{"id":4124,"date":"2025-06-25T11:52:29","date_gmt":"2025-06-25T08:52:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/?p=4124"},"modified":"2026-09-17T23:07:25","modified_gmt":"2026-09-17T20:07:25","slug":"tungsten-wolfram-w-astm-b760-astm-b777-refractory-metal","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/2025\/06\/25\/tungsten-wolfram-w-astm-b760-astm-b777-refractory-metal\/","title":{"rendered":"Tungsten (Wolfram, W) \u2014 ASTM B760 \/ ASTM B777 Refractory Metal"},"content":{"rendered":"<h3><b>Tungsten (Wolfram, W): A Strategic Refractory Metal for Applications Requiring Extreme Temperature and Density<\/b><\/h3>\n<h3><b>Element Properties and Chemical Definition<\/b><\/h3>\n<p class=\"p3\"><span class=\"s2\">Tungsten<\/span> is an extremely hard, dense, grey-white metal with atomic number 74 in the periodic table and a high melting point. It is a <span class=\"s2\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Refractory\">refractory<\/a> transition metal<\/span>. Its symbol is <span class=\"s2\">W<\/span>, and although it is called &#8220;Tungsten&#8221; in English, the German-origin name &#8220;Wolfram&#8221; is widely used in the international metallurgy literature.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\">This metal is not found free in nature; it is generally obtained from the minerals <span class=\"s2\">scheelite (CaWO\u2084)<\/span> and <span class=\"s2\">wolframite ((Fe,Mn)WO\u2084)<\/span>.<\/p>\n<hr>\n<h3><b>Tungsten <\/b><b>Standards and Specifications<\/b><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\"><b>ASTM B760<\/b><\/span> \u2013  sheet, plate and strip<\/li>\n<li class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\"><b>ASTM B777<\/b><\/span> \u2013  heavy alloys (such as tungsten-nickel-iron)<\/li>\n<li class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\"><b>ASTM F288<\/b><\/span> \u2013 Tungsten used in electronic and vacuum devices<\/li>\n<li class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\"><b>ISO 6841, ISO 6842<\/b><\/span> \u2013 Sintered tungsten products<\/li>\n<li class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\"><b>MIL-T-21014<\/b><\/span> \u2013 Tungsten components used in military and aerospace<\/li>\n<li class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\"><b>UNS R07005 \u2013 R07031<\/b><\/span> \u2013  numbering system<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr>\n<h3><b>Tungsten <\/b><b>Physical and Mechanical Properties<\/b><\/h3>\n<p class=\"p3\">Among all metals in nature it stands out for having <span class=\"s2\"><b>the highest melting point<\/b><\/span>. At the same time, thanks to its high density and low expansion coefficient, it is an ideal material in advanced engineering applications.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\"><b>Melting Point:<\/b><\/span> 3422 \u00b0C (the element with the highest melting point)<\/li>\n<li class=\"p1\"><b>Boiling Point:<\/b><span class=\"s1\"> ~5555 \u00b0C<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\"><b>Density:<\/b><\/span> 19.3 g\/cm\u00b3 (almost equal to that of gold)<\/li>\n<li class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\"><b>Brinell Hardness:<\/b><\/span> ~350 HB (pure), higher in sintered forms<\/li>\n<li class=\"p1\"><b>Modulus of Elasticity:<\/b><span class=\"s1\"> ~400 GPa<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"p1\"><b>Thermal Conductivity:<\/b><span class=\"s1\"> ~173 W\/m\u00b7K<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"p1\"><b>Electrical Resistivity:<\/b><span class=\"s1\"> 5.6 \u00b5\u03a9\u00b7cm<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"p1\"><b>Coefficient of Thermal Expansion:<\/b><span class=\"s1\"> 4.5 \u00b5m\/m\u00b7K (very low)<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"p3\"><span class=\"s2\"><b>Crystal structure:<\/b><\/span> BCC (Body-Centered Cubic)<\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\"><span class=\"s2\"><b>Machinability:<\/b><\/span> Not suitable for cold working; it is mostly sintered by way of <span class=\"s2\"><b>powder metallurgy<\/b><\/span>.<\/p>\n<hr>\n<h3><b>Trade Names<\/b><\/h3>\n<p class=\"p3\">It is rarely used in pure form; it mostly appears before us as <span class=\"s2\"><b>tungsten heavy alloys<\/b><\/span> (WHA \u2013 Tungsten Heavy Alloys) in the following systems:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"p1\"><b>W-Ni-Fe (Tungsten-Nickel-Iron)<\/b><\/li>\n<li class=\"p1\"><b><\/b><b>W-Ni-Cu (Tungsten-Nickel-Copper)<\/b><\/li>\n<li class=\"p1\"><b><\/b><span class=\"s1\"><b>WC (Tungsten Carbide)<\/b><\/span> \u2013 The backbone of the tool steel and hard metal industry<\/li>\n<li class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\"><b>Thoriated Tungsten (W-ThO\u2082)<\/b><\/span> \u2013 Used in electron emission<\/li>\n<li class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\"><b>Lanthanated\/ Ceriated Tungsten<\/b><\/span> \u2013 For TIG welding electrodes<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 class=\"p3\">Its common commercial names:<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\"><b>Densalloy\u00ae<\/b><\/span> \u2013 Defence and ballistic applications<\/li>\n<li class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\"><b>Mallory\u00ae 1000<\/b><\/span> \u2013 Vibration dampers<\/li>\n<li class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\"><b>Hevimet\u00ae<\/b><\/span> \u2013 Aerospace and nuclear industry<\/li>\n<li class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\"><b>MegaTungsten\u2122<\/b><\/span> \u2013 For special high density applications<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr>\n<h3><b>Application Areas<\/b><\/h3>\n<p class=\"p3\"><span class=\"s2\">I<\/span>t is preferred in sectors with very special physical and mechanical demands:<\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\"><b>1.Defence Industry and Ballistic Systems<\/b><b><\/b><\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\">#Armour piercing ammunition cores<br \/>\n#Radiation attenuating shields<br \/>\n#Non-fragmenting kinetic energy ammunition<\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\"><b>2.Aerospace Industry<\/b><b><\/b><\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\">#High temperature resistant jet engine parts<br \/>\n#Temperature compensators and balancing weights<\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\"><b>3.Nuclear Energy Systems<\/b><b><\/b><\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\">#High density radiation barriers<br \/>\n#Tokamak and fusion reactor components<\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\"><b>4.Electrical and Electronics<\/b><b><\/b><\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\">#Vacuum tube electrodes<br \/>\n#Anodes and targets in X-ray tubes<br \/>\n3Filament wires (tungsten&#8217;s first use for this purpose goes back to Edison&#8217;s time)<\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\"><b>5.Welding Technology<\/b><b><\/b><\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\">#TIG welding electrodes (Thoriated, Ceriated, Lanthanated Tungsten types)<br \/>\n#Preferred thanks to arc stability and heat resistance<\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\"><b>6.Machine Tools and Metalworking<\/b><b><\/b><\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\">#Tungsten Carbide (WC):<\/span> Milling cutter, drill, cutting tip and mould production<br \/>\n#It is indispensable in terms of hardness and wear resistance<\/p>\n<hr>\n<h3><b>Advantages<\/b><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"p1\"><b>Extremely High Melting Point: <\/b>It is unrivalled for applications above 3000 \u00b0C.<\/li>\n<li class=\"p1\"><b>High Density: <\/b>It is ideal for radiation shielding, counterweights and kinetic energy ammunition.<\/li>\n<li class=\"p1\"><b>Temperature Stability: <\/b>It provides long-term stability especially in vacuum environments.<\/li>\n<li class=\"p1\"><b>Electrical and Thermal Conductivity: <\/b>It shows effective performance in heat and electron transfer.<\/li>\n<li class=\"p1\"><b>Wear and Corrosion Resistance: <\/b>It is very high especially in tungsten carbide forms.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr>\n<h3><b>Disadvantages<\/b><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"p1\"><b>Difficult Machinability: <\/b>Because of its high hardness and brittleness it is not suitable for machining. It requires sintering.<\/li>\n<li class=\"p1\"><b>Bulky and Brittle: <\/b>Pure tungsten in particular may show brittle behaviour under impact.<\/li>\n<li class=\"p1\"><b>High Cost: <\/b>It is an expensive metal because of the ore extraction, purification and processing processes.<\/li>\n<li class=\"p1\"><b>Non-Weldability: <\/b>Joining by welding is very difficult; special joining techniques are required.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr>\n<h3><b>Conclusion and Engineering Evaluation<\/b><\/h3>\n<p class=\"p3\">At the outer limits of modern engineering it is an unrivalled material, especially in applications requiring extreme temperature, density or radiation resistance. It offers strategic solutions for environments in which most metals remain non-functional. However, because of its high cost, difficult machinability and welding difficulties, it is preferred only in projects where performance is the priority.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\">In this context it is , <span class=\"s2\"><b>from the defence industry to nuclear technology and from space research to medical radiology<\/b><\/span> an element of high engineering value used in very broad and technically critical fields.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h5><span class=\"s1\"><b>#ASTMB760<\/b><\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"s1\"><b>#ASTMB777<\/b><\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"s1\"><b>#ASTMF288<\/b><\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"s1\"><b>#ISO6841<\/b><\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"s1\"><b>#MIL-T-21014<\/b><\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"s1\"><b>#UNSR07005<\/b><\/span><\/h5>\n<p><!-- dm-ic-baglanti --><\/p>\n<div class=\"dm-ic-baglanti\" style=\"margin:28px 0 0;border:1px solid #e0e0e0;border-left:4px solid #DD3333;background:#FAFAFA;padding:16px 18px;\">\n<p style=\"font-size:12px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.06em;text-transform:uppercase;color:#DD3333;margin:0 0 6px;line-height:1.4;\">We supply this material<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 12px;font-size:15px;line-height:1.65;color:#333;\">We supply Tungsten \u2014 to the ASTM B760 and ASTM B777 standards, in the dimensions and forms required. Contact us for stock availability and pricing.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/en\/contact\/\" style=\"display:inline-block;color:#ffffff;background:#24BEE5;text-decoration:none;font-weight:600;font-size:14px;padding:10px 17px;line-height:1.2;\">Request a quotation \u2192<\/a>\n<\/div>\n<p><!-- \/dm-ic-baglanti --><\/p>\n<p><!-- dm-benzer --><\/p>\n<div class=\"dm-benzer\" style=\"margin:22px 0 0;padding:14px 16px;border:1px solid #e0e0e0;background:#FBFCFD;\">\n<p style=\"font-size:11px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.08em;text-transform:uppercase;color:#9aa3a8;margin:0 0 8px;line-height:1.4;\">Similar products<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0;font-size:15px;line-height:2;color:#333;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/en\/nikel-200\/\" style=\"color:#24BEE5;font-weight:600;text-decoration:none;\">Nickel 200<\/a>  \u00b7  <a href=\"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/en\/nikel-201\/\" style=\"color:#24BEE5;font-weight:600;text-decoration:none;\">Nickel 201<\/a>  \u00b7  <a href=\"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/en\/invar-36\/\" style=\"color:#24BEE5;font-weight:600;text-decoration:none;\">Invar 36<\/a>  \u00b7  <a href=\"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/2025\/06\/24\/kovar-1-3981-uns-k94610-astm-f15-controlled-expansion-alloy\/\" style=\"color:#24BEE5;font-weight:600;text-decoration:none;\">Kovar<\/a>  \u00b7  <a href=\"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/en\/products\/\" style=\"color:#666;font-weight:600;text-decoration:none;\">All products \u2192<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p><!-- \/dm-benzer --><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Tungsten (Wolfram, W) is the refractory metal with the highest melting point at 3422 \u00b0C and a density of 19.3 g\/cm3. Element properties, ASTM B760 \/ B777 \/ F288, ISO 6841 and MIL-T-21014 standards, tungsten heavy alloys and carbide, defence, aerospace, nuclear, electronics and welding applications.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2108,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[8],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4124","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-articles"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Tungsten (Wolfram, W) \u2014 ASTM B760 \/ ASTM B777 Refractory Metal - Defence Metal<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Tungsten (Wolfram, W) is the refractory metal with the highest melting point at 3422 \u00b0C and a density of 19.3 g\/cm3.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/2025\/06\/25\/tungsten-wolfram-w-astm-b760-astm-b777-refractory-metal\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"tr_TR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Tungsten (Wolfram, W) \u2014 ASTM B760 \/ ASTM B777 Refractory Metal - 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