{"id":3683,"date":"2026-09-16T11:18:17","date_gmt":"2026-09-16T08:18:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/en\/en-aw-7075\/"},"modified":"2026-09-25T16:27:02","modified_gmt":"2026-09-25T13:27:02","slug":"en-aw-7075","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/en\/en-aw-7075\/","title":{"rendered":"EN AW 7075"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><!-- dm-hap --><\/p>\n<h1 class=\"dm-ust-baslik\" style=\"font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,'Segoe UI',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif !important;text-transform:none !important;font-size:27px;line-height:1.3;font-weight:800;color:#12303f;margin:0 0 10px;letter-spacing:-.01em;\">EN AW 7075 \/ AMS 4078 \/ AMS 4124<\/h1>\n<div style=\"border:1px solid #d7dfe4;background:#ffffff;margin:0 0 22px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\"><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"background:#12303f;padding:14px 16px 12px;position:relative;z-index:2;\">\n<div style=\"font-size:22px;font-weight:700;color:#fff;line-height:1.25;\">EN AW-7075<\/div>\n<div style=\"font-family:ui-monospace,Menlo,Consolas,monospace;font-size:12.5px;color:#b9cfdb;line-height:1.5;margin-top:5px;word-wrap:break-word;\">EN AW-7075 \u00b7 AlZn5.5MgCu \u00b7 W.Nr. 3.4365 \u00b7 UNS A97075 \u00b7 Per EN 573-3: Zn 5.1-6.1 % \u2013 Mg 2.1-2.9 % \u2013 Cu 1.2-2.0 % \u2013 Cr 0.18-0.28 % \u2013 Fe max 0.50 % \u2013 Si max 0.40 % \u2013 Mn max 0.30 % \u2013 Ti max 0.20 % \u2013 balance Al. This is a 7xxx series Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy and it IS HEAT-TREATABLE: solution treatment 470-480 \u00b0C + quench + ARTIFICIAL ageing. Hardening comes from MgZn2 (eta&#8217;) precipitation. The tempers are O, T6, T651, T73 and T7351. T73\/T7351 are OVERAGED tempers: strength is deliberately lowered and resistance to stress corrosion cracking (SCC) is bought in exchange.<\/div>\n<div data-dmkars-blok=\"1\" style=\"border-top:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.16);margin-top:13px;padding-top:11px;\">\n<div style=\"font-size:10px;letter-spacing:.09em;text-transform:uppercase;color:#7f9fb0;font-weight:700;margin-bottom:8px;\">Not to be confused with<\/div>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/2026\/09\/15\/en-aw-7075-en-aw-6082-difference\/\" data-dmkars=\"1\" style=\"display:inline-block;padding:4px 11px;border:1px solid rgba(36,190,229,.45);background:rgba(36,190,229,.12);border-radius:99px;margin:0 6px 6px 0;font-size:12.5px;font-weight:600;color:#9fe2f7;text-decoration:none;\">EN AW 6082<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/2026\/09\/15\/en-aw-7075-en-aw-2017a-difference\/\" data-dmkars=\"1\" style=\"display:inline-block;padding:4px 11px;border:1px solid rgba(36,190,229,.45);background:rgba(36,190,229,.12);border-radius:99px;margin:0 6px 6px 0;font-size:12.5px;font-weight:600;color:#9fe2f7;text-decoration:none;\">EN AW 2017A<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"position:relative;z-index:2;\">\n<div style=\"display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">\n<div style=\"flex:0 0 118px;padding:11px 14px;background:#F7FAFB;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:.09em;text-transform:uppercase;color:#6b8091;font-weight:600;line-height:1.5;\">For what<\/div>\n<div style=\"flex:1 1 230px;min-width:0;padding:11px 14px;font-size:14.5px;line-height:1.7;color:#3d5260;word-wrap:break-word;overflow-wrap:break-word;\">Bought where the highest strength available from aluminium is required, for parts that WILL NOT BE WELDED and that will be protected by plating or anodising: aircraft structural parts, aircraft fasteners, defence components, highly loaded machine parts, mould and model plate, billets from which\u2026<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">\n<div style=\"flex:0 0 118px;padding:11px 14px;background:#F7FAFB;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:.09em;text-transform:uppercase;color:#6b8091;font-weight:600;line-height:1.5;\">Forms<\/div>\n<div style=\"flex:1 1 230px;min-width:0;padding:11px 14px;font-size:14.5px;line-height:1.7;color:#3d5260;word-wrap:break-word;overflow-wrap:break-word;\">Round bar \u00b7 flat bar \u00b7 plate \u00b7 sheet \u00b7 tube \u00b7 forgings. All forms are supplied to order.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">\n<div style=\"flex:0 0 118px;padding:11px 14px;background:#F7FAFB;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:.09em;text-transform:uppercase;color:#6b8091;font-weight:600;line-height:1.5;\">Standards<\/div>\n<div style=\"flex:1 1 230px;min-width:0;padding:11px 14px;font-size:14.5px;line-height:1.7;color:#3d5260;word-wrap:break-word;overflow-wrap:break-word;\"><b style=\"font-size:16.5px;font-weight:800;color:#12303f;\">AMS 4044<\/b> (7075-O annealed or 7075-F sheet and plate) \u00b7 <b style=\"font-size:16.5px;font-weight:800;color:#12303f;\">AMS 4045<\/b> (7075-T6 sheet \/ 7075-T651 plate, solution and precipitation heat treated) \u00b7 <b style=\"font-size:16.5px;font-weight:800;color:#12303f;\">AMS 4078<\/b> (7075-T73 sheet \/ 7075-T7351 plate, solution heat treated and OVERAGED) \u00b7 <b style=\"font-size:16.5px;font-weight:800;color:#12303f;\">AMS 4124<\/b> (7075-T73 \/ T7351 rolled or cold finished bars, rods and wire; stress relieved by stretching and overaged) \u00b7 <b style=\"font-size:16.5px;font-weight:800;color:#12303f;\">AMS 4126<\/b> (7075-T6 die and hand forgings and rolled rings) \u00b7 <b style=\"font-size:16.5px;font-weight:800;color:#12303f;\">AMS 4141<\/b> (7075-T73 die forgings) \u00b7 AMS-QQ-A-200\/11 and AMS-QQ-A-225\/9 (extrusions and bar) \u00b7 ASTM B209\/B209M (sheet and plate) \u00b7 ASTM B211 (rolled or cold finished bar, rod and wire) \u00b7 ASTM B221 (extrusions) \u00b7 EN 573-3 (composition) \u00b7 EN 515 (tempers) \u00b7 EN 485-1\/-2\/-3\/-4 (flat products) \u00b7 EN 755-1\/-2 (extrusions) \u00b7 EN 754-1\/-2 (cold drawn) \u00b7 EN 586-1\/-2\/-3 (forgings)<br \/><span style=\"font-size:12.5px;color:#7b8f9b;line-height:1.6;display:inline-block;margin-top:6px;\">AMS 4044, 4045, 4078, 4124 and 4126 were each verified INDIVIDUALLY against SAE title records and all five are 7075; but THE FIVE COVER DIFFERENT TEMPERS AND FORMS and are not interchangeable: 4044 = O\/F sheet and plate, 4045 = T6 sheet and T651 plate, 4078 =\u2026<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">\n<div style=\"flex:0 0 118px;padding:11px 14px;background:#F7FAFB;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:.09em;text-transform:uppercase;color:#6b8091;font-weight:600;line-height:1.5;\">Advantage<\/div>\n<div style=\"flex:1 1 230px;min-width:0;padding:11px 14px;font-size:14.5px;line-height:1.7;color:#3d5260;word-wrap:break-word;overflow-wrap:break-word;\">By far the highest strength of the five: EN 485-2 requires Rp0.2 min 460 MPa and Rm min 540 MPa for T651 plate of 6-12.5 mm; EN 755-2 gives 505 MPa \/ 570 MPa for T6 extruded rod up to 25 mm. In the same standard family the limit for 6082 T6 is 260 MPa \/ 310 MPa.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">\n<div style=\"flex:0 0 118px;padding:11px 14px;background:#F7FAFB;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:.09em;text-transform:uppercase;color:#6b8091;font-weight:600;line-height:1.5;\">Welding<\/div>\n<div style=\"flex:1 1 230px;min-width:0;padding:11px 14px;font-size:14.5px;line-height:1.7;color:#3d5260;word-wrap:break-word;overflow-wrap:break-word;\">NOT SUITABLE FOR FUSION WELDING. The BIKAR data sheet rates gas, TIG and MIG as 5 (unsuitable); the Alcoa weldability table simply states NO for 7075; Batz+Burgel gives gas\/TIG\/MIG its lowest mark.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">\n<div style=\"flex:0 0 118px;padding:11px 14px;background:#fdeceb;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:.09em;text-transform:uppercase;color:#c0392b;font-weight:600;line-height:1.5;\">Limits<\/div>\n<div style=\"flex:1 1 230px;min-width:0;padding:11px 14px;font-size:14.5px;line-height:1.7;color:#3d5260;word-wrap:break-word;overflow-wrap:break-word;background:#fdeceb;\">THE GOVERNING LIMIT IS STRESS CORROSION CRACKING (SCC). Kaiser Aluminum rates the T6 and T651 tempers of 7075 as &#8216;C&#8217; in its SCC resistance classification and defines that as &#8216;service failures with sustained tension stress acting in the short transverse direction&#8217;.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"padding:14px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/en\/contact\/\" style=\"display:inline-block;padding:11px 20px;font-size:14px;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;margin:0 8px 6px 0;background:#dd3333;color:#ffffff;\">REQUEST A QUOTE<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/en\/aluminium-alloys\/\" style=\"display:inline-block;padding:11px 20px;font-size:14px;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;margin:0 8px 6px 0;font-weight:600;border:1px solid #12303f;color:#12303f;\">All aluminium alloys &rarr;<\/a><span data-dm=\"dm-teknik\" style=\"cursor:pointer;display:inline-block;padding:11px 20px;font-size:14px;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;margin:0 8px 6px 0;border:1px solid #dd3333;color:#dd3333;\">TECHNICAL DETAILS &darr;<\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"padding:9px 14px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-size:11.5px;color:#8a9aa4;line-height:1.5;\">Compiled from manufacturer data sheets \u00b7 confirm against the current specification before ordering<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><!-- \/dm-hap --><!-- dm-nav --><\/p>\n<style>h4[id^=\"dm-b\"]{scroll-margin-top:120px}#dm-teknik{scroll-margin-top:120px}<\/style>\n<div style=\"border:1px solid #d7dfe4;background:#ffffff;margin:0 0 22px;padding:12px 14px;\">\n<div style=\"font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:.09em;text-transform:uppercase;color:#6b8091;font-weight:600;margin-bottom:9px;\">On this page &middot; click to jump<\/div>\n<div><span data-dm=\"dm-b0\" style=\"cursor:pointer;display:inline-block;padding:5px 11px;border:1px solid #dfe6ea;background:#F7FAFB;margin:0 6px 7px 0;font-size:13px;color:#12303f;\">What EN AW-7075 Is<\/span><span data-dm=\"dm-b1\" style=\"cursor:pointer;display:inline-block;padding:5px 11px;border:1px solid #dfe6ea;background:#F7FAFB;margin:0 6px 7px 0;font-size:13px;color:#12303f;\">Standards by Product Form<\/span><span data-dm=\"dm-b2\" style=\"cursor:pointer;display:inline-block;padding:5px 11px;border:1px solid #dfe6ea;background:#F7FAFB;margin:0 6px 7px 0;font-size:13px;color:#12303f;\">Product Forms With NO Standard<\/span><span data-dm=\"dm-b3\" style=\"cursor:pointer;display:inline-block;padding:5px 11px;border:1px solid #dfe6ea;background:#F7FAFB;margin:0 6px 7px 0;font-size:13px;color:#12303f;\">Chemical Composition<\/span><span data-dm=\"dm-b4\" style=\"cursor:pointer;display:inline-block;padding:5px 11px;border:1px solid #dfe6ea;background:#F7FAFB;margin:0 6px 7px 0;font-size:13px;color:#12303f;\">Mechanical Properties<\/span><span data-dm=\"dm-b5\" style=\"cursor:pointer;display:inline-block;padding:5px 11px;border:1px solid #dfe6ea;background:#F7FAFB;margin:0 6px 7px 0;font-size:13px;color:#12303f;\">Physical Properties<\/span><span data-dm=\"dm-b6\" style=\"cursor:pointer;display:inline-block;padding:5px 11px;border:1px solid #dfe6ea;background:#F7FAFB;margin:0 6px 7px 0;font-size:13px;color:#12303f;\">Heat Treatment<\/span><span data-dm=\"dm-b7\" style=\"cursor:pointer;display:inline-block;padding:5px 11px;border:1px solid #dfe6ea;background:#F7FAFB;margin:0 6px 7px 0;font-size:13px;color:#12303f;\">Welding<\/span><span data-dm=\"dm-b8\" style=\"cursor:pointer;display:inline-block;padding:5px 11px;border:1px solid #dfe6ea;background:#F7FAFB;margin:0 6px 7px 0;font-size:13px;color:#12303f;\">Machining<\/span><span data-dm=\"dm-b9\" style=\"cursor:pointer;display:inline-block;padding:5px 11px;border:1px solid #dfe6ea;background:#F7FAFB;margin:0 6px 7px 0;font-size:13px;color:#12303f;\">Corrosion<\/span><span data-dm=\"dm-b10\" style=\"cursor:pointer;display:inline-block;padding:5px 11px;border:1px solid #dfe6ea;background:#F7FAFB;margin:0 6px 7px 0;font-size:13px;color:#12303f;\">Frequently Asked Questions<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><script>(function(){function go(id){var e=document.getElementById(id);if(e){var s=document.scrollingElement||document.documentElement;var y=e.getBoundingClientRect().top+s.scrollTop-118;if(y-0-0-0-0!==y){y=0;}window.scrollTo(0,y);}}function bind(el){el.addEventListener(\"click\",function(ev){ev.preventDefault();go(el.getAttribute(\"data-dm\"));});}function init(){var l=document.querySelectorAll(\"[data-dm]\");Array.prototype.forEach.call(l,bind);if(location.hash){if(location.hash.indexOf(\"#dm-\")===0){try{history.replaceState(null,\"\",location.pathname+location.search);}catch(e){}window.scrollTo(0,0);setTimeout(function(){window.scrollTo(0,0);},80);}}}if(document.readyState===\"loading\"){document.addEventListener(\"DOMContentLoaded\",init);}else{init();}})();<\/script><!-- \/dm-nav --><br \/>\n<span id=\"dm-teknik\" style=\"display:block;height:0;overflow:hidden;\"><\/span><br \/>\nAMS 4078 \/ AlZn5.5MgCu \/ 7075 \/ T7351<\/p>\n<p>EN AW 7075 T651 is used in many fields, aerospace above all. Because its resistance to stress corrosion cracking is insufficient in large diameters and heavy thicknesses in particular, 7075 T7351 is preferred. Where the material is to be used as large single-piece aluminium plate, selecting the appropriate AMS and ASTM standards means that 7075 T7351 provides high resistance to stress corrosion while also giving machinability to near-perfect close tolerances without distortion problems.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Machinability:<\/strong> While EN AW 7075 provides high strength and temperature capability, it is generally a harder alloy and more difficult to machine. There are therefore some factors to observe during machining and forming.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Turning and milling:<\/strong> Cutting speed \u2014 EN AW 7075 aluminium alloy can generally be machined at medium cutting speeds. Higher speeds can cause overheating, which can adversely affect the machining process. Cutting tools \u2014 it can be machined with carbide inserts or hardened steel tooling, and tool life varies with the speed and the cutting fluid used. Cooling \u2014 using cutting fluid at high machining speeds prevents the material from overheating and the quality of the work from deteriorating.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Weldability:<\/strong> EN AW 7075 can be welded by the TIG and MIG methods, but care is required because high thermal stress can arise during welding. Surface cleanliness is important against oxidation problems during welding.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Heat treatment:<\/strong> EN AW 7075 can generally be given the T5 or T6 temper, which is used to raise the hardness and strength of the material. After heat treatment the material gains higher strength and hardness, although machinability can fall somewhat.<\/p>\n<div style=\"border:1px solid #d7dfe4;background:#ffffff;margin:24px 0 18px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\">\n<div style=\"background:#DD3333;color:#ffffff;font-size:13px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.04em;text-transform:uppercase;padding:10px 12px;line-height:1.35;\">Chemical Composition<\/div>\n<p><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<table style=\"border-collapse:collapse;width:100%;font-size:15px;line-height:1.5;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\">Silicon (Si)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">0.00 \u2013 0.40<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\">Tin (Sn)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">0.00 \u2013 0.00<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\">Chromium (Cr)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">0.18 \u2013 0.28<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\">Manganese (Mn)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">0.00 \u2013 0.30<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\">Magnesium (Mg)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">2.10 \u2013 2.90<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\">Copper (Cu)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">1.20 \u2013 2.00<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\">Lead (Pb)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">0.00 &#8211; 0.00<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\">Titanium (Ti)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">0.00 \u2013 0.20<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\">Iron (Fe)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">0.00 \u2013 0.50<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\">Zinc (Zn)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">5.10 \u2013 6.10<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\">Nickel (Ni)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">0.00 \u2013 0.00<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\">Aluminium (Al)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">Balance<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\">Titanium + Zirconium (Ti+Zr)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">0.00 &#8211; 0.25<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"border:1px solid #d7dfe4;background:#ffffff;margin:24px 0 18px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\">\n<div style=\"background:#DD3333;color:#ffffff;font-size:13px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.04em;text-transform:uppercase;padding:10px 12px;line-height:1.35;\">Physical Properties<\/div>\n<p><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<table style=\"border-collapse:collapse;width:100%;font-size:15px;line-height:1.5;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\">Density<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">2.81 g\/cm\u00b3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\">Melting Temperature<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">477 \u00b0C<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\">Coefficient of Thermal Expansion<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">23 x 10^-6 \/K<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\">Modulus of Elasticity<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">72 GPa<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\">Heat Capacity<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">155 W\/m.K<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\">Electrical Conductivity<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">33% IACS<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"border:1px solid #d7dfe4;background:#ffffff;margin:24px 0 18px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\">\n<div style=\"background:#DD3333;color:#ffffff;font-size:13px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.04em;text-transform:uppercase;padding:10px 12px;line-height:1.35;\">Mechanical Properties<\/div>\n<p><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<table style=\"border-collapse:collapse;width:100%;font-size:15px;line-height:1.5;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\">Yield Strength<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">410 MPa<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\">Tensile Strength<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">510 MPa<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\">Shear Strength<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">300 MPa<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\">Elongation<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">8%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\">Elastisite<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">72 GPa<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"dm-std\" style=\"border:1px solid #d7dfe4;background:#ffffff;margin:24px 0 18px;\">\n<div style=\"background:#DD3333;color:#ffffff;font-size:13px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.04em;text-transform:uppercase;padding:10px 12px;line-height:1.35;\">Standards and Equivalents \u00b7 EN AW 7075<\/div>\n<div data-dmtw=\"1\" style=\"position:relative;overflow:hidden;\"><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"position:relative;z-index:2;overflow-x:auto;\">\n<table style=\"border-collapse:collapse;width:100%;font-size:15px;line-height:1.5;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\">Trade name<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">EN AW 7075<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\">AMS<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">4078 \u00b7 4124<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\">ASTM<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">B209 \u00b7 B211<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\">Available forms<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">Round bar \u00b7 Flat bar \u00b7 Plate \u00b7 Sheet \u00b7 Tube \u00b7 Forgings<br \/><span style=\"font-size:13px;color:#6b7a84;\">All forms are supplied to order.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><!-- dm-zengin --><\/p>\n<h4 id=\"dm-b0\" style=\"font-size:19px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;margin:30px 0 10px;line-height:1.35;\">What EN AW-7075 Is \u2014 and Why the T6 \/ T73 Difference Is Everything<\/h4>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 12px;font-size:15px;line-height:1.75;\">EN AW-7075 (chemical symbol <b>EN AW-AlZn5.5MgCu<\/b> \/ W.Nr. <b>3.4365<\/b> \/ AA <b>7075<\/b> \/ UNS <b>A97075<\/b> \/ old DIN name <b>AlZnMgCu1.5<\/b>) is <b>the standard member of aluminium&#8217;s highest-strength commercial family<\/b>. Its nominal composition is <b>5.1-6.1 % Zn<\/b>, <b>2.1-2.9 % Mg<\/b>, <b>1.2-2.0 % Cu<\/b> and <b>0.18-0.28 % Cr<\/b>. In the T651 temper the measured typical tensile strength is <b>572 N\/mm\u00b2<\/b> with a proof stress of <b>503 N\/mm\u00b2<\/b> \u2014 <b>in the band of structural steel at one third of steel&#8217;s density<\/b>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 12px;font-size:15px;line-height:1.75;\"><b>But those numbers are not the real subject of this page. The real subject is this:<\/b> 7075 is one of the rare engineering materials that is <b>deliberately weakened because it is susceptible to stress corrosion cracking (SCC)<\/b>. <b>The T73 temper was invented to eliminate a failure mode by knowingly giving up about 10-15 % of the strength.<\/b> <b>That is the single most important thing to know about 7075, and most datasheets either never say it or mix T6 and T73 in the same row.<\/b><\/p>\n<div style=\"border:1px solid #d7dfe4;background:#ffffff;margin:24px 0 18px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\">\n<div style=\"background:#DD3333;color:#ffffff;font-size:13px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.04em;text-transform:uppercase;padding:10px 12px;line-height:1.35;\">Three Temper Families \u00b7 One Alloy, Three Different Material Behaviours<\/div>\n<p><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<table style=\"border-collapse:collapse;width:100%;font-size:15px;line-height:1.5;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>T6 \u00b7 T651<\/b><br \/>(peak aged)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>Solution heat treated and aged to PEAK strength.<\/b> Typical: Rm <b>572<\/b>, Rp0.2 <b>503 N\/mm\u00b2<\/b>, A <b>11 %<\/b>, <b>150 HB<\/b>. Minimum (bar \u2264100 mm): Rm <b>531<\/b>, Rp0.2 <b>455 N\/mm\u00b2<\/b>, A <b>7 %<\/b>. Electrical conductivity <b>32-35 % IACS<\/b>.<br \/><b>LOW RESISTANCE TO STRESS CORROSION CRACKING.<\/b> NASA MSFC-STD-3029 <b>Table III<\/b> \u2014 meaning <b>failures DO occur within 30 days at 50 % of the yield strength<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\"><b>T73 \u00b7 T7351<\/b><br \/>(overaged)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\"><b>Solution heat treated and aged BEYOND peak in a two-stage cycle.<\/b> Typical: Rm <b>503<\/b>, Rp0.2 <b>434 N\/mm\u00b2<\/b>, A <b>13 %<\/b>. Minimum (bar \u2264100 mm): Rm <b>469<\/b>, Rp0.2 <b>386 N\/mm\u00b2<\/b>, A <b>10 %<\/b>. Electrical conductivity <b>38-42 % IACS<\/b>.<br \/><b>HIGH RESISTANCE TO STRESS CORROSION CRACKING.<\/b> NASA MSFC-STD-3029 <b>Table I<\/b> \u2014 <b>no failures in 30 days at 75 % of yield<\/b>.<br \/><b>The price: about 14 % of the proof stress. The gain: the complete removal of a failure mode.<\/b> And <b>elongation rises<\/b> (11 % \u2192 13 %)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>T76 \u00b7 T7651<\/b><br \/>(intermediate overage)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>A deliberate compromise between T6 and T73.<\/b> It was developed primarily against <b>exfoliation corrosion<\/b>. <b>Less strength loss than T73, less SCC resistance than T73.<\/b> NASA MSFC-STD-3029 also places <b>T76 and T7651 in Table I (high resistance)<\/b>. <b>No verified numerical mechanical values and no verified ageing cycle for T76 are given on this page<\/b> \u2014 take them from the specification<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<p style=\"margin:18px 0 6px;font-size:15px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;line-height:1.5;\">Why overageing stops stress corrosion cracking<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 12px;font-size:15px;line-height:1.75;\"><b>The strength of 7075 comes from finely dispersed \u03b7\u2032 and \u03b7 (MgZn\u2082) precipitates in the matrix.<\/b> At peak ageing (T6) these precipitates are <b>very fine and sit as a continuous string along the grain boundaries<\/b>. That continuous string forms an <b>anodic crack path<\/b> in a chloride environment under tensile stress; hydrogen transport to the grain boundary is added on top, and the result is <b>intergranular stress corrosion cracking<\/b>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 12px;font-size:15px;line-height:1.75;\"><b>What T73 does is break up that continuous string.<\/b> In the two-stage overageing cycle the grain-boundary precipitates <b>coarsen and separate<\/b>, and at the same time the <b>precipitate-free zone (PFZ) on either side of the boundary widens<\/b>. The result: <b>the anodic path is no longer continuous<\/b> and the crack cannot advance. Because the matrix precipitates coarsen too, <b>strength falls<\/b> \u2014 two faces of one coin, and <b>you cannot have one without giving up the other<\/b>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 12px;font-size:15px;line-height:1.75;\"><b>The measurable evidence is electrical conductivity.<\/b> As the precipitates coarsen, less alloying element remains in solid solution and conductivity <b>rises<\/b>: <b>32-35 % IACS in T6, 38-42 % IACS in T73<\/b>. <b>This is why correct overageing in 7075 is verified by measuring hardness and conductivity together.<\/b> Hardness alone is not enough \u2014 <b>an under-overaged part can be as hard as T6 and as crack-prone as T6<\/b>.<\/p>\n<div style=\"border:1px solid #d7dfe4;background:#ffffff;margin:24px 0 18px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\">\n<div style=\"background:#DD3333;color:#ffffff;font-size:13px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.04em;text-transform:uppercase;padding:10px 12px;line-height:1.35;\">Honest Comparison Against the Sister Alloys<\/div>\n<p><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<table style=\"border-collapse:collapse;width:100%;font-size:15px;line-height:1.5;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>EN AW-7075<\/b><br \/>(AlZn5.5MgCu \/ 3.4365)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">T651 typical <b>572 \/ 503 N\/mm\u00b2<\/b>. <b>Strong side:<\/b> the best strength-to-weight ratio in thin and medium sections, a broad specification base (AMS, ASTM, QQ-A), and a proven SCC solution in T73. <b>Weak side:<\/b> <b>not weldable<\/b>, <b>SCC-susceptible in T6<\/b>, low corrosion resistance, <b>high quench sensitivity<\/b> (the core of a heavy section is weak), and <b>not suitable for food contact<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\"><b>7050<\/b><br \/>(AlZn6CuMgZr)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\"><b>ZIRCONIUM instead of chromium, and more copper.<\/b> Zr dispersoids offer far fewer nucleation sites during the quench than Cr dispersoids; the result is that <b>7050 is markedly less quench sensitive<\/b>. The practical meaning: <b>in heavy plate (roughly 75-150 mm) 7050 retains the strength, fracture toughness and SCC resistance that 7075 loses<\/b>. Its standard temper is <b>T7451<\/b>. <b>In thin sections 7075 is more economical; in heavy sections 7050 is the right answer<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>2024<\/b><br \/>(AlCu4Mg1)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">The Al-Cu-Mg family. <b>Lower strength than 7075, better damage tolerance and slower fatigue crack growth.<\/b> The aerospace division of labour is classic: <b>2024 where the loading is tensile and damage tolerance is critical (fuselage skin, lower wing); 7075 where the loading is compressive and strength is critical (upper wing skin, spars)<\/b>. <b>2024-T3 and T4 are also in Table III of NASA MSFC-STD-3029<\/b> \u2014 they too are SCC-susceptible; <b>the 2024 T8 tempers move up to Tables I\/II<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\"><b>EN AW-2017A<\/b><br \/>(AlCu4MgSi(A))<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">The classic <b>rivet alloy<\/b>. 7075 is not used as a rivet; 7075 is <b>the material being riveted<\/b>, not the rivet. See <a href=\"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/en\/en-aw-2017a\/\">EN AW-2017A<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>EN AW-6082<\/b><br \/>(AlSi1MgMn \/ 3.2315)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">T6 <b>310 \/ 260 N\/mm\u00b2<\/b> \u2014 about half of 7075. <b>In exchange it welds, resists corrosion, is food-safe and has no SCC problem.<\/b> See <a href=\"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/en\/en-aw-6082\/\">EN AW-6082<\/a>. <b>Before jumping from 6082 to 7075 for &#8220;stronger aluminium&#8221;, ask the welding and corrosion questions<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<h4 id=\"dm-b1\" style=\"font-size:19px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;margin:30px 0 10px;line-height:1.35;\">Standards by Product Form<\/h4>\n<p><!-- dm-diy-std --><\/p>\n<div style=\"border:1px solid #e3e9ec;margin:22px 0 26px;background:#fff;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\">\n<div style=\"background:#12303f;color:#fff;padding:9px 14px;font-size:14px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.3px;position:relative;z-index:2;\">STANDARDS BY PRODUCT FORM<\/div>\n<div style=\"position:relative;z-index:2;\">\n<div style=\"padding:12px 12px 2px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\"><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"overflow-x:auto;position:relative;z-index:2;\">\n<table style=\"width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:13.5px;min-width:430px;background:transparent;\">\n<tr>\n<th style=\"padding:7px 9px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:#12303f;background:#F2F6F8;border:1px solid #eceff1;\">Product form<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding:7px 9px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:#12303f;background:#F2F6F8;border:1px solid #eceff1;\">Standards<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">Plate \u00b7 sheet (annealed or as fabricated)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\"><b style=\"font-size:16.5px;font-weight:800;color:#12303f;\">AMS 4044<\/b> (7075-O annealed or 7075-F) \u00b7 ASTM B209\/B209M \u00b7 EN 485-1\/-2\/-3\/-4<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">Plate \u00b7 sheet (PEAK AGED \u2014 T6 \/ T651)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\"><b style=\"font-size:16.5px;font-weight:800;color:#12303f;\">AMS 4045<\/b> (7075-T6 sheet, 7075-T651 plate; solution and precipitation heat treated) \u00b7 ASTM B209\/B209M \u00b7 EN 485-2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">Plate \u00b7 sheet (OVERAGED \u2014 T73 \/ T7351, for SCC resistance)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\"><b style=\"font-size:16.5px;font-weight:800;color:#12303f;\">AMS 4078<\/b> (7075-T73 sheet, 7075-T7351 plate; solution heat treated and OVERAGED) \u00b7 ASTM B209\/B209M \u00b7 EN 485-2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">Rolled or cold finished bar \u00b7 rod \u00b7 wire (OVERAGED)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\"><b style=\"font-size:16.5px;font-weight:800;color:#12303f;\">AMS 4124<\/b> (7075-T73 \/ T7351; stress relieved by stretching and overaged) \u00b7 AMS-QQ-A-225\/9 \u00b7 ASTM B211 \u00b7 EN 754-2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">Extruded rod \u00b7 profiles \u00b7 tube<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">AMS-QQ-A-200\/11 \u00b7 ASTM B221 \u00b7 EN 755-1 and EN 755-2 \u00b7 EN 755-3 to -9 (tolerances)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">Forgings and rolled rings (PEAK AGED \u2014 T6)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\"><b style=\"font-size:16.5px;font-weight:800;color:#12303f;\">AMS 4126<\/b> (7075-T6 die and hand forgings and rolled rings) \u00b7 AMS-A-22771 \u00b7 AMS QQ-A-367 \u00b7 EN 586-1\/-2\/-3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">Forgings (OVERAGED \u2014 T73)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\"><b style=\"font-size:16.5px;font-weight:800;color:#12303f;\">AMS 4141<\/b> (7075-T73 die forgings; solution and precipitation heat treated) \u00b7 EN 586-1\/-2\/-3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">Composition and temper (independent of form)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">EN 573-3 (chemical composition) \u00b7 EN 573-1 and EN 573-2 (designation system) \u00b7 EN 515 (temper designations)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"padding:6px 14px 12px;font-size:12px;color:#5b7180;line-height:1.7;border-top:1px solid #f0f3f5;position:relative;z-index:2;\">AMS numbers come first, ASTM second. AMS 4044 \/ 4045 \/ 4078 \/ 4124 \/ 4126 were each verified against SAE title records and all five are 7075, but they cover FIVE DIFFERENT TEMPERS AND FORMS. There are two separate AMS numbers for the same form and that is not an accident: AMS 4045 defines the peak aged product (T6\/T651) and AMS 4078 the overaged one (T73\/T7351). Writing 4045 for a part carrying SCC risk is a mistake. The same split exists for forgings: AMS 4126 = T6, AMS 4141 = T73. The other AMS numbers that appear on the Defence Metal product page (4046, 4048, 4049, 4122, 4123, 4131, 4147, 4154, 4166, 4167, 4168, 4169) were not individually verified against SAE records in this study and are not carried on this map.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><!-- \/dm-diy-std --><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 12px;font-size:15px;line-height:1.75;\"><b>7075 lives in two separate specification worlds \u2014 European (EN) and American (ASTM\/AMS\/QQ-A) \u2014 and the two give different numbers.<\/b> The aerospace side works mainly through <b>AMS<\/b>; the commercial side uses the <b>ASTM B<\/b> series; Europe uses <b>EN 485 \/ EN 755 \/ EN 754 \/ EN 586<\/b>. <b>The same part can have three different sets of minima.<\/b><\/p>\n<div style=\"border:1px solid #d7dfe4;background:#ffffff;margin:24px 0 18px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\">\n<div style=\"background:#DD3333;color:#ffffff;font-size:13px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.04em;text-transform:uppercase;padding:10px 12px;line-height:1.35;\">Standards by Product Form \u00b7 EN AW-7075 (3.4365 \/ A97075)<\/div>\n<p><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<table style=\"border-collapse:collapse;width:100%;font-size:15px;line-height:1.5;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>Sheet and plate (Europe)<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>EN 485-1\/-2\/-3\/-4.<\/b> Part 2 gives mechanical properties. <b>The T651 minima fall sharply with thickness<\/b> \u2014 see the mechanical table below<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\"><b>Sheet and plate (ASTM)<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\"><b>ASTM B209<\/b> \u2014 the general specification for aluminium sheet and plate<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>Sheet and plate (AMS, aerospace)<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>AMS 4044 \u00b7 4045 \u00b7 4046 \u00b7 4048 \u00b7 4049 \u00b7 4078<\/b> are cited for sheet and plate. <b>AMS 4048 = Alclad 7075-O<\/b>, <b>AMS 4049 = Alclad 7075-T6<\/b>. <b>These numbers come from a distributor listing; which temper and which thickness range each one covers could not be independently verified<\/b> \u2014 <b>confirm against the SAE AMS catalogue before ordering<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\"><b>Extruded bar, rod, profile and tube (Europe)<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\"><b>EN 755-1\/-2 plus the tolerance parts.<\/b> For press-extruded product in T6 up to 150 mm: <b>Rm 530 \/ Rp0.2 470 N\/mm\u00b2<\/b> (single-source European value)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>Extruded product (ASTM)<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>ASTM B221<\/b> \u2014 extruded bar, rod, wire, profile and tube<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\"><b>Bar and rod (ASTM)<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\"><b>ASTM B211<\/b> \u2014 rolled or cold finished bar, rod and wire<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>Bar \u00b7 rod \u00b7 wire (AMS)<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>AMS 4122 \u00b7 4123 \u00b7 4124<\/b> for bar; <b>AMS 4154 \u00b7 4166 \u00b7 4167 \u00b7 4168 \u00b7 4169<\/b> for extrusions; <b>AMS 4186 \u00b7 4187<\/b> for cold finished product. <b>The grade-to-temper matching could not be independently verified<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\"><b>Forgings (Europe)<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\"><b>EN 586-1\/-2\/-3.<\/b> Part 2 gives the mechanical properties of forged products<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>Forgings (AMS)<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>AMS 4126 \u00b7 4131 \u00b7 4141 \u00b7 4147<\/b> are cited for forgings. <b>The T73\/T7351 temper is common in aerospace forgings<\/b> \u2014 because of SCC. <b>The number-to-temper matching could not be independently verified<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\"><b>Military \/ legacy US specifications<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\"><b>QQ-A-250\/12, \/13, \/18, \/24, \/25, \/26<\/b> (sheet and plate) and <b>QQ-A-200\/11<\/b>, <b>QQ-A-225\/9<\/b> (extrusions and bar) are cited. <b>Most of these are cancelled and superseded by AMS specifications<\/b>; they still appear on legacy drawings<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>Cold drawn product (Europe)<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>EN 754-1\/-2<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\"><b>Designation \u00b7 temper \u00b7 chemistry<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\"><b>EN 573-1\/-2\/-3\/-4<\/b> (designation and chemistry) \u00b7 <b>EN 515<\/b> (temper designation \u2014 the source of the T6, T651, T73, T7351, T76 and T7651 definitions)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>Welding consumables<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>NONE \u2014 and their absence is deliberate.<\/b> No fusion welding consumable is made in 7075 composition, because <b>7075 is not joined by fusion welding<\/b>. See the welding section<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\"><b>ASME pressure equipment<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\"><b>NOT ACCEPTED.<\/b> 7075 does not appear as a pressure-boundary material in ASME II Part D, and there is no route by which it could: <b>a material that cannot be welded and is SCC-susceptible is not a candidate a pressure-vessel code would accept<\/b>. <b>There is no such thing as an ASME code temperature for 7075.<\/b> The aluminium alloys with ASME acceptance are grades such as 3003, 5083, 5454, 6061 and 6063 \u2014 <b>weldable and corrosion resistant<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>Food contact<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>NOT SUITABLE.<\/b> One European mill sheet explicitly marks 7075 as <b>not suitable for food contact<\/b>. The reason is the <b>1.2-2.0 % copper<\/b>. <b>Compare: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/en\/en-aw-6082\/\">6082<\/a> is suitable for the food industry per DIN EN 602<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<h4 id=\"dm-b2\" style=\"font-size:19px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;margin:30px 0 10px;line-height:1.35;\">Product Forms With NO Standard<\/h4>\n<div style=\"border:1px solid #d7dfe4;background:#ffffff;margin:24px 0 18px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\">\n<div style=\"background:#DD3333;color:#ffffff;font-size:13px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.04em;text-transform:uppercase;padding:10px 12px;line-height:1.35;\">Specification Gaps for EN AW-7075<\/div>\n<p><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<table style=\"border-collapse:collapse;width:100%;font-size:15px;line-height:1.5;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>Welding consumable<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>THE BIGGEST AND MOST IMPORTANT GAP.<\/b> There is <b>no welding wire<\/b> in 7075 composition under AWS A5.10 or EN ISO 18273. That is not an omission, it is an engineering decision: <b>7075 is not joined by fusion welding.<\/b> If someone asks for &#8220;7075 welding wire&#8221;, the honest answer is <b>&#8220;no such product exists, and none should&#8221;<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\"><b>ASME \/ pressure equipment<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\"><b>There is no code acceptance at all.<\/b> No code route exists for using 7075 as a pressure-boundary material. This is not a &#8220;not yet added&#8221; situation but <b>an exclusion arising from the nature of the material<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>Castings<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>7075 has no cast counterpart.<\/b> The Al-Zn-Mg-Cu composition is unsuited to casting (hot tearing, wide freezing range). Where a high-strength casting is needed, <b>AlSi7Mg \/ AlSi10Mg T6<\/b> or <b>AlCu4Ti<\/b> is used, and none of them reaches 7075 strength<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\"><b>Rivets<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\"><b>7075 is not a rivet alloy.<\/b> The classic rivet alloys are <b>2017A<\/b> and <b>2024<\/b> \u2014 see <a href=\"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/en\/en-aw-2017a\/\">EN AW-2017A<\/a>. (Some special aerospace rivets are based on 7178\/7050, but <b>7075 is not a standard rivet material<\/b>)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>Food and beverage contact products<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>Out of scope.<\/b> Unsuitable because of the copper content<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\"><b>Welded tube<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\"><b>None.<\/b> There can be no welded pipe in an alloy that cannot be welded. 7075 tubes are made by <b>seamless extrusion<\/b> or <b>cold drawing<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>Marine \/ outdoor structural use<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>Not a standards gap but an engineering exclusion.<\/b> Unprotected 7075 is not used as a structural material in marine environments or in outdoor atmosphere; <b>anodizing + primer + paint, or cladding, is mandatory<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<h4 id=\"dm-b3\" style=\"font-size:19px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;margin:30px 0 10px;line-height:1.35;\">Chemical Composition<\/h4>\n<div style=\"border:1px solid #d7dfe4;background:#ffffff;margin:24px 0 18px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\">\n<div style=\"background:#DD3333;color:#ffffff;font-size:13px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.04em;text-transform:uppercase;padding:10px 12px;line-height:1.35;\">EN AW-7075 \u00b7 Chemical Composition (EN 573-3 \/ AMS, mass %)<\/div>\n<p><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<table style=\"border-collapse:collapse;width:100%;font-size:15px;line-height:1.5;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>Zinc (Zn)<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>5.1-6.1 %<\/b> \u2014 the principal hardening element. With Mg it forms the <b>MgZn\u2082 (\u03b7)<\/b> precipitate and is the main source of the alloy&#8217;s strength<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\"><b>Magnesium (Mg)<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\"><b>2.1-2.9 %<\/b> \u2014 the second partner in MgZn\u2082<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>Copper (Cu)<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>1.2-2.0 % \u2014 THE TWO-FACED ELEMENT OF THE ALLOY.<\/b> Copper does three things: <b>(1) it raises strength and elevated-temperature stability<\/b>; <b>(2) it IMPROVES SCC resistance<\/b> \u2014 copper-free Al-Zn-Mg alloys (7005, 7020) actually behave worse in SCC; <b>(3) it BADLY degrades general corrosion resistance<\/b> and <b>makes the alloy unweldable<\/b>. <b>This one element is the source of everything strong and everything problematic about 7075<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\"><b>Chromium (Cr)<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\"><b>0.18-0.28 %<\/b> \u2014 it forms dispersoids, controls the grain structure and contributes to SCC resistance. <b>But it raises quench sensitivity severely.<\/b> <b>That is precisely why 7050 uses Zr instead of Cr<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>Iron (Fe)<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>\u22640.50 %<\/b> \u2014 it forms coarse intermetallics such as <b>Al\u2087Cu\u2082Fe<\/b>, which are <b>crack initiation sites for fatigue and fracture toughness<\/b>. The aerospace grades 7475 and 7050 raise toughness by lowering iron<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\"><b>Silicon (Si)<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\"><b>\u22640.40 %<\/b> \u2014 again forms coarse intermetallics; undesirable for toughness<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>Manganese (Mn)<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>\u22640.30 %<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\"><b>Titanium (Ti)<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\"><b>\u22640.20 %<\/b> \u2014 grain refiner<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>Others each \/ total<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>\u22640.05 % \/ \u22640.15 %<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\"><b>Aluminium<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\"><b>Remainder<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 12px;font-size:15px;line-height:1.75;\"><b>CONFLICT NOTICE \u2014 composition band.<\/b> A widely used encyclopaedia entry gives <b>5.6-6.1 % Zn, 2.1-2.5 % Mg, 1.2-1.6 % Cu<\/b> for 7075. <b>Those are NOT specification limits.<\/b> Producer datasheets and EN 573-3 give <b>5.1-6.1 % Zn, 2.1-2.9 % Mg, 1.2-2.0 % Cu<\/b> on both the European and the American side \u2014 a wider band. <b>The narrow band is most likely a TYPICAL composition range, or it belongs to a more tightly controlled variant such as 7175. Use the wide band when auditing a certificate; do not reject a heat by mistaking the narrow band for a specification limit.<\/b><\/p>\n<h4 id=\"dm-b4\" style=\"font-size:19px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;margin:30px 0 10px;line-height:1.35;\">Mechanical Properties<\/h4>\n<p><!-- dm-diy-sert --><\/p>\n<div style=\"border:1px solid #e3e9ec;margin:22px 0 26px;background:#fff;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\">\n<div style=\"background:#12303f;color:#fff;padding:9px 14px;font-size:14px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.3px;position:relative;z-index:2;\">STRENGTH VALUES<\/div>\n<div style=\"position:relative;z-index:2;\">\n<div style=\"padding:12px 10px 0;\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 740 802\" style=\"width:100%;height:auto;display:block;\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" role=\"img\"><rect x=\"16\" y=\"6\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"#12303f\"\/><text x=\"34\" y=\"16\" font-size=\"11.5\" fill=\"#12303f\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">Yield (MPa)<\/text><rect x=\"146\" y=\"6\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"#7fa8bd\"\/><text x=\"164\" y=\"16\" font-size=\"11.5\" fill=\"#12303f\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">Tensile (MPa)<\/text><text x=\"16\" y=\"44\" font-size=\"12.5\" font-weight=\"bold\" fill=\"#12303f\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">EN 485-2 \u00b7 T651 \u00b7 plate 1.5-3.0 mm<\/text><rect x=\"16\" y=\"50\" width=\"615.5\" height=\"15\" fill=\"#7fa8bd\"\/><text x=\"638.5\" y=\"62\" font-size=\"11.5\" fill=\"#5b7180\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">540<\/text><rect x=\"16\" y=\"68\" width=\"535.7\" height=\"15\" fill=\"#12303f\"\/><text x=\"558.7\" y=\"80\" font-size=\"11.5\" fill=\"#5b7180\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">470<\/text><text x=\"16\" y=\"108\" font-size=\"12.5\" font-weight=\"bold\" fill=\"#12303f\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">EN 485-2 \u00b7 T651 \u00b7 plate 3.0-6.0 mm<\/text><rect x=\"16\" y=\"114\" width=\"621.2\" height=\"15\" fill=\"#7fa8bd\"\/><text x=\"644.2\" y=\"126\" font-size=\"11.5\" fill=\"#5b7180\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">545<\/text><rect x=\"16\" y=\"132\" width=\"541.4\" height=\"15\" fill=\"#12303f\"\/><text x=\"564.4\" y=\"144\" font-size=\"11.5\" fill=\"#5b7180\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">475<\/text><text x=\"16\" y=\"172\" font-size=\"12.5\" font-weight=\"bold\" fill=\"#12303f\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">EN 485-2 \u00b7 T651 \u00b7 plate 6.0-12.5 mm<\/text><rect x=\"16\" y=\"178\" width=\"615.5\" height=\"15\" fill=\"#7fa8bd\"\/><text x=\"638.5\" y=\"190\" font-size=\"11.5\" fill=\"#5b7180\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">540<\/text><rect x=\"16\" y=\"196\" width=\"524.3\" height=\"15\" fill=\"#12303f\"\/><text x=\"547.3\" y=\"208\" font-size=\"11.5\" fill=\"#5b7180\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">460<\/text><text x=\"16\" y=\"236\" font-size=\"12.5\" font-weight=\"bold\" fill=\"#12303f\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">EN 485-2 \u00b7 T651 \u00b7 plate 25-50 mm<\/text><rect x=\"16\" y=\"242\" width=\"604.1\" height=\"15\" fill=\"#7fa8bd\"\/><text x=\"627.1\" y=\"254\" font-size=\"11.5\" fill=\"#5b7180\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">530<\/text><rect x=\"16\" y=\"260\" width=\"524.3\" height=\"15\" fill=\"#12303f\"\/><text x=\"547.3\" y=\"272\" font-size=\"11.5\" fill=\"#5b7180\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">460<\/text><text x=\"16\" y=\"300\" font-size=\"12.5\" font-weight=\"bold\" fill=\"#12303f\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">EN 485-2 \u00b7 T651 \u00b7 plate 100-120 mm<\/text><rect x=\"16\" y=\"306\" width=\"467.3\" height=\"15\" fill=\"#7fa8bd\"\/><text x=\"490.3\" y=\"318\" font-size=\"11.5\" fill=\"#5b7180\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">410<\/text><rect x=\"16\" y=\"324\" width=\"342.0\" height=\"15\" fill=\"#12303f\"\/><text x=\"365.0\" y=\"336\" font-size=\"11.5\" fill=\"#5b7180\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">300<\/text><text x=\"16\" y=\"364\" font-size=\"12.5\" font-weight=\"bold\" fill=\"#12303f\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">EN 485-2 \u00b7 T651 \u00b7 plate 200-300 mm<\/text><rect x=\"16\" y=\"370\" width=\"410.3\" height=\"15\" fill=\"#7fa8bd\"\/><text x=\"433.3\" y=\"382\" font-size=\"11.5\" fill=\"#5b7180\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">360<\/text><rect x=\"16\" y=\"388\" width=\"250.8\" height=\"15\" fill=\"#12303f\"\/><text x=\"273.8\" y=\"400\" font-size=\"11.5\" fill=\"#5b7180\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">220<\/text><text x=\"16\" y=\"428\" font-size=\"12.5\" font-weight=\"bold\" fill=\"#12303f\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">EN 755-2 \u00b7 T6 \/ T6510 \/ T6511 \u00b7 extruded rod up to 50 mm<\/text><rect x=\"16\" y=\"434\" width=\"649.7\" height=\"15\" fill=\"#7fa8bd\"\/><text x=\"672.7\" y=\"446\" font-size=\"11.5\" fill=\"#5b7180\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">570<\/text><rect x=\"16\" y=\"452\" width=\"575.6\" height=\"15\" fill=\"#12303f\"\/><text x=\"598.6\" y=\"464\" font-size=\"11.5\" fill=\"#5b7180\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">505<\/text><text x=\"16\" y=\"492\" font-size=\"12.5\" font-weight=\"bold\" fill=\"#12303f\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">EN 755-2 \u00b7 T73 \/ T73510 \/ T73511 \u00b7 extruded rod up to 25 mm<\/text><rect x=\"16\" y=\"498\" width=\"575.6\" height=\"15\" fill=\"#7fa8bd\"\/><text x=\"598.6\" y=\"510\" font-size=\"11.5\" fill=\"#5b7180\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">505<\/text><rect x=\"16\" y=\"516\" width=\"495.8\" height=\"15\" fill=\"#12303f\"\/><text x=\"518.8\" y=\"528\" font-size=\"11.5\" fill=\"#5b7180\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">435<\/text><text x=\"16\" y=\"556\" font-size=\"12.5\" font-weight=\"bold\" fill=\"#12303f\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">EN 754-2 \u00b7 T6 \u00b7 cold drawn tube, wall under 20 mm<\/text><rect x=\"16\" y=\"562\" width=\"615.5\" height=\"15\" fill=\"#7fa8bd\"\/><text x=\"638.5\" y=\"574\" font-size=\"11.5\" fill=\"#5b7180\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">540<\/text><rect x=\"16\" y=\"580\" width=\"552.8\" height=\"15\" fill=\"#12303f\"\/><text x=\"575.8\" y=\"592\" font-size=\"11.5\" fill=\"#5b7180\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">485<\/text><text x=\"16\" y=\"620\" font-size=\"12.5\" font-weight=\"bold\" fill=\"#12303f\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">EN 754-2 \u00b7 T73 \u00b7 cold drawn tube, wall under 20 mm<\/text><rect x=\"16\" y=\"626\" width=\"518.6\" height=\"15\" fill=\"#7fa8bd\"\/><text x=\"541.6\" y=\"638\" font-size=\"11.5\" fill=\"#5b7180\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">455<\/text><rect x=\"16\" y=\"644\" width=\"438.8\" height=\"15\" fill=\"#12303f\"\/><text x=\"461.8\" y=\"656\" font-size=\"11.5\" fill=\"#5b7180\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">385<\/text><text x=\"16\" y=\"684\" font-size=\"12.5\" font-weight=\"bold\" fill=\"#12303f\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">T6 \/ T651 bar \u2014 TYPICAL value (Kaiser)<\/text><rect x=\"16\" y=\"690\" width=\"652.0\" height=\"15\" fill=\"#7fa8bd\"\/><text x=\"675.0\" y=\"702\" font-size=\"11.5\" fill=\"#5b7180\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">572<\/text><rect x=\"16\" y=\"708\" width=\"573.3\" height=\"15\" fill=\"#12303f\"\/><text x=\"596.3\" y=\"720\" font-size=\"11.5\" fill=\"#5b7180\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">503<\/text><text x=\"16\" y=\"748\" font-size=\"12.5\" font-weight=\"bold\" fill=\"#12303f\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">T73 \/ T7351 bar \u2014 TYPICAL value (Kaiser)<\/text><rect x=\"16\" y=\"754\" width=\"573.3\" height=\"15\" fill=\"#7fa8bd\"\/><text x=\"596.3\" y=\"766\" font-size=\"11.5\" fill=\"#5b7180\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">503<\/text><rect x=\"16\" y=\"772\" width=\"494.7\" height=\"15\" fill=\"#12303f\"\/><text x=\"517.7\" y=\"784\" font-size=\"11.5\" fill=\"#5b7180\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">434<\/text><\/svg><\/div>\n<div style=\"padding:12px 12px 2px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\"><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"overflow-x:auto;position:relative;z-index:2;\">\n<table style=\"width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:13.5px;min-width:430px;background:transparent;\">\n<tr>\n<th style=\"padding:7px 9px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:#12303f;background:#F2F6F8;border:1px solid #eceff1;\">Condition<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding:7px 9px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:#12303f;background:#F2F6F8;border:1px solid #eceff1;\">Hardness<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding:7px 9px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:#12303f;background:#F2F6F8;border:1px solid #eceff1;\">Yield MPa<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding:7px 9px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:#12303f;background:#F2F6F8;border:1px solid #eceff1;\">Tensile MPa<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding:7px 9px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:#12303f;background:#F2F6F8;border:1px solid #eceff1;\">Elongation<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">EN 485-2 \u00b7 T651 \u00b7 plate 1.5-3.0 mm<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">\u2014<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">470<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">540<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">7 %<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">EN 485-2 \u00b7 T651 \u00b7 plate 3.0-6.0 mm<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">\u2014<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">475<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">545<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">8 %<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">EN 485-2 \u00b7 T651 \u00b7 plate 6.0-12.5 mm<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">\u2014<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">460<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">540<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">8 %<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">EN 485-2 \u00b7 T651 \u00b7 plate 25-50 mm<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">\u2014<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">460<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">530<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">5 %<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">EN 485-2 \u00b7 T651 \u00b7 plate 100-120 mm<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">\u2014<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">300<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">410<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">2 %<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">EN 485-2 \u00b7 T651 \u00b7 plate 200-300 mm<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">\u2014<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">220<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">360<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">1 %<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">EN 755-2 \u00b7 T6 \/ T6510 \/ T6511 \u00b7 extruded rod up to 50 mm<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">\u2014<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">505<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">570<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">8 % (A), 6 % (A50)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">EN 755-2 \u00b7 T73 \/ T73510 \/ T73511 \u00b7 extruded rod up to 25 mm<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">\u2014<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">435<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">505<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">9 % (A), 7 % (A50)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">EN 754-2 \u00b7 T6 \u00b7 cold drawn tube, wall under 20 mm<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">\u2014<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">485<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">540<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">7 %<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">EN 754-2 \u00b7 T73 \u00b7 cold drawn tube, wall under 20 mm<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">\u2014<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">385<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">455<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">10 %<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">T6 \/ T651 bar \u2014 TYPICAL value (Kaiser)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">\u2014<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">503<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">572<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">11 %<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">T73 \/ T7351 bar \u2014 TYPICAL value (Kaiser)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">\u2014<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">434<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">503<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">13 %<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"padding:6px 14px 12px;font-size:12px;color:#5b7180;line-height:1.7;border-top:1px solid #f0f3f5;position:relative;z-index:2;\"><b style=\"color:#12303f;\">The EN rows are SPECIFICATION MINIMA (EN 485-2 flat products, EN 755-2 extrusions, EN 754-2 cold drawn). The rows that follow are TYPICAL values from American product data sheets and must not be mixed with the minima. The T6\/T651 and T73\/T7351 rows should be read together: the gap between them is the price of overageing. Rockwell C is not measured on aluminium; hardness is given as Brinell (HB\/HBW).<\/b> No HRC is given: Rockwell C is not measured on aluminium. In the Kaiser typical values the price of moving from T6\/T651 to T73\/T7351 is a fall in proof strength from 503 MPa to 434 MPa, about 14 %; what is bought is resistance to stress corrosion cracking in the short transverse direction. The EN 485-2 minima fall sharply with thickness: Rp0.2 is 460 MPa at 6-12.5 mm, 300 MPa at 100-120 mm and 220 MPa at 200-300 mm. For heavy plate the ordered thickness band must be read, not the headline figure. The EN 755-2 extrusion values come from SEPARATE tables for rod, tube and profile and are not equal; the rod rows are given here.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><!-- \/dm-diy-sert --><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 12px;font-size:15px;line-height:1.75;\"><b>In 7075 the gap between &#8220;minimum&#8221; and &#8220;typical&#8221; is more dangerous than in other alloys, because two specification worlds circulate at the same time.<\/b> The three are given separately below: <b>American typical<\/b>, <b>American minimum<\/b> and <b>European (EN 485-2) minimum<\/b>.<\/p>\n<div style=\"border:1px solid #d7dfe4;background:#ffffff;margin:24px 0 18px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\">\n<div style=\"background:#DD3333;color:#ffffff;font-size:13px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.04em;text-transform:uppercase;padding:10px 12px;line-height:1.35;\">BAR and ROD \u00b7 Producer TYPICAL Values (measured, not minima)<\/div>\n<p><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<table style=\"border-collapse:collapse;width:100%;font-size:15px;line-height:1.5;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>O (annealed)<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">Rm <b>228<\/b> \u00b7 Rp0.2 <b>103 N\/mm\u00b2<\/b> \u00b7 A <b>17 %<\/b> \u00b7 Shear <b>152<\/b> \u00b7 Fatigue <b>71 N\/mm\u00b2<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\"><b>T6 \u00b7 T651<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">Rm <b>572<\/b> \u00b7 Rp0.2 <b>503 N\/mm\u00b2<\/b> \u00b7 A <b>11 %<\/b> \u00b7 Shear <b>331<\/b> \u00b7 Fatigue <b>158 N\/mm\u00b2<\/b> \u00b7 <b>150 HB<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>T73 \u00b7 T7351<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">Rm <b>503<\/b> \u00b7 Rp0.2 <b>434 N\/mm\u00b2<\/b> \u00b7 A <b>13 %<\/b> \u00b7 Shear <b>303<\/b> \u00b7 Fatigue <b>158 N\/mm\u00b2<\/b> \u00b7 <b>144 HB<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\"><b>Three things to read<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\"><b>1.<\/b> Going T6 \u2192 T73, <b>the proof stress falls from 503 to 434, that is 13.7 %<\/b>; tensile falls <b>12.1 %<\/b>.<br \/><b>2.<\/b> But <b>elongation RISES<\/b> (11 % \u2192 13 %) \u2014 overageing makes the material <b>more ductile<\/b>.<br \/><b>3.<\/b> <b>The fatigue strength DOES NOT CHANGE (158 N\/mm\u00b2).<\/b> That matters greatly: <b>on a cyclically loaded part, moving to T73 can be treated as free in fatigue terms<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"border:1px solid #d7dfe4;background:#ffffff;margin:24px 0 18px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\">\n<div style=\"background:#DD3333;color:#ffffff;font-size:13px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.04em;text-transform:uppercase;padding:10px 12px;line-height:1.35;\">BAR and ROD \u00b7 American MINIMUM Values (\u2264100 mm)<\/div>\n<p><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<table style=\"border-collapse:collapse;width:100%;font-size:15px;line-height:1.5;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>T6 \u00b7 T651<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">Rm <b>\u2265531 N\/mm\u00b2<\/b> (77 ksi) \u00b7 Rp0.2 <b>\u2265455 N\/mm\u00b2<\/b> (66 ksi) \u00b7 A <b>\u22657 %<\/b> \u00b7 <b>150 HB<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\"><b>T73 \u00b7 T7351<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">Rm <b>\u2265469 N\/mm\u00b2<\/b> (68 ksi) \u00b7 Rp0.2 <b>\u2265386 N\/mm\u00b2<\/b> (56 ksi) \u00b7 A <b>\u226510 %<\/b> \u00b7 <b>130 HB<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>CONFLICT \u2014 T73 hardness<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>One producer gives 130 HB for T73\/T7351, another gives 144 HB.<\/b> That is not a small gap and it matters if hardness is used as an acceptance criterion. <b>Do not make hardness the sole acceptance criterion; use it together with conductivity<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"border:1px solid #d7dfe4;background:#ffffff;margin:24px 0 18px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\">\n<div style=\"background:#DD3333;color:#ffffff;font-size:13px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.04em;text-transform:uppercase;padding:10px 12px;line-height:1.35;\">SHEET and PLATE \u00b7 EN 485-2, T651 MINIMA (Europe)<\/div>\n<p><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<table style=\"border-collapse:collapse;width:100%;font-size:15px;line-height:1.5;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\">Thickness <b>6.0-12.5 mm<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">Rm <b>\u2265540 N\/mm\u00b2<\/b> \u00b7 Rp0.2 <b>\u2265460 N\/mm\u00b2<\/b> \u00b7 A <b>8 %<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\">Thickness <b>12.5-25.0 mm<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">Rm <b>\u2265540<\/b> \u00b7 Rp0.2 <b>\u2265470<\/b> \u00b7 A <b>6 %<\/b> \u00b7 <b>161 HBS<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\">Thickness <b>\u2265120 mm<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">Rm <b>\u2265360<\/b> \u00b7 Rp0.2 <b>\u2265260 N\/mm\u00b2<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\"><b>Extruded product T6<\/b> \u00b7 \u2264150 mm<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">Rm <b>\u2265530<\/b> \u00b7 Rp0.2 <b>\u2265470 N\/mm\u00b2<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>WARNING \u2014 the thickness collapse<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>At 120 mm and above the tensile minimum falls from 540 to 360 N\/mm\u00b2 and the proof stress from 470 to 260 N\/mm\u00b2.<\/b> That is a <b>45 % loss in proof stress<\/b>. <b>It is the most striking indicator of quench sensitivity there is<\/b> and on its own it explains why 7050 exists<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 12px;font-size:15px;line-height:1.75;\"><b>MIND THE GAP BETWEEN THE TWO WORLDS.<\/b> On the European side, T651 plate carries minima of <b>Rm \u2265540 \/ Rp0.2 \u2265460-470<\/b>, while American producer tables give <b>572 \/ 503<\/b> as <b>typical<\/b> and <b>531 \/ 455<\/b> as <b>minimum<\/b>. <b>These three sets do not contradict each other \u2014 they are different things:<\/b> one is the European standard minimum, one the American specification minimum, one a measured typical. <b>Document which source you calculated from, and when auditing a certificate check which specification the material was ordered to.<\/b><\/p>\n<h4 id=\"dm-b5\" style=\"font-size:19px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;margin:30px 0 10px;line-height:1.35;\">Physical Properties<\/h4>\n<div style=\"border:1px solid #d7dfe4;background:#ffffff;margin:24px 0 18px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\">\n<div style=\"background:#DD3333;color:#ffffff;font-size:13px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.04em;text-transform:uppercase;padding:10px 12px;line-height:1.35;\">EN AW-7075 \u00b7 Physical Properties<\/div>\n<p><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<table style=\"border-collapse:collapse;width:100%;font-size:15px;line-height:1.5;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\">Density<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>2.80 g\/cm\u00b3<\/b> (one source 2.81) \u2014 <b>higher than the 2.70 of the 6xxx family<\/b>; zinc and copper are heavy elements<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\">Modulus of elasticity (E)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\"><b>71.0 GPa<\/b> (one producer) \u00b7 <b>70.0 GPa<\/b> (a European mill) \u00b7 <b>71.7 GPa<\/b> (a third source). <b>CONFLICT \u2014 but negligible in design<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>Melting range<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>532-635 \u00b0C<\/b> (one producer) \u00b7 <b>480-640 \u00b0C<\/b> (a European mill). <b>CONFLICT, and this conflict MATTERS.<\/b> The low figure (480 \u00b0C) is most likely the <b>non-equilibrium eutectic (incipient) melting point<\/b> \u2014 and <b>that is precisely why solution treatment is carried out at 466 \u00b1 6 \u00b0C, with almost no safety margin<\/b>. <b>Furnace deviation is not acceptable in 7075 heat treatment.<\/b> The <b>wide freezing range is also the source of the hot-cracking susceptibility<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\">Thermal conductivity<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\"><b>130-160 W\/m\u00b7K<\/b> (a European mill) \u00b7 <b>130-150 W\/m\u00b7K<\/b> (another source). <b>Clearly below the 170-220 band of 6082 and the 200-220 band of 6060<\/b> \u2014 <b>7075 is not a good heat-sink material<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>Electrical conductivity<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>T6: 32-35 % IACS \u00b7 T73: 38-42 % IACS.<\/b> One producer gives flatly <b>33 % IACS for T6 and 40 % for T73<\/b>; a European mill gives <b>19-23 MS\/m<\/b>, which corresponds to <b>33-40 % IACS<\/b> \u2014 <b>three sources corroborate each other<\/b>. <b>This is the most important physical property on the page: it is how the correctness of the temper is verified<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\">Coefficient of thermal expansion<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\"><b>13.1 \u00d7 10\u207b\u2076 in\/in\/\u00b0F<\/b> (over the 20-100 \u00b0C band) \u2014 about <b>23.6 \u00d7 10\u207b\u2076 K\u207b\u00b9<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\">Shear strength<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>T6\/T651: 331 N\/mm\u00b2 \u00b7 T73\/T7351: 303 N\/mm\u00b2<\/b> (typical)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\">Fatigue strength<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\"><b>Identical for T6\/T651 and T73\/T7351: 158 N\/mm\u00b2<\/b> (typical). <b>That overageing does not harm fatigue is the least known advantage of T73<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<h4 id=\"dm-b6\" style=\"font-size:19px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;margin:30px 0 10px;line-height:1.35;\">Heat Treatment \u2014 and Why There Is No Tolerance At All<\/h4>\n<p><!-- dm-diy-isil --><\/p>\n<div style=\"border:1px solid #e3e9ec;margin:22px 0 26px;background:#fff;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\">\n<div style=\"background:#12303f;color:#fff;padding:9px 14px;font-size:14px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.3px;position:relative;z-index:2;\">HEAT TREATMENT \u2014 SCHEMATIC<\/div>\n<div style=\"position:relative;z-index:2;\">\n<div style=\"padding:14px 12px 4px;display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:10px;align-items:stretch;\">\n<div style=\"flex:1 1 180px;min-width:150px;background:#12303f;color:#fff;padding:12px 14px;\">\n<div style=\"font-size:12.5px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.06em;line-height:1.35;\">1 \u00b7 SOLUTION TREATMENT<\/div>\n<div style=\"font-size:12.5px;line-height:1.5;margin-top:4px;opacity:.88;\">470-480 \u00b0C (BIKAR). A peer-reviewed study (Revista de Metalurgia 2023) used a 1 hour hold at 480 \u00b0C followed by an ice water quench.<br \/>Producer data sheets give no soak time; the peer-reviewed study used 1 hour. No common time could be verified across four independent sources.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"flex:1 1 180px;min-width:150px;background:#c0392b;color:#fff;padding:12px 14px;\">\n<div style=\"font-size:12.5px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.06em;line-height:1.35;\">2 \u00b7 COOL<\/div>\n<div style=\"font-size:12.5px;line-height:1.5;margin-top:4px;opacity:.88;\">WATER quench. The quench rate is critical; slow cooling causes grain boundary precipitation and lowers both strength and SCC resistance.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"flex:1 1 180px;min-width:150px;background:#1b7f4b;color:#fff;padding:12px 14px;\">\n<div style=\"font-size:12.5px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.06em;line-height:1.35;\">3 \u00b7 AGEING<\/div>\n<div style=\"font-size:12.5px;line-height:1.5;margin-top:4px;opacity:.88;\">see the table below<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"padding:6px 10px 0;\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 740 148\" style=\"width:100%;height:auto;display:block;\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" role=\"img\"><line x1=\"70\" y1=\"68\" x2=\"690\" y2=\"68\" stroke=\"#9fb0ba\" stroke-width=\"2\"\/><line x1=\"70.0\" y1=\"68\" x2=\"70.0\" y2=\"42\" stroke=\"#c7d2d9\" stroke-width=\"1.5\"\/><circle cx=\"70.0\" cy=\"68\" r=\"5\" fill=\"#12303f\"\/><text x=\"70.0\" y=\"34\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-size=\"12.5\" font-weight=\"bold\" fill=\"#12303f\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">T6 \/ T651<\/text><text x=\"70.0\" y=\"19\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-size=\"11.5\" fill=\"#5b7180\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">125 \u00b0C<\/text><line x1=\"70.0\" y1=\"68\" x2=\"70.0\" y2=\"94\" stroke=\"#c7d2d9\" stroke-width=\"1.5\"\/><circle cx=\"70.0\" cy=\"68\" r=\"5\" fill=\"#12303f\"\/><text x=\"70.0\" y=\"102\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-size=\"12.5\" font-weight=\"bold\" fill=\"#12303f\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">T73 \/ T7351<\/text><text x=\"70.0\" y=\"117\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-size=\"11.5\" fill=\"#5b7180\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">125 \u00b0C<\/text><text x=\"370\" y=\"142\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-size=\"11.5\" font-weight=\"bold\" fill=\"#12303f\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">Ageing temperature (\u00b0C)<\/text><\/svg><\/div>\n<div style=\"padding:10px 12px 2px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\"><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"position:relative;z-index:2;\">\n<div style=\"font-size:13.5px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;margin:6px 0 6px;\">Solution treatment<\/div>\n<table style=\"width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:13.5px;background:transparent;\">\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Temperature<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">470-480 \u00b0C (BIKAR). A peer-reviewed study (Revista de Metalurgia 2023) used a 1 hour hold at 480 \u00b0C followed by an ice water quench.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Time<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">Producer data sheets give no soak time; the peer-reviewed study used 1 hour. No common time could be verified across four independent sources.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Cooling<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">WATER quench. The quench rate is critical; slow cooling causes grain boundary precipitation and lowers both strength and SCC resistance.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"padding:10px 12px 2px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\"><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"position:relative;z-index:2;\">\n<div style=\"font-size:13.5px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;margin:6px 0 6px;\">T6 \/ T651 \u2014 PEAK AGED, SINGLE STAGE artificial ageing<\/div>\n<table style=\"width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:13.5px;background:transparent;\">\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Step<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">T6 \/ T651 \u2014 PEAK AGED, SINGLE STAGE artificial ageing<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Temperature<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">110-125 \u00b0C (BIKAR first stage band)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Time<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">12-24 hours (BIKAR)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Cooling<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">In air<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Note<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">The condition of maximum strength. T651 is plate that has been stress relieved by STRETCHING to a permanent set of 0.5-3 % after quenching and then aged. EN 485-2 T651 plate 6-12.5 mm: Rp0.2 min 460 MPa, Rm min 540 MPa. In the Kaiser classification the SCC rating is &#8216;C&#8217; (service failures reported in the short transverse direction).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"padding:10px 12px 2px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\"><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"position:relative;z-index:2;\">\n<div style=\"font-size:13.5px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;margin:6px 0 6px;\">T73 \/ T7351 \u2014 OVERAGEING, TWO STAGE<\/div>\n<table style=\"width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:13.5px;background:transparent;\">\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Step<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">T73 \/ T7351 \u2014 OVERAGEING, TWO STAGE<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Temperature<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">first stage 110-125 \u00b0C, second stage 165-180 \u00b0C (BIKAR)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Time<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">first stage 12-24 hours, second stage 4-6 hours (BIKAR)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Cooling<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">In air<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Note<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">The first stage brings the material close to peak hardness; THE SECOND STAGE is carried out at a higher temperature and coarsens the eta&#8217; precipitates, taking the material PAST PEAK HARDNESS. Strength is deliberately lowered and resistance to stress corrosion cracking is gained in exchange. T7351 is in addition stress relieved by stretching. In the Kaiser rod and bar table T73\/T7351 gives 434 MPa yield \/ 503 MPa tensile (against 503 \/ 572 MPa for T6\/T651). SAE titles AMS 4078 explicitly &#8216;Solution Heat Treated and Overaged&#8217;.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"padding:10px 12px 2px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\"><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"position:relative;z-index:2;\">\n<div style=\"font-size:13.5px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;margin:6px 0 6px;\">THE METALLURGY OF OVERAGEING<\/div>\n<table style=\"width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:13.5px;background:transparent;\">\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Step<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">THE METALLURGY OF OVERAGEING<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Temperature<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">Temperatures above peak hardness<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Time<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">\u2014<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Cooling<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">\u2014<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Note<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">In a peer-reviewed measurement (Revista de Metalurgia 2023) the hardness of EN AW-7075 peaks at 150 \u00b0C \/ 30 minutes (158 \u00b1 5 HV15) and falls above 160 \u00b0C; the fall is attributed to &#8216;the gradual disappearance of GP zones and the coarsening of the eta&#8217; precipitates&#8217;. Over the same overageing the electrical conductivity rises and reaches its maximum at 240 \u00b0C. That coarsening is exactly what the T73 treatment is after; coarse, well separated precipitates make hydrogen assisted crack propagation along the grain boundary harder.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"padding:10px 12px 2px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\"><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"position:relative;z-index:2;\">\n<div style=\"font-size:13.5px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;margin:6px 0 6px;\">AFTER WELDING \u2014 not applicable<\/div>\n<table style=\"width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:13.5px;background:transparent;\">\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Step<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">AFTER WELDING \u2014 not applicable<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Temperature<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">Not applicable<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Time<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">\u2014<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Cooling<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">\u2014<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Note<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">Since the alloy is not suitable for fusion welding, post-weld heat treatment does not arise.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"padding:10px 12px 2px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\"><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"position:relative;z-index:2;\">\n<div style=\"font-size:13.5px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;margin:6px 0 6px;\">Additional information<\/div>\n<table style=\"width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:13.5px;background:transparent;\">\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Yumusatma tavi<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">380-420 \u00b0C, 2-3 hours heating, controlled cooling at max 30 \u00b0C per hour down to 230 \u00b0C, then a 3-5 hour hold at 230 \u00b0C (BIKAR). This gives the O temper.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"padding:6px 14px 12px;font-size:12px;color:#5b7180;line-height:1.7;border-top:1px solid #f0f3f5;position:relative;z-index:2;\">THIS ALLOY IS PRECIPITATION HARDENING. The cycle is: solution treatment \u2192 water quench \u2192 artificial ageing. Hardening comes from MgZn2 (eta&#8217;) precipitation. IMPORTANT: 7075 has TWO DIFFERENT AGEING TARGETS. T6\/T651 aims at PEAK HARDNESS. T73\/T7351 is OVERAGEING: the eta&#8217; precipitates are deliberately coarsened, strength is lowered and resistance to stress corrosion cracking is gained in exchange. T73\/T7351 is a TWO-STAGE ageing treatment. The diagram is schematic, the time axis is NOT to scale, and no curve is drawn because no published TTT\/CCT curve was used. The difference between T6 and T73 is not the solution treatment but the AGEING TARGET: T6 is peak hardness, T73 is taken past peak hardness (overaged). The &#8217;51&#8217; in T651 and T7351 means stress relief by STRETCHING after quenching, so that heavy plate does not distort during machining; it does not change the strength class. The quench rate sets both the strength and the SCC resistance; because the core cooling rate is lower in heavy section, strength falls continuously above 80 mm. The diagram is schematic; the time axis is not to scale.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><!-- \/dm-diy-isil --><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:18px 0 6px;font-size:15px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;line-height:1.5;\">Solution treatment<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 12px;font-size:15px;line-height:1.75;\"><b>The published solution treatment is 466 \u00b0C \u00b1 6 \u00b0C (870 \u00b0F \u00b1 10 \u00b0F).<\/b> The time runs from <b>30 minutes to 2 hours<\/b> with section thickness; a typical approach is <b>about 30 minutes plus 15-30 minutes per additional inch of thickness<\/b>. <b>Furnace uniformity of \u00b1 10 \u00b0F (\u00b1 6 \u00b0C) is required, tightening to \u00b1 5 \u00b0F on aerospace work.<\/b><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 12px;font-size:15px;line-height:1.75;\"><b>Why is the tolerance this tight?<\/b> Because <b>the non-equilibrium eutectic melting point of 7075 sits around 477 \u00b0C<\/b> \u2014 only <b>eleven degrees<\/b> above the solution treatment temperature. The <b>480 \u00b0C solidus<\/b> given by a European mill sheet corroborates this. <b>If one spot in the furnace overshoots the target by ten degrees, local melting begins at the grain boundaries (incipient melting), and THAT DAMAGE IS IRREVERSIBLE:<\/b> even if the part is aged correctly afterwards, <b>ductility, toughness and fatigue life are permanently lost, and usually nothing is visible to the eye<\/b>. <b>In 7075 heat treatment, furnace survey work (of the AMS 2750 kind) is not a formality but a safety requirement.<\/b><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:18px 0 6px;font-size:15px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;line-height:1.5;\">The quench \u2014 the most critical step<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 12px;font-size:15px;line-height:1.75;\"><b>7075 is among the most quench-sensitive aluminium alloys there are.<\/b> The published practice:<br \/><b>\u00b7 Medium:<\/b> <b>cold water below 29 \u00b0C (85 \u00b0F) with vigorous agitation<\/b>.<br \/><b>\u00b7 Transfer time:<\/b> a limit of <b>about 15 seconds<\/b> from furnace to quench tank for heavy sections. <b>Exceed it and the part begins precipitating in air and cannot reach peak strength.<\/b><br \/><b>\u00b7 Critical cooling rate:<\/b> about <b>278 \u00b0C per second (500 \u00b0F\/s)<\/b> through the critical range of <b>399-288 \u00b0C (750-550 \u00b0F)<\/b>.<br \/><b>\u00b7 Polymer quenchants:<\/b> usable to reduce distortion but they carry a <b>5-10 % strength penalty<\/b> against cold water. <b>On a tight-tolerance part that is an engineering choice and it should appear on the certificate.<\/b><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 12px;font-size:15px;line-height:1.75;\"><b>The quench has two side effects and both are expensive.<\/b> The first is <b>distortion<\/b>. The second is <b>residual stress<\/b>: a rapidly quenched heavy plate carries compression at the surface and tension in the core. <b>The &#8220;51&#8221; suffix in the T651 and T7351 tempers is exactly the answer to that<\/b> \u2014 <b>controlled stretching<\/b> after the quench erases the residual stress. <b>If you will machine precision parts from heavy 7075 plate, a stretched temper (T651 \/ T7351) is mandatory, not a preference.<\/b><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:18px 0 6px;font-size:15px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;line-height:1.5;\">Ageing \u2014 the T6 and T73 cycles<\/p>\n<div style=\"border:1px solid #d7dfe4;background:#ffffff;margin:24px 0 18px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\">\n<div style=\"background:#DD3333;color:#ffffff;font-size:13px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.04em;text-transform:uppercase;padding:10px 12px;line-height:1.35;\">EN AW-7075 \u00b7 Ageing Cycles<\/div>\n<p><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<table style=\"border-collapse:collapse;width:100%;font-size:15px;line-height:1.5;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>T6 (peak)<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>121 \u00b0C \u00b1 6 \u00b0C (250 \u00b0F \u00b1 10 \u00b0F) for 24 hours.<\/b> Single stage. Result: peak strength, <b>32-35 % IACS<\/b> conductivity, 145-160 HB<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\"><b>T73 (overage)<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\"><b>A TWO-STAGE CYCLE.<\/b> The values given by one source: <b>stage 1 at 107 \u00b0C (225 \u00b0F) for about 8 hours<\/b>; <b>stage 2 at 163 \u00b0C (325 \u00b0F) for 8-10 hours<\/b>. Result: <b>10-15 % strength loss<\/b>, <b>38-42 % IACS<\/b> conductivity.<br \/><b>CONFLICT NOTICE:<\/b> classic literature also cites a <b>longer and hotter second stage<\/b> (in the region of 177 \u00b0C for times beyond 24 hours). <b>The cycle on this page is single-sourced and must not be used as a recipe.<\/b> <b>The T73 cycle is run to a heat-treatment specification (AMS 2772 for mill raw material; AMS 2770 for finished parts) and the plate producer&#8217;s own instructions<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>T76 (intermediate overage)<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>Between T6 and T73.<\/b> One source states: &#8220;<b>T76 offers SCC resistance better than T6 but not as good as T73, with less strength penalty than T73.<\/b>&#8221; <b>No verified cycle parameters were found<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\"><b>Acceptance verification<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\"><b>Conductivity and hardness are measured TOGETHER.<\/b> Hardness alone is insufficient for T73: <b>an under-overaged part can sit near T73 hardness but at T6 conductivity \u2014 and that part is still SCC-susceptible.<\/b> The acceptance criterion is always the pair <b>conductivity window + proof strength<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>Natural ageing (the W temper)<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">The unstable condition between quench and artificial ageing is called the <b>W temper<\/b>. <b>Natural ageing begins within a few hours of the quench<\/b> and continues; that is why <b>forming operations must follow the quench immediately<\/b>, and if they cannot, the part is held in a <b>freezer<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<p style=\"margin:18px 0 6px;font-size:15px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;line-height:1.5;\">Can 7075 be re-heat-treated<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 12px;font-size:15px;line-height:1.75;\"><b>Yes, but there is a price every time.<\/b> Taking a T73 part back to T6 requires <b>re-solution treatment, re-quenching and T6 ageing<\/b>. That carries three risks: <b>(1) renewed distortion and renewed residual stress<\/b> \u2014 and stretching is no longer possible, because the part has been machined; <b>(2) grain coarsening<\/b>; <b>(3) the risk of incipient melting at 466 \u00b0C<\/b>. <b>The other direction (T6 \u2192 T73) is easier:<\/b> simply applying the overageing cycle is often enough. <b>Practical rule: buy the temper you want; do not decide the temper afterwards.<\/b><\/p>\n<h4 id=\"dm-b7\" style=\"font-size:19px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;margin:30px 0 10px;line-height:1.35;\">Welding \u2014 7075 IS NOT WELDABLE<\/h4>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 12px;font-size:15px;line-height:1.75;\"><b>No hedging will be used in this section. 7075 is not joined by fusion welding.<\/b> One producer&#8217;s weldability rating is <b>D (not recommended)<\/b>; on a European mill&#8217;s 1-6 scale, gas, TIG and MIG fusion welding all score <b>6 \u2014 the worst possible mark<\/b>. <b>On the same scale, resistance spot welding scores 2<\/b> \u2014 so the problem is not heat, it is <b>the solidification of the molten pool<\/b>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:18px 0 6px;font-size:15px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;line-height:1.5;\">Why: hot (solidification) cracking<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 12px;font-size:15px;line-height:1.75;\"><b>Three mechanisms overlap:<\/b><br \/><b>1. A wide freezing range.<\/b> According to a European mill sheet the melting range of 7075 is <b>480-640 \u00b0C<\/b> \u2014 <b>a band 160 degrees wide<\/b>. In a weld pool solidifying across so wide a band, a <b>thin liquid film remains at the grain boundaries<\/b> in the final stage of solidification. At the same time the weld generates shrinkage stress and <b>that liquid film tears<\/b>. This is <b>solidification (hot) cracking<\/b>.<br \/><b>2. The composition sits at the peak of cracking sensitivity.<\/b> Within the Al-Zn-Mg-Cu system the Cu and Mg levels of 7075 are in the <b>range of maximum hot-cracking susceptibility<\/b>. One source puts it plainly: &#8220;<b>the microstructure in the weld zone of 7075 aluminium is highly susceptible to hot cracking.<\/b>&#8220;<br \/><b>3. Liquation cracking in the HAZ.<\/b> Immediately beside the fusion line, low-melting phases at the parent metal&#8217;s grain boundaries <b>partially melt<\/b> and tear under shrinkage stress. <b>This cannot be solved by changing the filler<\/b> \u2014 the problem is in the parent metal.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:18px 0 6px;font-size:15px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;line-height:1.5;\">Why changing the filler does not solve it<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 12px;font-size:15px;line-height:1.75;\">Some sources cite <b>ER5356<\/b> wire (4.5-5.5 % Mg) for TIG. <b>That is an attempt to mitigate hot cracking, not a structural solution.<\/b> For three reasons:<br \/><b>\u00b7 HAZ liquation cracking cannot be prevented with filler metal<\/b> \u2014 the problem is the parent metal itself.<br \/><b>\u00b7 The weld metal and HAZ are re-solutionised and cool without control; the result is effectively a naturally aged, T6-like region that is WIDE OPEN to SCC.<\/b> So even if the weld succeeds, <b>you have placed exactly the failure mode you were avoiding right beside the bead<\/b>.<br \/><b>\u00b7 Hydrogen porosity.<\/b> Liquid aluminium dissolves large amounts of hydrogen and <b>on rapid solidification the hydrogen has no time to escape<\/b>; the result is a porous bead.<br \/><b>And there are weldable 7xxx alloys:<\/b> the <b>COPPER-FREE<\/b> Al-Zn-Mg alloys such as <b>7005, 7020 and 7039<\/b> can be fusion welded and <b>naturally re-age by themselves in the HAZ<\/b>. <b>What makes 7075 weldable is removing the copper \u2014 and at that point what you have is no longer 7075.<\/b><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:18px 0 6px;font-size:15px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;line-height:1.5;\">How 7075 is joined<\/p>\n<div style=\"border:1px solid #d7dfe4;background:#ffffff;margin:24px 0 18px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\">\n<div style=\"background:#DD3333;color:#ffffff;font-size:13px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.04em;text-transform:uppercase;padding:10px 12px;line-height:1.35;\">EN AW-7075 \u00b7 Acceptable Joining Methods<\/div>\n<p><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<table style=\"border-collapse:collapse;width:100%;font-size:15px;line-height:1.5;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>Mechanical fastening<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>First choice and the standard aerospace solution:<\/b> rivets and bolts. The rivet alloy is not 7075; it is the <b>2017A \/ 2024<\/b> class \u2014 see <a href=\"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/en\/en-aw-2017a\/\">EN AW-2017A<\/a>. <b>The region around a fastener hole is itself an SCC and fatigue risk<\/b>; that is why cold expansion and correct torque matter<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\"><b>Adhesive bonding<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">Structural adhesive; common in aerospace alongside riveting. Surface preparation (anodize + primer) is decisive<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>Friction stir welding (FSW)<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>The only genuine &#8220;welding&#8221; option.<\/b> Being a solid-state process, <b>there is no melting, so hot cracking and porosity disappear<\/b>. Its application to 7075-T651 is published. <b>BUT:<\/b> the stir zone and the thermomechanically affected zone are <b>re-solutionised and naturally aged<\/b>; those regions are <b>both weaker and stripped of SCC resistance<\/b>. <b>No verified figure for FSW joint efficiency is given on this page<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\"><b>Resistance spot welding<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">Rated <b>2<\/b> on a European mill scale (against 6 for fusion welding). Used in limited and specialised applications; it is not a primary structural joining method<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>Brazing<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">One producer rates it <b>B<\/b>. However brazing temperatures <b>destroy the heat treatment of 7075<\/b> and it is not suitable for a structural joint<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\"><b>Fusion welding (MIG\/TIG\/gas\/laser)<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\"><b>NOT USED.<\/b> Producer rating <b>D \u2014 not recommended<\/b>; European mill rating <b>6 (the worst)<\/b>. <b>Hot cracking, HAZ liquation cracking, porosity and SCC susceptibility in the weld region.<\/b> <b>If a specification calls for welding 7075, that specification is wrong<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<h4 id=\"dm-b8\" style=\"font-size:19px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;margin:30px 0 10px;line-height:1.35;\">Machining<\/h4>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 12px;font-size:15px;line-height:1.75;\"><b>Here a datasheet conflict has to be stated openly.<\/b> One producer&#8217;s summary table shows a machinability rating of <b>D (poor)<\/b> for 7075. <b>That contradicts general industry experience and the rating given by a European mill<\/b>, which gives <b>2 (good) for machinability in T651<\/b>. <b>The most likely explanation is that the D rating belongs to the ANNEALED (O) temper:<\/b> annealed 7075 is soft and gummy and does not break chips. <b>Aged 7075 (T6\/T651\/T73), on the other hand, is one of the best-machining aluminium alloys<\/b>, which is why it is chosen for moulds, cutting tools and high-volume precision parts.<\/p>\n<div style=\"border:1px solid #d7dfe4;background:#ffffff;margin:24px 0 18px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\">\n<div style=\"background:#DD3333;color:#ffffff;font-size:13px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.04em;text-transform:uppercase;padding:10px 12px;line-height:1.35;\">EN AW-7075 \u00b7 Machining Guidance<\/div>\n<p><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<table style=\"border-collapse:collapse;width:100%;font-size:15px;line-height:1.5;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>Temper selection<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>Machine T6, T651 or T7351. Do not machine annealed (O) 7075.<\/b> In the aged condition the chip comes off hard and brittle, it breaks and evacuates \u2014 which is the behaviour you want<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\"><b>RESIDUAL STRESS AND DISTORTION \u2014 this is the real topic<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\"><b>This is the most common machining problem in 7075.<\/b> Rapidly quenched heavy plate carries very high <b>residual stress<\/b>; remove material asymmetrically and the part <b>bows as it comes off the machine<\/b>. <b>The fixes, in order:<\/b> <b>buy a stretched temper (T651 or T7351)<\/b>; <b>remove material symmetrically<\/b>; <b>release the part between roughing and finishing, let it rest and re-fixture<\/b>; <b>keep clamping forces low<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>Tooling<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>Sharp, polished carbide<\/b>, high positive rake, high helix, 2-3 flutes. Coatings in aluminium often dull the edge and generate <b>built-up edge (BUE)<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\"><b>Cutting speed<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\"><b>Suited to high-speed machining.<\/b> <b>No verified numerical cutting-speed or feed table for 7075 is given on this page<\/b> \u2014 use the tool manufacturer&#8217;s data<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>Coolant<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>Generous emulsion or MQL plus compressed air.<\/b> Chip evacuation is critical<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\"><b>Post-machining surface and SCC<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\"><b>CRITICAL WARNING:<\/b> a machined 7075 surface is <b>bare<\/b> and \u2014 if the part is in T6 \u2014 <b>fully open to SCC<\/b>. Aggressive machining can also leave <b>tensile residual stress at the surface<\/b>, which is <b>exactly the driving force SCC needs<\/b>. <b>Machined 7075 parts should be protected by anodizing plus primer<\/b>; <b>shot peening leaves compressive stress at the surface and improves both fatigue and SCC resistance<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>Hard anodizing and fatigue<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>The hard anodic film is brittle and lowers the fatigue strength of the metal beneath it.<\/b> On cyclically loaded 7075 parts hard anodizing can act as a <b>crack initiator<\/b>; where it is required, <b>shot peening beforehand<\/b> is applied<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<h4 id=\"dm-b9\" style=\"font-size:19px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;margin:30px 0 10px;line-height:1.35;\">Corrosion \u2014 WHERE IT FAILS<\/h4>\n<p><!-- dm-diy-kars --><\/p>\n<div style=\"border:1px solid #e3e9ec;margin:22px 0 26px;background:#fff;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\">\n<div style=\"background:#12303f;color:#fff;padding:9px 14px;font-size:14px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.3px;position:relative;z-index:2;\">COMPARISON<\/div>\n<div style=\"position:relative;z-index:2;\">\n<div style=\"padding:10px 14px 0;font-size:12.5px;color:#5b7180;line-height:1.7;\">CRITERION: (1) STRENGTH, compared only through SPECIFICATION MINIMA of the same standard family \u2014 EN 485-2 for flat products, EN 755-2 for extrusions; typical values are not mixed in. (2) STRENGTHENING MECHANISM: heat-treatable (2017A, 6060, 6082, 7075) versus non-heat-treatable (5754). (3) WELDABILITY, expressed through filler metal and post-weld behaviour as well as the producers&#8217; 1-5 \/ 1-6 ratings. (4) CORROSION RESISTANCE, as normal atmosphere plus seawater plus stress corrosion cracking. (5) MACHINABILITY, from producer ratings per temper. The rows are ordered by strength class, not by preference.<\/div>\n<div style=\"padding:12px 12px 2px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\"><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"overflow-x:auto;position:relative;z-index:2;\">\n<table style=\"width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:13.5px;min-width:430px;background:transparent;\">\n<tr>\n<th style=\"padding:7px 9px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:#12303f;background:#F2F6F8;border:1px solid #eceff1;\">Grade<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding:7px 9px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:#12303f;background:#F2F6F8;border:1px solid #eceff1;\">Mechanism<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding:7px 9px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:#12303f;background:#F2F6F8;border:1px solid #eceff1;\">Strength<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding:7px 9px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:#12303f;background:#F2F6F8;border:1px solid #eceff1;\">Weldability<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding:7px 9px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:#12303f;background:#F2F6F8;border:1px solid #eceff1;\">Corrosion<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding:7px 9px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:#12303f;background:#F2F6F8;border:1px solid #eceff1;\">Limit<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">EN AW-2017A (AlCu4MgSi(A) \u00b7 3.1325)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">HEAT-TREATABLE. Solution treatment 495-505 \u00b0C + quench + NATURAL ageing (T4\/T451). Hardening comes from Al2Cu \/ Al2CuMg precipitation. Artificial ageing (T6) is not used commercially.<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">EN 755-2 minima: T4 extruded rod up to 25 mm diameter, Rp0.2 min 260 MPa, Rm min 380 MPa. EN 485-2 sheet T4\/T451: Rp0.2 240-260 MPa, Rm 350-390 MPa.<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">NOT SUITABLE FOR FUSION WELDING. Producer data sheets rate gas, TIG and MIG as unsuitable; only resistance (spot) welding is usable. Structural joints are riveted or bolted.<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">Poor. With copper at 3.5-4.5 % the cathodic Al2Cu particles drive galvanic attack; poor in normal atmosphere and unsuitable for seawater. Plating, anodising or paint is mandatory.<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">Not used in welded structures or in seawater. Decorative anodising is unsuitable. Even in T451, asymmetric machining of heavy sections is reported to cause distortion.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">EN AW-5754 (AlMg3 \u00b7 3.3535)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">NOT HEAT-TREATABLE. Strength comes from magnesium in solid solution plus COLD WORK (H tempers). There is NO solution treatment or ageing step; tempers such as T4 or T6 are not defined for this alloy.<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">EN 485-2 minima: O\/H111 Rp0.2 min 80 MPa, Rm 190-240 MPa \u00b7 H22 Rp0.2 min 130 MPa, Rm 220-270 MPa \u00b7 H24 Rp0.2 min 160 MPa, Rm 240-280 MPa. The lowest strength class of the five.<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">THE BEST OF THE FIVE. Gas, arc and resistance welding all rated very good; filler SG-AlMg3 and SG-AlMg5. No post-weld heat treatment is needed or possible; the HAZ returns to annealed (O) strength and the design uses that value.<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">Very good. Resists seawater and industrially polluted atmospheres; covered by DIN EN 602 for food contact.<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">Does not replace the others in highly stressed load-bearing structures. Machinability is moderate to poor (soft, gummy chips). Because the magnesium band is 2.6-3.6 %, beta phase (Mg2Al3) sensitisation becomes relevant at the top of the band, so prolonged warm service needs the same care as 5083.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">EN AW-6060 (AlMgSi \u00b7 3.3206)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">HEAT-TREATABLE, by Mg2Si precipitation. Cooling at the exit of the extrusion press (press quench) takes the place of a separate solution treatment; artificial ageing then gives T5. For T6 a separate furnace solution treatment, quench and ageing are applied.<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">EN 755-2 minima (rod up to 150 mm): T4 60\/120 MPa \u00b7 T5 120\/160 MPa \u00b7 T6 150\/190 MPa \u00b7 T66 160\/215 MPa. The second lowest of the five and clearly below 6082.<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">Good. TIG and MIG rated 2 (good). Filler SG-AlMg5, AlSi5, or AlMg3 where the part will be anodised. Welding heat reduces HAZ strength by roughly 50 %.<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">Very good (normal atmosphere rated 1), good in marine atmosphere. IT IS THE BEST OF THE FIVE FOR DECORATIVE ANODISING, because low iron and manganese give consistent colour and gloss.<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">Strength is low; a load-bearing structure needs 6082. There is no EN mechanical property table for this alloy in sheet, plate or forging form \u2014 in practice 6060 is an EXTRUSION alloy.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">EN AW-6082 (AlSi1MgMn \u00b7 3.2315)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">HEAT-TREATABLE. Solution treatment 525-540 \u00b0C + quench + ARTIFICIAL AGEING 155-190 \u00b0C. Hardening comes from Mg2Si (beta&#8221;) precipitation.<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">EN 755-2 minima: T6 rod 20-150 mm Rp0.2 min 260 MPa, Rm min 310 MPa \u00b7 T4 Rp0.2 min 110 MPa, Rm min 205 MPa. EN 485-2 T6\/T651 plate 6-12.5 mm: 255\/300 MPa. The highest class among the weldable alloys here.<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">Good. MIG rated 1 (very good), TIG 2. Filler 4043\/AlSi5 for self-welding or 5356\/AlMg5. HOWEVER the HAZ overages and softens: in a peer-reviewed measurement the proof strength falls from about 260 MPa to below 130 MPa, roughly a 50 % loss.<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">Very good (normal atmosphere 1, marine atmosphere 2). Can be certified for marine use under EN 13195.<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">In a welded structure it does not match the corrosion behaviour of 5083\/5754. It is quench sensitive: in heavy sections a slower cooling rate misses the T6 values. For decorative anodising it is behind 6060 because of the manganese.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">EN AW-7075 (AlZn5.5MgCu \u00b7 3.4365)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">HEAT-TREATABLE. Solution treatment 470-480 \u00b0C + quench + ARTIFICIAL AGEING. Hardening comes from MgZn2 (eta&#8217;) precipitation. T73\/T7351 is a TWO-STAGE OVERAGEING treatment that trades strength away to buy resistance to stress corrosion cracking (SCC).<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">EN 485-2 minima: T651 plate 6-12.5 mm Rp0.2 min 460 MPa, Rm min 540 MPa. EN 755-2 T6 extruded rod up to 25 mm: 505\/570 MPa. By far the highest of the five.<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">NOT SUITABLE FOR FUSION WELDING. Producer data sheets rate gas, TIG and MIG as unsuitable and the Alcoa weldability table simply states NO. Only resistance welding is usable; joints are riveted or bolted.<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">Poor. Producer data sheets rate normal atmosphere and seawater 4-5 (poor to unsuitable). THE GOVERNING LIMIT IS STRESS CORROSION CRACKING: Kaiser rates T6\/T651 as &#8216;C&#8217; \u2014 service failures with sustained tension stress acting in the short transverse direction.<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">T6\/T651 in heavy section is open to SCC in the short transverse direction, which is why critical parts are ordered in T73\/T7351. It cannot be welded. Continuous service temperature is about 90 \u00b0C (BIKAR). Decorative anodising is unsuitable.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"padding:10px 12px 2px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\"><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"position:relative;z-index:2;\">\n<div style=\"font-size:13.5px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;margin:6px 0 6px;\">Additional information<\/div>\n<table style=\"width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:13.5px;background:transparent;\">\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Vurgu<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">en-aw-7075<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"padding:6px 14px 12px;font-size:12px;color:#5b7180;line-height:1.7;border-top:1px solid #f0f3f5;position:relative;z-index:2;\">Every strength row is a SPECIFICATION MINIMUM; producer typical values are not mixed into this table. 5754 is the only non-heat-treatable alloy here; the other four are solution treated, quenched and aged. The two mechanisms are not interchangeable. 2017A and 7075 are not suitable for fusion welding; 5754, 6060 and 6082 are weldable. Even in the weldable three the weld zone loses strength. In 7075, T73\/T7351 is an overageing treatment: strength is deliberately lowered in exchange for resistance to stress corrosion cracking.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><!-- \/dm-diy-kars --><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 12px;font-size:15px;line-height:1.75;\"><b>The corrosion record of 7075 is the worst of the three alloys covered on this site, and that needs to be said honestly.<\/b> One producer&#8217;s general corrosion rating is <b>C<\/b>; on a European mill&#8217;s 1-5 scale, <b>seawater and weather resistance are both rated 4-5<\/b> (poor to very poor). <b>The reason is a single element: 1.2-2.0 % copper.<\/b><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:18px 0 6px;font-size:15px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;line-height:1.5;\">WHERE IT FAILS \u2014 1: STRESS CORROSION CRACKING (the main subject of 7075)<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 12px;font-size:15px;line-height:1.75;\"><b>This is not a corrosion problem but a FRACTURE problem, and it gives no warning.<\/b> It occurs when three conditions are met simultaneously: <b>a susceptible microstructure (T6) + tensile stress + a moist or chloride environment<\/b>. The result is <b>a crack that advances along the grain boundaries and separates the part without macroscopic plastic deformation<\/b>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 12px;font-size:15px;line-height:1.75;\"><b>The numerical classification \u2014 NASA MSFC-STD-3029:<\/b><br \/><b>\u00b7 Table I (high resistance):<\/b> &#8220;<b>no stress corrosion failures occur on specimens stressed to 75 percent of the yield strength within 30 days.<\/b>&#8221; <b>7075-T73, T7351, T76 and T7651 are in this table.<\/b><br \/><b>\u00b7 Table II (moderate resistance):<\/b> the same statement at the <b>50 %<\/b> stress level.<br \/><b>\u00b7 Table III (low resistance):<\/b> <b>failures DO occur at 50 % of yield within 30 days.<\/b> <b>7075-T6 is in this table.<\/b><br \/><b>The same standard places 2024-T3 and T4 in Table III as well, while 6061 is in Table I in all tempers.<\/b> <b>One producer&#8217;s own rating points the same way: SCC rating C for T6\/T651 and B for T73\/T7351.<\/b><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 12px;font-size:15px;line-height:1.75;\"><b>THE SHORT TRANSVERSE DIRECTION \u2014 the most critical detail.<\/b> SCC resistance is direction-dependent, and in the words of the NASA standard &#8220;<b>stress corrosion resistance of metals is worst in the short transverse direction<\/b>&#8220;. The reason: in a rolled or extruded product the grains are <b>elongated along the working direction<\/b>; apply tension in the short transverse direction and <b>the stress acts directly perpendicular to the long grain boundaries<\/b>, so the crack can advance without cutting a single grain.<br \/><b>Practical consequences for the designer:<\/b><br \/><b>\u00b7 When machining parts from heavy plate, avoid designs in which the TENSILE stress runs through the thickness (short transverse).<\/b><br \/><b>\u00b7 Interference-fit bushings, over-torqued bolts and force-assembled parts produce exactly that kind of sustained tension<\/b> \u2014 <b>they are the classic starting points of SCC failures<\/b>.<br \/><b>\u00b7 Surfaces machined near the centre of a heavy plate cut the grain boundaries perpendicularly and are the most SCC-exposed surfaces of all.<\/b><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 12px;font-size:15px;line-height:1.75;\"><b>THE SOLUTION IS T73 AND IT WORKS.<\/b> Overageing coarsens and separates the \u03b7 precipitates at the grain boundary and breaks the anodic path. The price is <b>about 14 % of the proof stress<\/b> (503 \u2192 434 N\/mm\u00b2 typical). <b>The gain is moving from Table III to Table I<\/b> in the NASA classification \u2014 from <b>a material that fails in 30 days at 50 % of yield to one that survives 30 days at 75 % of yield<\/b>. <b>And the fatigue strength does not change (158 N\/mm\u00b2).<\/b> <b>Every 7075 part that sits outdoors, near the sea, in an interference fit or under sustained tension should be T73 or T7351.<\/b><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:18px 0 6px;font-size:15px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;line-height:1.5;\">WHERE IT FAILS \u2014 2: exfoliation corrosion<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 12px;font-size:15px;line-height:1.75;\"><b>This is a special form of intergranular corrosion seen in rolled 7075 products with elongated grains.<\/b> Corrosion products form at the grain boundaries and <b>occupy more volume than the metal did<\/b>; that volume increase <b>lifts the material like the pages of a book and splits it into leaves<\/b>. From outside it appears as blistering and flaking; inside, the section loss has already happened.<br \/><b>T6 rolled product is susceptible.<\/b> <b>The T76 temper was developed for exactly this problem<\/b>: it does not overage as far as T73, so it <b>loses less strength<\/b>, while still providing adequate resistance to exfoliation. <b>The NASA standard places T76 and T7651 in Table I.<\/b><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:18px 0 6px;font-size:15px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;line-height:1.5;\">WHERE IT FAILS \u2014 3: general corrosion, pitting and galvanic couples<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 12px;font-size:15px;line-height:1.75;\"><b>Copper leaves copper-rich intermetallics on the surface and at the grain boundaries of 7075.<\/b> Those particles are <b>cathodic<\/b> relative to the aluminium matrix and cause the surrounding matrix to <b>dissolve preferentially<\/b>. The result in a chloride environment is <b>rapid pitting<\/b> and <b>intergranular corrosion<\/b> along copper-depleted zones.<br \/><b>Galvanically, despite the copper, 7075 is still aluminium and is the ANODE against steel and stainless steel<\/b>; but it also <b>sits at a different potential from other aluminium alloys<\/b> \u2014 <b>putting 7075 in direct wet contact with 6082 or 5083 creates an aluminium-to-aluminium galvanic couple<\/b>. See <a href=\"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/en\/en-aw-5083\/\">EN AW-5083<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/en\/en-aw-6082\/\">EN AW-6082<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:18px 0 6px;font-size:15px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;line-height:1.5;\">Protections: alclad, anodizing, primer<\/p>\n<div style=\"border:1px solid #d7dfe4;background:#ffffff;margin:24px 0 18px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\">\n<div style=\"background:#DD3333;color:#ffffff;font-size:13px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.04em;text-transform:uppercase;padding:10px 12px;line-height:1.35;\">EN AW-7075 \u00b7 Corrosion Protections<\/div>\n<p><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<table style=\"border-collapse:collapse;width:100%;font-size:15px;line-height:1.5;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>Alclad (clad) sheet<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>The surface of 7075 sheet is roll-bonded during rolling with a thin layer of 7072 (Al-1 % Zn).<\/b> 7072 is <b>anodic<\/b> relative to 7075 and <b>behaves as a sacrificial anode<\/b>: even if a scratch reaches bare metal, protection continues around it. Specifications: <b>AMS 4048 (Alclad 7075-O)<\/b>, <b>AMS 4049 (Alclad 7075-T6)<\/b>.<br \/><b>TWO CRITICAL WARNINGS:<\/b> <b>(1)<\/b> the cladding carries no load; <b>the mechanical values of an alclad sheet are LOWER than those of bare sheet<\/b>. <b>(2)<\/b> <b>any machining that breaks through the cladding removes the protection entirely at that spot<\/b> \u2014 do not mill an alclad sheet thinner<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\"><b>Anodizing<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">Chromic or sulfuric anodize plus primer is the standard aerospace protection chain. <b>The anodic film does not stop SCC<\/b> \u2014 it only delays contact with the environment; <b>once a crack has started it is of no use<\/b>. <b>Hard anodizing, in turn, lowers fatigue strength<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>Primer and paint<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">Modern chromate-free primer systems. Mandatory in particular for <b>fastener holes, interference-fit surfaces and joint crevices<\/b> \u2014 these are simultaneously crevice-corrosion and SCC locations<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\"><b>Shot peening<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\"><b>It leaves compressive residual stress at the surface.<\/b> Because the driving force of SCC is TENSILE stress, surface compression <b>improves both SCC resistance and fatigue life<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>Temper selection<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>This is the most effective protection, and it is not a coating but a material decision: buy T73 or T7351.<\/b> Coatings wear, scratch and get punctured; <b>the microstructure does not change<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<h4 id=\"dm-b10\" style=\"font-size:19px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;margin:30px 0 10px;line-height:1.35;\">Frequently Asked Questions<\/h4>\n<p style=\"margin:18px 0 6px;font-size:15px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;line-height:1.5;\">Our specification says 7075-T6 but the part is outdoors and will carry an interference-fit bushing. What should we do?<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 12px;font-size:15px;line-height:1.75;\"><b>Question the specification. This is the textbook scenario for an SCC failure.<\/b><br \/><b>All three conditions are present:<\/b> <b>(1) a susceptible microstructure<\/b> \u2014 7075-T6 is <b>Table III, low resistance<\/b> in NASA MSFC-STD-3029; <b>(2) sustained tensile stress<\/b> \u2014 that is the definition of an interference fit, and the stress runs <b>hoop-wise around the bushing<\/b>, which is often <b>the short transverse direction<\/b>; <b>(3) a moist or chloride environment<\/b> \u2014 outdoor service supplies that. <b>The result of the trio is an intergranular crack that advances without warning.<\/b><br \/><b>The right answer is T73 or T7351.<\/b> What you lose: typical proof stress from <b>503 to 434 N\/mm\u00b2<\/b>, that is <b>13.7 %<\/b>; tensile from <b>572 to 503<\/b>. What you gain: the move from <b>Table III to Table I<\/b> in the same standard \u2014 from <b>a material that fails in 30 days at 50 % of yield to one that survives 30 days at 75 % of yield<\/b>. And <b>the fatigue strength does not change (158 N\/mm\u00b2)<\/b>, while <b>elongation RISES (11 % \u2192 13 %)<\/b>.<br \/><b>If the structural calculation cannot absorb a 14 % lower proof stress, three options remain:<\/b> increase the section; move to <b>7050-T7451<\/b> (better particularly in heavy sections); or consider <b>T76\/T7651<\/b> \u2014 less strength loss than T73, less SCC resistance than T73.<br \/><b>And if T6 is insisted upon, these become mandatory:<\/b> a <b>clearance fit plus adhesive<\/b> instead of an interference fit; <b>shot peening<\/b> in the bushing region; <b>anodizing plus primer<\/b>; <b>scheduled inspection<\/b>. <b>But none of these substitutes for the change in microstructure.<\/b><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:18px 0 6px;font-size:15px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;line-height:1.5;\">Can 7075 be welded? Our supplier says &#8220;we do it with 5356&#8221;.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 12px;font-size:15px;line-height:1.75;\"><b>No. And &#8220;we do it with 5356&#8221; presents a crack-mitigation attempt as if it were a structural solution.<\/b><br \/><b>The ratings are unambiguous:<\/b> one producer&#8217;s weldability rating is <b>D (not recommended)<\/b>; on a European mill&#8217;s 1-6 scale gas, TIG and MIG fusion welding score <b>6 \u2014 the worst mark<\/b>.<br \/><b>Three separate mechanisms:<\/b><br \/><b>1. Solidification (hot) cracking.<\/b> According to a European mill sheet the freezing range of 7075 is <b>480-640 \u00b0C<\/b>, a band <b>160 \u00b0C wide<\/b>. In a pool solidifying across such a band, a <b>liquid film<\/b> remains at the grain boundaries at the last moment and shrinkage stress tears it. The Cu-Mg level of 7075 also sits <b>at the peak of hot-cracking susceptibility<\/b>.<br \/><b>2. HAZ liquation cracking.<\/b> Beside the fusion line the parent metal&#8217;s grain boundaries partially melt. <b>You cannot fix this by changing filler<\/b> \u2014 the problem is the parent metal.<br \/><b>3. SCC in the weld region.<\/b> Suppose you manage to lay the bead without cracking it: the weld metal and HAZ are effectively <b>re-solutionised, cooled without control and naturally aged<\/b> \u2014 that is, <b>T6-like and open to SCC<\/b>. <b>Even a successful weld places the failure mode you were avoiding right beside the bead.<\/b><br \/><b>What is done instead:<\/b> <b>rivets and bolts<\/b> (the standard aerospace answer; the rivet alloy is not 7075 but the <b>2017A\/2024<\/b> class \u2014 see <a href=\"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/en\/en-aw-2017a\/\">EN AW-2017A<\/a>); <b>structural adhesive bonding<\/b>; and <b>friction stir welding (FSW)<\/b> \u2014 the only genuine &#8220;welding&#8221; option because nothing melts. <b>Even in FSW the stir zone and its surroundings are re-solutionised and naturally aged; they are both weaker and stripped of SCC resistance.<\/b><br \/><b>If a welded high-strength aluminium structure is genuinely needed<\/b>, the right address is the <b>copper-free 7xxx<\/b> alloys (7005 \/ 7020 \/ 7039) or <b><a href=\"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/en\/en-aw-6082\/\">6082<\/a><\/b>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:18px 0 6px;font-size:15px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;line-height:1.5;\">We want 150 mm thick 7075-T651 plate. Will that be a problem?<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 12px;font-size:15px;line-height:1.75;\"><b>Yes \u2014 and this is the question that explains why 7050 exists.<\/b><br \/><b>The numbers:<\/b> under EN 485-2 the minima for T651 plate are <b>Rm \u2265540 \/ Rp0.2 \u2265460 at 6-12.5 mm<\/b>, but they fall to <b>Rm \u2265360 \/ Rp0.2 \u2265260 N\/mm\u00b2 at 120 mm and above<\/b>. <b>A 45 % loss in proof stress.<\/b> So 150 mm 7075-T651 plate is not the material you expect from the thin plate table.<br \/><b>The cause is quench sensitivity.<\/b> 7075 contains <b>0.18-0.28 % chromium<\/b> and the Cr dispersoids act as <b>heterogeneous nucleation sites<\/b> during the quench. The core of a heavy plate cannot pass through the critical range (<b>399-288 \u00b0C<\/b>) fast enough (about <b>278 \u00b0C per second<\/b>); the Zn and Mg that should have provided strength are <b>spent as coarse, ineffective precipitates<\/b>. Fracture toughness and SCC resistance fall the same way.<br \/><b>The right answer is 7050-T7451.<\/b> 7050 uses <b>zirconium<\/b> instead of chromium; Zr dispersoids present far fewer nucleation sites and <b>7050 is markedly less quench sensitive<\/b>. In the words of one producer source, 7050 &#8220;<b>retains strength properties, fracture toughness levels and corrosion cracking resistance more effectively than other high-strength aluminium alloys, especially in thicker sections<\/b>&#8221; and is widely used in aerospace in the <b>75-150 mm band<\/b> (fuselage frames, bulkheads). <b>7050 also machines slightly better.<\/b><br \/><b>The residual-stress warning applies too:<\/b> heavy 7075 plate carries high residual stress. <b>Buying the stretched temper T651 is mandatory<\/b>; in addition, <b>remove material symmetrically and let the part rest between roughing and finishing<\/b>.<br \/><b>Summary: in thin and medium sections 7075 is economical and correct; in heavy sections 7050 is the right answer.<\/b><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:18px 0 6px;font-size:15px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;line-height:1.5;\">There is a price difference between 7075-T6 and 7075-T73. Is it really necessary?<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 12px;font-size:15px;line-height:1.75;\"><b>The answer depends on where and how the part will be stressed \u2014 and if you cannot answer that, buy T73.<\/b><br \/><b>T6 is adequate<\/b> if: the part works <b>indoors<\/b> or in a dry, chloride-free environment; it is not under <b>sustained tensile stress<\/b> (cyclic load is not the driving force for SCC \u2014 SCC requires <b>sustained<\/b> stress); the section is thin and there is <b>no tension in the short transverse direction<\/b>; and it sits under a <b>fully closed coating system<\/b>.<br \/><b>T73\/T7351 is MANDATORY<\/b> if: the part is <b>outdoors or near the sea<\/b>; there is an <b>interference fit, over-torque or forced assembly<\/b>; it is <b>machined from heavy plate and carries tension in the short transverse direction<\/b>; it is a <b>long-life part that is hard to inspect<\/b>; or an <b>aerospace\/defence specification calls for SCC resistance<\/b>.<br \/><b>Frame the price difference correctly.<\/b> T73 costs more because it needs <b>a two-stage and longer ageing cycle<\/b> and because <b>acceptance testing includes a conductivity measurement<\/b>. But what you are buying is not strength \u2014 <b>you are already giving up 14 % of it<\/b>. What you are buying is <b>the removal of a failure mode<\/b>. <b>Price the risk, not the alloy.<\/b><br \/><b>And an acceptance warning:<\/b> when you buy T73, <b>do not look only at hardness on the certificate<\/b>. An under-overaged part can be <b>close to T73 hardness but at T6 conductivity<\/b>, and it is <b>still SCC-susceptible<\/b>. <b>The T73 acceptance criterion is always the conductivity window (38-42 % IACS) AND the proof strength, checked together.<\/b><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:18px 0 6px;font-size:15px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;line-height:1.5;\">Common datasheet errors \u2014 check these before you order<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 12px;font-size:15px;line-height:1.75;\"><b>1. MIXING THE T6 AND T73 VALUES \u2014 THE MOST COMMON AND MOST DANGEROUS ERROR.<\/b> If a table presents <b>the strength of T6<\/b> and <b>the corrosion resistance of T73<\/b> in the same row, that table describes <b>a material that does not exist<\/b>. The reality: <b>T6 typical 572\/503, T73 typical 503\/434 N\/mm\u00b2<\/b>; <b>T6 is NASA Table III (low SCC resistance), T73 is Table I (high)<\/b>. <b>You cannot have both.<\/b><br \/><b>2. &#8220;7075-T6 has excellent corrosion resistance.&#8221;<\/b> <b>WRONG.<\/b> One producer&#8217;s general corrosion rating is <b>C<\/b>, a European mill&#8217;s seawater and weather rating is <b>4-5 (poor)<\/b>, and the NASA classification is <b>Table III<\/b>. <b>7075-T6 is not an unprotected outdoor material.<\/b><br \/><b>3. A narrow composition band.<\/b> An encyclopaedia entry gives <b>5.6-6.1 % Zn, 2.1-2.5 % Mg, 1.2-1.6 % Cu<\/b>; the specification limits are <b>5.1-6.1 % Zn, 2.1-2.9 % Mg, 1.2-2.0 % Cu<\/b>. <b>Do not reject a heat by mistaking the narrow band for the specification.<\/b><br \/><b>4. Melting temperature given as a single number.<\/b> <b>532-635 \u00b0C<\/b> and <b>480-640 \u00b0C<\/b> appear for the same alloy in different sources. <b>The low figure is the non-equilibrium eutectic melting point and it is the one that matters for solution treatment at 466 \u00b1 6 \u00b0C.<\/b> The <b>wide freezing range is also the cause of the hot cracking<\/b>.<br \/><b>5. Conflicting hardness values.<\/b> For T73\/T7351 one producer gives <b>130 HB<\/b> and another <b>144 HB<\/b>. <b>Do not use hardness alone as the T73 acceptance criterion<\/b> \u2014 <b>use it with conductivity (38-42 % IACS)<\/b>.<br \/><b>6. Conflicting machinability rating.<\/b> One producer summary gives <b>D (poor)<\/b> for 7075; a European mill gives <b>2 (good)<\/b> for T651. <b>The D rating most likely belongs to the ANNEALED (O) temper.<\/b> <b>Aged 7075 machines well; annealed 7075 does not.<\/b><br \/><b>7. Mixing the European minimum with the American typical in one table.<\/b> EN 485-2 gives <b>\u2265540 \/ \u2265460-470<\/b> (minimum) for T651 plate; American producer tables give <b>572 \/ 503<\/b> (typical) and <b>531 \/ 455<\/b> (minimum). <b>Three sets of numbers, three meanings.<\/b><br \/><b>8. Heavy plate quoted with thin plate values.<\/b> EN 485-2 gives <b>6-12.5 mm: 540\/460<\/b> and <b>\u2265120 mm: 360\/260<\/b>. <b>A 45 % loss in proof stress.<\/b> That is <b>the reason 7050 exists<\/b>.<br \/><b>9. The claim &#8220;it can be welded with 5356&#8221;.<\/b> <b>The weldability rating is D \/ 6 (the worst).<\/b> Hot cracking, HAZ liquation cracking and <b>SCC in the weld region<\/b>. <b>A welded structural joint is not a solution for 7075.<\/b><br \/><b>10. W.Nr. confusion.<\/b> <b>3.4365 = 7075 (AlZnMgCu1.5)<\/b>. Similar-looking numbers belong to other alloys; <b>work from the EN AW number, not the old DIN name<\/b>.<br \/><b>11. Mixing alclad values with bare sheet values.<\/b> <b>The cladding carries no load<\/b>; the mechanical values of an alclad sheet are <b>lower than those of bare sheet<\/b>. And <b>machining through the cladding ends the protection<\/b>.<br \/><b>12. ASME \/ pressure-vessel claims.<\/b> <b>7075 is not in ASME II Part D and will not be.<\/b> There is no such thing as &#8220;ASME compliant 7075&#8221;.<br \/><b>13. Food-contact claims.<\/b> <b>7075 is NOT suitable for food contact<\/b> (1.2-2.0 % copper). A European mill sheet states this explicitly. <b>Compare: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/en\/en-aw-6082\/\">6082<\/a> is food-safe per DIN EN 602.<\/b><br \/><b>14. Writing T651 and T6 as a single row.<\/b> Their mechanical values are identical but <b>T651 is stretched<\/b>. <b>If you will machine precision parts from heavy plate, that is the difference between a flat part and a bowed one.<\/b><br \/><b>15. Assuming &#8220;overageing makes everything worse&#8221;.<\/b> <b>WRONG.<\/b> In T73 <b>elongation RISES (11 % \u2192 13 %)<\/b> and <b>the fatigue strength DOES NOT CHANGE (158 N\/mm\u00b2)<\/b>. What is lost is only <b>proof and tensile strength<\/b>.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/dm-zengin --><\/p>\n<div class=\"dm-benzer\" style=\"margin:22px 0 0;padding:14px 16px;border:1px solid #e0e0e0;background:#FBFCFD;\">\n<p style=\"font-size:11px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.08em;text-transform:uppercase;color:#9aa3a8;margin:0 0 8px;line-height:1.4;\">Related grades<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0;font-size:15px;line-height:2;color:#333;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/en\/en-aw-2017a\/\" style=\"color:#24BEE5;font-weight:600;text-decoration:none;\">EN AW 2017A<\/a> &nbsp;\u00b7&nbsp; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/en\/en-aw-5083\/\" style=\"color:#24BEE5;font-weight:600;text-decoration:none;\">EN AW 5083<\/a> &nbsp;\u00b7&nbsp; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/en\/en-aw-5754\/\" style=\"color:#24BEE5;font-weight:600;text-decoration:none;\">EN AW 5754<\/a> &nbsp;\u00b7&nbsp; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/en\/en-aw-6060\/\" style=\"color:#24BEE5;font-weight:600;text-decoration:none;\">EN AW 6060<\/a> &nbsp;\u00b7&nbsp; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/en\/aluminium-alloys\/\" style=\"color:#666;font-weight:600;text-decoration:none;\">All aluminium alloys \u2192<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p><!-- dm-ld --><script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"name\":\"EN AW 7075\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/en\/en-aw-7075\/\",\"inLanguage\":\"en\",\"description\":\"EN AW-7075 (chemical symbol EN AW-AlZn5.5MgCu \/ W.Nr. 3.4365 \/ AA 7075 \/ UNS A97075 \/ old DIN name AlZnMgCu1.5) is the standard member of aluminium's highest-strength commercial family. 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Its nominal composition is 5.1-6.1 % Zn, 2.1-2.9 % Mg, 1.2-2.0 % Cu and 0.18-0.28 % Cr.\",\"inDefinedTermSet\":{\"@type\":\"DefinedTermSet\",\"name\":\"Defence Metal - metals and alloys\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/\"},\"alternateName\":[\"UNS A97075\",\"W.Nr. 3.4365\",\"EN AW-7075\",\"AlZn5.5MgCu\"],\"identifier\":[{\"@type\":\"PropertyValue\",\"propertyID\":\"UNS\",\"value\":\"A97075\"},{\"@type\":\"PropertyValue\",\"propertyID\":\"Werkstoffnummer\",\"value\":\"3.4365\"}],\"additionalProperty\":[{\"@type\":\"PropertyValue\",\"name\":\"DIN \/ EN designation\",\"value\":\"AlZn5.5MgCu\"},{\"@type\":\"PropertyValue\",\"name\":\"EN AW designation\",\"value\":\"EN AW-7075\"}]}}<\/script><!-- \/dm-ld --><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>EN AW 7075 \/ AMS 4078 \/ AMS 4124 DEFENCE METAL EN AW-7075 EN AW-7075 \u00b7 AlZn5.5MgCu \u00b7 W.Nr. 3.4365 \u00b7 UNS A97075 \u00b7 Per EN 573-3: Zn 5.1-6.1 % \u2013 Mg 2.1-2.9 % \u2013 Cu 1.2-2.0 % \u2013 Cr 0.18-0.28 % \u2013 Fe max 0.50 % \u2013 Si max 0.40 % \u2013 Mn max &hellip; <\/p>\n<p class=\"link-more\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/en\/en-aw-7075\/\" class=\"more-link\"><span class=\"screen-reader-text\"> &#8220;EN AW 7075&#8221;<\/span>devam\u0131n\u0131 oku<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":3526,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_title":"EN AW 7075 \/ AMS 4078 \/ AMS 4124 | Defence Metal","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"EN AW 7075 \/ AlZn5.5MgCu \u2014 AMS 4078 \/ AMS 4124. High strength aerospace aluminium; T7351 for stress corrosion resistance in heavy plate.","inspiro_hide_title":false,"inspiro_hide_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"dm_sektor":[10,9,14,11],"class_list":["post-3683","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>EN AW 7075 \/ AMS 4078 \/ AMS 4124 | Defence Metal<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"EN AW 7075 \/ AlZn5.5MgCu \u2014 AMS 4078 \/ AMS 4124. 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