Ti Grade 2: The Reliable Face of Commercially Pure Titanium in Engineering
Alloy Definition and Chemical Composition
Ti Grade 2 is one of the most widely used commercial titanium grades and falls within the pure titanium class. Containing more than 99% Ti (titanium), this material also contains small amounts of elements such as oxygen, carbon, nitrogen, hydrogen and iron. This alloy brings together titanium’s excellent corrosion resistance, high ductility and a good ductility-to-strength ratio and good weldability.
Ti Grade 2 titanium is one of the four grades of commercially pure titanium (Grade 1–4) and is at a medium level in terms of mechanical strength and formability. The chemical composition limits are as follows:
- Titanium (Ti): ≥ 98.9%
- Oxygen (O): ≤ 0.25%
- Carbon (C): ≤ 0.08%
- Nitrogen (N): ≤ 0.03%
- Hydrogen (H): ≤ 0.015%
- Iron (Fe): ≤ 0.30%
This combination of low alloying elements allows Grade 2 to reach a strength level suited to certain applications while preserving its high purity.
Ti Grade 2 Standards and Specifications
Ti Grade 2 is defined in the following international norms:
- UNS R50400
- ASTM B265 – Titanium sheet and plate
- ASTM B348 – Titanium bar and forged products
- ASTM B381 – Titanium forgings
- ASTM F67 – Suitability for medical implants
- AMS 4902 – Aircraft grade sheet
- AMS 4941 – For tubing
- DIN 3.7035, ISO 5832-2, BS 2TA11
Titanium Grade 2, which can be produced in different shapes and tolerances according to these standards, can be obtained certified for both aerospace and industrial applications.
Ti Grade 2 Trade Names and Equivalents
- Titanium Commercially Pure Grade 2
- CP Ti Grade 2
- Ti Grade 2
- Werkstoff Nr. 3.7035 (German standard)
- ISO 5832-2 (implant grade designation)
Mechanical and Physical Properties
Ti Grade 2, despite its low alloy content, has a quite balanced mechanical strength. It is preferred especially in terms of formability and welding capability.
Its typical properties at room temperature:
- Tensile Strength (UTS): 344 – 550 MPa
- Yield Strength (0.2%): ≥ 275 MPa
- Elongation (%): ≥ 20
- Modulus: 103 GPa
- Hardness (Rockwell C): ~20
- Density: 4.51 g/cm³
- Melting Point: 1665 °C
- Coefficient of Thermal Expansion: 8.6 µm/m·K
- Thermal Conductivity: 16.4 W/m·K
Ti Grade 2 has an α-phase structure, is suitable for cold forming and can be used down to -250 °C without losing ductility. It also preserves its structural stability up to 400 °C.
Application Areas
Titanium Grade 2 is widely used in the following sectors:
1.Chemical and Petrochemical
#Acid tanks, heat exchangers, pipe systems
#Sea water treatment systems
2.Aerospace
#Fuel systems, hydraulic tubes, fasteners
#Aircraft exhaust systems
3.Medical Industry
#Heart valves, dental implants (ASTM F67)
#Orthopaedic plates and screwless fixation systems
4.Energy Sector
#Pipework in nuclear power plants
#Tubes and plates in heat exchangers
5.Marine
#Propeller shafts, ballast systems, desalination equipment
6.Food and Pharmaceutical Industry
#Reactors, mixers, sterilisation systems
Advantages
- Superior Corrosion Resistance: Superior resistance in aggressive environments such as sea water, chlorine, hypochlorite and nitric acid.
- Biocompatibility: Excellent biological compatibility with the body; it can be used in medical implants.
- Low Density: A high strength-to-weight ratio provides lightweight structures.
- High Ductility and Formability: It is suitable for operations such as deep drawing, bending and rolling.
- Weldability: Easy and high quality joints are possible with argon shielded welding.
Disadvantages
- Medium Level Strength: It offers lower strength than alloys such as 6Al-4V (Grade 5).
- Poor Machinability: It requires special tooling and cooling during machining.
- Cost: It is more expensive than carbon steel and the 300 series stainless steels.
- Extreme Hydrogen and Oxygen Sensitivity: Uncontrolled gas pick-up during welding may lead to structural brittleness.
Conclusion and Engineering Evaluation
Ti Grade 2 is one of the first materials that comes to mind in the engineering world when lightness, corrosion resistance and biological compatibility are mentioned. With a broad area of use from chemical processes to medical devices, this material provides a great advantage especially in applications that do not require high strength but involve demanding environmental conditions.
Thanks to its high purity it can meet the safety sensitivities of the nuclear and medical sectors, while thanks to its machinability and weldability it is also suitable for complex designs. Being lower in cost than alloyed titaniums such as Grade 5 is, in some cases, a reason for preferring it.
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#AMS4951
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#ASTMB381
#ASTMF67
| Chemical Composition | Value | Mechanical Properties 20°C | Value | Physical Properties 20°C | Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| C % | ≤ 0.08 | Hardness HB 30 | ≤ HB 150 | Density gr/cm³ | 4.51 |
| N % | ≤ 0.03 | 0.2% Yield Strength Rp N/mm² | ≥ 275 | Specific Heat Capacity J/kg K | 520 |
| Ti % | Rest | Tensile Strength Rm N/mm² | ≥ 345 | Thermal ConductivityW/m K | 20 |
| Fe % | ≤ 0.30 | Elongation | ≥ 20% | Electrical Resistivity Ω mm²/m | 0.48 |
| O % | ≤ 0.25 | Modulus of Elasticity kN/mm² | 105 | | |
| H % | ≤ 0.015 | | |
We supply this material
We supply Ti Grade 2 (3.7035) — to AMS 4902, AMS 4941 standards, in the dimensions and forms required. For stock availability and pricing:
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