{"id":3956,"date":"2026-09-15T23:25:43","date_gmt":"2026-09-15T20:25:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/?p=3956"},"modified":"2026-09-24T19:45:52","modified_gmt":"2026-09-24T16:45:52","slug":"aisi-316l-aisi-904l-difference","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/2026\/09\/15\/aisi-316l-aisi-904l-difference\/","title":{"rendered":"What Is the Difference Between AISI 316L and AISI 904L?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>AISI 316L<\/strong> is the standard chloride-resistant grade of stainless steel. <strong>AISI 904L<\/strong> falls into an altogether different class: its alloy content is so high that even its UNS number sits not in the stainless steel group (S\u2026) but in the <strong>nickel alloy group (N08904)<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<h3>Nickel, molybdenum and copper<\/h3>\n<p>The difference on our datasheets is striking: nickel is <strong>10.0\u201314.0%<\/strong> in 316L and rises to <strong>23.00\u201328.00%<\/strong> in 904L \u2014 more than double. Molybdenum rises from 2.0\u20133.0% to <strong>4.00\u20135.00%<\/strong>, chromium from 16.0\u201318.0% to <strong>19.00\u201323.00%<\/strong>. On top of that, <strong>1\u20132% copper<\/strong>, which 316L does not contain at all, is added.<\/p>\n<p>The high nickel content makes the material resistant to <strong>stress corrosion cracking<\/strong> \u2014 the point at which 316L is weakest in hot chloride environments. Molybdenum provides resistance to pitting and crevice corrosion. Copper does something particular: it provides resistance to <strong>reducing acids<\/strong>, especially sulphuric and phosphoric acid. That copper addition is exactly why 904L is preferred in the chemical and fertiliser industries.<\/p>\n<p>Carbon is also kept very low (<strong>max 0.02%<\/strong>), so 904L is by its nature already an \u201cL\u201d grade and is protected against intergranular corrosion after welding.<\/p>\n<h3>Comparison in numbers<\/h3>\n<div style=\"overflow-x:auto;border:1px solid #d7dfe4;background:#fff;margin:10px 0 26px;\">\n<table style=\"border-collapse:collapse;width:100%;font-size:15px;\">\n<thead>\n<tr style=\"background:#DD3333;color:#fff;\">\n<th style=\"padding:12px 14px;text-align:left;color:#ffffff !important;background:#DD3333;\">PROPERTY<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding:12px 14px;text-align:left;color:#ffffff !important;background:#DD3333;\">AISI 316L<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding:12px 14px;text-align:left;color:#ffffff !important;background:#DD3333;\">AISI 904L<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:11px 14px;border-bottom:1px solid #d7dfe4;font-weight:600;color:#20303c;\">Carbon (C)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:11px 14px;border-bottom:1px solid #d7dfe4;color:#41525c;\">max 0.03%<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:11px 14px;border-bottom:1px solid #d7dfe4;color:#41525c;\">max 0.02%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:11px 14px;border-bottom:1px solid #d7dfe4;font-weight:600;color:#20303c;\">Chromium (Cr)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:11px 14px;border-bottom:1px solid #d7dfe4;color:#41525c;\">16.0 \u2013 18.0%<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:11px 14px;border-bottom:1px solid #d7dfe4;color:#41525c;\">19.00 \u2013 23.00%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:11px 14px;border-bottom:1px solid #d7dfe4;font-weight:600;color:#20303c;\">Nickel (Ni)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:11px 14px;border-bottom:1px solid #d7dfe4;color:#41525c;\">10.0 \u2013 14.0%<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:11px 14px;border-bottom:1px solid #d7dfe4;color:#41525c;\">23.00 \u2013 28.00%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:11px 14px;border-bottom:1px solid #d7dfe4;font-weight:600;color:#20303c;\">Molybdenum (Mo)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:11px 14px;border-bottom:1px solid #d7dfe4;color:#41525c;\">2.0 \u2013 3.0%<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:11px 14px;border-bottom:1px solid #d7dfe4;color:#41525c;\">4.00 \u2013 5.00%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:11px 14px;border-bottom:1px solid #d7dfe4;font-weight:600;color:#20303c;\">Copper (Cu)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:11px 14px;border-bottom:1px solid #d7dfe4;color:#41525c;\">\u2014<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:11px 14px;border-bottom:1px solid #d7dfe4;color:#41525c;\">1 \u2013 2%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:11px 14px;border-bottom:1px solid #d7dfe4;font-weight:600;color:#20303c;\">Tensile strength Rm<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:11px 14px;border-bottom:1px solid #d7dfe4;color:#41525c;\">485 MPa<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:11px 14px;border-bottom:1px solid #d7dfe4;color:#41525c;\">490 MPa<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:11px 14px;border-bottom:1px solid #d7dfe4;font-weight:600;color:#20303c;\">Yield strength Rp0.2<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:11px 14px;border-bottom:1px solid #d7dfe4;color:#41525c;\">170 MPa<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:11px 14px;border-bottom:1px solid #d7dfe4;color:#41525c;\">220 MPa<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:11px 14px;border-bottom:1px solid #d7dfe4;font-weight:600;color:#20303c;\">Elongation A50<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:11px 14px;border-bottom:1px solid #d7dfe4;color:#41525c;\">40%<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:11px 14px;border-bottom:1px solid #d7dfe4;color:#41525c;\">36%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:11px 14px;border-bottom:1px solid #d7dfe4;font-weight:600;color:#20303c;\">Hardness<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:11px 14px;border-bottom:1px solid #d7dfe4;color:#41525c;\">max 217 HB<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:11px 14px;border-bottom:1px solid #d7dfe4;color:#41525c;\">max 150 HB<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:11px 14px;border-bottom:1px solid #d7dfe4;font-weight:600;color:#20303c;\">Density<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:11px 14px;border-bottom:1px solid #d7dfe4;color:#41525c;\">8.00 g\/cm\u00b3<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:11px 14px;border-bottom:1px solid #d7dfe4;color:#41525c;\">7.90 g\/cm\u00b3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:11px 14px;border-bottom:1px solid #d7dfe4;font-weight:600;color:#20303c;\">Thermal conductivity<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:11px 14px;border-bottom:1px solid #d7dfe4;color:#41525c;\">16.3 W\/m\u00b7K<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:11px 14px;border-bottom:1px solid #d7dfe4;color:#41525c;\">11.5 W\/m\u00b7K<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:11px 14px;border-bottom:1px solid #d7dfe4;font-weight:600;color:#20303c;\">UNS<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:11px 14px;border-bottom:1px solid #d7dfe4;color:#41525c;\">S31603<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:11px 14px;border-bottom:1px solid #d7dfe4;color:#41525c;\">N08904<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:11px 14px;border-bottom:1px solid #d7dfe4;font-weight:600;color:#20303c;\">W.Nr (DIN\/EN)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:11px 14px;border-bottom:1px solid #d7dfe4;color:#41525c;\">1.4404<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:11px 14px;border-bottom:1px solid #d7dfe4;color:#41525c;\">1.4539<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:11px 14px;border-bottom:1px solid #d7dfe4;font-weight:600;color:#20303c;\">AMS<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:11px 14px;border-bottom:1px solid #d7dfe4;color:#41525c;\">5653 \u00b7 5507<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:11px 14px;border-bottom:1px solid #d7dfe4;color:#41525c;\">\u2014<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:11px 14px;border-bottom:1px solid #d7dfe4;font-weight:600;color:#20303c;\">ASTM<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:11px 14px;border-bottom:1px solid #d7dfe4;color:#41525c;\">A276 \u00b7 A479 \u00b7 A484 \u00b7 A240<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:11px 14px;border-bottom:1px solid #d7dfe4;color:#41525c;\">A182 \u00b7 A262 \u00b7 A479<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<p style=\"font-size:13px;color:#6b7a84;margin-top:-16px;\">Values are taken from our product datasheets; section thickness and the applied heat treatment regime change the result.<\/p>\n<h3>Which one, and when?<\/h3>\n<p><strong>AISI 316L is sufficient<\/strong> \u2014 chloride environments other than seawater, food and pharmaceutical pipework, welded tanks and pipes, general process equipment. It costs far less and is easy to source in every form.<\/p>\n<p><strong>AISI 904L is required<\/strong> \u2014 sulphuric and phosphoric acid lines, fertiliser production, flue gas desulphurisation systems, seawater heat exchangers, oil and gas process equipment. It comes into play where 316L begins to pit or to crack under stress.<\/p>\n<p>One point to keep in mind: the strength of 904L is not much higher than that of 316L. The reason for choosing 904L is corrosion resistance, not strength. If high strength <em>and<\/em> high corrosion resistance are wanted together, the duplex steels are where to look.<\/p>\n<h3>Alternatives<\/h3>\n<p>For much higher strength in the same corrosion class there are <a href=\"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/en\/aisi-318\/\">AISI 318 (duplex 2205)<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/en\/aisi-f53\/\">AISI F53 (super duplex)<\/a>. For still more aggressive environments, the move is to nickel alloys such as <a href=\"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/en\/hastelloy-c-276\/\">Hastelloy C-276<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/en\/incoloy-825\/\">Incoloy 825<\/a>.<\/p>\n<div style=\"border:1px solid #d7dfe4;border-left:4px solid #24BEE5;background:#f7fafb;padding:18px 20px;margin:26px 0;\">\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 10px;font-weight:700;color:#20303c;\">Technical datasheets<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/en\/aisi-316l\/\">AISI 316L \u2014 chemical composition, mechanical values, standard equivalents<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 12px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/en\/aisi-904l\/\">AISI 904L \u2014 chemical composition, mechanical values, standard equivalents<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0;color:#6b7a84;font-size:14px;\">Both grades are supplied to order in round bar, flat bar, plate, sheet, pipe and forged forms. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/en\/contact\/\">Contact us<\/a> for a quotation.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>904L contains far more nickel and molybdenum than 316L and was developed for sulphuric and phosphoric acid environments.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3386,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[7],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3956","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-comparisons"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>What Is the Difference Between AISI 316L and AISI 904L? 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