{"id":3659,"date":"2026-09-16T11:14:42","date_gmt":"2026-09-16T08:14:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/en\/aisi-316ti\/"},"modified":"2026-09-25T16:30:11","modified_gmt":"2026-09-25T13:30:11","slug":"aisi-316ti","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/en\/aisi-316ti\/","title":{"rendered":"AISI 316Ti \/ (1.4571)"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><!-- dm-hap --><\/p>\n<h1 class=\"dm-ust-baslik\" style=\"font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,'Segoe UI',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif !important;text-transform:none !important;font-size:27px;line-height:1.3;font-weight:800;color:#12303f;margin:0 0 10px;letter-spacing:-.01em;\">AISI 316Ti \/ (1.4571) \/ UNS S31635 \/ AMS 5507 \/ AMS 5524<\/h1>\n<div style=\"border:1px solid #d7dfe4;background:#ffffff;margin:0 0 22px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\"><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"background:#12303f;padding:14px 16px 12px;position:relative;z-index:2;\">\n<div style=\"font-size:22px;font-weight:700;color:#fff;line-height:1.25;\">AISI 316Ti<\/div>\n<div style=\"font-family:ui-monospace,Menlo,Consolas,monospace;font-size:12.5px;color:#b9cfdb;line-height:1.5;margin-top:5px;word-wrap:break-word;\">UNS S31635 \u00b7 W.Nr. 1.4571 \u00b7 X6CrNiMoTi17-12-2 \u00b7 16.0-18.0% Cr \u2013 10.0-14.0% Ni \u2013 2.00-3.00% Mo \u2013 C \u2264 0.08% \u2013 Ti 5\u00d7(C+N) minimum to 0.70% maximum (ASTM A240, A479, A182) \u2013 balance Fe. The EN 10088 band for 1.4571 is: C \u2264 0.08%, Cr 16.5-18.5%, Ni 10.5-13.5%, Mo 2.0-2.5%, Ti from 5\u00d7C to 0.70%. It is an austenitic stainless steel: NOT PRECIPITATION HARDENABLE, it cannot be hardened by heat treatment; strength is raised only by cold work. The titanium is not a hardener, it is A CARBON BINDER.<\/div>\n<div data-dmkars-blok=\"1\" style=\"border-top:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.16);margin-top:13px;padding-top:11px;\">\n<div style=\"font-size:10px;letter-spacing:.09em;text-transform:uppercase;color:#7f9fb0;font-weight:700;margin-bottom:8px;\">Not to be confused with<\/div>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/2026\/09\/15\/aisi-321-aisi-316ti-difference\/\" data-dmkars=\"1\" style=\"display:inline-block;padding:4px 11px;border:1px solid rgba(36,190,229,.45);background:rgba(36,190,229,.12);border-radius:99px;margin:0 6px 6px 0;font-size:12.5px;font-weight:600;color:#9fe2f7;text-decoration:none;\">AISI 321<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"position:relative;z-index:2;\">\n<div style=\"display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">\n<div style=\"flex:0 0 118px;padding:11px 14px;background:#F7FAFB;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:.09em;text-transform:uppercase;color:#6b8091;font-weight:600;line-height:1.5;\">For what<\/div>\n<div style=\"flex:1 1 230px;min-width:0;padding:11px 14px;font-size:14.5px;line-height:1.7;color:#3d5260;word-wrap:break-word;overflow-wrap:break-word;\">Bought for parts that are fabricated by welding and then run for long periods at elevated temperature: chemical and petrochemical process equipment, exhaust and flue lines, heat exchangers, hot process piping, pulp and textile plant equipment.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">\n<div style=\"flex:0 0 118px;padding:11px 14px;background:#F7FAFB;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:.09em;text-transform:uppercase;color:#6b8091;font-weight:600;line-height:1.5;\">Forms<\/div>\n<div style=\"flex:1 1 230px;min-width:0;padding:11px 14px;font-size:14.5px;line-height:1.7;color:#3d5260;word-wrap:break-word;overflow-wrap:break-word;\">Round bar \u00b7 flat bar \u00b7 plate \u00b7 sheet \u00b7 pipe and tube \u00b7 forging. All forms supplied to order.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">\n<div style=\"flex:0 0 118px;padding:11px 14px;background:#F7FAFB;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:.09em;text-transform:uppercase;color:#6b8091;font-weight:600;line-height:1.5;\">Standards<\/div>\n<div style=\"flex:1 1 230px;min-width:0;padding:11px 14px;font-size:14.5px;line-height:1.7;color:#3d5260;word-wrap:break-word;overflow-wrap:break-word;\">NO AMS NUMBER COULD BE CONFIRMED \u2014 no AMS number was found for 316Ti; ASTM and EN are used directly. ASTM: A240 \/ SA-240 (plate, sheet, strip, S31635) \u00b7 A479 \/ SA-479 (bar and shapes, S31635) \u00b7 A182 \/ SA-182 (forged flanges and fittings, F316Ti) \u00b7 A484 (general requirements). EN: 1.4571 \u00b7 10088-2 \u00b7 10088-3 \u00b7 10028-7 \u00b7 10216-5 \u00b7 10222-5 \u00b7 ISO 15510.<br \/><span style=\"font-size:12.5px;color:#7b8f9b;line-height:1.6;display:inline-block;margin-top:6px;\">THERE IS NO AMS NUMBER FOR 316Ti (ams_yok). None of the producer bulletins searched \u2014 ATI, Elgiloy, Fine Tubes, Alleima, Outokumpu, thyssenkrupp, Aalco, Metalcor and Abrams among them \u2014 gives an AMS number for 316Ti;<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">\n<div style=\"flex:0 0 118px;padding:11px 14px;background:#F7FAFB;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:.09em;text-transform:uppercase;color:#6b8091;font-weight:600;line-height:1.5;\">Advantage<\/div>\n<div style=\"flex:1 1 230px;min-width:0;padding:11px 14px;font-size:14.5px;line-height:1.7;color:#3d5260;word-wrap:break-word;overflow-wrap:break-word;\">Of the three grades this is the only one that gives the strength minimum of 316 and the sensitization resistance of 316L AT THE SAME TIME. In ASTM A240 the tensile minimum of 316Ti is 515 MPa and the yield minimum 205 MPa; those are THE SAME as 316 and 30 and 35 MPa above 316L.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">\n<div style=\"flex:0 0 118px;padding:11px 14px;background:#F7FAFB;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:.09em;text-transform:uppercase;color:#6b8091;font-weight:600;line-height:1.5;\">Welding<\/div>\n<div style=\"flex:1 1 230px;min-width:0;padding:11px 14px;font-size:14.5px;line-height:1.7;color:#3d5260;word-wrap:break-word;overflow-wrap:break-word;\">Filler metal: American Boiler Company states that NIOBIUM-STABILIZED fillers (318\/347 type) should be used for welding 316Ti where elevated temperature weld strength matters, and that a 316L filler is enough for matching corrosion resistance.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">\n<div style=\"flex:0 0 118px;padding:11px 14px;background:#fdeceb;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:.09em;text-transform:uppercase;color:#c0392b;font-weight:600;line-height:1.5;\">Limits<\/div>\n<div style=\"flex:1 1 230px;min-width:0;padding:11px 14px;font-size:14.5px;line-height:1.7;color:#3d5260;word-wrap:break-word;overflow-wrap:break-word;background:#fdeceb;\">CHLORIDE STRESS CORROSION CRACKING: titanium DOES NOT reduce this risk. Outokumpu states that the Supra range austenitics (316L and 316Ti among them) are susceptible to chloride-induced stress corrosion cracking and that the risk arises when tensile stress, temperatures above about 50 \u00b0C and chlorides come together;<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"padding:14px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/en\/contact\/\" style=\"display:inline-block;padding:11px 20px;font-size:14px;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;margin:0 8px 6px 0;background:#dd3333;color:#ffffff;\">REQUEST A QUOTE<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/en\/stainless-steel\/\" style=\"display:inline-block;padding:11px 20px;font-size:14px;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;margin:0 8px 6px 0;font-weight:600;border:1px solid #12303f;color:#12303f;\">All stainless steels &rarr;<\/a><span data-dm=\"dm-teknik\" style=\"cursor:pointer;display:inline-block;padding:11px 20px;font-size:14px;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;margin:0 8px 6px 0;border:1px solid #dd3333;color:#dd3333;\">TECHNICAL DETAILS &darr;<\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"padding:9px 14px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-size:11.5px;color:#8a9aa4;line-height:1.5;\">Compiled from manufacturer data sheets \u00b7 confirm against the current specification before ordering<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><!-- \/dm-hap --><!-- dm-nav --><\/p>\n<style>h4[id^=\"dm-b\"]{scroll-margin-top:120px}#dm-teknik{scroll-margin-top:120px}<\/style>\n<div style=\"border:1px solid #d7dfe4;background:#ffffff;margin:0 0 22px;padding:12px 14px;\">\n<div style=\"font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:.09em;text-transform:uppercase;color:#6b8091;font-weight:600;margin-bottom:9px;\">On this page &middot; click to jump<\/div>\n<div><span data-dm=\"dm-b0\" style=\"cursor:pointer;display:inline-block;padding:5px 11px;border:1px solid #dfe6ea;background:#F7FAFB;margin:0 6px 7px 0;font-size:13px;color:#12303f;\">Standards by Product Form<\/span><span data-dm=\"dm-b1\" style=\"cursor:pointer;display:inline-block;padding:5px 11px;border:1px solid #dfe6ea;background:#F7FAFB;margin:0 6px 7px 0;font-size:13px;color:#12303f;\">Welding, Heat Treatment and Machining<\/span><span data-dm=\"dm-b2\" style=\"cursor:pointer;display:inline-block;padding:5px 11px;border:1px solid #dfe6ea;background:#F7FAFB;margin:0 6px 7px 0;font-size:13px;color:#12303f;\">316Ti or 316L?<\/span><span data-dm=\"dm-b3\" style=\"cursor:pointer;display:inline-block;padding:5px 11px;border:1px solid #dfe6ea;background:#F7FAFB;margin:0 6px 7px 0;font-size:13px;color:#12303f;\">Frequently Asked Questions<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><script>(function(){function go(id){var e=document.getElementById(id);if(e){var s=document.scrollingElement||document.documentElement;var y=e.getBoundingClientRect().top+s.scrollTop-118;if(y-0-0-0-0!==y){y=0;}window.scrollTo(0,y);}}function bind(el){el.addEventListener(\"click\",function(ev){ev.preventDefault();go(el.getAttribute(\"data-dm\"));});}function init(){var l=document.querySelectorAll(\"[data-dm]\");Array.prototype.forEach.call(l,bind);if(location.hash){if(location.hash.indexOf(\"#dm-\")===0){try{history.replaceState(null,\"\",location.pathname+location.search);}catch(e){}window.scrollTo(0,0);setTimeout(function(){window.scrollTo(0,0);},80);}}}if(document.readyState===\"loading\"){document.addEventListener(\"DOMContentLoaded\",init);}else{init();}})();<\/script><!-- \/dm-nav --><br \/>\n<span id=\"dm-teknik\" style=\"display:block;height:0;overflow:hidden;\"><\/span><br \/>\n<strong>Corrosion resistance:<\/strong> The corrosion resistance of AISI 316Ti is very good. Duplex grade 1.4462 can be specified for harsher environments.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Temperature capability:<\/strong> This product is grade 316 stainless steel produced with a titanium addition. It has high temperature capability and oxidation resistance and withstands temperatures of 600-700 \u00b0C. Because it contains titanium, the welding performance of grade 316Ti is often assumed to be poor, but that is a misconception. With very good weldability, 316Ti may nevertheless give way to 316L where a working environment demands extensive welding.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Machinability:<\/strong> Improving the machinability of grade 316Ti depends on very good, high quality practice during production and on the material being properly annealed. Where the use of a stainless steel with lower corrosion resistance is acceptable, grades such as 303 or 430F, which machine readily, can be used.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Heat treatment:<\/strong> The heat treatment requirements of AISI 316Ti are generally similar to those of AISI 316, although there may be some differences because of the titanium addition. It cannot be hardened by heat treatment.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Applications:<\/strong> The range of applications for the 316 stainless steel group is very wide because of the quality of the material. Grade 316 and its derivatives are frequently used, for example, in tanks and storage vessels for abrasive liquids, in the chemical and petrochemical industries, in steam boilers, in the paint industry, in food plants and in mining.<\/p>\n<p>AISI 316Ti is an excellent material for applications requiring resistance to intergranular corrosion, high temperature capability and chemical resistance. The titanium addition gives better weldability and corrosion resistance than AISI 316, which is why it is frequently chosen in fields such as chemical processing, power generation, marine and the medical industry.<\/p>\n<div style=\"border:1px solid #d7dfe4;background:#ffffff;margin:24px 0 18px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\">\n<div style=\"background:#DD3333;color:#ffffff;font-size:13px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.04em;text-transform:uppercase;padding:10px 12px;line-height:1.35;\">Chemical Composition<\/div>\n<p><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<table style=\"border-collapse:collapse;width:100%;font-size:15px;line-height:1.5;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\">C<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">Max. 0.08<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\">Mn<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">Max. 2.00<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\">Si<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">Max. 1.00<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\">P<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">Min. 0 \u00b7 Max. 0.045<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\">S<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">Max. 0.015<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\">Cr<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">Min. 16.5 \u00b7 Max. 18.50<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\">Mo<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">Min. 2.00 \u00b7 Max. 2.50<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\">Ni<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">Min. 10.50 \u00b7 Max. 13.50<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\">Ti<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">Min. 5xC \u00b7 Max. 0.70<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"border:1px solid #d7dfe4;background:#ffffff;margin:24px 0 18px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\">\n<div style=\"background:#DD3333;color:#ffffff;font-size:13px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.04em;text-transform:uppercase;padding:10px 12px;line-height:1.35;\">Mechanical Properties<\/div>\n<p><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<table style=\"border-collapse:collapse;width:100%;font-size:15px;line-height:1.5;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\">Tensile Strength (MPa)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">500-700<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\">Proof Stress (MPa)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">&gt;200<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\">Elongation A50 mm<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">40\/30<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\">Hardness Brinell<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">215 Max HB<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\">Density<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">8.00 g\/cm3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\">Melting Point<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">1400 \u00b0C<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\">Modulus of Elasticity<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">200 kN\/mm\u00b2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\">Electrical Resistivity<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">0.75 n\u03a9.m<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\">Thermal Conductivity<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">15 W\/m.K<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\">Thermal Expansion<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">15.9 x10^-6 \/K<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"dm-std\" style=\"border:1px solid #d7dfe4;background:#ffffff;margin:24px 0 18px;\">\n<div style=\"background:#DD3333;color:#ffffff;font-size:13px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.04em;text-transform:uppercase;padding:10px 12px;line-height:1.35;\">Standards and Equivalents \u00b7 AISI 316Ti<\/div>\n<div data-dmtw=\"1\" style=\"position:relative;overflow:hidden;\"><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"position:relative;z-index:2;overflow-x:auto;\">\n<table style=\"border-collapse:collapse;width:100%;font-size:15px;line-height:1.5;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\">Trade name<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">AISI 316Ti<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\">UNS<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">S31635<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\">W.Nr (DIN\/EN)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">1.4571<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\">AMS<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">5507 \u00b7 5524 \u00b7 5573 \u00b7 5584 \u00b7 5648 \u00b7 5649 \u00b7 5653<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\">ASTM<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">A276 \u00b7 A479 \u00b7 A484 \u00b7 A240<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\">Available forms<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">Round bar \u00b7 Flat bar \u00b7 Plate \u00b7 Sheet \u00b7 Tube \u00b7 Forgings<br \/><span style=\"font-size:13px;color:#6b7a84;\">All forms are supplied to order.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><!-- dm-zengin --><\/p>\n<h4 id=\"dm-b0\" style=\"font-size:19px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;margin:30px 0 10px;line-height:1.35;\">Standards by Product Form<\/h4>\n<p><!-- dm-diy-std --><\/p>\n<div style=\"border:1px solid #e3e9ec;margin:22px 0 26px;background:#fff;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\">\n<div style=\"background:#12303f;color:#fff;padding:9px 14px;font-size:14px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.3px;position:relative;z-index:2;\">STANDARDS BY PRODUCT FORM<\/div>\n<div style=\"position:relative;z-index:2;\">\n<div style=\"padding:12px 12px 2px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\"><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"overflow-x:auto;position:relative;z-index:2;\">\n<table style=\"width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:13.5px;min-width:430px;background:transparent;\">\n<tr>\n<th style=\"padding:7px 9px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:#12303f;background:#F2F6F8;border:1px solid #eceff1;\">Product form<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding:7px 9px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:#12303f;background:#F2F6F8;border:1px solid #eceff1;\">Standards<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">Plate<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">NO AMS NUMBER. ASTM A240 \/ ASME SA-240 (S31635) \u00b7 EN 10088-2 \u00b7 EN 10028-7 \u00b7 ISO 15510<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">Sheet and strip<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">NO AMS NUMBER. ASTM A240 \/ ASME SA-240 (S31635) \u00b7 EN 10088-2 \u00b7 ISO 15510<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">Round bar, flat bar (including square and hexagon)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">NO AMS NUMBER. ASTM A479 \/ ASME SA-479 (S31635) \u00b7 ASTM A484 (general requirements) \u00b7 EN 10088-3. IT COULD NOT BE CONFIRMED that ASTM A276 covers S31635; the confirmed specification for bar is A479.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">Wire<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">NO AMS NUMBER. EN 10088-3. It could not be confirmed that ASTM A580 covers S31635; Alloy Wire lists its product to ASTM A240 and EN 10088-3.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">Forging<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">NO AMS NUMBER. ASTM A182 \/ ASME SA-182 (F316Ti) \u00b7 ASTM A484 \u00b7 EN 10222-5 \u00b7 EN 10088-3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">Flange<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">NO AMS NUMBER. ASTM A182 \/ ASME SA-182 (F316Ti) \u2014 forged flanges, fittings and valve parts \u00b7 dimensions to ASME B16.5 \/ B16.47 \u00b7 EN 10222-5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">Fitting<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">NO AMS NUMBER. ASTM A182 \/ ASME SA-182 (F316Ti) is confirmed for forged fittings \u00b7 dimensions to ASME B16.9 \/ B16.11. ASTM A403 WP316Ti was seen only on vendor pages and the scope COULD NOT BE CONFIRMED.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">Seamless and welded pipe<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">NO AMS NUMBER. EN 10216-5 (seamless). IT COULD NOT BE CONFIRMED that ASTM A312 covers S31635; TP316Ti was not found in the A312 text that was read and was seen only on vendor pages. Before ordering, the grade list of the current edition of the specification must be confirmed.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">Seamless and welded tube (boiler, superheater, heat exchanger)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">NO AMS NUMBER. EN 10216-5. ASTM A213 \/ ASME SA-213 (TP316Ti) was seen in two independent sources (Fine Tubes manufactures its product to A213 and BS EN 10216-5; one tube maker&#8217;s A213 table carries a TP316Ti row); it did not pass the four-source threshold and is not counted as CONFIRMED.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"padding:6px 14px 12px;font-size:12px;color:#5b7180;line-height:1.7;border-top:1px solid #f0f3f5;position:relative;z-index:2;\">THERE IS NO AMS NUMBER FOR 316Ti. None of the producer bulletins or SAE sources searched gives an AMS number belonging to 316Ti. The AMS numbers of 316 and 316L (5524, 5648, 5507, 5653, 5573, 5690) DO NOT BELONG to 316Ti and cannot be ordered in its place. The only ASTM scope confirmed by four independent sources is A240. A479 (S31635) and A182 (F316Ti) were seen in two and three independent sources respectively and are marked accordingly. The S31635 scope COULD NOT BE CONFIRMED for ASTM A276, A312, A403 and A580; statements on vendor pages were not counted as sources. The EN numbers are for information; the acceptance criteria that apply are those of the specification the order was placed to.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><!-- \/dm-diy-std --><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 12px;font-size:15px;line-height:1.75;\">AISI 316Ti is the titanium-stabilised variant of 316, widely known in Europe as <b>1.4571<\/b>. Two points are critical when ordering. First, <b>EN 1.4571 and ASTM S31635 are not exactly equivalent<\/b> \u2014 the analysis ranges and the titanium minimum formula differ. Second, and the more frequent source of trouble: <b>ASTM A312, the most widely used stainless process pipe standard, does not include a TP316Ti grade.<\/b> On the ASTM side the correct reference for tube is A213.<\/p>\n<div style=\"border:1px solid #d7dfe4;background:#ffffff;margin:24px 0 18px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\">\n<div style=\"background:#DD3333;color:#ffffff;font-size:13px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.04em;text-transform:uppercase;padding:10px 12px;line-height:1.35;\">Standards by Product Form \u00b7 AISI 316Ti (S31635 \/ 1.4571)<\/div>\n<p><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<table style=\"border-collapse:collapse;width:100%;font-size:15px;line-height:1.5;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\">Sheet \u00b7 Plate \u00b7 Strip<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">EN 10088-2 \u00b7 EN 10028-7 \u00b7 ASTM A240 \/ ASME SA-240 (S31635)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\">Bar \u00b7 Shapes<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">EN 10088-3 \u00b7 EN 10272 \u00b7 ASTM A276 \u00b7 ASTM A479<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\">Forgings \u00b7 Rings \u00b7 Flanges<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">EN 10250-4 \u00b7 EN 10222-5 \u00b7 ASTM A182 Gr. F316Ti<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\">Seamless pipe \u00b7 tube<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">EN 10216-5 \u00b7 EN 10297-2 \u00b7 ASTM A213 \/ SA-213 TP316Ti<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\">Welded pipe \u00b7 tube<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">EN 10217-7 \u00b7 EN 10296-2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\">Fittings<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">EN 10253-3 \u00b7 EN 10253-4<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\">Wire<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">EN 10088-3 \u00b7 EN 10263-5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\">Welding wire<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">AWS A5.9 <b>ER318<\/b> &nbsp;=&nbsp; EN ISO 14343 W\/G 19 12 3 Nb &nbsp;=&nbsp; W.Nr 1.4576<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\">Welding electrode<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">AWS A5.4 E318-16 \u00b7 E318-17<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\">ASTM A312 (process pipe)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\"><b>Not covered<\/b> \u2014 there is no TP316Ti in A312; use A213 for tube<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 12px;font-size:15px;line-height:1.75;\"><b>EN versus ASTM chemistry:<\/b> EN 1.4571 has Mo 2.00\u20132.50% \u00b7 Cr 16.50\u201318.50% \u00b7 Ni 10.50\u201313.50% \u00b7 S \u2264 0.015% and <b>Ti \u2265 5\u00d7C<\/b>; ASTM S31635 has Mo 2.00\u20133.00% \u00b7 Cr 16.0\u201318.0% \u00b7 Ni 10.0\u201314.0% \u00b7 S \u2264 0.030% and <b>Ti \u2265 5\u00d7(C+N)<\/b>. The mechanical minimums differ too: EN 10088-2 requires yield \u2265 240 MPa for cold-rolled sheet against \u2265 205 MPa in ASTM A240. Do not assume one certificate satisfies both \u2014 <b>ask for dual certification<\/b>.<\/p>\n<h4 id=\"dm-b1\" style=\"font-size:19px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;margin:30px 0 10px;line-height:1.35;\">Welding, Heat Treatment and Machining<\/h4>\n<p><!-- dm-diy-isil --><\/p>\n<div style=\"border:1px solid #e3e9ec;margin:22px 0 26px;background:#fff;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\">\n<div style=\"background:#12303f;color:#fff;padding:9px 14px;font-size:14px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.3px;position:relative;z-index:2;\">HEAT TREATMENT \u2014 SCHEMATIC<\/div>\n<div style=\"position:relative;z-index:2;\">\n<div style=\"padding:10px 12px 2px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\"><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"position:relative;z-index:2;\">\n<div style=\"font-size:13.5px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;margin:6px 0 6px;\">TITANIUM STABILIZATION \u2014 what separates 316Ti from 316 and 316L<\/div>\n<table style=\"width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:13.5px;background:transparent;\">\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Step<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">TITANIUM STABILIZATION \u2014 what separates 316Ti from 316 and 316L<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Summary<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">This is not a heat treatment step; it explains why the cycle below is THE SAME for all three grades and where the difference comes from.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Note<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">What separates 316Ti from 316 is THE TITANIUM; what separates it from 316L is that IT BINDS THE CARBON INSTEAD OF LOWERING IT. The chromium (16.0-18.0%), nickel (10.0-14.0%) and molybdenum (2.00-3.00%) bands of the three grades are the same in ASTM A240; the heat treatment cycle is THE SAME; the solution annealing temperature and the cooling requirement are THE SAME. 316L solves the problem by lowering the carbon to 0.030% and pays for it in yield strength (170 MPa instead of 205 MPa in ASTM A240). 316Ti leaves the carbon at 0.08% and binds it with titanium as TiC; the carbon is not left free to form chromium carbide. The result: the sensitization resistance of 316L is obtained while the 205 MPa yield minimum of 316 is kept. And because the titanium stays bound at temperature as well, that resistance holds not only over the short heat cycle of a weld but also IN LONG-TERM SERVICE.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Requirement<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">Ti 5\u00d7(C+N) minimum to 0.70% maximum (ASTM A240, A479, A182) \u00b7 Ti from 5\u00d7C to 0.70% (EN 1.4571). The carbon ceiling is 0.08%, that is THE SAME as 316.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"padding:10px 12px 2px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\"><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"position:relative;z-index:2;\">\n<div style=\"font-size:13.5px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;margin:6px 0 6px;\">SOLUTION ANNEAL \u2014 this is the only valid heat treatment<\/div>\n<table style=\"width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:13.5px;background:transparent;\">\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Step<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">SOLUTION ANNEAL \u2014 this is the only valid heat treatment<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Summary<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">It reverses cold work, takes chromium carbides back into solid solution, renews the grain structure and restores corrosion resistance. IT DOES NOT RAISE STRENGTH, IT LOWERS IT. This is the delivery condition; ASTM A240, A276, A479, A312, A213 and A182 all call for the material in this condition.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Temperature<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">The sources differ at the ends of the band, EACH WITH ITS NAME: worldstainless grade sheet 1010-1120 \u00b0C \u00b7 Aalco 1010-1120 \u00b0C \u00b7 AZoM 1010-1120 \u00b0C \u00b7 ATI 1040-1175 \u00b0C (1900-2150 \u00b0F) \u00b7 Jacquet 1040-1175 \u00b0C \u00b7 thyssenkrupp 1.4404 1030-1110 \u00b0C \u00b7 Outokumpu 1000-1100 \u00b0C \u00b7 Sandmeyer at least 1038 \u00b0C (1900 \u00b0F). NO SINGLE NUMBER IS WRITTEN AND NO AVERAGE IS TAKEN. The practical envelope is about 1010-1175 \u00b0C. THE SPECIFICATION FLOOR IS SEPARATE and it is the binding one: ASTM A312, A213, A479 and A182 require at least 1040 \u00b0C (1900 \u00b0F).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Time<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">No single soak time could be confirmed by four independent sources, so none is given. The time is set by getting the whole section to temperature; extending it brings no benefit, it brings grain growth.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Cooling<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">RAPID COOLING IS MANDATORY \u2014 it is not a preference, it is a metallurgical condition. Water quench or rapid air\/gas cooling. The purpose is to pass the roughly 816-427 \u00b0C range before carbides can precipitate again (ATI, Jacquet). ATI gives the measure this way: the metal must be cooled from the annealing temperature to black heat in less than three minutes. ASTM A312, A213 and A479 say &#8216;quenched in water or rapidly cooled by other means&#8217;; ASTM A182 requires solution annealing plus quenching. Slow cooling voids the treatment: the part stays inside the sensitization band.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Purpose<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">After hot and cold forming; to restore corrosion resistance after welding; to recover a part that has been held in the sensitization band.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Specifications<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">ASTM A240 \u00b7 A276 \u00b7 A479 \u00b7 A312 \u00b7 A213 \u00b7 A182 \u00b7 A484 (general requirements)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"padding:10px 12px 2px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\"><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"position:relative;z-index:2;\">\n<div style=\"font-size:13.5px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;margin:6px 0 6px;\">STABILIZING ANNEAL \u2014 MEANINGFUL ONLY ON 316Ti<\/div>\n<table style=\"width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:13.5px;background:transparent;\">\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Step<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">STABILIZING ANNEAL \u2014 MEANINGFUL ONLY ON 316Ti<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Summary<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">An intermediate temperature treatment that completes the binding of the carbon by the titanium as TiC. It has no counterpart on 316 or 316L, because there is no titanium to bind the carbon. It is NOT a hardening step.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Temperature<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">IT COULD NOT BE CONFIRMED BY FOUR INDEPENDENT SOURCES, so no number is written on the card. What was found, WITH THE SOURCE NAMES: the ATI 316Ti bulletin 845-900 \u00b0C (1550-1650 \u00b0F) \u00b7 the PipingPipeline ASTM A240 316Ti page 845-900 \u00b0C (1550-1650 \u00b0F) for at least 2 hours followed by rapid air cooling \u00b7 the AZoM heat treatment article (for grade 321) 870-900 \u00b0C for 2 to 4 hours followed by rapid cooling. Fine Tubes and Elgiloy describe the treatment as an &#8216;intermediate temperature heat treatment&#8217; without giving numbers.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Time<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">No single soak time could be confirmed by four independent sources. PipingPipeline gives at least 2 hours and AZoM (for 321) 2 to 4 hours.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Cooling<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">Rapid cooling. PipingPipeline says rapid air cooling and AZoM says rapid cooling.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Purpose<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">To let the titanium react with the carbon and form titanium carbide, so that no free carbon is left to form chromium carbide during service. ATI and Elgiloy describe this as significantly reducing the susceptibility to sensitization in service.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Warning<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">AN UPPER LIMIT WARNING \u2014 SPECIFIC TO 316Ti: Outokumpu states that in the titanium-stabilized grade ANNEALING temperatures above 1070 \u00b0C may impair the resistance to intergranular corrosion. That warning does not exist for 316 or 316L and it means the upper end of the solution anneal must be held more carefully on 316Ti.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"padding:10px 12px 2px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\"><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"position:relative;z-index:2;\">\n<div style=\"font-size:13.5px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;margin:6px 0 6px;\">STRESS RELIEVING<\/div>\n<table style=\"width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:13.5px;background:transparent;\">\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Step<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">STRESS RELIEVING<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Summary<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">In an austenitic structure, stress relieving has to be done without passing through the sensitization band. That is why there is no single standard recipe.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Note<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">NO SINGLE NUMERICAL RECIPE IS GIVEN \u2014 no temperature\/time pair could be confirmed by four independent sources. What was found, EACH WITH ITS NAME: TWI states that most austenitic stainless steel weldments do not require postweld heat treatment, and gives about 400 \u00b0C for partial relief, about 1000 \u00b0C for stress corrosion cracking resistance and above 1000 \u00b0C for full solution annealing \u00b7 AZoM says below 400 \u00b0C gives only partial relief, 425-925 \u00b0C is effective but carries a sensitization risk, and the full answer is a solution anneal at about 1080 \u00b0C \u00b7 Alloy Wire gives 250 \u00b0C \/ 1 hour \/ air for 316Ti wire. PRACTICAL RULE: do not hold the part in the sensitization band in order to relieve stress; either do a partial relief well below the band (about 400 \u00b0C) or go to a full solution anneal and cool rapidly.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"padding:10px 12px 2px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\"><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"position:relative;z-index:2;\">\n<div style=\"font-size:13.5px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;margin:6px 0 6px;\">Range to avoid<\/div>\n<table style=\"width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:13.5px;background:transparent;\">\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Step<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">SENSITIZATION BAND \u2014 chromium carbide precipitation (M23C6)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Temperature<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">The sources differ at the ends of the band, EACH WITH ITS NAME: ATI 427-816 \u00b0C (800-1500 \u00b0F) \u00b7 Jacquet 427-816 \u00b0C \u00b7 worldstainless grade sheet 425-860 \u00b0C \u00b7 Aalco 425-860 \u00b0C \u00b7 AZoM 425-860 \u00b0C \u00b7 Alleima 450-850 \u00b0C \u00b7 Abrams 450-850 \u00b0C. NO SINGLE NUMBER IS WRITTEN AND NO AVERAGE IS TAKEN. The practical envelope is about 425-870 \u00b0C.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Note<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">A REGION TO AVOID. It is NOT a hardening step; this alloy is not precipitation hardenable. In this band chromium precipitates at the grain boundaries as chromium carbide (M23C6); the region next to the boundary is depleted in chromium and the material becomes open to intergranular corrosion (sensitization). In 316Ti the titanium binds the carbon as TiC and so prevents chromium carbide precipitation in this band: Alleima and Abrams put this as the prevention of intergranular corrosion during prolonged holding in the 450-850 \u00b0C range. BUT THE BAND DOES NOT GO AWAY; the titanium weakens it. Since the carbon ceiling stays at 0.08%, the effectiveness of the stabilization depends on the Ti\/(C+N) ratio. This is the place of 316Ti among the three grades: for a part that will run for a LONG TIME inside the band, this is the right grade.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"padding:6px 14px 12px;font-size:12px;color:#5b7180;line-height:1.7;border-top:1px solid #f0f3f5;position:relative;z-index:2;\">The scheme is schematic; the time axis is not to scale. No published TTT\/CCT curve was used, so no curve is drawn. THIS ALLOY IS AUSTENITIC: IT IS NOT PRECIPITATION HARDENABLE and cannot be hardened by heat treatment. There is NO AGEING STEP such as H900 or H1075 and no ageing diagram has been drawn. The STABILIZING ANNEAL below is NOT an ageing step; it raises neither hardness nor strength, it only binds the carbon as titanium carbide. Strength is raised only by COLD WORK. This alloy IS NOT PRECIPITATION HARDENABLE. There is NO ageing step (H900, H1025, H1075, H1150 and the like) and no ageing diagram has been drawn. The stabilizing anneal is NOT an ageing step; it raises neither strength nor hardness, it only binds the carbon as TiC. The heat treatment cycle is THE SAME for 316, 316L and 316Ti. The only structural extra step is the stabilizing anneal on 316Ti. The stabilizing anneal temperature could not be confirmed by four independent sources; what was found is given WITH THE SOURCE NAMES and no single number is written. The time axis is not to scale; no published TTT\/CCT curve was used. AN UPPER LIMIT SPECIFIC TO 316Ti: Outokumpu states that annealing temperatures above 1070 \u00b0C may impair the resistance to intergranular corrosion. That warning does not exist on 316 or 316L.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><!-- \/dm-diy-isil --><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:18px 0 6px;font-size:15px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;line-height:1.5;\">Welding<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 12px;font-size:15px;line-height:1.75;\">TIG, MIG\/MAG, covered electrode, submerged-arc, laser and resistance welding are all applicable; <b>oxy-acetylene welding is not used<\/b> because of the carburising risk. Preheat and post-weld heat treatment are not normally required. <b>There is no such product as &#8220;316Ti welding wire&#8221;<\/b> \u2014 titanium volatilises rapidly in the welding arc and does not carry into the weld metal, which is why AWS A5.9 has no ER316Ti classification. Where stabilised weld metal is wanted, the niobium-stabilised <b>ER318<\/b> (1.4576) is used; for service up to roughly 400 \u00b0C it is also welded successfully with <b>ER316L<\/b>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 12px;font-size:15px;line-height:1.75;\"><b>Knife-line attack:<\/b> in a narrow band immediately beside the weld that exceeds 1150 \u00b0C, the TiC dissolves. If the part later operates in the sensitisation range (~450\u2013850 \u00b0C), chromium carbide precipitates in that narrow band and intergranular corrosion follows. <b>This risk does not exist in 316L<\/b> \u2014 it is specific to stabilised grades and must be allowed for in the design.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:18px 0 6px;font-size:15px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;line-height:1.5;\">Heat treatment<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 12px;font-size:15px;line-height:1.75;\">The grade is fully austenitic; it <b>cannot be hardened by heat treatment<\/b> and work-hardens only by cold deformation. The single treatment applied is <b>solution annealing<\/b>: 1020\u20131120 \u00b0C in EN practice, a minimum of 1040 \u00b0C in ASTM A213, followed by water quenching or equivalent rapid cooling. One producer notes that annealing titanium-stabilised grades above 1070 \u00b0C can impair intergranular corrosion resistance and recommends 1070 \u00b1 40 \u00b0C; <b>in practice 1040\u20131080 \u00b0C is the safe band<\/b>. Hot working is carried out between 900 and 1200 \u00b0C and must be followed by solution annealing. The standard delivery condition is <b>+AT<\/b> to EN and annealed to ASTM.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:18px 0 6px;font-size:15px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;line-height:1.5;\">Machining<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 12px;font-size:15px;line-height:1.75;\"><b>316Ti is harder to machine than 316L.<\/b> Hard titanium carbonitrides increase tool wear and reduce machinability. The cutting edge must be kept sharp at all times; a blunt edge causes excessive work hardening. Thermal conductivity is low, so a generous, continuous coolant supply is essential. Delivery hardness is \u2264 215 HB (EN) \/ \u2264 217 HBW (ASTM) and rises markedly with cold work.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 12px;font-size:15px;line-height:1.75;\"><b>Surface finish \u2014 a disadvantage worth knowing:<\/b> hard titanium carbonitrides are torn out during polishing and leave comet trails. For that reason <b>1.4571 is not suitable for decorative or polished (BA, satin, mirror) finishes<\/b>; use <a href=\"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/en\/aisi-316l\/\">316L<\/a> for that work. Stabilised grades also carry a higher inclusion content than low-carbon grades, all else being equal.<\/p>\n<h4 id=\"dm-b2\" style=\"font-size:19px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;margin:30px 0 10px;line-height:1.35;\">316Ti or 316L?<\/h4>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 12px;font-size:15px;line-height:1.75;\">Technically the default is <b>316L<\/b>. 316Ti is justified only where high-temperature strength and permanent long-term resistance to sensitisation are required.<\/p>\n<div style=\"border:1px solid #d7dfe4;background:#ffffff;margin:24px 0 18px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\">\n<div style=\"background:#DD3333;color:#ffffff;font-size:13px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.04em;text-transform:uppercase;padding:10px 12px;line-height:1.35;\">Comparison \u00b7 316Ti (1.4571) versus 316L (1.4404)<\/div>\n<p><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<table style=\"border-collapse:collapse;width:100%;font-size:15px;line-height:1.5;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\">Stabilisation<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">316Ti: by titanium, carbon up to 0.08% is tolerated &nbsp;\u00b7&nbsp; 316L: by reducing carbon to \u22640.030%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\">Duration of protection<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">The protection in 316L covers the welding cycle; over long exposure at temperature low-carbon grades sensitise too. <b>The TiC in 316Ti is permanent<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\">High-temperature strength<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">316Ti is higher (carbon \u22640.08%); low-carbon grades are not recommended for elevated temperature<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\">Continuous service (in air)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">Approximately <b>850 \u00b0C<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\">Sensitisation range<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">Approximately <b>450\u2013850 \u00b0C<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\">Corrosion resistance<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">PREN \u2248 24 \u2014 the same level as 316\/316L. Titanium has an <b>adverse<\/b> effect on pitting and stress-corrosion cracking resistance<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\">Polishability<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">316Ti: not suitable &nbsp;\u00b7&nbsp; 316L: suitable<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\">Knife-line attack<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">316Ti: at risk &nbsp;\u00b7&nbsp; 316L: not applicable<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\">ASTM process pipe (A312)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">316Ti: not covered &nbsp;\u00b7&nbsp; 316L: covered as TP316L<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 12px;font-size:15px;line-height:1.75;\">Rule of thumb: <b>high temperature with long-term service \u2192 316Ti. Polished finish, cold forming, critical pitting or stress-corrosion resistance, or a US project specification \u2192 316L.<\/b> Other options: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/en\/aisi-321\/\">AISI 321<\/a> (titanium stabilised, no molybdenum) and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/en\/aisi-904l\/\">AISI 904L<\/a> (super austenitic).<\/p>\n<h4 id=\"dm-b3\" style=\"font-size:19px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;margin:30px 0 10px;line-height:1.35;\">Frequently Asked Questions<\/h4>\n<p style=\"margin:18px 0 6px;font-size:15px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;line-height:1.5;\">Can I treat 1.4571 and S31635 as equivalent on a certificate?<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 12px;font-size:15px;line-height:1.75;\"><b>Not exactly.<\/b> They are the same family but the analysis ranges differ: Mo 2.00\u20132.50% in EN against 2.00\u20133.00% in ASTM; the EN sulphur limit is half as high; ASTM sets a nitrogen limit and EN does not. The most critical difference is the <b>titanium minimum: 5\u00d7C in EN, 5\u00d7(C+N) in ASTM<\/b> \u2014 for nitrogen-bearing heats ASTM demands more titanium. Material certified to 1.4571 usually falls inside the S31635 range, but not automatically. The mechanical minimums also differ. Ask for dual certification and have the heat analysis checked against both ranges.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:18px 0 6px;font-size:15px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;line-height:1.5;\">Which filler metal should I use for 316Ti?<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 12px;font-size:15px;line-height:1.75;\">There is no 316Ti filler. Where stabilised weld metal is required, use the niobium-stabilised <b>ER318<\/b> (EN ISO 14343 W\/G 19 12 3 Nb, W.Nr 1.4576); the covered-electrode equivalent is E318-16 \/ E318-17. Alternatively it welds successfully with <b>ER316L<\/b>, which is adequate for service up to roughly 400 \u00b0C. Post-weld heat treatment is not normally required, but if the part will later operate between 450 and 850 \u00b0C, allow for the knife-line attack risk in the design.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:18px 0 6px;font-size:15px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;line-height:1.5;\">Why is 316Ti common in Europe and 316L in the US?<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 12px;font-size:15px;line-height:1.75;\">The reason is <b>specification inertia<\/b> more than technical merit. Once modern melting practice (AOD\/VOD) made low-carbon grades practical, 316L largely replaced the stabilised grades. In Europe, particularly in the chemical industry, 1.4571 continues in use as the &#8220;traditional&#8221; grade because of the cost of changing specifications on existing design drawings. On the US side the system recognises 316Ti only in A240\/A276\/A479\/A213\/A182; the most common process pipe standard, A312, has no TP316Ti grade, and AWS has no ER316Ti classification.<\/p>\n<p><!-- dm-diy-sert --><\/p>\n<div style=\"border:1px solid #e3e9ec;margin:22px 0 26px;background:#fff;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\">\n<div style=\"background:#12303f;color:#fff;padding:9px 14px;font-size:14px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.3px;position:relative;z-index:2;\">STRENGTH VALUES<\/div>\n<div style=\"position:relative;z-index:2;\">\n<div style=\"padding:12px 10px 0;\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 740 226\" style=\"width:100%;height:auto;display:block;\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" role=\"img\"><rect x=\"16\" y=\"6\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"#12303f\"\/><text x=\"34\" y=\"16\" font-size=\"11.5\" fill=\"#12303f\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">Yield (MPa)<\/text><rect x=\"146\" y=\"6\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"#7fa8bd\"\/><text x=\"164\" y=\"16\" font-size=\"11.5\" fill=\"#12303f\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">Tensile (MPa)<\/text><text x=\"16\" y=\"44\" font-size=\"12.5\" font-weight=\"bold\" fill=\"#12303f\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">ASTM A240 \/ ASME SA-240 \u00b7 plate, sheet and strip (S31635)<\/text><rect x=\"16\" y=\"50\" width=\"652.0\" height=\"15\" fill=\"#7fa8bd\"\/><text x=\"675.0\" y=\"62\" font-size=\"11.5\" fill=\"#5b7180\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">515<\/text><rect x=\"16\" y=\"68\" width=\"259.5\" height=\"15\" fill=\"#12303f\"\/><text x=\"282.5\" y=\"80\" font-size=\"11.5\" fill=\"#5b7180\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">205<\/text><text x=\"16\" y=\"108\" font-size=\"12.5\" font-weight=\"bold\" fill=\"#12303f\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">ASTM A479 \/ ASME SA-479 \u00b7 bar and shapes for boilers and pressure vessels (S31635\u2026<\/text><rect x=\"16\" y=\"114\" width=\"652.0\" height=\"15\" fill=\"#7fa8bd\"\/><text x=\"675.0\" y=\"126\" font-size=\"11.5\" fill=\"#5b7180\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">515<\/text><rect x=\"16\" y=\"132\" width=\"259.5\" height=\"15\" fill=\"#12303f\"\/><text x=\"282.5\" y=\"144\" font-size=\"11.5\" fill=\"#5b7180\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">205<\/text><text x=\"16\" y=\"172\" font-size=\"12.5\" font-weight=\"bold\" fill=\"#12303f\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">ASTM A182 \/ ASME SA-182 \u00b7 forged flanges, fittings and valve parts (F316Ti)<\/text><rect x=\"16\" y=\"178\" width=\"652.0\" height=\"15\" fill=\"#7fa8bd\"\/><text x=\"675.0\" y=\"190\" font-size=\"11.5\" fill=\"#5b7180\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">515<\/text><rect x=\"16\" y=\"196\" width=\"259.5\" height=\"15\" fill=\"#12303f\"\/><text x=\"282.5\" y=\"208\" font-size=\"11.5\" fill=\"#5b7180\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">205<\/text><\/svg><\/div>\n<div style=\"padding:12px 12px 2px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\"><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"overflow-x:auto;position:relative;z-index:2;\">\n<table style=\"width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:13.5px;min-width:430px;background:transparent;\">\n<tr>\n<th style=\"padding:7px 9px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:#12303f;background:#F2F6F8;border:1px solid #eceff1;\">Condition<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding:7px 9px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:#12303f;background:#F2F6F8;border:1px solid #eceff1;\">Hardness<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding:7px 9px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:#12303f;background:#F2F6F8;border:1px solid #eceff1;\">Yield MPa<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding:7px 9px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:#12303f;background:#F2F6F8;border:1px solid #eceff1;\">Tensile MPa<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding:7px 9px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:#12303f;background:#F2F6F8;border:1px solid #eceff1;\">Elongation<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">ASTM A240 \/ ASME SA-240 \u00b7 plate, sheet and strip (S31635)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">217 HBW max. \u00b7 95 HRB max.<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">205<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">515<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">40%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">ASTM A479 \/ ASME SA-479 \u00b7 bar and shapes for boilers and pressure vessels (S31635), annealed<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">\u2014<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">205<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">515<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">NOT CONFIRMED BY FOUR SOURCES \u2014 not given<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">ASTM A182 \/ ASME SA-182 \u00b7 forged flanges, fittings and valve parts (F316Ti)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">\u2014<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">205<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">515<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">NOT CONFIRMED BY FOUR SOURCES \u2014 not given<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"padding:6px 14px 12px;font-size:12px;color:#5b7180;line-height:1.7;border-top:1px solid #f0f3f5;position:relative;z-index:2;\"><b style=\"color:#12303f;\">EVERY ROW IS A SPECIFICATION MINIMUM for room temperature; these are NOT typical values, and a typical value never goes into a calculation. BECAUSE THIS ALLOY IS NOT PRECIPITATION HARDENABLE, the rows are split by SPECIFICATION and PRODUCT FORM, not by ageing condition; there is NO condition column such as H900 or H1075. The stabilizing anneal is not a strength condition either and has no column in this table. NOTE \u2014 THE SPECIFICATION SCOPE IS NARROW ON 316Ti: the only specification fully confirmed by four independent sources is ASTM A240. In the ASTM A479 (S31635) and ASTM A182 (F316Ti) tables the tensile and yield minimums were seen as 515 \/ 205 MPa, and because those two values are the same for S31635 across several specifications they have been put in the table; but the ELONGATION and REDUCTION OF AREA values of those two specifications did not pass the four-source threshold and are LEFT BLANK (the values found are in the &#8216;atlananlar&#8217; list). Because S31635 COULD NOT BE CONFIRMED in the texts of ASTM A276 and A312, no row has been opened for those two specifications. The tensile and yield minimums are THE SAME as 316 (515 \/ 205 MPa) and 30 and 35 MPa above 316L; that is where the practical value of 316Ti lies. COLD-WORKED TEMPERS ARE NOT IN THIS TABLE.<\/b> No row is a typical value; every row is a specification minimum. The tensile and yield minimums are THE SAME as 316 (515 \/ 205 MPa) and 30 and 35 MPa above 316L. That is the numerical advantage of 316Ti. Only the ASTM A240 row is fully confirmed by four independent sources; for A479 and A182 only tensile and yield are given. Because the scope could not be confirmed for ASTM A276 and A312, those rows are left BLANK; the phrases &#8216;A276 316Ti&#8217; and &#8216;A312 TP316Ti&#8217; on vendor pages were not counted as sources. A hardness ceiling was found only in A240 (217 HBW \/ 95 HRB). The 620 MPa tensile \/ 248 MPa yield \/ 54% elongation \/ 76 HRBW figures given by Elgiloy and Combmet are TYPICAL values, not specification minimums, and they have NOT been put in the table.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><!-- \/dm-diy-sert --><!-- dm-diy-kars --><\/p>\n<div style=\"border:1px solid #e3e9ec;margin:22px 0 26px;background:#fff;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\">\n<div style=\"background:#12303f;color:#fff;padding:9px 14px;font-size:14px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.3px;position:relative;z-index:2;\">316 \u2014 316L \u2014 316TI COMPARISON<\/div>\n<div style=\"position:relative;z-index:2;\">\n<div style=\"padding:8px 12px 0;font-size:13.5px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">A \u00b7 CARBON AND TITANIUM \u2014 ASTM A240 composition table (SAME TABLE). This is where the three grades start to differ.<\/div>\n<div style=\"padding:2px 12px 0;font-size:12px;color:#5b7180;line-height:1.6;\">ASTM A240 \/ ASME SA-240 composition table. All three UNS numbers are in this table.<\/div>\n<div style=\"padding:12px 12px 2px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\"><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"overflow-x:auto;position:relative;z-index:2;\">\n<table style=\"width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:13.5px;min-width:430px;background:transparent;\">\n<tr>\n<th style=\"padding:7px 9px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:#12303f;background:#F2F6F8;border:1px solid #eceff1;\">Criterion<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding:7px 9px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:#12303f;background:#F2F6F8;border:1px solid #eceff1;\">AISI 316<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding:7px 9px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:#12303f;background:#F2F6F8;border:1px solid #eceff1;\">AISI 316L<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding:7px 9px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:#12303f;background:#F2F6F8;border:1px solid #eceff1;\">AISI 316Ti<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding:7px 9px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:#12303f;background:#F2F6F8;border:1px solid #eceff1;\">Difference<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">Carbon (C) ceiling<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">0.08% max.<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">0.030% max.<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">0.08% max.<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">316L carries 2.7 times LESS carbon than 316. The carbon of 316Ti is THE SAME as 316 \u2014 316Ti solves the problem with titanium, not by lowering carbon.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">Titanium (Ti)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">Not in the specification<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">Not in the specification<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">5\u00d7(C+N) minimum, 0.70% maximum<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">This is the ONE element that sets 316Ti apart. Titanium ties up the carbon as TiC, so the carbon is not free to form chromium carbide.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">Chromium (Cr)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">16.0-18.0%<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">16.0-18.0%<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">16.0-18.0%<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">NO DIFFERENCE<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">Nickel (Ni)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">10.0-14.0%<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">10.0-14.0%<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">10.0-14.0%<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">NO DIFFERENCE<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">Molybdenum (Mo)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">2.00-3.00%<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">2.00-3.00%<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">2.00-3.00%<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">NO DIFFERENCE. Molybdenum is the same in all three; it is what separates the 316 family from 304 in pitting resistance, not what separates these three grades from each other.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">Nitrogen (N)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">0.10% max.<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">0.10% max.<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">0.10% max.<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">NO DIFFERENCE<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"padding:8px 12px 0;font-size:13.5px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">B \u00b7 SPECIFICATION MINIMUMS \u2014 ASTM A240 mechanical table (SAME TABLE, room temperature, solution annealed)<\/div>\n<div style=\"padding:2px 12px 0;font-size:12px;color:#5b7180;line-height:1.6;\">ASTM A240 \/ ASME SA-240 mechanical table. The values are SPECIFICATION MINIMUMS, not typical values.<\/div>\n<div style=\"padding:12px 12px 2px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\"><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"overflow-x:auto;position:relative;z-index:2;\">\n<table style=\"width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:13.5px;min-width:430px;background:transparent;\">\n<tr>\n<th style=\"padding:7px 9px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:#12303f;background:#F2F6F8;border:1px solid #eceff1;\">Criterion<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding:7px 9px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:#12303f;background:#F2F6F8;border:1px solid #eceff1;\">AISI 316<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding:7px 9px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:#12303f;background:#F2F6F8;border:1px solid #eceff1;\">AISI 316L<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding:7px 9px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:#12303f;background:#F2F6F8;border:1px solid #eceff1;\">AISI 316Ti<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding:7px 9px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:#12303f;background:#F2F6F8;border:1px solid #eceff1;\">Difference<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">Tensile strength minimum<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">515 MPa (75 ksi)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">485 MPa (70 ksi)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">515 MPa (75 ksi)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">316 and 316Ti are EQUAL; 316L is 30 MPa behind.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">Yield strength minimum (0.2%)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">205 MPa (30 ksi)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">170 MPa (25 ksi)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">205 MPa (30 ksi)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">316 and 316Ti are EQUAL; 316L is 35 MPa behind. That is the PRICE of low carbon, and 316Ti does not pay it.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">Elongation minimum<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">40%<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">40%<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">40%<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">NO DIFFERENCE<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">Hardness ceiling<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">217 HBW \u00b7 95 HRB<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">217 HBW \u00b7 95 HRB<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">217 HBW \u00b7 95 HRB<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">NO DIFFERENCE<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"padding:8px 12px 0;font-size:13.5px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">C \u00b7 HEAT TREATMENT \u2014 ASTM A479 heat treatment requirement (SAME TABLE)<\/div>\n<div style=\"padding:2px 12px 0;font-size:12px;color:#5b7180;line-height:1.6;\">ASTM A479 \/ ASME SA-479 heat treatment requirement; every austenitic grade falls under the same row. ASTM A312 and A213 state the same requirement.<\/div>\n<div style=\"padding:12px 12px 2px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\"><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"overflow-x:auto;position:relative;z-index:2;\">\n<table style=\"width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:13.5px;min-width:430px;background:transparent;\">\n<tr>\n<th style=\"padding:7px 9px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:#12303f;background:#F2F6F8;border:1px solid #eceff1;\">Criterion<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding:7px 9px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:#12303f;background:#F2F6F8;border:1px solid #eceff1;\">AISI 316<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding:7px 9px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:#12303f;background:#F2F6F8;border:1px solid #eceff1;\">AISI 316L<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding:7px 9px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:#12303f;background:#F2F6F8;border:1px solid #eceff1;\">AISI 316Ti<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding:7px 9px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:#12303f;background:#F2F6F8;border:1px solid #eceff1;\">Difference<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">Type of treatment<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">Solution anneal + rapid cooling<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">Solution anneal + rapid cooling<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">Solution anneal + rapid cooling<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">NO DIFFERENCE \u2014 NONE OF THE THREE IS PRECIPITATION HARDENABLE. None of them has an ageing step such as H900 or H1075.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">Minimum temperature<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">1040 \u00b0C (1900 \u00b0F)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">1040 \u00b0C (1900 \u00b0F)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">1040 \u00b0C (1900 \u00b0F)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">NO DIFFERENCE<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">Cooling<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">Quenched in water or rapidly cooled by other means<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">Quenched in water or rapidly cooled by other means<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">Quenched in water or rapidly cooled by other means<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">NO DIFFERENCE<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">Additional step<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">None<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">None<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">STABILIZING ANNEAL \u2014 only meaningful on 316Ti (see the heat treatment diagram)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">This is the only structural difference in the heat treatment cycle of the three grades.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"padding:8px 12px 0;font-size:13.5px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">D \u00b7 SENSITIZATION RESISTANCE \u2014 mechanism; this is NOT numerical laboratory data<\/div>\n<div style=\"padding:2px 12px 0;font-size:12px;color:#5b7180;line-height:1.6;\">This block is not a laboratory table; it is the direct consequence of the carbon and titanium difference in block A and is the common statement of the producers&#8217; technical bulletins. No numerical sensitization time\/temperature curve could be confirmed by four independent sources, so NONE IS GIVEN.<\/div>\n<div style=\"padding:12px 12px 2px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\"><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"overflow-x:auto;position:relative;z-index:2;\">\n<table style=\"width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:13.5px;min-width:430px;background:transparent;\">\n<tr>\n<th style=\"padding:7px 9px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:#12303f;background:#F2F6F8;border:1px solid #eceff1;\">Criterion<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding:7px 9px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:#12303f;background:#F2F6F8;border:1px solid #eceff1;\">AISI 316<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding:7px 9px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:#12303f;background:#F2F6F8;border:1px solid #eceff1;\">AISI 316L<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding:7px 9px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:#12303f;background:#F2F6F8;border:1px solid #eceff1;\">AISI 316Ti<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding:7px 9px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:#12303f;background:#F2F6F8;border:1px solid #eceff1;\">Difference<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">Mechanism<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">None \u2014 the carbon is free<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">The carbon ceiling is lowered (0.030%); there is little carbon to precipitate<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">Titanium ties the carbon up as TiC; the carbon cannot form chromium carbide<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">316L REDUCES the carbon, 316Ti BINDS it. Two different routes to the same end.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">Intergranular corrosion resistance after welding<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">Weld heat can precipitate carbides at the grain boundaries; on heavy sections and multi-pass welds the risk is real. A post-weld solution anneal is needed to recover the resistance.<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">Can be used as-welded; a post-weld solution anneal is not normally required.<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">Can be used as-welded; thyssenkrupp states that &#8216;due to the Ti-alloy, resistance to intergranular corrosion is guaranteed after welding&#8217;.<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">On this row 316L and 316Ti are both ahead of 316.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">LONG-TERM service in the 425-870 \u00b0C band<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">Not recommended if corrosion resistance in an aqueous environment is wanted afterwards.<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">Precipitation is much slower, but THE BAND DOES NOT GO AWAY; in long-term service the carbon still precipitates. The high temperature strength of 316L is also lower than that of 316.<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">The titanium stays bound at temperature as well. Alleima and Abrams put this as the prevention of intergranular corrosion during prolonged holding in the 450-850 \u00b0C range; ATI states that the alloy &#8216;can be used for extended periods at elevated temperatures without compromising its corrosion resistance&#8217;.<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">THE REAL ADVANTAGE OF 316Ti IS ON THIS ROW. 316L wins over the short heat cycle of a weld; 316Ti wins in long-term elevated temperature service.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">Price paid in yield strength<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">Does not pay it (205 MPa)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">Pays it (170 MPa)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">Does not pay it (205 MPa)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">This is the criterion that separates the three grades in one sentence: 316Ti gives the sensitization resistance of 316L while KEEPING the yield minimum of 316.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"padding:8px 12px 0;font-size:13.5px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">E \u00b7 HIGH TEMPERATURE CEILING \u2014 no single number is given, the sources are named instead<\/div>\n<div style=\"padding:2px 12px 0;font-size:12px;color:#5b7180;line-height:1.6;\">This block is NOT read from a single table of a single specification; producer bulletins and code sources use different criteria. For that reason the block is given as A LIST OF NAMED SOURCES rather than a numerical comparison, and it is not put on the same axis as the other blocks.<\/div>\n<div style=\"padding:12px 12px 2px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\"><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"overflow-x:auto;position:relative;z-index:2;\">\n<table style=\"width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:13.5px;min-width:430px;background:transparent;\">\n<tr>\n<th style=\"padding:7px 9px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:#12303f;background:#F2F6F8;border:1px solid #eceff1;\">Criterion<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding:7px 9px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:#12303f;background:#F2F6F8;border:1px solid #eceff1;\">AISI 316<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding:7px 9px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:#12303f;background:#F2F6F8;border:1px solid #eceff1;\">AISI 316L<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding:7px 9px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:#12303f;background:#F2F6F8;border:1px solid #eceff1;\">AISI 316Ti<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding:7px 9px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:#12303f;background:#F2F6F8;border:1px solid #eceff1;\">Difference<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">Oxidation resistance (non-pressure)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">worldstainless, Aalco, AZoM: 870 \u00b0C in intermittent service, 925 \u00b0C in continuous service<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">worldstainless, Aalco, AZoM: the same band is given as for 316<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">thyssenkrupp UK 925 \u00b0C continuous \/ 870 \u00b0C intermittent \u00b7 Alleima 850 \u00b0C in air, 750 \u00b0C in steam \u00b7 Abrams 850 \u00b0C in air \u00b7 Outokumpu about 800 \u00b0C non-pressure \u00b7 Virgamet 870 \u00b0C<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">The sources differ; no single number is written.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">Pressure vessel code ceiling<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">ATI and Jacquet: 816 \u00b0C (1500 \u00b0F) for ASME Section VIII, Division 1<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">ATI and Jacquet: 454 \u00b0C (850 \u00b0F) for ASME Section VIII, Division 1<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">Not confirmed by four independent sources \u2014 not given. Outokumpu writes that pressure code design values are given up to 400 \u00b0C.<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">This 362 \u00b0C gap between 316 and 316L was found in TWO sources (ATI, Jacquet) and did not pass the four-source threshold; it is given here with the source names for the record and has not been put on the card as a number.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"padding:10px 12px 2px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\"><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"position:relative;z-index:2;\">\n<div style=\"font-size:13.5px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;margin:6px 0 6px;\">Additional information<\/div>\n<table style=\"width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:13.5px;background:transparent;\">\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Compared with<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">AISI 316 (UNS S31600 \u00b7 1.4401) \u2014 AISI 316L (UNS S31603 \u00b7 1.4404) \u2014 AISI 316Ti (UNS S31635 \u00b7 1.4571)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"padding:6px 14px 12px;font-size:12px;color:#5b7180;line-height:1.7;border-top:1px solid #f0f3f5;position:relative;z-index:2;\">RULE: every block in this diagram is read from A SINGLE TABLE OF A SINGLE SPECIFICATION. Different specifications are not compared on the same row. All three UNS numbers (S31600, S31603, S31635) are WITHIN THE SCOPE of the specifications below, that is, they are listed side by side in the same tables under the same acceptance criteria. THE BLOCKS ARE NOT SUMMED AND ARE NOT PUT ON ONE AXIS. Every block is read from a single table of a single specification; different specifications are not mixed on one row. The heat treatment cycle is THE SAME for all three grades. The difference does not come from heat treatment: it comes from the carbon band in 316, from low carbon in 316L and from titanium stabilization in 316Ti. Molybdenum is 2.00-3.00% in all three grades; the pitting resistance difference is between the 316 family and the 304 family, not between these three grades. Block E is not a numerical comparison; because the sources differ, it is given with the source names. No row is a typical value; every number in block B is an ASTM A240 specification minimum.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><!-- \/dm-diy-kars --><\/p>\n<p><!-- \/dm-zengin --><\/p>\n<div class=\"dm-benzer\" style=\"margin:22px 0 0;padding:14px 16px;border:1px solid #e0e0e0;background:#FBFCFD;\">\n<p style=\"font-size:11px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.08em;text-transform:uppercase;color:#9aa3a8;margin:0 0 8px;line-height:1.4;\">Related grades<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0;font-size:15px;line-height:2;color:#333;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/en\/aisi-321\/\" style=\"color:#24BEE5;font-weight:600;text-decoration:none;\">AISI 321<\/a> &nbsp;\u00b7&nbsp; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/en\/aisi-904l\/\" style=\"color:#24BEE5;font-weight:600;text-decoration:none;\">AISI 904L<\/a> &nbsp;\u00b7&nbsp; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/en\/nitronic-50\/\" style=\"color:#24BEE5;font-weight:600;text-decoration:none;\">Nitronic 50<\/a> &nbsp;\u00b7&nbsp; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/en\/aisi-303\/\" style=\"color:#24BEE5;font-weight:600;text-decoration:none;\">AISI 303<\/a> &nbsp;\u00b7&nbsp; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/en\/austenitic-steels\/\" style=\"color:#666;font-weight:600;text-decoration:none;\">Austenitic steels \u2192<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p><!-- dm-ld --><script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"name\":\"AISI 316Ti\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/en\/aisi-316ti\/\",\"inLanguage\":\"en\",\"description\":\"AISI 316Ti is the titanium-stabilised variant of 316, widely known in Europe as 1.4571. Two points are critical when ordering. First, EN 1.4571 and ASTM S31635 are not exactly equivalent \u2014 the analysis ranges and the titanium minimum formula differ.\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"name\":\"Defence Metal\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/\"},\"publisher\":{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"name\":\"Defence Metal\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/\"},\"mainEntity\":{\"@type\":\"DefinedTerm\",\"name\":\"AISI 316Ti\",\"description\":\"AISI 316Ti is the titanium-stabilised variant of 316, widely known in Europe as 1.4571. Two points are critical when ordering. First, EN 1.4571 and ASTM S31635 are not exactly equivalent \u2014 the analysis ranges and the titanium minimum formula differ.\",\"inDefinedTermSet\":{\"@type\":\"DefinedTermSet\",\"name\":\"Defence Metal - metals and alloys\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/\"},\"alternateName\":[\"W.Nr. 1.4576\"],\"identifier\":[{\"@type\":\"PropertyValue\",\"propertyID\":\"Werkstoffnummer\",\"value\":\"1.4576\"}]}}<\/script><!-- \/dm-ld --><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>AISI 316Ti \/ (1.4571) \/ UNS S31635 \/ AMS 5507 \/ AMS 5524 DEFENCE METAL AISI 316Ti UNS S31635 \u00b7 W.Nr. 1.4571 \u00b7 X6CrNiMoTi17-12-2 \u00b7 16.0-18.0% Cr \u2013 10.0-14.0% Ni \u2013 2.00-3.00% Mo \u2013 C \u2264 0.08% \u2013 Ti 5\u00d7(C+N) minimum to 0.70% maximum (ASTM A240, A479, A182) \u2013 balance Fe. The EN 10088 band &hellip; <\/p>\n<p class=\"link-more\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/en\/aisi-316ti\/\" class=\"more-link\"><span class=\"screen-reader-text\"> &#8220;AISI 316Ti \/ (1.4571)&#8221;<\/span>devam\u0131n\u0131 oku<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":3526,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_title":"AISI 316T\u0130 \/ (1.4571) \/ UNS S31635 \/ AMS 5507 \/ AMS 5524 | Defence Metal","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"AISI 316Ti (UNS S31635, 1.4571) \u2014 AMS 5507 \/ AMS 5524. Titanium-stabilised 316 with resistance to intergranular corrosion at 600-700 \u00b0C.","inspiro_hide_title":false,"inspiro_hide_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"dm_sektor":[10,12,13,18,14],"class_list":["post-3659","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>AISI 316T\u0130 \/ (1.4571) \/ UNS S31635 \/ AMS 5507 \/ AMS 5524 | Defence Metal<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"AISI 316Ti (UNS S31635, 1.4571) \u2014 AMS 5507 \/ AMS 5524. 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