Ti Grade 5 (Ti-6Al-4V): The Industry Standard of High Performance Alloys
Alloy Definition and Chemical Composition
Ti Grade 5 is the most widely used titanium alloy industrially and is generally called Ti-6Al-4V. This designation indicates that the alloy contains approximately 6% aluminium and 4% vanadium. Aluminium serves as the material’s α-phase stabiliser, while vanadium serves as its β-phase stabiliser. Thanks to these two elements, both mechanical stability at high temperature and excellent strength properties are obtained.
Typical chemical composition:
- Titanium (Ti): Balance
- Aluminium (Al): 5.5 – 6.75%
- Vanadium (V): 3.5 – 4.5%
- Iron (Fe): ≤ 0.40%
- Oxygen (O): ≤ 0.20%
- Carbon (C), Nitrogen (N), Hydrogen (H): In trace amounts
Ti-6Al-4V is an (α+β) titanium alloy containing both the α and the β phases, which gives it superior mechanical properties over a broad temperature range.
Ti Grade 5 Standards and Specifications
Ti Grade 5 is defined in the following international standards:
- UNS R56400
- ASTM B348 – Bar and forged products
- ASTM B265 – Sheet and plate
- ASTM F136 / F1472 – Medical applications
- AMS 4911 – Aerospace sheet
- AMS 4928 – Forged material for aircraft parts
- ISO 5832-3, DIN 3.7164, MIL-T-9046
Products supplied according to these standards can be found in machined bar, forged part, plate, tube and wire form.
Ti Grade 5 Trade Names and Equivalents
- Ti-6Al-4V
- Titanium Grade 5
- Werkstoff Nr. 3.7165
- Ti G5
- Ti6-4 / Ti6Al4V / Ti 6-4
Ti Grade 5 Mechanical and Physical Properties
Ti Grade 5 offers an extraordinary balance between high strength and corrosion resistance. Its typical properties are given below (solution treated and un-aged – annealed):
- Tensile Strength (UTS): ≥ 895 MPa
- Yield Strength (0.2%): ≥ 828 MPa
- Elongation (%): ≥ 10
- Modulus of Elasticity: ~114 GPa
- Density: 4.43 g/cm³
- Melting Point: 1604 – 1660 °C
- Coefficient of Thermal Expansion: 8.6 µm/m·K
- Thermal Conductivity: ~6.7 W/m·K
- Hardness (Rockwell C): ~36 (in the annealed condition)
By applying heat treatment the strength can be raised above 1000 MPa.
Application Areas
Ti Grade 5 is an alloy preferred for many critical applications. It is used especially in fields requiring high strength, lightness and corrosion resistance:
1.Aerospace Industry
#Aircraft frames, landing gear, turbine components
#Rocket systems and spacecraft
2.Medical Industry
#Hip and knee prostheses
#Dental implants and osteosynthesis plates
3.Automotive Sector
#Formula 1 and high performance vehicle parts
#Exhaust valves, connecting rods
4.Chemical and Petrochemical
#Acid reactors, pipe systems
#Pressure vessels
5.Energy Sector
#Submarine and offshore oil platforms
#Heat exchangers, nuclear reactor structures
5.Defence and Weapon Systems
#Armour plates, lightweight weapon parts
#Missile bodies
Advantages
- High Strength: Especially in terms of strength per unit weight, it is more efficient than steels.
- Excellent Corrosion Resistance: It provides high resistance to environments such as sea water, chloride and nitric acid.
- Biocompatibility: It is compatible with human tissue; it allows long-life implants.
- Good High Temperature Behaviour: It preserves its structural stability up to 400 °C.
- Weldability: Successful results are obtained with argon shielded TIG/MIG welding techniques.
Disadvantages
- Machinability Difficulty: Because of its hardness and low thermal conductivity, cutting tools can wear rapidly. Cooling and a special tool geometry are required.
- High Cost: Both the raw material and the machining costs are higher than those of steel or stainless steels.
- Risk of Excessive Hydrogen Pick-up: If it comes into contact with air at high temperature it may cause embrittlement.
Conclusion and Engineering Evaluation
Titanium Grade 5 has become an industry standard in aerospace, medical and advanced engineering applications. With its high strength, low density, excellent corrosion resistance and biocompatible structure, it is the most balanced titanium alloy that can be used in both structural and functional parts.
With a well-designed heat treatment and machining strategy, Grade 5 provides maximum performance, minimum weight and a long service life in engineering projects. For this reason it is positioned as a strategic material for all sectors in search of a high performance metal.
#Ti6Al-4V
#3.7164
#UNSR56400
#AMS4911
#AMS4928
#UNSR56400
#ASTMB348
#ASTMB265
#ASTMF1472
| Chemical Composition | Value | Mechanical Properties 20°C | Value | Physical Properties 20°C | Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| C % | ≤ 0.08 | Hardness HB 30 | ≥ HB 310 | Density gr/cm³ | ≥ 4.43 |
| V % | 3.50-4.50 | 0.2% Yield Strength Rp N/mm² | ≥ 830 | Specific Heat Capacity J/kg K | ≥ 560 |
| N % | ≤ 0.05 | Tensile Strength Rm N/mm² | ≥ 895 | Thermal ConductivityW/m K | ≥ 7.1 |
| Ti % | Rest | Elongation | ≥ 10% | Electrical Resistivity Ω mm²/m | ≥ 1.71 |
| Al % | 5.50-6.75 | Modulus of Elasticity kN/mm² | 114 | | |
| Fe % | ≤ 0.20 | | | ||
| O % | ≤ 0.20 | | | ||
| H % | ≤ 0.015 | | |
We supply this material
We supply Ti Grade 5 (Ti6Al4V) — to AMS 4928, AMS 4911 standards, in the dimensions and forms required. For stock availability and pricing:
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