WASPALOY (UNS N07001): A Nickel-Based Super Alloy Offering High Temperature Strength
Alloy Definition and Chemical Composition
Waspaloy is a nickel-based, age hardenable super alloy developed with the aim of providing superior mechanical strength, oxidation resistance and thermal stability, particularly at high temperatures. Since the 1950s it has been used with confidence especially in gas turbine engine, aerospace, nuclear reactor and petrochemical applications.
This alloy niobium, aluminium, titanium — with the help of elements such as these it can be hardened through the precipitation of the γ′ (gamma prime) phase. It therefore shows extraordinary resistance to deformation and creep at high temperature.
Its typical chemical composition (% by weight):
- Nickel (Ni): 58–61%
- Chromium (Cr): 18–21%
- Cobalt (Co): 12–15%
- Molybdenum (Mo): 3.5–5.0%
- Titanium (Ti): 2.75–3.50%
- Aluminium (Al): 1.20–1.60%
- Iron (Fe): 2.0% max
- Carbon (C): 0.02–0.10%
- Zirconium (Zr): 0.02–0.06%
- Boron (B): 0.003–0.01%
While the high cobalt ratio in the alloy increases temperature stability, aluminium and titanium support the formation of the γ′ phase.
WASPALOY Standards and Specifications
WASPALOY is defined in industry by various ASTM, AMS and ISO norms. The standards applicable especially to the aerospace and energy sectors are as follows:
- AMS 5706 – For forged and rolled products
- AMS 5544 – Sheet and plate products
- AMS 5586 – Welded tube
- ASTM B637 – For general nickel alloy forged parts
- UNS N07001 – Unified Numbering System code
- Werkstoff Nr. 2.4654 – DIN equivalent
These standards guarantee the quality levels required especially for heat resistant high performance applications.
WASPALOY Trade Names and Equivalent Alloys
- WASPALOY® – Haynes International brand
- Alloy N07001
- Udimet N10001 – Variant belonging to the Udimet family (predecessor)
Inconel 718 — although it is assessed together with alloys such as this one, WASPALOY offers a more stable γ′ phase at higher temperatures. With this property it is preferred in applications above 700 °C.
Mechanical and Physical Properties
WASPALOY shows high strength and creep resistance both at room temperature and in the 700–870 °C temperature range. Its mechanical properties are optimised by the ageing operation.
In the age hardened condition (solution annealed + aged):
- Tensile Strength: ~1200–1500 MPa
- Yield Strength: ~1000 MPa
- Hardness (Rockwell C): RC 35–45
- Density: 8.19 g/cm³
- Melting range: 1320–1380 °C
- Thermal conductivity (RT): ~11.3 W/m·K
- Modulus of elasticity: 213 GPa
- Creep strength: Superior stability at 750–870 °C
These properties make WASPALOY indispensable in critical parts under high temperature stress, such as gas turbine discs, fuel nozzles, combustion chamber components and exhaust systems.
Application Areas
WASPALOY provides superiority from an engineering point of view in the following fields:
1.Aerospace
#Jet engine turbine discs, propeller parts
#Compressor discs, combustion chamber housings
2.Power Generation
#Gas turbines (land-based and aerospace type)
#Steam turbine systems
3.Nuclear Industry
#In-reactor high temperature parts
#Nuclear steam generator equipment
4.Petrochemicals
#Pipes operating at high temperature
#Valve and flange systems in oxidative and corrosive environments
5.Automotive (High Performance)
#Exhaust manifolds and turbo components
Advantages
- High Temperature Strength: It preserves its structural integrity over a range extending up to 870 °C.
- Creep and Fatigue Resistance: High resistance to deformation under long-term load.
- Corrosion and Oxidation Resistance: Reliable against aggressive environments at high temperature.
- Age Hardening Possibility: Hardness and strength adjustable by heat treatment for different applications.
- Weldability: It shows good welding performance with controlled parameters (TIG/MIG).
Disadvantages
- Difficult Machinability: WASPALOY is resistant to machining because of its high hardness. Carbide-tipped tools, a low feed rate and cooling are required.
- Heat Treatment Sensitivity: The ageing and solution annealing processes require specially controlled furnaces and durations.
- High Cost: Because of the cobalt and nickel content it is a rather expensive alloy.
- Delivery Time: Since it is an aerospace grade alloy, production times in special dimensions and norms are long.
Conclusion and Engineering Evaluation
WASPALOY is a nickel-based super alloy preferred in critical engineering applications in terms of high temperature strength, creep resistance and oxidation durability. Especially in parts operating between 700–870 °C it offers far superior performance to alloys such as Inconel 718, which are adequate for lower temperatures.
Although it requires advanced heat treatment and machining techniques, the thermomechanical stability it offers makes it indispensable for strategic applications such as jet engines, gas turbines and nuclear energy systems.
#AMS5706
#AMS5544
#AMS5586
#ASTM B637
#UNS N07001
#2.4654
#WASPALLOY®
#AlloyN07001
#UdimetN10001
We supply this material
We supply Waspaloy (2.4654) — to the AMS 5706 standard, in the dimensions and forms required. Contact us for stock availability and pricing.
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