{"id":3625,"date":"2026-09-16T11:08:31","date_gmt":"2026-09-16T08:08:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/en\/aisi-f55\/"},"modified":"2026-09-25T21:14:54","modified_gmt":"2026-09-25T18:14:54","slug":"aisi-f55","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/en\/aisi-f55\/","title":{"rendered":"AISI F55 \/ (1.4501)"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><!-- dm-hap --><\/p>\n<h1 class=\"dm-ust-baslik\" style=\"font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,'Segoe UI',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif !important;text-transform:none !important;font-size:27px;line-height:1.3;font-weight:800;color:#12303f;margin:0 0 10px;letter-spacing:-.01em;\">AISI F55 \/ (1.4501) \/ UNS S32760<\/h1>\n<div style=\"border:1px solid #d7dfe4;background:#ffffff;margin:0 0 22px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\"><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"background:#12303f;padding:14px 16px 12px;position:relative;z-index:2;\">\n<div style=\"font-size:22px;font-weight:700;color:#fff;line-height:1.25;\">F55 (Zeron 100)<\/div>\n<div style=\"font-family:ui-monospace,Menlo,Consolas,monospace;font-size:12.5px;color:#b9cfdb;line-height:1.5;margin-top:5px;word-wrap:break-word;\">UNS S32760 \u00b7 W.Nr. 1.4501 \u00b7 X2CrNiMoCuWN25-7-4 \u00b7 in ASTM A240: 24.0-26.0% Cr \u2013 6.0-8.0% Ni \u2013 3.00-4.00% Mo \u2013 0.20-0.30% N \u2013 0.50-1.00% Cu \u2013 0.50-1.00% W \u2013 C \u2264 0.03% \u2013 balance Fe. THIS IS THE ONLY SUPER DUPLEX OF THE FIVE THAT CONTAINS TUNGSTEN, and the W band is binding in the specification. ASTM A240 places a further ACCEPTANCE CRITERION on this row: &#8216;Cr + 3.3 Mo + 16 N = 40 min.&#8217; \u2014 so PREN \u2265 40 is not a calculated result here but a specification requirement. It is a ferritic-austenitic (super duplex) stainless steel; it is NOT PRECIPITATION HARDENABLE, NOT AGED, and its only heat treatment is solution annealing followed by a quench.<\/p>\n<div data-dmkars-blok=\"1\" style=\"border-top:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.16);margin-top:13px;padding-top:11px;\">\n<div style=\"font-size:10px;letter-spacing:.09em;text-transform:uppercase;color:#7f9fb0;font-weight:700;margin-bottom:8px;\">Not to be confused with<\/div>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/2026\/09\/25\/aisi-f255-aisi-f55-difference\/\" data-dmkars=\"1\" style=\"display:inline-block;padding:4px 11px;border:1px solid rgba(36,190,229,.45);background:rgba(36,190,229,.12);border-radius:99px;margin:0 6px 6px 0;font-size:12.5px;font-weight:600;color:#9fe2f7;text-decoration:none;\">AISI F255<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/2026\/09\/25\/aisi-f55-aisi-f53-difference\/\" data-dmkars=\"1\" style=\"display:inline-block;padding:4px 11px;border:1px solid rgba(36,190,229,.45);background:rgba(36,190,229,.12);border-radius:99px;margin:0 6px 6px 0;font-size:12.5px;font-weight:600;color:#9fe2f7;text-decoration:none;\">AISI F53<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"position:relative;z-index:2;\">\n<div style=\"display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">\n<div style=\"flex:0 0 118px;padding:11px 14px;background:#F7FAFB;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:.09em;text-transform:uppercase;color:#6b8091;font-weight:600;line-height:1.5;\">For what<\/div>\n<div style=\"flex:1 1 230px;min-width:0;padding:11px 14px;font-size:14.5px;line-height:1.7;color:#3d5260;word-wrap:break-word;overflow-wrap:break-word;\">It is bought for seawater and hot chloride service where the PREN has to be guaranteed by the specification: seawater piping systems, offshore production equipment, pump and valve bodies, heat exchangers, sour service equipment.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">\n<div style=\"flex:0 0 118px;padding:11px 14px;background:#F7FAFB;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:.09em;text-transform:uppercase;color:#6b8091;font-weight:600;line-height:1.5;\">Forms<\/div>\n<div style=\"flex:1 1 230px;min-width:0;padding:11px 14px;font-size:14.5px;line-height:1.7;color:#3d5260;word-wrap:break-word;overflow-wrap:break-word;\">Round bar \u00b7 Flat bar \u00b7 Plate \u00b7 Sheet \u00b7 Pipe and tube \u00b7 Forgings. All forms are supplied to order.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">\n<div style=\"flex:0 0 118px;padding:11px 14px;background:#F7FAFB;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:.09em;text-transform:uppercase;color:#6b8091;font-weight:600;line-height:1.5;\">Standards<\/div>\n<div style=\"flex:1 1 230px;min-width:0;padding:11px 14px;font-size:14.5px;line-height:1.7;color:#3d5260;word-wrap:break-word;overflow-wrap:break-word;\">THERE IS NO AMS. ASTM: A182 \/ SA-182 \u2014 GRADE F55 (forged flanges and fittings) \u00b7 A240 \/ SA-240 (plate, sheet and strip) \u00b7 A276 \/ SA-276 (bar and shapes) \u00b7 A479 \/ SA-479 (bar and shapes) \u00b7 A789 \/ SA-789 (tube) \u00b7 A790 \/ SA-790 (pipe) \u00b7 A815 \/ SA-815 (wrought fittings) \u00b7 A314 (billets and bars for forging) \u00b7 A473 (forging stock). Rolled Alloys additionally lists A890, A928, A988 and A995. EN: 1.4501 \u00b7 10088-2 \u00b7 10088-3. NORSOK MDS D57 \u00b7 NACE MR0175 \/ ISO 15156 \u00b7 API 6A (Langley Alloys). ASME Section IX welding group P-No 10H (Rolled Alloys, Langley Alloys).<br \/><span style=\"font-size:12.5px;color:#7b8f9b;line-height:1.6;display:inline-block;margin-top:6px;\">&#8216;F55&#8217; IS a genuine ASTM A182 forging class code, not an alloy name. The duplex class list of ASTM A182 is: F50 = S31200, F51 = S31803, F52 = S32950, F53 = S32750, F54 = S39274, F55 = S32760, F57 = S39277, F59 = S32520, F60 = S32205, F61 = S32550, F65 =\u2026<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">\n<div style=\"flex:0 0 118px;padding:11px 14px;background:#F7FAFB;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:.09em;text-transform:uppercase;color:#6b8091;font-weight:600;line-height:1.5;\">Advantage<\/div>\n<div style=\"flex:1 1 230px;min-width:0;padding:11px 14px;font-size:14.5px;line-height:1.7;color:#3d5260;word-wrap:break-word;overflow-wrap:break-word;\">It is the only one of the five whose PREN IS GUARANTEED BY THE SPECIFICATION: ASTM A240 places the footnote &#8216;Cr + 3.3 Mo + 16 N = 40 min.&#8217; on the S32760 row. In the other four grades PREN is a result calculated from the composition and the specification does not make it an acceptance criterion;<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">\n<div style=\"flex:0 0 118px;padding:11px 14px;background:#F7FAFB;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:.09em;text-transform:uppercase;color:#6b8091;font-weight:600;line-height:1.5;\">Welding<\/div>\n<div style=\"flex:1 1 230px;min-width:0;padding:11px 14px;font-size:14.5px;line-height:1.7;color:#3d5260;word-wrap:break-word;overflow-wrap:break-word;\">FILLER METAL: for Zeron 100 the producer specifies its own over-alloyed filler \u2014 Rolled Alloys states &#8216;ZERON 100 is welded using ZERON 100X filler metal&#8217; and &#8216;ZERON 100X overalloyed weld filler for welding of ZERON 100 to itself and other stainless steels&#8217;.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">\n<div style=\"flex:0 0 118px;padding:11px 14px;background:#fdeceb;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:.09em;text-transform:uppercase;color:#c0392b;font-weight:600;line-height:1.5;\">Limits<\/div>\n<div style=\"flex:1 1 230px;min-width:0;padding:11px 14px;font-size:14.5px;line-height:1.7;color:#3d5260;word-wrap:break-word;overflow-wrap:break-word;background:#fdeceb;\">THE TEMPERATURE CEILING is about 300 \u00b0C; the reason is 475 \u00b0C embrittlement. Rolled Alloys gives two different figures in two documents: in the data book &#8216;not recommended for uses which involve extended exposure to temperatures greater than 572 \u00b0F (300 \u00b0C)&#8217;, and in the data sheet &#8216;greater than 600 \u00b0F as this causes a substantial\u2026<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"padding:14px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/en\/contact\/\" style=\"display:inline-block;padding:11px 20px;font-size:14px;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;margin:0 8px 6px 0;background:#dd3333;color:#ffffff;\">REQUEST A QUOTE<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/en\/stainless-steel\/\" style=\"display:inline-block;padding:11px 20px;font-size:14px;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;margin:0 8px 6px 0;font-weight:600;border:1px solid #12303f;color:#12303f;\">All stainless steels &rarr;<\/a><span data-dm=\"dm-teknik\" style=\"cursor:pointer;display:inline-block;padding:11px 20px;font-size:14px;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;margin:0 8px 6px 0;border:1px solid #dd3333;color:#dd3333;\">TECHNICAL DETAILS &darr;<\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"padding:9px 14px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-size:11.5px;color:#8a9aa4;line-height:1.5;\">Compiled from manufacturer data sheets \u00b7 confirm against the current specification before ordering<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><!-- \/dm-hap --><!-- dm-nav --><\/p>\n<style>h4[id^=\"dm-b\"]{scroll-margin-top:120px}#dm-teknik{scroll-margin-top:120px}<\/style>\n<div style=\"border:1px solid #d7dfe4;background:#ffffff;margin:0 0 22px;padding:12px 14px;\">\n<div style=\"font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:.09em;text-transform:uppercase;color:#6b8091;font-weight:600;margin-bottom:9px;\">On this page &middot; click to jump<\/div>\n<div><span data-dm=\"dm-b0\" style=\"cursor:pointer;display:inline-block;padding:5px 11px;border:1px solid #dfe6ea;background:#F7FAFB;margin:0 6px 7px 0;font-size:13px;color:#12303f;\">Standards by Product Form<\/span><span data-dm=\"dm-b1\" style=\"cursor:pointer;display:inline-block;padding:5px 11px;border:1px solid #dfe6ea;background:#F7FAFB;margin:0 6px 7px 0;font-size:13px;color:#12303f;\">PREN \/ PREW<\/span><span data-dm=\"dm-b2\" style=\"cursor:pointer;display:inline-block;padding:5px 11px;border:1px solid #dfe6ea;background:#F7FAFB;margin:0 6px 7px 0;font-size:13px;color:#12303f;\">Welding, Heat Treatment and Machining<\/span><span data-dm=\"dm-b3\" style=\"cursor:pointer;display:inline-block;padding:5px 11px;border:1px solid #dfe6ea;background:#F7FAFB;margin:0 6px 7px 0;font-size:13px;color:#12303f;\">Service Limits and an Honest Comparison with F53<\/span><span data-dm=\"dm-b4\" style=\"cursor:pointer;display:inline-block;padding:5px 11px;border:1px solid #dfe6ea;background:#F7FAFB;margin:0 6px 7px 0;font-size:13px;color:#12303f;\">Frequently Asked Questions<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><script>(function(){function go(id){var e=document.getElementById(id);if(e){var s=document.scrollingElement||document.documentElement;var y=e.getBoundingClientRect().top+s.scrollTop-118;if(y-0-0-0-0!==y){y=0;}window.scrollTo(0,y);}}function bind(el){el.addEventListener(\"click\",function(ev){ev.preventDefault();go(el.getAttribute(\"data-dm\"));});}function init(){var l=document.querySelectorAll(\"[data-dm]\");Array.prototype.forEach.call(l,bind);if(location.hash){if(location.hash.indexOf(\"#dm-\")===0){try{history.replaceState(null,\"\",location.pathname+location.search);}catch(e){}window.scrollTo(0,0);setTimeout(function(){window.scrollTo(0,0);},80);}}}if(document.readyState===\"loading\"){document.addEventListener(\"DOMContentLoaded\",init);}else{init();}})();<\/script><!-- \/dm-nav --><br \/>\n<span id=\"dm-teknik\" style=\"display:block;height:0;overflow:hidden;\"><\/span><br \/>\nAISI F55 (UNS S32760) is an alloy in the super duplex stainless steel class. Steels of this type are used in applications requiring high corrosion resistance and high strength in particular. AISI F55 has a super duplex structure combining ferritic and austenitic phases, and its composition and microstructure give excellent durability in demanding environments.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Corrosion resistance:<\/strong> UNS S32760 is a duplex stainless steel designed specifically for service in aggressive chloride-bearing environments, and carries tungsten and copper additions compared with UNS S32750. Together with high mechanical strength it has very good resistance to localised corrosion and to stress corrosion cracking.<\/p>\n<p>High resistance to stress corrosion cracking in halide-bearing environments. High resistance to pitting and crevice corrosion. High resistance to general corrosion. High mechanical strength. High resistance to erosion corrosion and corrosion fatigue.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Machinability:<\/strong> Because it has a super duplex structure, its machinability is generally similar to that of duplex steels. It is more difficult than other steels, however, because its high hardness, high strength and duplex phase structure all make the material harder to machine.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Heat treatment:<\/strong> Heat treatment consists of solution annealing at 1100 \u00b0C followed by quenching. For super duplex stainless steels such as AISI F55, heat treatment is carried out in order to improve the mechanical properties of the steel and to stabilise the phase structure. Heat treating duplex steels must be done carefully, however, because the phase structure can be degraded at high temperature.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Applications:<\/strong> 1.4501 is widely used in oil and natural gas, hydroelectric power, pressure vessels, pulp and paper, structural components and chemical tankers.<\/p>\n<div style=\"border:1px solid #d7dfe4;background:#ffffff;margin:24px 0 18px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\">\n<div style=\"background:#DD3333;color:#ffffff;font-size:13px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.04em;text-transform:uppercase;padding:10px 12px;line-height:1.35;\">Chemical Composition<\/div>\n<p><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<table style=\"border-collapse:collapse;width:100%;font-size:15px;line-height:1.5;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\">C<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">Max. 0.030<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\">Mn<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">Max. 1.00<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\">Si<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">Max. 1.00<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\">P<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">Max. 0.030<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\">S<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">Max. 0.010<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\">Cr<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">Min. 24.00 \u00b7 Max. 26.00<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\">Ni<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">Min. 6.00 \u00b7 Max. 8.00<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\">N<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">Min. 0.20 \u00b7 Max. 0.30<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\">Mo<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">Min. 3.00 \u00b7 Max. 4.00<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\">Cu<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">Min. 0.50 \u00b7 Max. 1.00<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\">W<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">Min. 0.50 \u00b7 Max. 1.00<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"border:1px solid #d7dfe4;background:#ffffff;margin:24px 0 18px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\">\n<div style=\"background:#DD3333;color:#ffffff;font-size:13px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.04em;text-transform:uppercase;padding:10px 12px;line-height:1.35;\">Mechanical Properties<\/div>\n<p><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<table style=\"border-collapse:collapse;width:100%;font-size:15px;line-height:1.5;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\">Tensile Strength (MPa)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">860<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\">Proof Stress (MPa)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">&#8211;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\">Elongation A50 mm<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">16<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\">Hardness Brinell<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">270 Max HB<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\">Density<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">7.90 g\/cm3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\">Melting Point<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">&#8211; \u00b0C<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\">Modulus of Elasticity<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">200 Gpa<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\">Electrical Resistivity<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">2.2 x10^-6 \u03a9 .m<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\">Thermal Conductivity<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">15.0 W\/m.K<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\">Thermal Expansion<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">13.0 x10^-6 \/K<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"dm-std\" style=\"border:1px solid #d7dfe4;background:#ffffff;margin:24px 0 18px;\">\n<div style=\"background:#DD3333;color:#ffffff;font-size:13px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.04em;text-transform:uppercase;padding:10px 12px;line-height:1.35;\">Standards and Equivalents \u00b7 AISI F55<\/div>\n<div data-dmtw=\"1\" style=\"position:relative;overflow:hidden;\"><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"position:relative;z-index:2;overflow-x:auto;\">\n<table style=\"border-collapse:collapse;width:100%;font-size:15px;line-height:1.5;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\">Trade name<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">AISI F55<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\">UNS<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">S32760 \u00b7 S32750<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\">W.Nr (DIN\/EN)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">1.4501<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\">ASTM<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">A182 \u00b7 A276 \u00b7 A479<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\">Available forms<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">Round bar \u00b7 Flat bar \u00b7 Plate \u00b7 Sheet \u00b7 Tube \u00b7 Forgings<br \/><span style=\"font-size:13px;color:#6b7a84;\">All forms are supplied to order.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><!-- dm-zengin --><\/p>\n<h4 id=\"dm-b0\" style=\"font-size:19px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;margin:30px 0 10px;line-height:1.35;\">Standards by Product Form<\/h4>\n<p><!-- dm-diy-std --><\/p>\n<div style=\"border:1px solid #e3e9ec;margin:22px 0 26px;background:#fff;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\">\n<div style=\"background:#12303f;color:#fff;padding:9px 14px;font-size:14px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.3px;position:relative;z-index:2;\">STANDARDS BY PRODUCT FORM<\/div>\n<div style=\"position:relative;z-index:2;\">\n<div style=\"padding:12px 12px 2px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\"><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"overflow-x:auto;position:relative;z-index:2;\">\n<table style=\"width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:13.5px;min-width:430px;background:transparent;\">\n<tr>\n<th style=\"padding:7px 9px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:#12303f;background:#F2F6F8;border:1px solid #eceff1;\">Product form<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding:7px 9px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:#12303f;background:#F2F6F8;border:1px solid #eceff1;\">Standards<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">Forgings, flanges and fittings<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">NO AMS. ASTM A182 \/ ASME SA-182 \u2014 GRADE F55 (S32760). Dimensions to ASME B16.5 \/ B16.47 \/ B16.11. Heat treatment per A182: 1100-1140 \u00b0C followed by a liquid quench.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">Plate<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">NO AMS. ASTM A240 \/ ASME SA-240 \u2014 PREN footnote: Cr + 3.3 Mo + 16 N = 40 min. \u00b7 EN 10088-2 \u00b7 1.4501<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">Sheet and strip<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">NO AMS. ASTM A240 \/ ASME SA-240 \u00b7 EN 10088-2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">Round bar and flat bar<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">NO AMS. ASTM A479 \/ ASME SA-479 \u00b7 ASTM A276 \/ ASME SA-276 (Conditions A and S) \u00b7 EN 10088-3 \u00b7 NORSOK MDS D57 \u00b7 NACE MR0175 \/ ISO 15156 \u00b7 API 6A<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">Forging stock, billets and bars<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">ASTM A314 (billets and bars) \u00b7 ASTM A473 (forging stock) \u2014 Rolled Alloys lists both in its specification list.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">Seamless and welded pipe<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">ASTM A790 \/ ASME SA-790 (1070-1140 \u00b0C + rapid cooling) \u00b7 ASTM A928 (welded with filler metal)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">Seamless and welded tube<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">ASTM A789 \/ ASME SA-789 (1070-1140 \u00b0C + rapid cooling)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">Wrought fitting<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">ASTM A815 \/ ASME SA-815 \u2014 post-weld heat treatment is mandatory: 1100-1140 \u00b0C + water quench<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">Castings (for information; outside the scope of this card)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">Rolled Alloys lists ASTM A890 and A995; the cast counterpart carries its own UNS number and is not subject to the same acceptance criteria as wrought S32760.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"padding:10px 12px 2px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\"><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"position:relative;z-index:2;\">\n<div style=\"font-size:13.5px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;margin:6px 0 6px;\">Additional information<\/div>\n<table style=\"width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:13.5px;background:transparent;\">\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">AMS note<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">No AMS number could be confirmed for this alloy; since the four independent source threshold was not met, no AMS number has been put on the card. &#8216;F55&#8217; is NOT an AMS number but an ASTM A182 forging class code, and it is valid only on the forging row.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"padding:6px 14px 12px;font-size:12px;color:#5b7180;line-height:1.7;border-top:1px solid #f0f3f5;position:relative;z-index:2;\">&#8216;F55&#8217; is valid only on an ASTM A182 forging order; on plate, bar, pipe and tube the relevant specification and UNS S32760 must be written. A314, A473, A890, A928, A988 and A995 are taken from the Rolled Alloys specification list; those rows rest on a single source and are for information.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><!-- \/dm-diy-std --><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 12px;font-size:15px;line-height:1.75;\">F55 \/ Zeron 100 (UNS S32760 \/ EN 1.4501) is the only super duplex grade carrying <b>both tungsten and copper<\/b>. The most commercially valuable fact on this page, however, is this: <b>a base ASTM A182 F55 certificate does not by itself prove pitting resistance<\/b> \u2014 the G48 corrosion test and the ferrite check are not performed unless they are separately called out on the order.<\/p>\n<div style=\"border:1px solid #d7dfe4;background:#ffffff;margin:24px 0 18px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\">\n<div style=\"background:#DD3333;color:#ffffff;font-size:13px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.04em;text-transform:uppercase;padding:10px 12px;line-height:1.35;\">Standards by Product Form \u00b7 F55 \/ Zeron 100 (S32760 \/ 1.4501)<\/div>\n<p><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<table style=\"border-collapse:collapse;width:100%;font-size:15px;line-height:1.5;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\">Sheet \u00b7 Plate \u00b7 Strip<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">ASTM <b>A240 \/ A240M<\/b> \u00b7 EN 10028-7 \u00b7 EN 10088-2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\">Bar<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">ASTM <b>A276<\/b> \u00b7 <b>A479<\/b> \u00b7 EN 10088-3 \u00b7 EN 10272<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\">Forgings \u00b7 flanges<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">ASTM <b>A182 \/ A182M Grade F55<\/b> \u00b7 A473 (general forgings) \u00b7 A314 (forging billet) \u00b7 A988 (HIP forgings)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\">Seamless \/ welded tube<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">ASTM <b>A789 \/ A789M<\/b> (tube) \u00b7 <b>A790 \/ A790M<\/b> (pipe) \u2014 both cover seamless and welded product<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\">Large-OD welded pipe<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">ASTM <b>A928 \/ A928M<\/b> (EFW pipe with filler metal)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\">Fittings<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">ASTM <b>A815 \/ A815M<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\">Cast equivalent<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">ASTM A890 \/ A995 Grade CD3MWCuN (UNS J93380)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\">Welding wire<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">AWS A5.9 \/ SFA-5.9 <b>ER2594<\/b> \u2014 an <b>over-alloyed<\/b> (nickel-rich) filler<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\">Welding electrode<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">AWS A5.4 \/ SFA-5.4 <b>E2594-15<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\">Offshore<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\"><b>NORSOK M-630, MDS D57<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 12px;font-size:15px;line-height:1.75;\"><b>WARNING \u2014 the most important commercial point on this grade.<\/b> ASTM A182&#8217;s own text states plainly: &#8220;<b>Supplementary requirements<\/b> are provided for use when additional testing or inspection is desired. These shall apply only when specified individually by the purchaser in the order.&#8221; So the base F55 table (like the A240 \/ A276 \/ A479 \/ A789 \/ A790 \/ A815 tables) sets <b>only chemistry and tensile, yield, elongation and hardness minimums<\/b>; it does not by itself impose a G48 pitting or crevice test or a numeric ferrite-balance requirement. That is why G48A testing and ferrite certification are marketed by producers as <b>services available on request<\/b>. Offshore projects invoke them routinely through NORSOK M-630 \/ M-650; commercial buyers often forget to. <b>If your order does not explicitly call out G48 \u2014 with practice, temperature and acceptance criteria \u2014 the mill certificate you hold most likely proves only chemistry and mechanical properties.<\/b><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 12px;font-size:15px;line-height:1.75;\"><b>Composition (S32760):<\/b> Cr 24.0\u201326.0% \u00b7 Ni 6.0\u20138.0% \u00b7 Mo 3.0\u20134.0% \u00b7 N 0.20\u20130.30% \u00b7 <b>W 0.50\u20131.00%<\/b> \u00b7 <b>Cu 0.50\u20131.00%<\/b> \u00b7 C \u22640.025\u20130.03% \u00b7 Mn \u22641.00% \u00b7 Si \u22640.80\u20131.00% \u00b7 P \u22640.025\u20130.03% \u00b7 S \u22640.005\u20130.01%. (Minor differences in the C\/P\/S\/Si maxima are normal: different standards in the same family \u2014 A182\/A240 versus A276\/A479 \u2014 carry slightly different limits.)<\/p>\n<h4 id=\"dm-b1\" style=\"font-size:19px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;margin:30px 0 10px;line-height:1.35;\">PREN \/ PREW \u2014 the Tungsten Trap<\/h4>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 12px;font-size:15px;line-height:1.75;\">For tungsten-bearing grades the correct formula is different, and this is the calculation catalogues most often get wrong:<\/p>\n<div style=\"border:1px solid #d7dfe4;background:#ffffff;margin:24px 0 18px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\">\n<div style=\"background:#DD3333;color:#ffffff;font-size:13px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.04em;text-transform:uppercase;padding:10px 12px;line-height:1.35;\">S32760 \u00b7 Calculating PREN<\/div>\n<p><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<table style=\"border-collapse:collapse;width:100%;font-size:15px;line-height:1.5;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\">The correct formula<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>PREN = %Cr + 3.3 \u00d7 (%Mo + 0.5 \u00d7 %W) + 16 \u00d7 %N<\/b> \u2014 the tungsten term is <b>halved<\/b> before being added to Mo<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\">Representative calculation<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">Cr 25.0 \u00b7 Mo 3.6 \u00b7 W 0.7 \u00b7 N 0.22 \u2192 <b>PREN \u2248 41.5<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\">Guaranteed minimum<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>PREN \u2265 40<\/b> (producer)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\">Common error 1<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">Treating %W as <b>1:1 equivalent<\/b> to %Mo<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\">Common error 2<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">Dropping the tungsten term altogether and applying the ordinary (Cr + 3.3Mo + 16N) 2205\/2507 formula \u2014 this <b>understates S32760&#8217;s real corrosion resistance by roughly 1\u20132 PREN points<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 12px;font-size:15px;line-height:1.75;\"><b>Mechanical minimums (solution annealed):<\/b> 0.2% yield \u2265 <b>550 MPa (80 ksi)<\/b> \u00b7 tensile \u2265 <b>750 MPa (109 ksi)<\/b> \u00b7 elongation \u2265 25% \u00b7 hardness \u2264 270 HB (\u224828 HRC max) \u00b7 reduction of area \u2265 45% \u00b7 Charpy V 80 J at room temperature and <b>60 J average \/ 45 J minimum at \u221246 \u00b0C<\/b>.<\/p>\n<h4 id=\"dm-b2\" style=\"font-size:19px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;margin:30px 0 10px;line-height:1.35;\">Welding, Heat Treatment and Machining<\/h4>\n<p><!-- dm-diy-isil --><\/p>\n<div style=\"border:1px solid #e3e9ec;margin:22px 0 26px;background:#fff;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\">\n<div style=\"background:#12303f;color:#fff;padding:9px 14px;font-size:14px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.3px;position:relative;z-index:2;\">HEAT TREATMENT \u2014 SCHEMATIC<\/div>\n<div style=\"position:relative;z-index:2;\">\n<div style=\"padding:10px 12px 2px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\"><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"position:relative;z-index:2;\">\n<div style=\"font-size:13.5px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;margin:6px 0 6px;\">1 \u00b7 SOLUTION ANNEAL + QUENCH \u2014 this is the only valid heat treatment<\/div>\n<table style=\"width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:13.5px;background:transparent;\">\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Step<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">1 \u00b7 SOLUTION ANNEAL + QUENCH \u2014 this is the only valid heat treatment<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Summary<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">It takes intermetallic phases back into solid solution, sets the ferrite-austenite balance and delivers the corrosion resistance the specification demands. IT DOES NOT RAISE STRENGTH. This is the delivery condition.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Temperature<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">There is a narrow spread between sources, EACH WITH ITS SOURCE: ASTM A182 F55 1100-1140 \u00b0C [2010-2085 \u00b0F] \u00b7 ASTM A815 1100-1140 \u00b0C \u00b7 Rolled Alloys 1100-1140 \u00b0C (&#8216;ZERON 100 should be solution annealed in the temperature range 2012-2084 \u00b0F (1100-1140 \u00b0C) followed by water quenching&#8217;) \u00b7 ASTM A479 1100 \u00b0C [2010 \u00b0F] \u00b7 IMOA 1100 \u00b0C [2010 \u00b0F] min. \u00b7 ASTM A790 and A789 1070-1140 \u00b0C [1960-2085 \u00b0F] \u00b7 Outokumpu (Forta SDX 100) 1040-1120 \u00b0C. NO SINGLE FIGURE IS GIVEN. Practical envelope: about 1070-1140 \u00b0C, with most sources taking 1100 \u00b0C as the floor. THIS IS THE HIGHEST ANNEALING TEMPERATURE OF THE FIVE GRADES.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Time<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">Until the whole section is at temperature. No numerical time was found in four independent sources, so none is given.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Cooling<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">QUENCHING IS MANDATORY. Rolled Alloys says &#8216;followed by water quenching&#8217;; ASTM A182 says &#8216;solution treat and quench&#8217; for F55 and requires cooling in a liquid medium down to 260 \u00b0C [500 \u00b0F]; ASTM A815 says &#8216;Water quench or rapidly cooled&#8217;; ASTM A790 and A789 say &#8216;rapid cooling in air or water&#8217;; Langley Alloys states &#8216;solution annealed and water quenched as standard&#8217;.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Resulting hardness<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">ASTM A240 ceiling 270 HBW \u00b7 ASTM A276 Condition A ceiling 290 HBW \u00b7 ASTM A479 ceiling 300 HB \u00b7 Rolled Alloys data sheet 28 HRC max. \u00b7 Langley Alloys \u2264 270 HB.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"padding:10px 12px 2px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\"><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"position:relative;z-index:2;\">\n<div style=\"font-size:13.5px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;margin:6px 0 6px;\">2 \u00b7 AFTER WELDING \u2014 AN INTERMEDIATE-TEMPERATURE STRESS RELIEF IS FORBIDDEN<\/div>\n<table style=\"width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:13.5px;background:transparent;\">\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Step<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">2 \u00b7 AFTER WELDING \u2014 AN INTERMEDIATE-TEMPERATURE STRESS RELIEF IS FORBIDDEN<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Summary<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">Where a heat treatment is required, a full solution anneal and quench is performed.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Temperature<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">ASTM A815 states the requirement for wrought fittings explicitly: &#8216;heat treatment shall be performed after welding and in accordance with the requirements of Table 1&#8217; \u2014 for S32760 that is 1100-1140 \u00b0C.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Time<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">Until the whole section is at temperature; no separate numerical time could be confirmed.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Cooling<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">Water quench or rapid cooling by other means.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Resulting hardness<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">The hardness of the solution annealed condition.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"padding:10px 12px 2px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\"><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"position:relative;z-index:2;\">\n<div style=\"font-size:13.5px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;margin:6px 0 6px;\">3 \u00b7 COLD-WORKED CONDITION (ASTM A276 Condition S) \u2014 this is NOT a heat treatment<\/div>\n<table style=\"width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:13.5px;background:transparent;\">\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Step<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">3 \u00b7 COLD-WORKED CONDITION (ASTM A276 Condition S) \u2014 this is NOT a heat treatment<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Summary<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">The only way to raise strength is cold work. ASTM A276 defines a separate condition for it; this is NOT an ageing or hardening heat treatment.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Temperature<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">\u2014<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Time<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">\u2014<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Cooling<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">\u2014<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Resulting hardness<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">ASTM A276 Condition S (cold finished): tensile minimum 860 MPa (125 ksi), yield minimum 720 MPa (105 ksi), elongation minimum 16%, hardness ceiling 335 HBW. These must not be confused with the Condition A (hot or cold finished, annealed) values.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"padding:10px 12px 2px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\"><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"position:relative;z-index:2;\">\n<div style=\"font-size:13.5px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;margin:6px 0 6px;\">4 \u00b7 PRECIPITATION HARDENING \u2014 THERE IS NONE<\/div>\n<table style=\"width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:13.5px;background:transparent;\">\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Step<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">4 \u00b7 PRECIPITATION HARDENING \u2014 THERE IS NONE<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Summary<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">This alloy has NO ageing stage such as H900 \/ H1025 \/ H1075 \/ H1150 and cannot be hardened by ageing.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Temperature<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">\u2014<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Time<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">\u2014<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Cooling<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">\u2014<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Resulting hardness<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">IMOA: &#8216;Duplex stainless steels will not form martensite during cooling. High strength and hardness in a duplex stainless steel are the result of high nitrogen content, the duplex structure itself, and work hardening.&#8217; The only way to raise strength is cold work, and cold work leaves residual stress.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"padding:10px 12px 2px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\"><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"position:relative;z-index:2;\">\n<div style=\"font-size:13.5px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;margin:6px 0 6px;\">TWO SEPARATE FORBIDDEN BANDS \u2014 (1) sigma and intermetallic precipitation, (2) 475 \u00b0C embrittlement<\/div>\n<table style=\"width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:13.5px;background:transparent;\">\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Step<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">TWO SEPARATE FORBIDDEN BANDS \u2014 (1) sigma and intermetallic precipitation, (2) 475 \u00b0C embrittlement<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">What happens<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">BAND 1 \u2014 SIGMA AND INTERMETALLIC PHASES (about 600-1000 \u00b0C): sigma, chi and similar intermetallics precipitate from the ferrite. IMOA: &#8216;The presence of sigma phase decreases the pitting resistance of duplex stainless steels, due to the depletion of chromium and molybdenum in surrounding areas&#8217; and &#8216;Toughness and ductility are also sharply reduced when intermetallic phase precipitation occurs.&#8217; IMOA also states &#8216;Detrimental phases can form in a matter of minutes at the critical temperature&#8217; \u2014 this band is measured in minutes, not hours. BAND 2 \u2014 475 \u00b0C EMBRITTLEMENT (about 300-525 \u00b0C): alpha prime (\u03b1&#8217;) precipitates inside the ferrite, the material hardens and loses toughness. IMOA: &#8216;Alpha prime can form in the ferrite phase of duplex stainless steels below about 525 \u00b0C.&#8217; This band sets the SERVICE TEMPERATURE CEILING of duplex steels; IMOA: &#8216;The upper temperature limit for duplex stainless steel service is controlled by alpha prime formation.&#8217;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">As named in the source<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">SIGMA \/ INTERMETALLIC BAND, every figure with its source: IMOA 700-1000 \u00b0C (&#8216;Sigma phase and other intermetallic phases such as chi can precipitate from the ferrite &#8230; on cooling too slowly through the temperature range of 700-1000 \u00b0C&#8217;), and 700-950 \u00b0C for the 2205 sigma field \u00b7 Outokumpu 600-1000 \u00b0C (&#8216;Intermetallic phases such as sigma phase occurs in the temperature range 600-1000 \u00b0C&#8217;) \u00b7 Industeel 1000-600 \u00b0C (&#8216;At high temperature: 1000-600 \u00b0C (1830-1110 \u00b0F), the \u03b1 phase may transform in \u03b1, \u03c7,&#8230; intermetallic phases&#8217;) \u00b7 Rolled Alloys 1300-1800 \u00b0F, i.e. 704-982 \u00b0C (&#8216;Sigma phase will precipitate upon exposure to temperatures within the 1300-1800 \u00b0F range&#8217;) \u00b7 Sandmeyer 1300-1800 \u00b0F, i.e. 704-982 \u00b0C. PRACTICAL ENVELOPE: about 600-1000 \u00b0C. NO SINGLE FIGURE IS GIVEN AND NO AVERAGE IS TAKEN. 475 \u00b0C EMBRITTLEMENT BAND, every figure with its source: IMOA 300-525 \u00b0C \u00b7 Rolled Alloys 650-980 \u00b0F, i.e. 343-527 \u00b0C (&#8216;Exposure to temperatures in the 650-980 \u00b0F range causes the precipitation of alpha prime in the ferritic portion of the material. This phenomenon is also referred to as 885 \u00b0F embrittlement&#8217;) \u00b7 Outokumpu 350-500 \u00b0C (&#8216;decomposition of ferrite occurs in the range 350-500 \u00b0C (475 \u00b0C embrittlement)&#8217;) \u00b7 Industeel 300-500 \u00b0C (&#8216;At lower temperature (300-500 \u00b0C) the \u03b1 phase transforms in \u03b1\u2032 resulting in a hardening&#8217;). PRACTICAL ENVELOPE: about 300-525 \u00b0C.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Kinetik uyarisi<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">KINETICS NOTE \u2014 SUPER DUPLEX: S32760 is a super duplex and its sigma kinetics are MARKEDLY FASTER than those of standard duplex 2205. IMOA states the rule: &#8216;Precipitates tend to form quicker with increasing alloy content as shown in Figure 4 where the start curve for 2507 is to the left (shorter time) of the one for 2205.&#8217; The chromium, molybdenum and nitrogen of S32760 all sit above those of 2205, so its curve moves further to the left. The practical consequence: a cooling delay that 2205 tolerates is not tolerated here. IMOA also states &#8216;Detrimental phases can form in a matter of minutes at the critical temperature.&#8217; This grade also has the highest annealing temperature (A182 F55: 1100-1140 \u00b0C), so the temperature range the part has to cross through the forbidden band is wider and the quench arrangement has to be correspondingly faster.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">En sik hata<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">THE MOST COMMON MISTAKE: cooling slowly after solution annealing, or leaving the part in the furnace to cool on its own. Rolled Alloys puts the measure plainly: &#8216;It is important to cool to below 700 \u00b0F as quickly as possible. If the cooling rate is too slow, it will lead to decreased corrosion resistance and lowered impact strength.&#8217; IMOA says the same: &#8216;Allowing a plate or a fitting to cool into the 700-980 \u00b0C range prior to quenching may lead to the formation of intermetallic phases.&#8217; THE SECOND MISTAKE: applying an intermediate-temperature stress-relief anneal as one would on an austenitic stainless \u2014 on a duplex steel that anneal lands inside the sigma band.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"padding:6px 14px 12px;font-size:12px;color:#5b7180;line-height:1.7;border-top:1px solid #f0f3f5;position:relative;z-index:2;\">The diagram is schematic; the time axis is NOT to scale. No published TTT\/CCT curve was used, so no curve is drawn. THIS ALLOY IS A DUPLEX (ferritic-austenitic) STAINLESS STEEL: it is NOT PRECIPITATION HARDENABLE, it is NOT AGED, and it does not transform to martensite on cooling. There is NO ageing step such as H900 \/ H1025 \/ H1075 \/ H1150 and no ageing diagram is drawn. IMOA states: &#8216;Duplex stainless steels will not form martensite during cooling. High strength and hardness in a duplex stainless steel are the result of high nitrogen content, the duplex structure itself, and work hardening.&#8217; The only valid heat treatment is SOLUTION ANNEALING FOLLOWED BY RAPID QUENCHING; strength comes from the composition, the two-phase structure and cold work. The diagram is schematic; the time axis is not to scale. No published TTT\/CCT curve was used, so no curve is drawn. The stages are NOT ageing stages; this alloy is not precipitation hardenable.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><!-- \/dm-diy-isil --><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:18px 0 6px;font-size:15px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;line-height:1.5;\">Welding<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 12px;font-size:15px;line-height:1.75;\"><b>Processes:<\/b> GTAW, GMAW, SMAW and SAW. <b>Heat input<\/b> is specified separately for root and fill passes and by wall thickness: GTAW root ~1.2 kJ\/in, second pass ~0.8 kJ\/in, fill ~1.5 kJ\/in; SAW 23\u201330 kJ\/in; GMAW 25\u201338 kJ\/in in 1G and 15\u201320 kJ\/in in 5G\/6G; manual arc root passes scale from 10\u201315 kJ\/in on thin wall (2.9 mm) to 38\u201346 kJ\/in on thick wall (17.8 mm). <b>Maximum interpass temperature: below 149 \u00b0C (300 \u00b0F)<\/b> throughout welding. <b>Preheat is normally not required<\/b>; it is used up to 100 \u00b0C when the material is wet or below 5 \u00b0C, or for heavily restrained thick sections. <b>Filler: ER2594 \/ E2594-15<\/b> \u2014 an <b>over-alloyed<\/b> (nickel-enriched) type, and that distinction is critical (see below). <b>Shielding gas:<\/b> root pass \u2014 commercial-purity argon with ~0.5% O\u2082 monitored, or argon + 2% N\u2082; fill passes \u2014 pure argon or argon + 2% N\u2082; GMAW \u2014 100% Ar or Ar + 35% He + 2% CO\u2082. GTAW gas purity 99.995% at 17\u201325 ft\u00b3\/hr. <b>Root protection:<\/b> a continuous argon back-purge (20\u201330 ft\u00b3\/hr) maintained until at least 12.7 mm of weld has been deposited.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:18px 0 6px;font-size:15px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;line-height:1.5;\">Post-weld heat treatment \u2014 it depends on the filler<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 12px;font-size:15px;line-height:1.75;\">This is a verified distinction with a direct cost consequence for the buyer: <b>when the over-alloyed filler (ER2594 type) is used, no post-weld heat treatment is necessary.<\/b> If a <b>matching-composition<\/b> filler is chosen instead for cost reasons, the joint <b>does<\/b> require a post-weld solution anneal plus water quench. So the &#8220;matching filler is cheaper&#8221; calculation should never be made without adding the post-weld heat-treatment cost.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:18px 0 6px;font-size:15px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;line-height:1.5;\">Heat treatment<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 12px;font-size:15px;line-height:1.75;\"><b>Delivery condition: solution annealed and water quenched (standard).<\/b> A grade-specific solution annealing temperature for S32760 is not stated in the mill datasheets reviewed; representative ranges for the duplex family are a minimum of 1040 \u00b0C for 2205 and 1025\u20131125 \u00b0C for 2507 \u2014 <b>confirm the grade-specific value against a mill datasheet<\/b>; none is invented here. <b>Why the quench is mandatory:<\/b> cooling slowly through the 700\u20131000 \u00b0C intermetallic window risks sigma and chi precipitation within minutes, which severely degrades both corrosion resistance and toughness; water quenching is the only practical way to cross that window fast enough. <b>475 \u00b0C embrittlement: 300\u2013525 \u00b0C<\/b> (alpha-prime formation in the ferrite phase). <b>Ferrite acceptance range:<\/b> no S32760-specific numeric range was found in the mill datasheets; general duplex guidance gives 30\u201370% in the base metal and 25\u201375% (FN 30\u201390) in weld metal. Treat any single fixed figure quoted elsewhere (for example &#8220;35\u201365%&#8221;) as unverified for this grade.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:18px 0 6px;font-size:15px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;line-height:1.5;\">Machining and hot forming<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 12px;font-size:15px;line-height:1.75;\"><b>Cutting speeds:<\/b> roughly 98\u2013213 ft\/min in rough turning, with ISO P45 carbide inserts and a dedicated cutting oil recommended. <b>For close-tolerance work the producer recommends this sequence:<\/b> rough machine to about a 2 mm envelope on final size, <b>stabilise for at least 12 hours at room temperature<\/b>, then finish machine to size \u2014 residual stress relief between roughing and finishing passes is expected. No numeric machinability comparison against 316L or 2205, work-hardening rate or power requirement is given in the sources reviewed; do not publish a percentage. <b>Hot-working range: 1100\u20131280 \u00b0C.<\/b> Minimum finishing temperature and cold-forming notes could not be verified.<\/p>\n<h4 id=\"dm-b3\" style=\"font-size:19px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;margin:30px 0 10px;line-height:1.35;\">Service Limits and an Honest Comparison with F53<\/h4>\n<p><!-- dm-diy-kars --><\/p>\n<div style=\"border:1px solid #e3e9ec;margin:22px 0 26px;background:#fff;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\">\n<div style=\"background:#12303f;color:#fff;padding:9px 14px;font-size:14px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.3px;position:relative;z-index:2;\">THE FIVE DUPLEX \/ SUPER DUPLEX GRADES COMPARED BY PREN<\/div>\n<div style=\"position:relative;z-index:2;\">\n<div style=\"padding:10px 14px 0;font-size:12.5px;color:#5b7180;line-height:1.7;\">PITTING RESISTANCE EQUIVALENT NUMBER (PREN). This is the quantity that ranks these grades; yield or tensile strength does not.<\/div>\n<div style=\"padding:8px 12px 0;font-size:13.5px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">A \u00b7 PREN \u2014 calculated from the ASTM A240 composition band (SAME FORMULA, SAME TABLE)<\/div>\n<div style=\"padding:2px 12px 0;font-size:12px;color:#5b7180;line-height:1.6;\">ASTM A240 \/ ASME SA-240 composition table. All five UNS numbers are in it. The figures are calculated, not measured.<\/div>\n<div style=\"padding:12px 12px 2px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\"><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"overflow-x:auto;position:relative;z-index:2;\">\n<table style=\"width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:13.5px;min-width:430px;background:transparent;\">\n<tr>\n<th style=\"padding:7px 9px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:#12303f;background:#F2F6F8;border:1px solid #eceff1;\">Criterion<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding:7px 9px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:#12303f;background:#F2F6F8;border:1px solid #eceff1;\">Criterion<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding:7px 9px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:#12303f;background:#F2F6F8;border:1px solid #eceff1;\">Bilesim a240<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding:7px 9px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:#12303f;background:#F2F6F8;border:1px solid #eceff1;\">Bilesim a240<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding:7px 9px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:#12303f;background:#F2F6F8;border:1px solid #eceff1;\">Pren hesap<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding:7px 9px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:#12303f;background:#F2F6F8;border:1px solid #eceff1;\">Pren hesap<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding:7px 9px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:#12303f;background:#F2F6F8;border:1px solid #eceff1;\">Pren yayimlanan<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding:7px 9px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:#12303f;background:#F2F6F8;border:1px solid #eceff1;\">Pren yayimlanan<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding:7px 9px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:#12303f;background:#F2F6F8;border:1px solid #eceff1;\">Note<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding:7px 9px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:#12303f;background:#F2F6F8;border:1px solid #eceff1;\">Note<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">AISI 329 \u00b7 UNS S32900 \u00b7 1.4460<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">AISI 329 \u00b7 UNS S32900 \u00b7 1.4460<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">Cr 23.0-28.0% \u00b7 Mo 1.00-2.00% \u00b7 N NOT specified<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">Cr 23.0-28.0% \u00b7 Mo 1.00-2.00% \u00b7 N NOT specified<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">26.3 &#8211; 34.6<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">26.3 &#8211; 34.6<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">IMOA typical 30-31<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">IMOA typical 30-31<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">THE NITROGEN TERM IS ZERO. ASTM A240 and A789 set no nitrogen requirement for S32900, so the third term of PREN never forms in this grade. This is the lowest PREN of the five.<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">THE NITROGEN TERM IS ZERO. ASTM A240 and A789 set no nitrogen requirement for S32900, so the third term of PREN never forms in this grade. This is the lowest PREN of the five.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">AISI 318 \/ 2205 \u00b7 UNS S32205 \u00b7 1.4462<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">AISI 318 \/ 2205 \u00b7 UNS S32205 \u00b7 1.4462<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">Cr 22.0-23.0% \u00b7 Mo 3.00-3.50% \u00b7 N 0.14-0.20%<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">Cr 22.0-23.0% \u00b7 Mo 3.00-3.50% \u00b7 N 0.14-0.20%<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">34.1 &#8211; 37.8<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">34.1 &#8211; 37.8<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">IMOA 35-36 \u00b7 Outokumpu 35 \u00b7 NeoNickel 35 \u00b7 Sandmeyer and Rolled Alloys \u2265 34 \u00b7 Langley 34 \u00b7 Industeel \u2265 33-34<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">IMOA 35-36 \u00b7 Outokumpu 35 \u00b7 NeoNickel 35 \u00b7 Sandmeyer and Rolled Alloys \u2265 34 \u00b7 Langley 34 \u00b7 Industeel \u2265 33-34<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">A standard duplex. It is NOT a super duplex; its PREN floor is below 40.<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">A standard duplex. It is NOT a super duplex; its PREN floor is below 40.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">UNS S31803 \u00b7 1.4462 (the older, wide-band version of 2205)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">UNS S31803 \u00b7 1.4462 (the older, wide-band version of 2205)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">Cr 21.0-23.0% \u00b7 Mo 2.50-3.50% \u00b7 N 0.08-0.20%<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">Cr 21.0-23.0% \u00b7 Mo 2.50-3.50% \u00b7 N 0.08-0.20%<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">30.5 &#8211; 37.8<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">30.5 &#8211; 37.8<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">IMOA 33-35<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">IMOA 33-35<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">THIS IS THE MOST IMPORTANT ROW OF THE COMPARISON: the lower end of the S31803 band falls to PREN 30.5, so a fully COMPLIANT S31803 heat can sit 3.6 points below the S32205 floor of 34.1. The two carry the same W.Nr. (1.4462) but they are NOT equivalent.<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">THIS IS THE MOST IMPORTANT ROW OF THE COMPARISON: the lower end of the S31803 band falls to PREN 30.5, so a fully COMPLIANT S31803 heat can sit 3.6 points below the S32205 floor of 34.1. The two carry the same W.Nr. (1.4462) but they are NOT equivalent.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">F255 \/ Ferralium 255 \u00b7 UNS S32550 \u00b7 1.4507<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">F255 \/ Ferralium 255 \u00b7 UNS S32550 \u00b7 1.4507<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">Cr 24.0-27.0% \u00b7 Mo 2.90-3.90% \u00b7 N 0.10-0.25% \u00b7 Cu 1.50-2.50%<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">Cr 24.0-27.0% \u00b7 Mo 2.90-3.90% \u00b7 N 0.10-0.25% \u00b7 Cu 1.50-2.50%<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">35.2 &#8211; 43.9<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">35.2 &#8211; 43.9<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">IMOA 38-41 \u00b7 Langley Alloys above 40<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">IMOA 38-41 \u00b7 Langley Alloys above 40<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">THE SPECIFICATION BAND DROPS BELOW 40 (floor 35.2), whereas commercial Ferralium 255 heats hold nitrogen at 0.20-0.25% and lift PREN above 40 (Langley). ASTM A240 sets NO PREN \u2265 40 requirement for S32550 \u2014 the only grade it imposes that on is S32760. Copper is NOT in the PREN formula; the copper in S32550 does not raise PREN.<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">THE SPECIFICATION BAND DROPS BELOW 40 (floor 35.2), whereas commercial Ferralium 255 heats hold nitrogen at 0.20-0.25% and lift PREN above 40 (Langley). ASTM A240 sets NO PREN \u2265 40 requirement for S32550 \u2014 the only grade it imposes that on is S32760. Copper is NOT in the PREN formula; the copper in S32550 does not raise PREN.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">F55 \/ Zeron 100 \u00b7 UNS S32760 \u00b7 1.4501<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">F55 \/ Zeron 100 \u00b7 UNS S32760 \u00b7 1.4501<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">Cr 24.0-26.0% \u00b7 Mo 3.00-4.00% \u00b7 N 0.20-0.30% \u00b7 W 0.50-1.00% \u00b7 Cu 0.50-1.00%<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">Cr 24.0-26.0% \u00b7 Mo 3.00-4.00% \u00b7 N 0.20-0.30% \u00b7 W 0.50-1.00% \u00b7 Cu 0.50-1.00%<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">37.1 &#8211; 44.0 \u00b7 SPECIFICATION FLOOR 40<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">37.1 &#8211; 44.0 \u00b7 SPECIFICATION FLOOR 40<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">IMOA 40-43 \u00b7 Outokumpu 42 \u00b7 Rolled Alloys > 40 \u00b7 NeoNickel 41 \u00b7 Langley above 40<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">IMOA 40-43 \u00b7 Outokumpu 42 \u00b7 Rolled Alloys > 40 \u00b7 NeoNickel 41 \u00b7 Langley above 40<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">THIS IS THE ONLY ONE OF THE FIVE WHOSE PREN IS BOUND BY THE SPECIFICATION. ASTM A240 carries the footnote &#8216;Cr + 3.3 Mo + 16 N = 40 min.&#8217; on the S32760 row; 40 is therefore not a computed result but an ACCEPTANCE CRITERION. With the tungsten formula the same composition gives 37.9-45.7 and Rolled Alloys states it plainly: &#8216;With this formula ZERON 100 has a PREN > 41.&#8217;<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">THIS IS THE ONLY ONE OF THE FIVE WHOSE PREN IS BOUND BY THE SPECIFICATION. ASTM A240 carries the footnote &#8216;Cr + 3.3 Mo + 16 N = 40 min.&#8217; on the S32760 row; 40 is therefore not a computed result but an ACCEPTANCE CRITERION. With the tungsten formula the same composition gives 37.9-45.7 and Rolled Alloys states it plainly: &#8216;With this formula ZERON 100 has a PREN > 41.&#8217;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">F53 \/ 2507 \u00b7 UNS S32750 \u00b7 1.4410<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">F53 \/ 2507 \u00b7 UNS S32750 \u00b7 1.4410<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">Cr 24.0-26.0% \u00b7 Mo 3.00-5.00% \u00b7 N 0.24-0.32%<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">Cr 24.0-26.0% \u00b7 Mo 3.00-5.00% \u00b7 N 0.24-0.32%<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">37.7 &#8211; 47.6<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">37.7 &#8211; 47.6<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">IMOA 40-43 \u00b7 Outokumpu 43 \u00b7 Rolled Alloys 42 \u00b7 Alleima minimum 42 for tube and pipe \u00b7 Sandmeyer \u2265 40 \u00b7 Langley 41 \u00b7 Industeel \u2265 40<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">IMOA 40-43 \u00b7 Outokumpu 43 \u00b7 Rolled Alloys 42 \u00b7 Alleima minimum 42 for tube and pipe \u00b7 Sandmeyer \u2265 40 \u00b7 Langley 41 \u00b7 Industeel \u2265 40<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">THE TOP OF ITS CALCULATED BAND IS THE HIGHEST OF THE FIVE (47.6), because the molybdenum band runs up to 5.00% and the nitrogen band is the highest of all (0.24-0.32%). But its floor is not bound to 40 as S32760&#8217;s is; there is NO PREN footnote on the S32750 row of A240.<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">THE TOP OF ITS CALCULATED BAND IS THE HIGHEST OF THE FIVE (47.6), because the molybdenum band runs up to 5.00% and the nitrogen band is the highest of all (0.24-0.32%). But its floor is not bound to 40 as S32760&#8217;s is; there is NO PREN footnote on the S32750 row of A240.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"padding:8px 12px 0;font-size:13.5px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">B \u00b7 SOLUTION ANNEALING TEMPERATURE \u2014 ASTM A790 and A789 heat treatment table (SAME TABLE)<\/div>\n<div style=\"padding:2px 12px 0;font-size:12px;color:#5b7180;line-height:1.6;\">ASTM A790 (seamless and welded duplex pipe) and ASTM A789 (duplex tube), Table 1. All five UNS numbers are in it.<\/div>\n<div style=\"padding:12px 12px 2px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\"><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"overflow-x:auto;position:relative;z-index:2;\">\n<table style=\"width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:13.5px;min-width:430px;background:transparent;\">\n<tr>\n<th style=\"padding:7px 9px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:#12303f;background:#F2F6F8;border:1px solid #eceff1;\">Criterion<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding:7px 9px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:#12303f;background:#F2F6F8;border:1px solid #eceff1;\">Criterion<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding:7px 9px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:#12303f;background:#F2F6F8;border:1px solid #eceff1;\">AISI 329 (S32900)<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding:7px 9px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:#12303f;background:#F2F6F8;border:1px solid #eceff1;\">AISI 318 \/ 2205 (S32205)<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding:7px 9px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:#12303f;background:#F2F6F8;border:1px solid #eceff1;\">F255 (S32550)<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding:7px 9px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:#12303f;background:#F2F6F8;border:1px solid #eceff1;\">F55 (S32760)<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding:7px 9px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:#12303f;background:#F2F6F8;border:1px solid #eceff1;\">F53 (S32750)<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding:7px 9px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:#12303f;background:#F2F6F8;border:1px solid #eceff1;\">F255 (S32550)<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding:7px 9px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:#12303f;background:#F2F6F8;border:1px solid #eceff1;\">Difference<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding:7px 9px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:#12303f;background:#F2F6F8;border:1px solid #eceff1;\">Difference<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding:7px 9px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:#12303f;background:#F2F6F8;border:1px solid #eceff1;\">AISI 329 (S32900)<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding:7px 9px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:#12303f;background:#F2F6F8;border:1px solid #eceff1;\">AISI 318 \/ 2205 (S32205)<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding:7px 9px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:#12303f;background:#F2F6F8;border:1px solid #eceff1;\">F55 (S32760)<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding:7px 9px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:#12303f;background:#F2F6F8;border:1px solid #eceff1;\">F53 (S32750)<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">Solution annealing temperature \u2014 ASTM A790 and A789 (SAME TABLE, seamless and welded pipe\/tube)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">Solution annealing temperature \u2014 ASTM A790 and A789 (SAME TABLE, seamless and welded pipe\/tube)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">925-955 \u00b0C [1700-1750 \u00b0F]<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">1020-1100 \u00b0C [1870-2010 \u00b0F]<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">1040 \u00b0C [1900 \u00b0F] min.<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">1070-1140 \u00b0C [1960-2085 \u00b0F]<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">1025-1125 \u00b0C [1880-2060 \u00b0F]<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">1040 \u00b0C [1900 \u00b0F] min.<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">The annealing temperature of 329 is BELOW ALL FOUR of the others, and the top of its band (955 \u00b0C) sits inside the sigma band. Modern duplex grades are annealed ABOVE the sigma band; 329 is annealed at its edge. This is the concrete measure of why 329 is regarded as first generation.<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">The annealing temperature of 329 is BELOW ALL FOUR of the others, and the top of its band (955 \u00b0C) sits inside the sigma band. Modern duplex grades are annealed ABOVE the sigma band; 329 is annealed at its edge. This is the concrete measure of why 329 is regarded as first generation.<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">\u2014<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">\u2014<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">\u2014<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">\u2014<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">Cooling requirement \u2014 ASTM A790 and A789<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">Cooling requirement \u2014 ASTM A790 and A789<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">Rapid cooling in air or water<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">Rapid cooling in air or water<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">Rapid cooling in air or water<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">Rapid cooling in air or water<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">Rapid cooling in air or water<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">Rapid cooling in air or water<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">NO DIFFERENCE \u2014 rapid cooling is MANDATORY on all five. On the forging side ASTM A182 states it more tightly: &#8216;solution treat and quench&#8217;, in a liquid medium down to 260 \u00b0C [500 \u00b0F].<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">NO DIFFERENCE \u2014 rapid cooling is MANDATORY on all five. On the forging side ASTM A182 states it more tightly: &#8216;solution treat and quench&#8217;, in a liquid medium down to 260 \u00b0C [500 \u00b0F].<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">Rapid cooling in air or water<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">Rapid cooling in air or water<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">Rapid cooling in air or water<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">Rapid cooling in air or water<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"padding:8px 12px 0;font-size:13.5px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">C \u00b7 SPECIFICATION MINIMUMS \u2014 ASTM A240 mechanical table (SAME TABLE, room temperature, solution annealed plate)<\/div>\n<div style=\"padding:2px 12px 0;font-size:12px;color:#5b7180;line-height:1.6;\">ASTM A240 \/ ASME SA-240 mechanical table. The values are SPECIFICATION MINIMUMS, not typical values.<\/div>\n<div style=\"padding:12px 12px 2px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\"><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"overflow-x:auto;position:relative;z-index:2;\">\n<table style=\"width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:13.5px;min-width:430px;background:transparent;\">\n<tr>\n<th style=\"padding:7px 9px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:#12303f;background:#F2F6F8;border:1px solid #eceff1;\">Criterion<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding:7px 9px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:#12303f;background:#F2F6F8;border:1px solid #eceff1;\">Criterion<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding:7px 9px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:#12303f;background:#F2F6F8;border:1px solid #eceff1;\">AISI 329 (S32900)<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding:7px 9px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:#12303f;background:#F2F6F8;border:1px solid #eceff1;\">AISI 318 \/ 2205 (S32205)<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding:7px 9px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:#12303f;background:#F2F6F8;border:1px solid #eceff1;\">F255 (S32550)<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding:7px 9px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:#12303f;background:#F2F6F8;border:1px solid #eceff1;\">F55 (S32760)<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding:7px 9px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:#12303f;background:#F2F6F8;border:1px solid #eceff1;\">F53 (S32750)<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding:7px 9px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:#12303f;background:#F2F6F8;border:1px solid #eceff1;\">Difference<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding:7px 9px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:#12303f;background:#F2F6F8;border:1px solid #eceff1;\">Difference<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding:7px 9px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:#12303f;background:#F2F6F8;border:1px solid #eceff1;\">AISI 329 (S32900)<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding:7px 9px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:#12303f;background:#F2F6F8;border:1px solid #eceff1;\">AISI 318 \/ 2205 (S32205)<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding:7px 9px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:#12303f;background:#F2F6F8;border:1px solid #eceff1;\">F255 (S32550)<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding:7px 9px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:#12303f;background:#F2F6F8;border:1px solid #eceff1;\">F55 (S32760)<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding:7px 9px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:#12303f;background:#F2F6F8;border:1px solid #eceff1;\">F53 (S32750)<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">Minimum tensile strength<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">Minimum tensile strength<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">620 MPa (90 ksi)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">655 MPa (95 ksi)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">760 MPa (110 ksi)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">750 MPa (108 ksi)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">795 MPa (116 ksi)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">F53 (S32750) is the highest, 329 the lowest.<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">F53 (S32750) is the highest, 329 the lowest.<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">\u2014<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">\u2014<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">\u2014<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">\u2014<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">\u2014<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">Minimum yield strength (0.2%)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">Minimum yield strength (0.2%)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">485 MPa (70 ksi)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">450 MPa (65 ksi)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">550 MPa (80 ksi)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">550 MPa (80 ksi)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">550 MPa (80 ksi)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">NOTE: on minimum yield, 329 is ABOVE 2205 (485 vs 450 MPa). Yield strength does not rank this family; the quantity that ranks it is PREN. All three super duplex grades are equal at 550 MPa.<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">NOTE: on minimum yield, 329 is ABOVE 2205 (485 vs 450 MPa). Yield strength does not rank this family; the quantity that ranks it is PREN. All three super duplex grades are equal at 550 MPa.<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">\u2014<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">\u2014<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">\u2014<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">\u2014<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">\u2014<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">Minimum elongation (ASTM A240, plate)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">Minimum elongation (ASTM A240, plate)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">15%<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">25%<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">15%<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">25%<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">15%<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">S32205 and S32760 require 25%; the other three 15%.<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">S32205 and S32760 require 25%; the other three 15%.<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">15%<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">25%<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">15%<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">25%<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">15%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">Hardness ceiling (ASTM A240, Brinell)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">Hardness ceiling (ASTM A240, Brinell)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">269 HBW<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">293 HBW<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">302 HBW<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">270 HBW<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">310 HBW<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">The hardness ceiling does not follow the strength order; the ceiling for S32760 is lower than that for S32205.<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">The hardness ceiling does not follow the strength order; the ceiling for S32760 is lower than that for S32205.<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">\u2014<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">\u2014<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">\u2014<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">\u2014<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">\u2014<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"padding:8px 12px 0;font-size:13.5px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">D \u00b7 NAMING \u2014 ASTM A182 forging class codes (SAME TABLE)<\/div>\n<div style=\"padding:2px 12px 0;font-size:12px;color:#5b7180;line-height:1.6;\">The duplex class list of ASTM A182 \/ ASME SA-182. This is where market names and specification codes get confused.<\/div>\n<div style=\"padding:12px 12px 2px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\"><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"overflow-x:auto;position:relative;z-index:2;\">\n<table style=\"width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:13.5px;min-width:430px;background:transparent;\">\n<tr>\n<th style=\"padding:7px 9px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:#12303f;background:#F2F6F8;border:1px solid #eceff1;\">Criterion<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding:7px 9px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:#12303f;background:#F2F6F8;border:1px solid #eceff1;\">Criterion<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding:7px 9px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:#12303f;background:#F2F6F8;border:1px solid #eceff1;\">AISI 329 (S32900)<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding:7px 9px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:#12303f;background:#F2F6F8;border:1px solid #eceff1;\">AISI 318 \/ 2205 (S32205)<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding:7px 9px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:#12303f;background:#F2F6F8;border:1px solid #eceff1;\">F255 (S32550)<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding:7px 9px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:#12303f;background:#F2F6F8;border:1px solid #eceff1;\">F55 (S32760)<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding:7px 9px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:#12303f;background:#F2F6F8;border:1px solid #eceff1;\">F53 (S32750)<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding:7px 9px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:#12303f;background:#F2F6F8;border:1px solid #eceff1;\">AISI 329 (S32900)<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding:7px 9px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:#12303f;background:#F2F6F8;border:1px solid #eceff1;\">F255 (S32550)<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding:7px 9px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:#12303f;background:#F2F6F8;border:1px solid #eceff1;\">Difference<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding:7px 9px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:#12303f;background:#F2F6F8;border:1px solid #eceff1;\">Difference<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding:7px 9px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:#12303f;background:#F2F6F8;border:1px solid #eceff1;\">AISI 318 \/ 2205 (S32205)<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding:7px 9px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:#12303f;background:#F2F6F8;border:1px solid #eceff1;\">F55 (S32760)<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding:7px 9px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:#12303f;background:#F2F6F8;border:1px solid #eceff1;\">F53 (S32750)<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">ASTM A182 forging class code<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">ASTM A182 forging class code<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">NONE \u2014 S32900 is not listed in ASTM A182<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">F60 (S32205) \u00b7 F51 (S31803)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">F61 \u2014 there is NO A182 class called &#8216;F255&#8217;<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">F55<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">F53<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">NONE \u2014 S32900 is not listed in ASTM A182<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">F61 \u2014 there is NO A182 class called &#8216;F255&#8217;<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">The duplex class list of ASTM A182 is: F50 (S31200), F51 (S31803), F52 (S32950), F53 (S32750), F54 (S39274), F55 (S32760), F57 (S39277), F59 (S32520), F60 (S32205), F61 (S32550), F65 (S32906). F255 is NOT on the list.<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">The duplex class list of ASTM A182 is: F50 (S31200), F51 (S31803), F52 (S32950), F53 (S32750), F54 (S39274), F55 (S32760), F57 (S39277), F59 (S32520), F60 (S32205), F61 (S32550), F65 (S32906). F255 is NOT on the list.<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">\u2014<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">\u2014<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">\u2014<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">Origin of the market name<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">Origin of the market name<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">An AISI type number (old AISI 300\/400 series logic)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">&#8216;2205&#8217; comes from the composition: ~22% Cr, ~5% Ni. &#8216;AISI 318&#8217; is an old type name.<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">&#8216;255&#8217; comes from the Ferralium 255 TRADE NAME; the letter &#8216;F&#8217; was attached to it later by the market, not by A182.<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">&#8216;F55&#8217; IS a genuine ASTM A182 class code. Zeron 100 is the licensed trade name.<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">&#8216;F53&#8217; IS a genuine ASTM A182 class code. &#8216;2507&#8217; comes from the composition: ~25% Cr, ~7% Ni.<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">An AISI type number (old AISI 300\/400 series logic)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">&#8216;255&#8217; comes from the Ferralium 255 TRADE NAME; the letter &#8216;F&#8217; was attached to it later by the market, not by A182.<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">TWO of the three names (F53, F55) are genuine A182 class codes; ONE (F255) is not. Specifying the alloy by its UNS number on the order removes this confusion by itself.<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">TWO of the three names (F53, F55) are genuine A182 class codes; ONE (F255) is not. Specifying the alloy by its UNS number on the order removes this confusion by itself.<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">&#8216;2205&#8217; comes from the composition: ~22% Cr, ~5% Ni. &#8216;AISI 318&#8217; is an old type name.<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">&#8216;F55&#8217; IS a genuine ASTM A182 class code. Zeron 100 is the licensed trade name.<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">&#8216;F53&#8217; IS a genuine ASTM A182 class code. &#8216;2507&#8217; comes from the composition: ~25% Cr, ~7% Ni.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"padding:10px 12px 2px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\"><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"position:relative;z-index:2;\">\n<div style=\"font-size:13.5px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;margin:6px 0 6px;\">Additional information<\/div>\n<table style=\"width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:13.5px;background:transparent;\">\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Compared with<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">AISI 329 (S32900 \u00b7 1.4460) \u2014 AISI 318 \/ 2205 (S32205 and S31803 \u00b7 1.4462) \u2014 F255 \/ Ferralium 255 (S32550 \u00b7 1.4507) \u2014 F55 \/ Zeron 100 (S32760 \u00b7 1.4501) \u2014 F53 \/ 2507 (S32750 \u00b7 1.4410)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Compared with<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">AISI 329 (S32900 \u00b7 1.4460) \u2014 AISI 318 \/ 2205 (S32205 and S31803 \u00b7 1.4462) \u2014 F255 \/ Ferralium 255 (S32550 \u00b7 1.4507) \u2014 F55 \/ Zeron 100 (S32760 \u00b7 1.4501) \u2014 F53 \/ 2507 (S32750 \u00b7 1.4410)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Vurgulanan<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">F55 \/ Zeron 100 (S32760)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Pren formulu<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">PREN = %Cr + 3.3 \u00d7 %Mo + 16 \u00d7 %N<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Pren formulu<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">PREN = %Cr + 3.3 \u00d7 %Mo + 16 \u00d7 %N<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Pren formulu tungstenli<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">PREN(W) = %Cr + 3.3 \u00d7 (%Mo + 0.5 \u00d7 %W) + 16 \u00d7 %N \u2014 meaningful only for S32760<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Pren formulu tungstenli<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">PREN(W) = %Cr + 3.3 \u00d7 (%Mo + 0.5 \u00d7 %W) + 16 \u00d7 %N \u2014 meaningful only for S32760<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Ortak sinir<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">WHAT ALL FIVE SHARE AS A LIMIT: none of them is PRECIPITATION HARDENABLE, and none of them goes into continuous service much above 300 \u00b0C. IMOA&#8217;s ASME and T\u00dcV ceilings: 2205 unwelded 315 \u00b0C (ASME) and 280 \u00b0C (T\u00dcV), welded 315 \u00b0C (ASME) and 250 \u00b0C (T\u00dcV); 2507 seamless tube 315 \u00b0C (ASME) and 250 \u00b0C (T\u00dcV). Rolled Alloys gives 600 \u00b0F (316 \u00b0C) for 2205 and 2507 and 300 \u00b0C for Zeron 100; Sandmeyer gives 570 \u00b0F (299 \u00b0C) for 2507; Penn Stainless gives 572 \u00b0F (300 \u00b0C) for 2205; Industeel gives 280 \u00b0C for 2205 and 270 \u00b0C for super duplex. The reason is one and the same: 475 \u00b0C embrittlement.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Ortak sinir<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">WHAT ALL FIVE SHARE AS A LIMIT: none of them is PRECIPITATION HARDENABLE, and none of them goes into continuous service much above 300 \u00b0C. IMOA&#8217;s ASME and T\u00dcV ceilings: 2205 unwelded 315 \u00b0C (ASME) and 280 \u00b0C (T\u00dcV), welded 315 \u00b0C (ASME) and 250 \u00b0C (T\u00dcV); 2507 seamless tube 315 \u00b0C (ASME) and 250 \u00b0C (T\u00dcV). Rolled Alloys gives 600 \u00b0F (316 \u00b0C) for 2205 and 2507 and 300 \u00b0C for Zeron 100; Sandmeyer gives 570 \u00b0F (299 \u00b0C) for 2507; Penn Stainless gives 572 \u00b0F (300 \u00b0C) for 2205; Industeel gives 280 \u00b0C for 2205 and 270 \u00b0C for super duplex. The reason is one and the same: 475 \u00b0C embrittlement.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"padding:6px 14px 12px;font-size:12px;color:#5b7180;line-height:1.7;border-top:1px solid #f0f3f5;position:relative;z-index:2;\">RULE: every block in this diagram is read from ONE TABLE OF ONE SPECIFICATION; different specifications are never compared on the same row. All five UNS numbers fall within the scope of ASTM A240, A789 and A790, so they are listed side by side under the same acceptance criteria (the scope of A182 and A479 is not the same for all five, and that is stated separately). THE PREN COLUMN IS A CALCULATION, NOT A MEASUREMENT: the lower and upper ends of the ASTM A240 composition band were substituted into PREN = %Cr + 3.3\u00d7%Mo + 16\u00d7%N. Published PREN values are given in a separate column WITH THE NAME OF THE SOURCE; the two columns must not be mixed. THE BLOCKS ARE NOT ADDED TOGETHER AND NOT PLACED ON A COMMON AXIS. The figures in the PREN column are CALCULATED, NOT MEASURED; the ends of the ASTM A240 composition band were substituted into the formula. A calculated PREN band and the PREN of commercial heats are not the same thing: a producer works inside the band and typically aims at its upper half. CPT (critical pitting temperature) and CCT (critical crevice temperature) values have NOT been put on this diagram; the reason is given under &#8216;atlananlar&#8217;. Copper (Cu) does not appear in the PREN formula. The 1.50-2.50% copper of S32550 and the 0.50-1.00% copper of S32760 do not raise PREN; their effect is on behaviour in reducing media and is measured separately. All five grades are supplied SOLUTION ANNEALED AND RAPIDLY QUENCHED; none of them is precipitation hardenable.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><!-- \/dm-diy-kars --><\/p>\n<div style=\"border:1px solid #d7dfe4;background:#ffffff;margin:24px 0 18px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\">\n<div style=\"background:#DD3333;color:#ffffff;font-size:13px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.04em;text-transform:uppercase;padding:10px 12px;line-height:1.35;\">Zeron 100 \/ F55 \u00b7 Properties<\/div>\n<p><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<table style=\"border-collapse:collapse;width:100%;font-size:15px;line-height:1.5;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\">Service temperature<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">The producer suggests use between <b>\u221273 \u00b0C and 315 \u00b0C (\u2212100 \u00b0F to 600 \u00b0F)<\/b>; extended exposure above 315 \u00b0C causes substantial toughness loss from intermetallic precipitation. That is metallurgically consistent with the independently reported ~300 \u00b0C onset of embrittlement. The minimum figure is single-sourced<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\">CPT (pitting)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\"><b>Above 50 \u00b0C (122 \u00b0F) by ASTM G48 Method A<\/b> \u2014 confirmed in two independent sources<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\">CCT (crevice)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">\u2014 (no verified numeric CCT value was found). <b>What is verified:<\/b> the base metal resists crevice corrosion up to 55 \u00b0C, but <b>weld pitting performance is the limiting factor, at about 40 \u00b0C<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\">Seawater<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">Corrosion rate below 0.01 mm\/year, with outstanding pitting and crevice resistance. No specific chlorination (ppm) approval level could be verified \u2014 commonly quoted but unconfirmed figures are not printed here<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\">Sour service<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">Listed under NACE MR0175 \/ ISO 15156 Part 3, with hardness controlled to <b>\u226428 HRC<\/b>; suitable up to an <b>H\u2082S partial pressure of 0.2 bar<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\">Acid resistance<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">Superior resistance to sulphuric acid; the tungsten and copper additions give a marked advantage in reducing-acid environments over W\/Cu-free duplex grades<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\">Magnetic<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">Ferromagnetic; room-temperature relative magnetic permeability is given as ~29\u201333 across sources<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\">Typical applications<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">Oil and gas process, seawater, firewater and subsea pipework, risers, manifolds, pressure vessels, valves, heat exchangers; also pollution control, pulp and paper, power generation and desalination<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"border:1px solid #d7dfe4;background:#ffffff;margin:24px 0 18px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\">\n<div style=\"background:#DD3333;color:#ffffff;font-size:13px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.04em;text-transform:uppercase;padding:10px 12px;line-height:1.35;\">F55 (Zeron 100) and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/en\/aisi-f53\/\">F53 (2507)<\/a> \u00b7 Verified Comparison<\/div>\n<p><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<table style=\"border-collapse:collapse;width:100%;font-size:15px;line-height:1.5;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\">Cr \/ Mo \/ N (representative)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">Zeron 100: 25.0 \/ 3.6 \/ 0.22 \u00b7 2507: 25.0 \/ 3.8 \/ 0.27<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\">W \/ Cu<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">Zeron 100: <b>0.7% \/ 0.7%<\/b> \u00b7 2507: <b>none \/ none<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\">PREN<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">Zeron 100: \u224841.5 \u00b7 2507: \u224841.9 \u2014 <b>practically equal<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\">Tensile strength<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">Zeron 100: 109 ksi \u00b7 <b>2507: 116 ksi<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\">Yield strength<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">Both: 80 ksi<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\">G48A qualification temperature<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">Zeron 100: <b>50 \u00b0C<\/b> \u00b7 2507: 40 \u00b0C (typically per ASTM A923 Practice C)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\">What the W and Cu actually change<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">The two grades have near-identical bulk PREN (2507&#8217;s extra Mo and N roughly offset the half-coefficient contribution of Zeron 100&#8217;s tungsten) \u2014 so <b>pitting and crevice performance in plain seawater is broadly comparable<\/b>. The differences are two: (a) Zeron 100&#8217;s copper improves resistance specifically in <b>reducing (sulphuric-type) acid<\/b> service, where 2507 has no equivalent benefit; and (b) Zeron 100 is typically sold qualified at a <b>higher G48A test temperature<\/b> (50 \u00b0C against 40 \u00b0C)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<h4 id=\"dm-b4\" style=\"font-size:19px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;margin:30px 0 10px;line-height:1.35;\">Frequently Asked Questions<\/h4>\n<p style=\"margin:18px 0 6px;font-size:15px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;line-height:1.5;\">We have an F53 (2507) purchase spec \u2014 can we substitute F55 (Zeron 100), or vice versa?<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 12px;font-size:15px;line-height:1.75;\">Not automatically. F53 and F55 are different ASTM grades (S32750 against S32760) with different chemistries: Zeron 100 carries deliberate tungsten (~0.7%) and copper (~0.7%) that <a href=\"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/en\/aisi-f53\/\">2507<\/a> lacks, while 2507 typically runs slightly higher Mo and N and reaches a higher tensile strength (116 ksi against 109 ksi). Bulk PREN is nearly identical (\u224841.5 against \u224841.9), so for plain chloride and seawater pitting resistance the two are broadly comparable. But Zeron 100&#8217;s copper gives it a real edge in reducing-acid service that 2507 cannot match, and the grades are commonly qualified to <b>different G48\/A923 test temperatures<\/b> (50 \u00b0C against 40 \u00b0C). A project spec naming one grade by its ASTM designation does not implicitly permit the other: substitution requires a <b>documented engineering deviation or management of change<\/b>, not just &#8220;same PREN&#8221;. Where tensile strength governs (high-pressure bolting, say) 2507&#8217;s higher UTS may be required and Zeron 100 will not qualify.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:18px 0 6px;font-size:15px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;line-height:1.5;\">Our vendor quoted F55 with a G48 corrosion test certificate \u2014 is that always included, or did we pay extra?<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 12px;font-size:15px;line-height:1.75;\">It is not automatically included. The base ASTM A182 tables for Grade F55 (and A240 \/ A276 \/ A479 \/ A789 \/ A790 \/ A815) define chemistry and tensile and hardness minimums only, and ASTM&#8217;s own standard text states that supplementary testing &#8220;shall apply only when specified individually by the purchaser in the order&#8221;. G48 pitting and crevice testing, and any associated ferrite-content check, is a <b>purchaser-invoked supplementary requirement<\/b> \u2014 commonly bundled in via ASTM A923 Method C acceptance criteria, or mandated wholesale by NORSOK M-630 \/ M-650 for offshore work. If your purchase order did not explicitly call out G48 with practice, temperature and acceptance criteria, do not assume the mill test report proves pitting resistance; it most likely proves only chemistry and mechanical properties. A separate note: <b>the base-metal CPT does not carry over to the weld<\/b> \u2014 welded joints are typically limited to about 40 \u00b0C.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:18px 0 6px;font-size:15px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;line-height:1.5;\">Why does &#8220;NORSOK-certified&#8221; F55 cost noticeably more than standard mill-certified F55 of the same UNS number?<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 12px;font-size:15px;line-height:1.75;\">NORSOK M-630 \/ MDS D57 compliance is not a chemistry change \u2014 it is a <b>testing, documentation and traceability burden<\/b> layered on top of identical base metal. It typically requires full-lot G48 Method A corrosion testing at the higher 50 \u00b0C qualification temperature, demonstrated ferrite-balance verification, third-party witnessed mechanical and impact testing, tighter production-lot traceability, and <b>independent third-party certification (EN 10204 3.2)<\/b> rather than a mill self-certification (3.1). Each of these adds inspection time, laboratory fees and third-party sign-off cost that a &#8220;same grade, standard certificate&#8221; order avoids. The steel itself can be identical \u2014 what is expensive is the paper trail and the testing regime behind it.<\/p>\n<p><!-- dm-diy-sert --><\/p>\n<div style=\"border:1px solid #e3e9ec;margin:22px 0 26px;background:#fff;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\">\n<div style=\"background:#12303f;color:#fff;padding:9px 14px;font-size:14px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.3px;position:relative;z-index:2;\">STRENGTH VALUES<\/div>\n<div style=\"position:relative;z-index:2;\">\n<div style=\"padding:12px 10px 0;\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 740 482\" style=\"width:100%;height:auto;display:block;\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" role=\"img\"><rect x=\"16\" y=\"6\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"#12303f\"\/><text x=\"34\" y=\"16\" font-size=\"11.5\" fill=\"#12303f\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">Yield (MPa)<\/text><rect x=\"146\" y=\"6\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"#7fa8bd\"\/><text x=\"164\" y=\"16\" font-size=\"11.5\" fill=\"#12303f\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">Tensile (MPa)<\/text><text x=\"16\" y=\"44\" font-size=\"12.5\" font-weight=\"bold\" fill=\"#12303f\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">ASTM A240 \/ ASME SA-240 \u00b7 plate, sheet and strip<\/text><rect x=\"16\" y=\"50\" width=\"568.6\" height=\"15\" fill=\"#7fa8bd\"\/><text x=\"591.6\" y=\"62\" font-size=\"11.5\" fill=\"#5b7180\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">750<\/text><rect x=\"16\" y=\"68\" width=\"417.0\" height=\"15\" fill=\"#12303f\"\/><text x=\"440.0\" y=\"80\" font-size=\"11.5\" fill=\"#5b7180\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">550<\/text><text x=\"16\" y=\"108\" font-size=\"12.5\" font-weight=\"bold\" fill=\"#12303f\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">ASTM A479 \/ ASME SA-479 \u00b7 bar and shapes<\/text><rect x=\"16\" y=\"114\" width=\"568.6\" height=\"15\" fill=\"#7fa8bd\"\/><text x=\"591.6\" y=\"126\" font-size=\"11.5\" fill=\"#5b7180\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">750<\/text><rect x=\"16\" y=\"132\" width=\"417.0\" height=\"15\" fill=\"#12303f\"\/><text x=\"440.0\" y=\"144\" font-size=\"11.5\" fill=\"#5b7180\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">550<\/text><text x=\"16\" y=\"172\" font-size=\"12.5\" font-weight=\"bold\" fill=\"#12303f\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">ASTM A276 \/ ASME SA-276 \u00b7 bar and shapes, Condition A (hot or cold finished, anne\u2026<\/text><rect x=\"16\" y=\"178\" width=\"568.6\" height=\"15\" fill=\"#7fa8bd\"\/><text x=\"591.6\" y=\"190\" font-size=\"11.5\" fill=\"#5b7180\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">750<\/text><rect x=\"16\" y=\"196\" width=\"417.0\" height=\"15\" fill=\"#12303f\"\/><text x=\"440.0\" y=\"208\" font-size=\"11.5\" fill=\"#5b7180\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">550<\/text><text x=\"16\" y=\"236\" font-size=\"12.5\" font-weight=\"bold\" fill=\"#12303f\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">ASTM A276 \/ ASME SA-276 \u00b7 bar, Condition S (cold finished) \u2014 BY COLD WORK, NOT BY\u2026<\/text><rect x=\"16\" y=\"242\" width=\"652.0\" height=\"15\" fill=\"#7fa8bd\"\/><text x=\"675.0\" y=\"254\" font-size=\"11.5\" fill=\"#5b7180\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">860<\/text><rect x=\"16\" y=\"260\" width=\"545.9\" height=\"15\" fill=\"#12303f\"\/><text x=\"568.9\" y=\"272\" font-size=\"11.5\" fill=\"#5b7180\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">720<\/text><text x=\"16\" y=\"300\" font-size=\"12.5\" font-weight=\"bold\" fill=\"#12303f\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">ASTM A182 \/ ASME SA-182 \u00b7 forgings \u00b7 GRADE F55<\/text><rect x=\"16\" y=\"306\" width=\"568.6\" height=\"15\" fill=\"#7fa8bd\"\/><text x=\"591.6\" y=\"318\" font-size=\"11.5\" fill=\"#5b7180\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">750<\/text><rect x=\"16\" y=\"324\" width=\"417.0\" height=\"15\" fill=\"#12303f\"\/><text x=\"440.0\" y=\"336\" font-size=\"11.5\" fill=\"#5b7180\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">550<\/text><text x=\"16\" y=\"364\" font-size=\"12.5\" font-weight=\"bold\" fill=\"#12303f\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">ASTM A790 \/ SA-790 (pipe) and A789 \/ SA-789 (tube)<\/text><rect x=\"16\" y=\"370\" width=\"568.6\" height=\"15\" fill=\"#7fa8bd\"\/><text x=\"591.6\" y=\"382\" font-size=\"11.5\" fill=\"#5b7180\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">750<\/text><rect x=\"16\" y=\"388\" width=\"417.0\" height=\"15\" fill=\"#12303f\"\/><text x=\"440.0\" y=\"400\" font-size=\"11.5\" fill=\"#5b7180\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">550<\/text><text x=\"16\" y=\"428\" font-size=\"12.5\" font-weight=\"bold\" fill=\"#12303f\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">Producer specification \u00b7 Langley Alloys, bar<\/text><rect x=\"16\" y=\"434\" width=\"568.6\" height=\"15\" fill=\"#7fa8bd\"\/><text x=\"591.6\" y=\"446\" font-size=\"11.5\" fill=\"#5b7180\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">750<\/text><rect x=\"16\" y=\"452\" width=\"417.0\" height=\"15\" fill=\"#12303f\"\/><text x=\"440.0\" y=\"464\" font-size=\"11.5\" fill=\"#5b7180\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">550<\/text><\/svg><\/div>\n<div style=\"padding:12px 12px 2px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\"><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"overflow-x:auto;position:relative;z-index:2;\">\n<table style=\"width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:13.5px;min-width:430px;background:transparent;\">\n<tr>\n<th style=\"padding:7px 9px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:#12303f;background:#F2F6F8;border:1px solid #eceff1;\">Condition<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding:7px 9px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:#12303f;background:#F2F6F8;border:1px solid #eceff1;\">Hardness<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding:7px 9px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:#12303f;background:#F2F6F8;border:1px solid #eceff1;\">Yield MPa<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding:7px 9px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:#12303f;background:#F2F6F8;border:1px solid #eceff1;\">Tensile MPa<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding:7px 9px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:#12303f;background:#F2F6F8;border:1px solid #eceff1;\">Elongation<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">ASTM A240 \/ ASME SA-240 \u00b7 plate, sheet and strip<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">270 HBW max.<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">550<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">750<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">25%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">ASTM A479 \/ ASME SA-479 \u00b7 bar and shapes<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">300 HBW max.<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">550<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">750<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">25%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">ASTM A276 \/ ASME SA-276 \u00b7 bar and shapes, Condition A (hot or cold finished, annealed)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">290 HBW max.<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">550<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">750<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">25%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">ASTM A276 \/ ASME SA-276 \u00b7 bar, Condition S (cold finished) \u2014 BY COLD WORK, NOT BY HEAT TREATMENT<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">335 HBW max.<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">720<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">860<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">16%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">ASTM A182 \/ ASME SA-182 \u00b7 forgings \u00b7 GRADE F55<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">A182 sets no hardness requirement for F55<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">550<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">750-895<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">25%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">ASTM A790 \/ SA-790 (pipe) and A789 \/ SA-789 (tube)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">\u2014<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">550<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">750<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">25%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">Producer specification \u00b7 Langley Alloys, bar<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">270 HB max.<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">550<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">750<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">25%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"padding:6px 14px 12px;font-size:12px;color:#5b7180;line-height:1.7;border-top:1px solid #f0f3f5;position:relative;z-index:2;\"><b style=\"color:#12303f;\">EVERY ROW IS A SPECIFICATION MINIMUM for room temperature; these are NOT typical values, and a typical value never goes into a calculation. BECAUSE THIS ALLOY IS NOT PRECIPITATION HARDENABLE, the rows are split by SPECIFICATION and PRODUCT FORM, not by ageing condition; there is NO condition column such as H900 or H1075. Different specifications can give different minimums for the same UNS number; that is a difference of test-piece geometry and acceptance criteria, not of the material. COLD-WORKED TEMPERS are NOT in this table unless stated otherwise.<\/b> In the chart, a value given as a range is drawn at its lower bound; the full range is in the table. Every row is a specification minimum, not a typical value. The Condition S row is the COLD-WORKED condition; it is not produced by heat treatment and is not compared on the same axis as the other rows. ASTM A182 also sets an UPPER limit on tensile strength for F55 (895 MPa); the other specifications set a lower limit only.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><!-- \/dm-diy-sert --><\/p>\n<p><!-- \/dm-zengin --><\/p>\n<div class=\"dm-benzer\" style=\"margin:22px 0 0;padding:14px 16px;border:1px solid #e0e0e0;background:#FBFCFD;\">\n<p style=\"font-size:11px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.08em;text-transform:uppercase;color:#9aa3a8;margin:0 0 8px;line-height:1.4;\">Related grades<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0;font-size:15px;line-height:2;color:#333;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/en\/aisi-318\/\" style=\"color:#24BEE5;font-weight:600;text-decoration:none;\">AISI 318<\/a> &nbsp;\u00b7&nbsp; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/en\/aisi-329\/\" style=\"color:#24BEE5;font-weight:600;text-decoration:none;\">AISI 329<\/a> &nbsp;\u00b7&nbsp; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/en\/aisi-f53\/\" style=\"color:#24BEE5;font-weight:600;text-decoration:none;\">AISI F53<\/a> &nbsp;\u00b7&nbsp; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/en\/duplex-steels\/\" style=\"color:#666;font-weight:600;text-decoration:none;\">Duplex steels \u2192<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p><!-- dm-ld --><script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"name\":\"AISI F55\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/en\/aisi-f55\/\",\"inLanguage\":\"en\",\"description\":\"F55 \/ Zeron 100 (UNS S32760 \/ EN 1.4501) is the only super duplex grade carrying both tungsten and copper. The most commercially valuable fact on this page, however, is this: a base ASTM A182 F55 certificate does not by itself prove pitting resistance \u2014 the G48 corrosion test and the ferrite check\u2026\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"name\":\"Defence Metal\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/\"},\"publisher\":{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"name\":\"Defence Metal\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/\"},\"mainEntity\":{\"@type\":\"DefinedTerm\",\"name\":\"AISI F55\",\"description\":\"F55 \/ Zeron 100 (UNS S32760 \/ EN 1.4501) is the only super duplex grade carrying both tungsten and copper. The most commercially valuable fact on this page, however, is this: a base ASTM A182 F55 certificate does not by itself prove pitting resistance \u2014 the G48 corrosion test and the ferrite check\u2026\",\"inDefinedTermSet\":{\"@type\":\"DefinedTermSet\",\"name\":\"Defence Metal - metals and alloys\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/\"},\"alternateName\":[\"UNS S32760\",\"W.Nr. 1.4501\"],\"identifier\":[{\"@type\":\"PropertyValue\",\"propertyID\":\"UNS\",\"value\":\"S32760\"},{\"@type\":\"PropertyValue\",\"propertyID\":\"Werkstoffnummer\",\"value\":\"1.4501\"}]}}<\/script><!-- \/dm-ld --><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>AISI F55 \/ (1.4501) \/ UNS S32760 DEFENCE METAL F55 (Zeron 100) UNS S32760 \u00b7 W.Nr. 1.4501 \u00b7 X2CrNiMoCuWN25-7-4 \u00b7 in ASTM A240: 24.0-26.0% Cr \u2013 6.0-8.0% Ni \u2013 3.00-4.00% Mo \u2013 0.20-0.30% N \u2013 0.50-1.00% Cu \u2013 0.50-1.00% W \u2013 C \u2264 0.03% \u2013 balance Fe. THIS IS THE ONLY SUPER DUPLEX OF THE &hellip; <\/p>\n<p class=\"link-more\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/en\/aisi-f55\/\" class=\"more-link\"><span class=\"screen-reader-text\"> &#8220;AISI F55 \/ (1.4501)&#8221;<\/span>devam\u0131n\u0131 oku<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":3526,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_title":"AISI F55 \/ (1.4501) \/ UNS S32760 | Defence Metal","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"AISI F55 (UNS S32760, 1.4501) \u2014 super duplex stainless steel with tungsten and copper for aggressive chloride and offshore environments.","inspiro_hide_title":false,"inspiro_hide_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"dm_sektor":[13,14,15],"class_list":["post-3625","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>AISI F55 \/ 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