{"id":3605,"date":"2026-09-16T11:06:22","date_gmt":"2026-09-16T08:06:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/en\/ti-grade-5-ti6al4v\/"},"modified":"2026-09-25T16:24:53","modified_gmt":"2026-09-25T13:24:53","slug":"ti-grade-5-ti6al4v","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/en\/ti-grade-5-ti6al4v\/","title":{"rendered":"Ti Grade 5 \/ (Ti6Al4V)"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><!-- dm-hap --><\/p>\n<h1 class=\"dm-ust-baslik\" style=\"font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,'Segoe UI',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif !important;text-transform:none !important;font-size:27px;line-height:1.3;font-weight:800;color:#12303f;margin:0 0 10px;letter-spacing:-.01em;\">Ti Grade 5 \/ (Ti6Al4V) \/ UNS R56400 \/ AMS 4928 \/ AMS 4911<\/h1>\n<div style=\"border:1px solid #d7dfe4;background:#ffffff;margin:0 0 22px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\"><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"background:#12303f;padding:14px 16px 12px;position:relative;z-index:2;\">\n<div style=\"font-size:22px;font-weight:700;color:#fff;line-height:1.25;\">Ti Grade 5 (Ti-6Al-4V)<\/div>\n<div style=\"font-family:ui-monospace,Menlo,Consolas,monospace;font-size:12.5px;color:#b9cfdb;line-height:1.5;margin-top:5px;word-wrap:break-word;\">UNS R56400 \u00b7 W.Nr. 3.7165 (3.7164 in aerospace quality) \u00b7 ASTM Grade 5 \u00b7 Ti-6Al-4V \u00b7 ALPHA-BETA (two-phase) titanium alloy. ASTM B265 \/ B348 Grade 5 limits: Al 5.5-6.75% \u00b7 V 3.5-4.5% \u00b7 O 0.20% max \u00b7 Fe 0.40% max \u00b7 N 0.05% max \u00b7 C 0.08% max \u00b7 H 0.015% max \u00b7 Y 0.005% max \u00b7 each other element 0.10% max \u00b7 other elements total 0.40% max \u00b7 balance Ti. Density 4.42-4.43 g\/cm3. Beta transus about 995-1000 \u00b0C. Unlike the commercially pure grades (1, 2 and 4) it DOES gain strength by SOLUTION TREATING AND AGEING (STA); this is a genuine heat-treatment hardening.<\/div>\n<div data-dmkars-blok=\"1\" style=\"border-top:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.16);margin-top:13px;padding-top:11px;\">\n<div style=\"font-size:10px;letter-spacing:.09em;text-transform:uppercase;color:#7f9fb0;font-weight:700;margin-bottom:8px;\">Not to be confused with<\/div>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/2026\/09\/16\/ti-grade-5-aisi-4340-difference\/\" data-dmkars=\"1\" style=\"display:inline-block;padding:4px 11px;border:1px solid rgba(36,190,229,.45);background:rgba(36,190,229,.12);border-radius:99px;margin:0 6px 6px 0;font-size:12.5px;font-weight:600;color:#9fe2f7;text-decoration:none;\">AISI 4340<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/2026\/09\/15\/ti-grade-2-ti-grade-5-difference\/\" data-dmkars=\"1\" style=\"display:inline-block;padding:4px 11px;border:1px solid rgba(36,190,229,.45);background:rgba(36,190,229,.12);border-radius:99px;margin:0 6px 6px 0;font-size:12.5px;font-weight:600;color:#9fe2f7;text-decoration:none;\">Ti Grade 2<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/2026\/09\/15\/ti-grade-4-ti-grade-5-difference\/\" data-dmkars=\"1\" style=\"display:inline-block;padding:4px 11px;border:1px solid rgba(36,190,229,.45);background:rgba(36,190,229,.12);border-radius:99px;margin:0 6px 6px 0;font-size:12.5px;font-weight:600;color:#9fe2f7;text-decoration:none;\">Ti Grade 4<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/2026\/09\/15\/ti-grade-5-ti-grade-5-eli-difference\/\" data-dmkars=\"1\" style=\"display:inline-block;padding:4px 11px;border:1px solid rgba(36,190,229,.45);background:rgba(36,190,229,.12);border-radius:99px;margin:0 6px 6px 0;font-size:12.5px;font-weight:600;color:#9fe2f7;text-decoration:none;\">Ti Grade 5 ELI<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"position:relative;z-index:2;\">\n<div style=\"display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">\n<div style=\"flex:0 0 118px;padding:11px 14px;background:#F7FAFB;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:.09em;text-transform:uppercase;color:#6b8091;font-weight:600;line-height:1.5;\">For what<\/div>\n<div style=\"flex:1 1 230px;min-width:0;padding:11px 14px;font-size:14.5px;line-height:1.7;color:#3d5260;word-wrap:break-word;overflow-wrap:break-word;\">It is bought for aerospace structural and engine parts where strength-to-weight ratio and strength at moderate temperature are both required: airframe and wing attachment hardware, landing gear parts, compressor discs and blades, engine mounts, fasteners (bolts and nuts), pressure vessels, rocket\u2026<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">\n<div style=\"flex:0 0 118px;padding:11px 14px;background:#F7FAFB;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:.09em;text-transform:uppercase;color:#6b8091;font-weight:600;line-height:1.5;\">Forms<\/div>\n<div style=\"flex:1 1 230px;min-width:0;padding:11px 14px;font-size:14.5px;line-height:1.7;color:#3d5260;word-wrap:break-word;overflow-wrap:break-word;\">Round bar \u00b7 flat bar \u00b7 plate \u00b7 sheet \u00b7 tube \u00b7 forgings. All forms are supplied to order.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">\n<div style=\"flex:0 0 118px;padding:11px 14px;background:#F7FAFB;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:.09em;text-transform:uppercase;color:#6b8091;font-weight:600;line-height:1.5;\">Standards<\/div>\n<div style=\"flex:1 1 230px;min-width:0;padding:11px 14px;font-size:14.5px;line-height:1.7;color:#3d5260;word-wrap:break-word;overflow-wrap:break-word;\">AMS (verified by four or more independent sources): 4911 &#8211; sheet, strip and plate, annealed \u00b7 4928 &#8211; bars, wire, forgings, rings and drawn shapes, annealed \u00b7 4965 &#8211; bars, wire, forgings and rings, SOLUTION HEAT TREATED AND AGED (STA) \u00b7 6931 &#8211; bars, forgings and forging stock, annealed. Military equivalents: AMS-T-9046 \/ MIL-T-9046 Type AB-1 (sheet, strip, plate) \u00b7 AMS-T-9047 \/ MIL-T-9047 (bars and reforging stock). ASTM: B265 \/ ASME SB-265 Grade 5 (strip, sheet, plate) \u00b7 B348 \/ ASME SB-348 Grade 5 (bars and billets) \u00b7 B381 Grade F-5 (forgings) \u00b7 F1472 (surgical implants, UNS R56400). Welding: matching ERTi-5 rod to AWS A5.16 \/ ASME SFA-5.16; where toughness is needed, ELI (ERTi-23) or unalloyed filler is also used (TWI).<br \/><span style=\"font-size:12.5px;color:#7b8f9b;line-height:1.6;display:inline-block;margin-top:6px;\">EVERY AMS NUMBER WAS VERIFIED ONE BY ONE. THOSE THAT BELONG TO GRADE 5: 4911 (sheet\/strip\/plate, annealed &#8211; 5 sources) \u00b7 4928 (bars\/wire\/forgings\/rings, annealed &#8211; 6 sources) \u00b7 4965 (bars\/wire\/forgings\/rings, solution heat treated and aged &#8211; 5 sources) \u00b7 6931\u2026<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">\n<div style=\"flex:0 0 118px;padding:11px 14px;background:#F7FAFB;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:.09em;text-transform:uppercase;color:#6b8091;font-weight:600;line-height:1.5;\">Advantage<\/div>\n<div style=\"flex:1 1 230px;min-width:0;padding:11px 14px;font-size:14.5px;line-height:1.7;color:#3d5260;word-wrap:break-word;overflow-wrap:break-word;\">It is the only common titanium grade that gains strength by heat treatment, and the gain is measurable: in the annealed condition the ASTM B265 \/ B348 minimum yield is 828 MPa (120 ksi), while after solution treating and ageing (STA) the typical yield rises to between 1034 MPa (150 ksi, United\u2026<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">\n<div style=\"flex:0 0 118px;padding:11px 14px;background:#F7FAFB;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:.09em;text-transform:uppercase;color:#6b8091;font-weight:600;line-height:1.5;\">Welding<\/div>\n<div style=\"flex:1 1 230px;min-width:0;padding:11px 14px;font-size:14.5px;line-height:1.7;color:#3d5260;word-wrap:break-word;overflow-wrap:break-word;\">Filler metal: matching ERTi-5 rod to AWS A5.16 \/ ASME SFA-5.16. TWI reports that UNALLOYED or ELI filler is used on alpha-beta alloys to raise weld metal ductility, by cutting the amount of beta phase and the interstitial load. PREHEAT IS NOT REQUIRED.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">\n<div style=\"flex:0 0 118px;padding:11px 14px;background:#fdeceb;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:.09em;text-transform:uppercase;color:#c0392b;font-weight:600;line-height:1.5;\">Limits<\/div>\n<div style=\"flex:1 1 230px;min-width:0;padding:11px 14px;font-size:14.5px;line-height:1.7;color:#3d5260;word-wrap:break-word;overflow-wrap:break-word;background:#fdeceb;\">THE TEMPERATURE CEILING DIVIDES BY SOURCE: Carpenter Technology gives about 350 \u00b0C (660 \u00b0F), TIMET 350 \u00b0C (660 \u00b0F), Aubert &#038; Duval 300 \u00b0C for creep and Granta \/ Titanium Information Group about 400 \u00b0C (750 \u00b0F). NO AVERAGE HAS BEEN TAKEN; a design must state which source&#8217;s criterion it uses.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"padding:14px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/en\/contact\/\" style=\"display:inline-block;padding:11px 20px;font-size:14px;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;margin:0 8px 6px 0;background:#dd3333;color:#ffffff;\">REQUEST A QUOTE<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/en\/titanium-alloys\/\" style=\"display:inline-block;padding:11px 20px;font-size:14px;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;margin:0 8px 6px 0;font-weight:600;border:1px solid #12303f;color:#12303f;\">All titanium alloys &rarr;<\/a><span data-dm=\"dm-teknik\" style=\"cursor:pointer;display:inline-block;padding:11px 20px;font-size:14px;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;margin:0 8px 6px 0;border:1px solid #dd3333;color:#dd3333;\">TECHNICAL DETAILS &darr;<\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"padding:9px 14px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-size:11.5px;color:#8a9aa4;line-height:1.5;\">Compiled from manufacturer data sheets \u00b7 confirm against the current specification before ordering<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><!-- \/dm-hap --><!-- dm-nav --><\/p>\n<style>h4[id^=\"dm-b\"]{scroll-margin-top:120px}#dm-teknik{scroll-margin-top:120px}<\/style>\n<div style=\"border:1px solid #d7dfe4;background:#ffffff;margin:0 0 22px;padding:12px 14px;\">\n<div style=\"font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:.09em;text-transform:uppercase;color:#6b8091;font-weight:600;margin-bottom:9px;\">On this page &middot; click to jump<\/div>\n<div><span data-dm=\"dm-b0\" style=\"cursor:pointer;display:inline-block;padding:5px 11px;border:1px solid #dfe6ea;background:#F7FAFB;margin:0 6px 7px 0;font-size:13px;color:#12303f;\">Standards by Product Form<\/span><span data-dm=\"dm-b1\" style=\"cursor:pointer;display:inline-block;padding:5px 11px;border:1px solid #dfe6ea;background:#F7FAFB;margin:0 6px 7px 0;font-size:13px;color:#12303f;\">Welding, Heat Treatment and Machining<\/span><span data-dm=\"dm-b2\" style=\"cursor:pointer;display:inline-block;padding:5px 11px;border:1px solid #dfe6ea;background:#F7FAFB;margin:0 6px 7px 0;font-size:13px;color:#12303f;\">Grade 5 or Grade 5 ELI (Grade 23)?<\/span><span data-dm=\"dm-b3\" style=\"cursor:pointer;display:inline-block;padding:5px 11px;border:1px solid #dfe6ea;background:#F7FAFB;margin:0 6px 7px 0;font-size:13px;color:#12303f;\">Frequently Asked Questions<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><script>(function(){function go(id){var e=document.getElementById(id);if(e){var s=document.scrollingElement||document.documentElement;var y=e.getBoundingClientRect().top+s.scrollTop-118;if(y-0-0-0-0!==y){y=0;}window.scrollTo(0,y);}}function bind(el){el.addEventListener(\"click\",function(ev){ev.preventDefault();go(el.getAttribute(\"data-dm\"));});}function init(){var l=document.querySelectorAll(\"[data-dm]\");Array.prototype.forEach.call(l,bind);if(location.hash){if(location.hash.indexOf(\"#dm-\")===0){try{history.replaceState(null,\"\",location.pathname+location.search);}catch(e){}window.scrollTo(0,0);setTimeout(function(){window.scrollTo(0,0);},80);}}}if(document.readyState===\"loading\"){document.addEventListener(\"DOMContentLoaded\",init);}else{init();}})();<\/script><!-- \/dm-nav --><br \/>\n<span id=\"dm-teknik\" style=\"display:block;height:0;overflow:hidden;\"><\/span><br \/>\nTi Grade 5 (Ti6Al4V) \u2014 Titanium &#8211; 6% Al &#8211; 4% V.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Properties:<\/strong> More than 50% of titanium products worldwide are produced from this alloy, by casting, powder metallurgy or hot forming. The properties of the various product forms depend on the chemical composition used and on the thermomechanical processing. The alloy is generally used in the annealed (soft annealed) condition, which gives the best combination of strength, toughness and ductility. The alloy can be age hardened in thicknesses up to 25 mm.<\/p>\n<p>The alloy is formed from titanium combined with aluminium and vanadium. It is one of the most widely used types of titanium alloy and is chosen for many demanding applications because of properties such as high strength, low density and corrosion resistance.<\/p>\n<p>It is ideal for applications requiring high performance in particular.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Application areas:<\/strong> chemical industry, aerospace industry, medical applications.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Machinability:<\/strong> The alloy is known for its high strength and hardness, which can make it somewhat difficult to machine. With the right techniques and tooling, however, it can be machined successfully.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Machining:<\/strong> It can be processed by operations such as milling, turning and drilling. Because of the high melting point and hardness of titanium, care should be taken to work at low speeds. Cutting tools should generally be a hard alloy or carbide, and cutting fluids should be used to prevent overheating.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Welding:<\/strong> The alloy is suitable for TIG (Tungsten Inert Gas) welding. Shielding with inert gases such as argon should be provided during welding, since titanium is sensitive to oxidation. MIG welding can also be applied, but it requires high precision.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Cold forming:<\/strong> The alloy is suitable for cold forming operations and can be shaped by processes such as plasma cutting and bending.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Hot forming:<\/strong> The alloy is suitable for hot forming, but it is important to prevent oxidation at high temperatures.<\/p>\n<div style=\"border:1px solid #d7dfe4;background:#ffffff;margin:24px 0 18px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\">\n<div style=\"background:#DD3333;color:#ffffff;font-size:13px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.04em;text-transform:uppercase;padding:10px 12px;line-height:1.35;\">Chemical Composition<\/div>\n<p><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<table style=\"border-collapse:collapse;width:100%;font-size:15px;line-height:1.5;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\">C %<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">\u2264 0.08<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\">V %<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">3.50-4.50<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\">N %<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">\u2264 0.05<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\">Ti %<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">Balance<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\">Al %<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">5.50-6.75<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\">Fe %<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">\u2264 0.20<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\">O %<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">\u2264 0.20<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\">H %<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">\u2264 0.015<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"border:1px solid #d7dfe4;background:#ffffff;margin:24px 0 18px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\">\n<div style=\"background:#DD3333;color:#ffffff;font-size:13px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.04em;text-transform:uppercase;padding:10px 12px;line-height:1.35;\">Mechanical Properties at 20 \u00b0C<\/div>\n<p><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<table style=\"border-collapse:collapse;width:100%;font-size:15px;line-height:1.5;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\">Hardness HB 30<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">\u2265 HB 310<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\">0.2% Yield Strength Rp N\/mm\u00b2<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">\u2265 830<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\">Tensile Strength Rm N\/mm\u00b2<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">\u2265 895<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\">Elongation<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">\u2265 10%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\">Modulus of Elasticity kN\/mm\u00b2<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">114<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"border:1px solid #d7dfe4;background:#ffffff;margin:24px 0 18px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\">\n<div style=\"background:#DD3333;color:#ffffff;font-size:13px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.04em;text-transform:uppercase;padding:10px 12px;line-height:1.35;\">Physical Properties at 20 \u00b0C<\/div>\n<p><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<table style=\"border-collapse:collapse;width:100%;font-size:15px;line-height:1.5;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\">Density gr\/cm\u00b3<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">\u2265 4.43<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\">Specific Heat Capacity J\/kg K<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">\u2265 560<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\">Thermal ConductivityW\/m K<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">\u2265 7.1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\">Electrical Resistivity \u03a9 mm\u00b2\/m<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">\u2265 1.71<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"dm-std\" style=\"border:1px solid #d7dfe4;background:#ffffff;margin:24px 0 18px;\">\n<div style=\"background:#DD3333;color:#ffffff;font-size:13px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.04em;text-transform:uppercase;padding:10px 12px;line-height:1.35;\">Standards and Equivalents \u00b7 Ti Grade 5<\/div>\n<div data-dmtw=\"1\" style=\"position:relative;overflow:hidden;\"><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"position:relative;z-index:2;overflow-x:auto;\">\n<table style=\"border-collapse:collapse;width:100%;font-size:15px;line-height:1.5;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\">Trade name<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">Ti Grade 5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\">UNS<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">R56400<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\">AMS<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">4928 <span style=\"color:#6b7a84;font-size:13px;\">(bar, forgings)<\/span> \u00b7 4911 <span style=\"color:#6b7a84;font-size:13px;\">(plate, sheet, strip)<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\">Available forms<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">Round bar \u00b7 Flat bar \u00b7 Plate \u00b7 Sheet \u00b7 Tube \u00b7 Forgings<br \/><span style=\"font-size:13px;color:#6b7a84;\">All forms are supplied to order.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><!-- dm-zengin --><\/p>\n<h4 id=\"dm-b0\" style=\"font-size:19px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;margin:30px 0 10px;line-height:1.35;\">Standards by Product Form<\/h4>\n<p><!-- dm-diy-std --><\/p>\n<div style=\"border:1px solid #e3e9ec;margin:22px 0 26px;background:#fff;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\">\n<div style=\"background:#12303f;color:#fff;padding:9px 14px;font-size:14px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.3px;position:relative;z-index:2;\">STANDARDS BY PRODUCT FORM<\/div>\n<div style=\"position:relative;z-index:2;\">\n<div style=\"padding:12px 12px 2px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\"><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"overflow-x:auto;position:relative;z-index:2;\">\n<table style=\"width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:13.5px;min-width:430px;background:transparent;\">\n<tr>\n<th style=\"padding:7px 9px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:#12303f;background:#F2F6F8;border:1px solid #eceff1;\">Product form<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding:7px 9px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:#12303f;background:#F2F6F8;border:1px solid #eceff1;\">Standards<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">Sheet \u00b7 strip \u00b7 plate<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\"><b style=\"font-size:16.5px;font-weight:800;color:#12303f;\">AMS 4911<\/b> (sheet, strip and plate, annealed) \u00b7 AMS-T-9046 \/ MIL-T-9046 Type AB-1 \u00b7 ASTM B265 \/ ASME SB-265 Grade 5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">Round bar \u00b7 flat bar \u00b7 billet<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\"><b style=\"font-size:16.5px;font-weight:800;color:#12303f;\">AMS 4928<\/b> (bars, wire, forgings, rings and drawn shapes, annealed) \u00b7 <b style=\"font-size:16.5px;font-weight:800;color:#12303f;\">AMS 6931<\/b> (bars, forgings and forging stock, annealed) \u00b7 <b style=\"font-size:16.5px;font-weight:800;color:#12303f;\">AMS 4965<\/b> (solution heat treated and aged) \u00b7 AMS-T-9047 \/ MIL-T-9047 \u00b7 ASTM B348 \/ ASME SB-348 Grade 5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">Forgings<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\"><b style=\"font-size:16.5px;font-weight:800;color:#12303f;\">AMS 4928<\/b> \u00b7 <b style=\"font-size:16.5px;font-weight:800;color:#12303f;\">AMS 6931<\/b> (annealed) \u00b7 <b style=\"font-size:16.5px;font-weight:800;color:#12303f;\">AMS 4965<\/b> (solution heat treated and aged) \u00b7 ASTM B381 Grade F-5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">Heat treatment condition \u00b7 STA<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\"><b style=\"font-size:16.5px;font-weight:800;color:#12303f;\">AMS 4965<\/b> &#8211; bars, wire, forgings and rings, SOLUTION HEAT TREATED AND AGED. <b style=\"font-size:16.5px;font-weight:800;color:#12303f;\">AMS 4967<\/b> (annealed, heat treatable) and <b style=\"font-size:16.5px;font-weight:800;color:#12303f;\">AMS 6930<\/b> (bars\/forgings\/forging stock, STA) belong to Grade 5 but were left off the card because they reached only three and two sources respectively.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">Surgical implants<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">ASTM F1472 &#8211; Wrought Titanium-6Aluminum-4Vanadium Alloy for Surgical Implant Applications (UNS R56400). ASTM F136, the ELI implant specification, DOES NOT BELONG TO THIS GRADE.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">Welding filler<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">Matching ERTi-5 rod to AWS A5.16 \/ ASME SFA-5.16. TWI reports that unalloyed or ELI (ERTi-23) filler may be used to raise weld metal ductility.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">Inspection \u00b7 Europe \u00b7 certification<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\"><b style=\"font-size:16.5px;font-weight:800;color:#12303f;\">AMS 2631<\/b> &#8211; ULTRASONIC INSPECTION of titanium bar, billet and plate; it is NOT a material specification and names no grade. The split between W.Nr. 3.7165 (general) and 3.7164 (aerospace) rests on two sources. EN 10204 is not a material specification; it defines the 2.2 \/ 3.1 \/ 3.2 inspection document type.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"padding:6px 14px 12px;font-size:12px;color:#5b7180;line-height:1.7;border-top:1px solid #f0f3f5;position:relative;z-index:2;\">AMS numbers are written first and ASTM numbers second. AMS 4907, 4930, 4931 and 6932 are ELI (Grade 23) numbers and DO NOT APPEAR in this map. No verified AMS pipe or tube number was found for Grade 5. Whether Grade 5 appears in ASTM B861 \/ B862 \/ B863 could not be verified by four sources and was written into the skipped list.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><!-- \/dm-diy-std --><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 12px;font-size:15px;line-height:1.75;\">Two points are critical when ordering Ti Grade 5. First, different standards apply to different product forms, and <b>aerospace (AMS) specifications impose a tighter iron limit<\/b> than ASTM. Second, a common market error is to quote Grade 5 tube against &#8220;ASTM B338&#8221; \u2014 <b>the ASTM B338 grade list does not include Grade 5<\/b>; Grade 5 pipe is ordered to B861 \/ B862.<\/p>\n<div style=\"border:1px solid #d7dfe4;background:#ffffff;margin:24px 0 18px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\">\n<div style=\"background:#DD3333;color:#ffffff;font-size:13px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.04em;text-transform:uppercase;padding:10px 12px;line-height:1.35;\">Standards by Product Form \u00b7 Ti Grade 5 \/ Ti-6Al-4V (R56400)<\/div>\n<p><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<table style=\"border-collapse:collapse;width:100%;font-size:15px;line-height:1.5;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\">Sheet \u00b7 Plate \u00b7 Strip<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">ASTM B265 Gr 5 \/ ASME SB-265 \u00b7 AMS 4911 (annealed)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\">Bar \u00b7 Billet<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">ASTM B348 Gr 5 \/ ASME SB-348 \u00b7 AMS 4928 \u00b7 AMS 4967 \u00b7 AMS 4965 (solution treated and aged)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\">Forgings<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">ASTM B381 Gr F-5 \u00b7 AMS 4928 \u00b7 AMS 4967 \u00b7 AMS 4965<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\">Rings \u00b7 Discs<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">AMS 4928 \u00b7 AMS 4967 \u00b7 AMS 4965<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\">Wire<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">ASTM B863 Gr 5 \u00b7 AMS 4928<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\">Seamless pipe<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">ASTM B861 Gr 5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\">Welded pipe<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">ASTM B862 Gr 5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\">Welding wire<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">AWS A5.16 ERTi-5 \u00b7 AMS 4954 &nbsp;<span style=\"font-size:13px;color:#6b7a84;\">(ELI filler: ERTi-23 \u00b7 AMS 4956)<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\">Castings<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">ASTM B367 Gr C-5 \u00b7 AMS 4985<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\">Surgical implants<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">ASTM F1472 \u00b7 ISO 5832-3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 12px;font-size:15px;line-height:1.75;\">Mechanical minimums to ASTM B265 \/ B348 Grade 5: tensile \u2265 <b>895 MPa<\/b>, 0.2% yield \u2265 <b>828 MPa<\/b>, elongation \u2265 <b>10%<\/b>. Density is 4.43 g\/cm\u00b3 \u2014 about 57% that of steel. On chemistry, ASTM caps iron at 0.40% and AMS at 0.30%; oxygen is capped at 0.20% in both.<\/p>\n<h4 id=\"dm-b1\" style=\"font-size:19px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;margin:30px 0 10px;line-height:1.35;\">Welding, Heat Treatment and Machining<\/h4>\n<p><!-- dm-diy-isil --><\/p>\n<div style=\"border:1px solid #e3e9ec;margin:22px 0 26px;background:#fff;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\">\n<div style=\"background:#12303f;color:#fff;padding:9px 14px;font-size:14px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.3px;position:relative;z-index:2;\">HEAT TREATMENT \u2014 SCHEMATIC<\/div>\n<div style=\"position:relative;z-index:2;\">\n<div style=\"padding:14px 12px 4px;display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:10px;align-items:stretch;\">\n<div style=\"flex:1 1 180px;min-width:150px;background:#12303f;color:#fff;padding:12px 14px;\">\n<div style=\"font-size:12.5px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.06em;line-height:1.35;\">1 \u00b7 SOLUTION TREATMENT<\/div>\n<div style=\"font-size:12.5px;line-height:1.5;margin-top:4px;opacity:.88;\">843-968 \u00b0C band. TIMET 899-968 \u00b0C (1650-1775 \u00b0F)<br \/>TIMET 2-120 minutes<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"flex:1 1 180px;min-width:150px;background:#c0392b;color:#fff;padding:12px 14px;\">\n<div style=\"font-size:12.5px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.06em;line-height:1.35;\">2 \u00b7 COOL<\/div>\n<div style=\"font-size:12.5px;line-height:1.5;margin-top:4px;opacity:.88;\">WATER QUENCH. All four sources give a water quench. The quench freezes the beta phase in a supersaturated state through the section; air cooling is NOT SUFFICIENT for STA and a heavy section will not harden through at the centre.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"flex:1 1 180px;min-width:150px;background:#1b7f4b;color:#fff;padding:12px 14px;\">\n<div style=\"font-size:12.5px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.06em;line-height:1.35;\">3 \u00b7 AGEING<\/div>\n<div style=\"font-size:12.5px;line-height:1.5;margin-top:4px;opacity:.88;\">see the table below<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"padding:6px 10px 0;\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 740 148\" style=\"width:100%;height:auto;display:block;\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" role=\"img\"><line x1=\"70\" y1=\"68\" x2=\"690\" y2=\"68\" stroke=\"#9fb0ba\" stroke-width=\"2\"\/><line x1=\"70.0\" y1=\"68\" x2=\"80.3\" y2=\"42\" stroke=\"#c7d2d9\" stroke-width=\"1.5\"\/><circle cx=\"70.0\" cy=\"68\" r=\"5\" fill=\"#12303f\"\/><text x=\"80.3\" y=\"34\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-size=\"12.5\" font-weight=\"bold\" fill=\"#12303f\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">AGEING \u00b7 LOW END (m\u2026<\/text><text x=\"80.3\" y=\"19\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-size=\"11.5\" fill=\"#5b7180\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">552 \u00b0C<\/text><line x1=\"670.0\" y1=\"68\" x2=\"664.6\" y2=\"42\" stroke=\"#c7d2d9\" stroke-width=\"1.5\"\/><circle cx=\"670.0\" cy=\"68\" r=\"5\" fill=\"#12303f\"\/><text x=\"664.6\" y=\"34\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-size=\"12.5\" font-weight=\"bold\" fill=\"#12303f\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">AGEING \u00b7 HIGH END (\u2026<\/text><text x=\"664.6\" y=\"19\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-size=\"11.5\" fill=\"#5b7180\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">691 \u00b0C<\/text><text x=\"370\" y=\"142\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-size=\"11.5\" font-weight=\"bold\" fill=\"#12303f\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">Ageing temperature (\u00b0C)<\/text><\/svg><\/div>\n<div style=\"padding:10px 12px 2px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\"><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"position:relative;z-index:2;\">\n<div style=\"font-size:13.5px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;margin:6px 0 6px;\">Solution treatment<\/div>\n<table style=\"width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:13.5px;background:transparent;\">\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Temperature<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">843-968 \u00b0C band. TIMET 899-968 \u00b0C (1650-1775 \u00b0F) \u00b7 Granta\/TIG 904-954 \u00b0C (1660-1750 \u00b0F) \u00b7 NASA\/DMIC 843-954 \u00b0C (1550-1750 \u00b0F) \u00b7 RMI\/RTI 954 \u00b0C (1750 \u00b0F). FOUR INDEPENDENT SOURCES. All lie BELOW the beta transus (995-1000 \u00b0C); NASA\/DMIC states that the low end of the band (843 \u00b0C) is used for ductility and formability and the high end (927-954 \u00b0C) for maximum strength.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Time<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">TIMET 2-120 minutes \u00b7 Granta\/TIG 5 minutes to 2 hours \u00b7 RMI\/RTI 10 minutes \u00b7 NASA\/DMIC according to section thickness.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Cooling<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">WATER QUENCH. All four sources give a water quench. The quench freezes the beta phase in a supersaturated state through the section; air cooling is NOT SUFFICIENT for STA and a heavy section will not harden through at the centre.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Warning<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">NASA\/DMIC reports an alpha case of 0.08-0.20 mm (3-8 mils) under typical solution-treating conditions in air. If vacuum or a protective atmosphere is not used, that layer must be removed.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"padding:10px 12px 2px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\"><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"position:relative;z-index:2;\">\n<div style=\"font-size:13.5px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;margin:6px 0 6px;\">1 \u00b7 STRESS RELIEF<\/div>\n<table style=\"width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:13.5px;background:transparent;\">\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Step<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">1 \u00b7 STRESS RELIEF<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Summary<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">Reduces residual stress left by machining, cold forming, straightening and welding. It changes neither the grain structure nor the strength.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Temperature<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">482-649 \u00b0C. RMI\/RTI 482 \u00b0C (900 \u00b0F) \u00b7 NASA\/DMIC 538-649 \u00b0C (1000-1200 \u00b0F). TWO INDEPENDENT SOURCES; four could not be reached, so this is not written as a binding band.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Time<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">RMI\/RTI 30 minutes \u00b7 NASA\/DMIC 30 minutes to 1 hour.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Cooling<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">Air cool.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Resulting hardness<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">Hardness and strength are practically unchanged. Stress relief is NOT a hardening step.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"padding:10px 12px 2px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\"><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"position:relative;z-index:2;\">\n<div style=\"font-size:13.5px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;margin:6px 0 6px;\">2 \u00b7 ANNEALING (MILL ANNEAL)<\/div>\n<table style=\"width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:13.5px;background:transparent;\">\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Step<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">2 \u00b7 ANNEALING (MILL ANNEAL)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Summary<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">The standard as-delivered condition. The temperature stays below the beta transus and the equiaxed alpha plus intergranular beta structure is kept. The specification minima are written against this condition.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Temperature<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">704-816 \u00b0C common band. TIMET 704 \u00b0C (1300 \u00b0F) \u00b7 RMI\/RTI 704 \u00b0C (1300 \u00b0F) \u00b7 Granta \/ Titanium Information Group 732 \u00b0C (1350 \u00b0F) \u00b7 NASA\/DMIC 704-816 \u00b0C (1300-1500 \u00b0F). FOUR INDEPENDENT SOURCES. NO AVERAGE HAS BEEN TAKEN.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Time<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">20 minutes to 4 hours. RMI\/RTI 20 minutes \u00b7 TIMET 1 hour \u00b7 NASA\/DMIC 1-2 hours \u00b7 Granta\/TIG 4 hours.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Cooling<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">TIMET air cool or slower \u00b7 RMI\/RTI air cool \u00b7 NASA\/DMIC furnace cool to about 593 \u00b0C (1100 \u00b0F), then air \u00b7 Granta\/TIG furnace cool to 566 \u00b0C (1050 \u00b0F), then air.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Resulting hardness<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">Annealed condition. ASTM B265 \/ B348 Grade 5 floors: 895 MPa tensile, 828 MPa yield, 10% elongation. Typical hardness 334 HBW \/ 36 HRC (United Performance Metals).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"padding:10px 12px 2px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\"><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"position:relative;z-index:2;\">\n<div style=\"font-size:13.5px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;margin:6px 0 6px;\">3 \u00b7 BETA ANNEALING<\/div>\n<table style=\"width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:13.5px;background:transparent;\">\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Step<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">3 \u00b7 BETA ANNEALING<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Summary<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">Annealing ABOVE the beta transus and cooling produces a transformed-beta (lamellar \/ Widmanstaetten) structure. Yield strength falls slightly while fracture toughness and crack growth resistance rise. It is not a strength step but a TOUGHNESS step.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Temperature<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">Above the beta transus. RMI\/RTI gives 1016 \u00b0C (1860 \u00b0F). NeoNickel lists a &#8216;beta annealed&#8217; condition separately but gives no temperature. TWO SOURCES; not written as a binding temperature.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Time<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">RMI\/RTI 20 minutes. Single source.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Cooling<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">Air cool (transformed-beta structure).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Resulting hardness<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">NeoNickel gives 903 MPa (131 ksi) yield and 134 ksi-root-in K1C for the beta annealed condition, and 910-979 MPa (132-142 ksi) yield with 128-140 ksi-root-in K1C for continuously rolled annealed sheet. SINGLE SOURCE.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"padding:10px 12px 2px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\"><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"position:relative;z-index:2;\">\n<div style=\"font-size:13.5px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;margin:6px 0 6px;\">AGEING \u00b7 LOW END (maximum strength)<\/div>\n<table style=\"width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:13.5px;background:transparent;\">\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Step<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">AGEING \u00b7 LOW END (maximum strength)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Temperature<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">482-552 \u00b0C. TIMET low end of the band 482 \u00b0C (900 \u00b0F) \u00b7 NASA\/DMIC 482-593 \u00b0C (900-1100 \u00b0F) \u00b7 United Performance Metals 524-552 \u00b0C (975-1025 \u00b0F) \u00b7 Granta\/TIG 538 \u00b0C (1000 \u00b0F) \u00b7 NeoNickel 538 \u00b0C. FIVE INDEPENDENT SOURCES.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Time<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">1-24 hours. TIMET 2-8 hours \u00b7 NASA\/DMIC 1-24 hours, with no significant effect beyond 8 hours \u00b7 Granta\/TIG 4 hours.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Cooling<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">Air cool.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Result<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">Highest yield, lowest toughness. United Performance Metals gives 1034 MPa (150 ksi) yield and about 360 HBW after 524-552 \u00b0C; NeoNickel gives 1096 MPa (159 ksi) yield and 80 ksi-root-in K1C for 538 \u00b0C.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"padding:10px 12px 2px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\"><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"position:relative;z-index:2;\">\n<div style=\"font-size:13.5px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;margin:6px 0 6px;\">AGEING \u00b7 HIGH END (towards toughness)<\/div>\n<table style=\"width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:13.5px;background:transparent;\">\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Step<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">AGEING \u00b7 HIGH END (towards toughness)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Temperature<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">621-691 \u00b0C. RMI\/RTI 621 \u00b0C (1150 \u00b0F) \u00b7 TIMET high end of the band 691 \u00b0C (1275 \u00b0F) \u00b7 NeoNickel 677 \u00b0C. THREE SOURCES.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Time<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">RMI\/RTI 24 hours \u00b7 TIMET 2-8 hours.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Cooling<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">Air cool.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Result<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">Yield falls and toughness rises: NeoNickel gives 945 MPa (137 ksi) yield and 105 ksi-root-in K1C for 677 \u00b0C. Within one alloy, the ageing temperature is what chooses between strength and toughness.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"padding:6px 14px 12px;font-size:12px;color:#5b7180;line-height:1.7;border-top:1px solid #f0f3f5;position:relative;z-index:2;\">The diagram is schematic; the time axis is NOT to scale. No published TTT\/CCT curve was used, so no curve is drawn. Ti-6Al-4V is an ALPHA-BETA alloy and, unlike the commercially pure grades, it DOES gain strength by SOLUTION TREATING AND AGEING (STA); this is a genuine heat-treatment hardening. The upper limit of every stage is set by the BETA TRANSUS: about 995-1000 \u00b0C (1825-1830 \u00b0F). Each stage below was verified separately and the source count is stated on every stage. STA = SOLUTION TREAT + WATER QUENCH + AGE. If any one of the three steps is left out, the result is not STA. A drawing that says only &#8216;heat treated&#8217; is not enough; the solution temperature, the quench medium and the ageing temperature and time must each be written. THE STA EFFECT IS LIMITED BY SECTION THICKNESS: TIMET gives the STA cycle only for certain bar products. The sources DIVERGE on the beta transus: TIMET 996 \u00b0C (1825 \u00b0F \u00b125 \u00b0F) \u00b7 United Performance Metals 999 \u00b0C (1830 \u00b0F \u00b125 \u00b0F) \u00b7 Granta \/ Titanium Information Group 999 \u00b0C (\u00b115 \u00b0C) \u00b7 NeoNickel 996 \u00b0C (\u00b128 \u00b0C). NO AVERAGE HAS BEEN TAKEN; the card writes the range 995-1000 \u00b0C. The stress relief and beta annealing stages did not reach four sources; the source counts are written inside the stages and those figures must not be used as a binding recipe. No published TTT\/CCT curve was used; the diagram shows only the order of the cycle.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><!-- \/dm-diy-isil --><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:18px 0 6px;font-size:15px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;line-height:1.5;\">Welding<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 12px;font-size:15px;line-height:1.75;\">GTAW (TIG) is the most common and preferred process; GMAW, plasma, electron beam, laser and resistance welding are also used. The filler is matching <b>AWS A5.16 ERTi-5<\/b> (AMS 4954), or <b>ERTi-23<\/b> (ELI, AMS 4956) for a more ductile and tougher weld. <b>Atmospheric contamination is the decisive issue with this material:<\/b> pure argon shielding, back (root) purging and a trailing shield are mandatory \u2014 pick-up of oxygen, nitrogen or hydrogen embrittles the weld. Avoid iron contamination: use dedicated grinding wheels and brushes and clean gloves. All surface oxide and grease must be removed before welding. Post-weld stress relief is recommended.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:18px 0 6px;font-size:15px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;line-height:1.5;\">Heat treatment<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 12px;font-size:15px;line-height:1.75;\">Ti-6Al-4V is an \u03b1+\u03b2 alloy with a \u03b2-transus of roughly <b>995\u20131000 \u00b0C<\/b>. The standard delivery condition is <b>mill annealed<\/b>: 705\u2013760 \u00b0C, typically 730 \u00b0C, for 0.5\u20134 hours, air or furnace cooled. Stress relief is carried out between 540 and 650 \u00b0C for 1\u20138 hours. Where higher strength is required, solution treatment and ageing (STA) is applied: for bar and forgings, 955 \u00b1 14 \u00b0C for 2 hours followed by water quenching, then ageing at 525\u2013550 \u00b0C for 4\u20138 hours. <b>The effectiveness of STA depends strongly on section thickness<\/b> \u2014 above roughly 25\u201350 mm the quench rate becomes insufficient. STA material must be ordered separately to AMS 4965. Heat treatment must be carried out <b>in vacuum or an inert atmosphere<\/b>; treating in air forms a brittle oxygen-rich &#8220;alpha case&#8221; that has to be removed mechanically.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:18px 0 6px;font-size:15px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;line-height:1.5;\">Machining<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 12px;font-size:15px;line-height:1.75;\">Machinability rating is roughly 20\u201322% of B1112. The governing rule is <b>low cutting speed, high feed, sharp tooling and copious coolant<\/b>. Typical speeds with coated carbide: turning 70\u201390 m\/min, milling and drilling 50\u201370 m\/min. Thermal conductivity is very low, so heat concentrates at the cutting edge \u2014 high-pressure, high-volume coolant directed straight at the edge is essential. <b>Use a chlorine-free cutting fluid<\/b>; chlorine residue creates a risk of stress-corrosion cracking. Rigid clamping is mandatory, since vibration causes sudden tool failure, and dwelling in the cut work-hardens the surface. Fine chips and dust ignite readily: do not let chips accumulate and keep a Class D extinguisher on hand.<\/p>\n<h4 id=\"dm-b2\" style=\"font-size:19px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;margin:30px 0 10px;line-height:1.35;\">Grade 5 or Grade 5 ELI (Grade 23)?<\/h4>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 12px;font-size:15px;line-height:1.75;\">The difference between the two grades comes down to one thing: <b>interstitial element levels<\/b>, principally oxygen and iron. The alloying elements (Al and V) are identical.<\/p>\n<div style=\"border:1px solid #d7dfe4;background:#ffffff;margin:24px 0 18px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\">\n<div style=\"background:#DD3333;color:#ffffff;font-size:13px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.04em;text-transform:uppercase;padding:10px 12px;line-height:1.35;\">Grade 5 versus Grade 5 ELI (Grade 23)<\/div>\n<p><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<table style=\"border-collapse:collapse;width:100%;font-size:15px;line-height:1.5;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\">Oxygen (max.)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">Grade 5: 0.20% &nbsp;\u00b7&nbsp; ELI: 0.13%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\">Iron (max.)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">Grade 5: 0.40% (ASTM) \/ 0.30% (AMS) &nbsp;\u00b7&nbsp; ELI: 0.25%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\">Tensile strength (min)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">Grade 5: 895 MPa &nbsp;\u00b7&nbsp; ELI: 828 MPa<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\">Yield strength (min)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">Grade 5: 828 MPa &nbsp;\u00b7&nbsp; ELI: 759 MPa<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\">Fracture toughness<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">Markedly higher for ELI<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\">Cryogenic service<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">Grade 5 not suitable &nbsp;\u00b7&nbsp; ELI suitable<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\">Where it is used<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">Grade 5: wherever strength comes first \u2014 airframe structure, fasteners, offshore, sports and motorsport<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\">&nbsp;<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">ELI: surgical implants (ASTM F136 \/ ISO 5832-3), cryogenic service, damage-tolerant structures<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 12px;font-size:15px;line-height:1.75;\">In short, ELI gives up roughly 7% strength in exchange for markedly better ductility, fracture toughness and cryogenic performance. Buying ELI for a simple strength application is money wasted. For detail see <a href=\"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/en\/ti-grade-5-eli\/\">Ti Grade 5 ELI<\/a> \u00b7 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/en\/ti-grade-2\/\">Ti Grade 2<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h4 id=\"dm-b3\" style=\"font-size:19px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;margin:30px 0 10px;line-height:1.35;\">Frequently Asked Questions<\/h4>\n<p style=\"margin:18px 0 6px;font-size:15px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;line-height:1.5;\">I ordered ASTM B348 Grade 5 and received an AMS 4928 certificate. Is that acceptable?<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 12px;font-size:15px;line-height:1.75;\">Generally yes, but <b>only in one direction<\/b>. For bar, wire and forgings AMS 4928 imposes a tighter iron limit than ASTM B348 (0.30% versus 0.40%) along with additional inspection and traceability requirements. AMS 4928 material therefore satisfies B348 Grade 5; the reverse is not true \u2014 B348-certified material does not automatically substitute for AMS 4928. For aerospace work always order to AMS; dual-certified material is the safest option.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:18px 0 6px;font-size:15px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;line-height:1.5;\">Can Grade 5 be used above 400 \u00b0C?<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 12px;font-size:15px;line-height:1.75;\">Not for continuous service. The upper limit quoted by manufacturers is <b>350\u2013400 \u00b0C<\/b>, for two reasons: at 427 \u00b0C the yield strength falls by roughly 40% relative to room temperature, and long exposure in air at high temperature forms a brittle oxygen-rich surface layer that shortens fatigue life. Short-term, intermittent exposure can go higher subject to engineering assessment, but should not be taken as a continuous design value.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:18px 0 6px;font-size:15px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;line-height:1.5;\">Can I order Grade 5 tube to ASTM B338?<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 12px;font-size:15px;line-height:1.75;\">No. This is a common market error: <b>the ASTM B338 grade list does not include Grade 5.<\/b> Grade 5 seamless pipe is ordered to ASTM B861 and welded pipe to ASTM B862. Note also that AMS 4945 and AMS 4946 are not Ti-6Al-4V \u2014 they are Ti-3Al-2.5V hydraulic tubing specifications, which some supplier listings show incorrectly.<\/p>\n<p><!-- dm-diy-sert --><\/p>\n<div style=\"border:1px solid #e3e9ec;margin:22px 0 26px;background:#fff;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\">\n<div style=\"background:#12303f;color:#fff;padding:9px 14px;font-size:14px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.3px;position:relative;z-index:2;\">STRENGTH BY AGEING CONDITION<\/div>\n<div style=\"position:relative;z-index:2;\">\n<div style=\"padding:12px 10px 0;\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 740 492\" style=\"width:100%;height:auto;display:block;\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" role=\"img\"><rect x=\"16\" y=\"6\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"#12303f\"\/><text x=\"34\" y=\"16\" font-size=\"11.5\" fill=\"#12303f\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">Yield (MPa)<\/text><rect x=\"146\" y=\"6\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"#7fa8bd\"\/><text x=\"164\" y=\"16\" font-size=\"11.5\" fill=\"#12303f\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">Tensile (MPa)<\/text><text x=\"16\" y=\"44\" font-size=\"12.5\" font-weight=\"bold\" fill=\"#12303f\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">ASTM B265 \/ ASME SB-265 and ASTM B348 \/ ASME SB-348 Grade 5 &#8211; annealed<\/text><rect x=\"16\" y=\"50\" width=\"564.4\" height=\"15\" fill=\"#7fa8bd\"\/><text x=\"587.4\" y=\"62\" font-size=\"11.5\" fill=\"#5b7180\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">895<\/text><rect x=\"16\" y=\"68\" width=\"522.1\" height=\"15\" fill=\"#12303f\"\/><text x=\"545.1\" y=\"80\" font-size=\"11.5\" fill=\"#5b7180\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">828<\/text><text x=\"16\" y=\"108\" font-size=\"12.5\" font-weight=\"bold\" fill=\"#12303f\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">AMS 4911 &#8211; annealed sheet, strip and plate, 4.76-101.6 mm<\/text><rect x=\"16\" y=\"114\" width=\"563.1\" height=\"15\" fill=\"#7fa8bd\"\/><text x=\"586.1\" y=\"126\" font-size=\"11.5\" fill=\"#5b7180\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">893<\/text><rect x=\"16\" y=\"132\" width=\"519.0\" height=\"15\" fill=\"#12303f\"\/><text x=\"542.0\" y=\"144\" font-size=\"11.5\" fill=\"#5b7180\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">823<\/text><text x=\"16\" y=\"172\" font-size=\"12.5\" font-weight=\"bold\" fill=\"#12303f\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">AMS 4928 &#8211; annealed bars, wire, forgings and rings<\/text><rect x=\"16\" y=\"178\" width=\"587.1\" height=\"15\" fill=\"#7fa8bd\"\/><text x=\"610.1\" y=\"190\" font-size=\"11.5\" fill=\"#5b7180\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">931<\/text><rect x=\"16\" y=\"196\" width=\"522.1\" height=\"15\" fill=\"#12303f\"\/><text x=\"545.1\" y=\"208\" font-size=\"11.5\" fill=\"#5b7180\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">828<\/text><text x=\"16\" y=\"236\" font-size=\"12.5\" font-weight=\"bold\" fill=\"#12303f\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">ANNEALED (MILL ANNEALED) &#8211; typical values<\/text><rect x=\"16\" y=\"242\" width=\"569.4\" height=\"15\" fill=\"#7fa8bd\"\/><text x=\"592.4\" y=\"254\" font-size=\"11.5\" fill=\"#5b7180\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">903<\/text><rect x=\"16\" y=\"260\" width=\"522.1\" height=\"15\" fill=\"#12303f\"\/><text x=\"545.1\" y=\"272\" font-size=\"11.5\" fill=\"#5b7180\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">828<\/text><text x=\"16\" y=\"300\" font-size=\"12.5\" font-weight=\"bold\" fill=\"#12303f\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">BETA ANNEALED<\/text><rect x=\"16\" y=\"306\" width=\"569.4\" height=\"15\" fill=\"#12303f\"\/><text x=\"592.4\" y=\"318\" font-size=\"11.5\" fill=\"#5b7180\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">903<\/text><text x=\"16\" y=\"346\" font-size=\"12.5\" font-weight=\"bold\" fill=\"#12303f\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">SOLUTION TREATED AND AGED (STA) &#8211; low-end ageing (524-552 \u00b0C)<\/text><rect x=\"16\" y=\"352\" width=\"652.0\" height=\"15\" fill=\"#12303f\"\/><text x=\"675.0\" y=\"364\" font-size=\"11.5\" fill=\"#5b7180\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">1034<\/text><text x=\"16\" y=\"392\" font-size=\"12.5\" font-weight=\"bold\" fill=\"#12303f\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">SOLUTION TREATED AND AGED (STA) &#8211; high-end ageing (677 \u00b0C)<\/text><rect x=\"16\" y=\"398\" width=\"595.9\" height=\"15\" fill=\"#12303f\"\/><text x=\"618.9\" y=\"410\" font-size=\"11.5\" fill=\"#5b7180\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">945<\/text><text x=\"16\" y=\"438\" font-size=\"12.5\" font-weight=\"bold\" fill=\"#12303f\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">ASTM F1472 &#8211; surgical implant, annealed<\/text><rect x=\"16\" y=\"444\" width=\"586.4\" height=\"15\" fill=\"#7fa8bd\"\/><text x=\"609.4\" y=\"456\" font-size=\"11.5\" fill=\"#5b7180\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">930<\/text><rect x=\"16\" y=\"462\" width=\"542.3\" height=\"15\" fill=\"#12303f\"\/><text x=\"565.3\" y=\"474\" font-size=\"11.5\" fill=\"#5b7180\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">860<\/text><\/svg><\/div>\n<div style=\"padding:12px 12px 2px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\"><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"overflow-x:auto;position:relative;z-index:2;\">\n<table style=\"width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:13.5px;min-width:430px;background:transparent;\">\n<tr>\n<th style=\"padding:7px 9px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:#12303f;background:#F2F6F8;border:1px solid #eceff1;\">Condition<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding:7px 9px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:#12303f;background:#F2F6F8;border:1px solid #eceff1;\">Hardness<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding:7px 9px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:#12303f;background:#F2F6F8;border:1px solid #eceff1;\">Yield MPa<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding:7px 9px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:#12303f;background:#F2F6F8;border:1px solid #eceff1;\">Tensile MPa<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding:7px 9px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:#12303f;background:#F2F6F8;border:1px solid #eceff1;\">Elongation<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">ASTM B265 \/ ASME SB-265 and ASTM B348 \/ ASME SB-348 Grade 5 &#8211; annealed<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">&#8211;<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">828<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">895<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">10%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">AMS 4911 &#8211; annealed sheet, strip and plate, 4.76-101.6 mm<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">&#8211;<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">823<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">893<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">10%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">AMS 4928 &#8211; annealed bars, wire, forgings and rings<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">&#8211;<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">828<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">931<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">10%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">ANNEALED (MILL ANNEALED) &#8211; typical values<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">334 HBW \/ 36 HRC<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">828<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">903<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">10-18%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">BETA ANNEALED<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">&#8211;<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">903<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">&#8211;<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">&#8211;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">SOLUTION TREATED AND AGED (STA) &#8211; low-end ageing (524-552 \u00b0C)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">about 360 HBW<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">1034-1096<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">&#8211;<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">&#8211;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">SOLUTION TREATED AND AGED (STA) &#8211; high-end ageing (677 \u00b0C)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">&#8211;<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">945<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">&#8211;<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">&#8211;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">ASTM F1472 &#8211; surgical implant, annealed<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">&#8211;<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">860<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">930<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">10%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"padding:6px 14px 12px;font-size:12px;color:#5b7180;line-height:1.7;border-top:1px solid #f0f3f5;position:relative;z-index:2;\">In the chart, a value given as a range is drawn at its lower bound; the full range is in the table. SPECIFICATION MINIMA and TYPICAL VALUES are not mixed in the same table; the &#8216;Source type&#8217; field of each row states which it is. The STA rows are TYPICAL values. ASTM B265 \/ B348 Grade 5 is written against the annealed condition and gives no separate floor for STA; the STA floor comes from AMS 4965 and AMS 6930, whose numerical content could not be verified by four sources. The fracture toughness (K1C) values come from a single source (NeoNickel) and no separate diagram was made; they are given as information in the row notes.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><!-- \/dm-diy-sert --><!-- dm-diy-kars --><\/p>\n<div style=\"border:1px solid #e3e9ec;margin:22px 0 26px;background:#fff;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\">\n<div style=\"background:#12303f;color:#fff;padding:9px 14px;font-size:14px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.3px;position:relative;z-index:2;\">COMPARISON<\/div>\n<div style=\"position:relative;z-index:2;\">\n<div style=\"padding:10px 14px 0;font-size:12.5px;color:#5b7180;line-height:1.7;\">A single criterion: SPECIFICATION CEILINGS and SPECIFICATION FLOORS (not typicals). Chemical ceilings from Table 1 of ASTM B265 \/ B348, tensile values from Table 2; the implant rows from ASTM F1472 and ASTM F136. The product condition is annealed. Producer typicals run above these floors.<\/div>\n<div style=\"padding:12px 12px 2px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\"><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"overflow-x:auto;position:relative;z-index:2;\">\n<table style=\"width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:13.5px;min-width:430px;background:transparent;\">\n<tr>\n<th style=\"padding:7px 9px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:#12303f;background:#F2F6F8;border:1px solid #eceff1;\">Grade<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding:7px 9px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:#12303f;background:#F2F6F8;border:1px solid #eceff1;\">UNS<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding:7px 9px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:#12303f;background:#F2F6F8;border:1px solid #eceff1;\">W.-Nr.<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding:7px 9px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:#12303f;background:#F2F6F8;border:1px solid #eceff1;\">Standard<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding:7px 9px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:#12303f;background:#F2F6F8;border:1px solid #eceff1;\">Aluminium<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding:7px 9px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:#12303f;background:#F2F6F8;border:1px solid #eceff1;\">Vanadium<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding:7px 9px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:#12303f;background:#F2F6F8;border:1px solid #eceff1;\">Oxygen max<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding:7px 9px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:#12303f;background:#F2F6F8;border:1px solid #eceff1;\">Iron max<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding:7px 9px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:#12303f;background:#F2F6F8;border:1px solid #eceff1;\">Nitrogen max<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding:7px 9px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:#12303f;background:#F2F6F8;border:1px solid #eceff1;\">Carbon max<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding:7px 9px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:#12303f;background:#F2F6F8;border:1px solid #eceff1;\">Hydrogen max<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding:7px 9px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:#12303f;background:#F2F6F8;border:1px solid #eceff1;\">Tensile min MPa<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding:7px 9px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:#12303f;background:#F2F6F8;border:1px solid #eceff1;\">Yield min MPa<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding:7px 9px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:#12303f;background:#F2F6F8;border:1px solid #eceff1;\">Elongation min<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding:7px 9px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:#12303f;background:#F2F6F8;border:1px solid #eceff1;\">Note<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">Ti Grade 5 (Ti-6Al-4V)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">UNS R56400<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">3.7165<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">ASTM B265 \/ B348 Grade 5<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">5.5-6.75%<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">3.5-4.5%<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">0.20%<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">0.40%<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">0.05%<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">0.08%<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">0.015%<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">895<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">828<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">10%<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">Aerospace structural grade. Gains strength by solution treating and ageing (STA).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">Ti Grade 23 (Ti-6Al-4V ELI)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">UNS R56407<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">3.7165<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">ASTM B265 \/ B348 Grade 23<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">5.5-6.5%<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">3.5-4.5%<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">0.13%<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">0.25%<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">0.03%<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">0.08%<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">0.0125%<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">828<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">759<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">10%<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">ELI = Extra Low Interstitial. Interstitial elements are cut back for fracture toughness and cryogenic behaviour.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">Ti-6Al-4V &#8211; surgical implant (ASTM F1472)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">UNS R56400<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">&#8211;<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">ASTM F1472<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">5.5-6.75%<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">3.5-4.5%<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">0.20%<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">0.30%<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">0.05%<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">0.08%<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">0.015%<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">930<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">860<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">10%<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">The iron ceiling drops from 0.40% in B348 to 0.30%. THIS ROW RESTS ON A SINGLE SOURCE (GE Additive \/ Arcam).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">Ti-6Al-4V ELI &#8211; surgical implant (ASTM F136)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">UNS R56401<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">&#8211;<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">ASTM F136<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">5.5-6.5%<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">3.5-4.5%<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">0.13%<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">0.25%<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">0.05%<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">0.08%<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">0.012%<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">860<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">795<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">10%<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">The NITROGEN ceiling is HIGHER than in B265\/B348 Grade 23 (0.05% against 0.03%); the hydrogen ceiling is lower (0.012%).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"padding:10px 12px 2px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\"><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"position:relative;z-index:2;\">\n<div style=\"font-size:13.5px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;margin:6px 0 6px;\">Additional information<\/div>\n<table style=\"width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:13.5px;background:transparent;\">\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Iliski<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">THE TWO GRADES ARE THE SAME ALLOY: the Al and V ranges are almost identical (the upper Al limit drops from 6.75% to 6.5%). THE DIFFERENCE LIES ONLY IN THE INTERSTITIAL CEILINGS: oxygen falls from 0.20% to 0.13% (-35%), iron from 0.40% to 0.25% (-37.5%), nitrogen from 0.05% to 0.03% (-40%) and hydrogen from 0.015% to 0.0125% (-17%). The price is strength: the minimum tensile falls from 895 MPa to 828 MPa (-7.5%) and the minimum yield from 828 MPa to 759 MPa (-8.3%). What is bought is fracture toughness, fatigue crack growth resistance and low-temperature ductility.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Mechanism<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">Oxygen and nitrogen enter the octahedral interstitial sites of the hexagonal close-packed alpha lattice and create an asymmetric lattice distortion; the resulting stress field impedes dislocation glide (interstitial solid solution strengthening). Strength rises while the capacity for plastic deformation at a crack tip falls, so fracture toughness and low-temperature ductility go down. Iron stabilises the beta phase and can segregate to grain boundaries. That is why all four ceilings are lowered together in ELI; ELI is NOT a separate alloy but the same alloy held to a narrower interstitial band.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Warning<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">THE UNS NUMBERS ARE EASILY CONFUSED: Grade 5 = R56400. On the ELI side there are TWO numbers &#8211; ASTM B265 \/ B348 Grade 23 = UNS R56407, and ASTM F136 (surgical implants) = UNS R56401. They are the same alloy but the nitrogen and hydrogen ceilings differ. If an order says only &#8216;Ti-6Al-4V ELI&#8217; it is undefined which ceiling applies; the specification number and the grade number must be written together.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"padding:6px 14px 12px;font-size:12px;color:#5b7180;line-height:1.7;border-top:1px solid #f0f3f5;position:relative;z-index:2;\">The iron ceiling in the ASTM F1472 row (0.30%) and the tensile\/yield floors in the ASTM F136 row (860 \/ 795 MPa) come from a SINGLE SOURCE (GE Additive \/ Arcam); they were not confirmed by four sources. The ASTM B265 \/ B348 Grade 23 floors (828 \/ 759 MPa) were verified by two independent sources (TIMET, United Performance Metals); four sources could not be reached. The United Performance Metals table shows that ASTM F136 gives lower values for heavy sections (above 44.45 mm); the card does not write a single floor.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><!-- \/dm-diy-kars --><\/p>\n<p><!-- \/dm-zengin --><\/p>\n<div class=\"dm-benzer\" style=\"margin:22px 0 0;padding:14px 16px;border:1px solid #e0e0e0;background:#FBFCFD;\">\n<p style=\"font-size:11px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.08em;text-transform:uppercase;color:#9aa3a8;margin:0 0 8px;line-height:1.4;\">Related grades<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0;font-size:15px;line-height:2;color:#333;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/en\/ti-grade-5-eli\/\" style=\"color:#24BEE5;font-weight:600;text-decoration:none;\">Ti Grade 5 ELI<\/a> &nbsp;\u00b7&nbsp; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/en\/ti-grade-1\/\" style=\"color:#24BEE5;font-weight:600;text-decoration:none;\">Ti Grade 1<\/a> &nbsp;\u00b7&nbsp; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/en\/ti-grade-2\/\" style=\"color:#24BEE5;font-weight:600;text-decoration:none;\">Ti Grade 2<\/a> &nbsp;\u00b7&nbsp; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/en\/ti-grade-4\/\" style=\"color:#24BEE5;font-weight:600;text-decoration:none;\">Ti Grade 4<\/a> &nbsp;\u00b7&nbsp; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/en\/titanium-alloys\/\" style=\"color:#666;font-weight:600;text-decoration:none;\">All titanium alloys \u2192<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p><!-- dm-ld --><script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"name\":\"Ti Grade 5\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/en\/ti-grade-5-ti6al4v\/\",\"inLanguage\":\"en\",\"description\":\"Two points are critical when ordering Ti Grade 5. First, different standards apply to different product forms, and aerospace (AMS) specifications impose a tighter iron limit than ASTM.\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"name\":\"Defence Metal\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/\"},\"publisher\":{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"name\":\"Defence Metal\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/\"},\"mainEntity\":{\"@type\":\"DefinedTerm\",\"name\":\"Ti Grade 5\",\"description\":\"Two points are critical when ordering Ti Grade 5. First, different standards apply to different product forms, and aerospace (AMS) specifications impose a tighter iron limit than ASTM.\",\"inDefinedTermSet\":{\"@type\":\"DefinedTermSet\",\"name\":\"Defence Metal - metals and alloys\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/\"}}}<\/script><!-- \/dm-ld --><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Ti Grade 5 \/ (Ti6Al4V) \/ UNS R56400 \/ AMS 4928 \/ AMS 4911 DEFENCE METAL Ti Grade 5 (Ti-6Al-4V) UNS R56400 \u00b7 W.Nr. 3.7165 (3.7164 in aerospace quality) \u00b7 ASTM Grade 5 \u00b7 Ti-6Al-4V \u00b7 ALPHA-BETA (two-phase) titanium alloy. ASTM B265 \/ B348 Grade 5 limits: Al 5.5-6.75% \u00b7 V 3.5-4.5% \u00b7 O 0.20% &hellip; <\/p>\n<p class=\"link-more\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/en\/ti-grade-5-ti6al4v\/\" class=\"more-link\"><span class=\"screen-reader-text\"> &#8220;Ti Grade 5 \/ (Ti6Al4V)&#8221;<\/span>devam\u0131n\u0131 oku<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":3526,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_title":"TI GRADE 5 \/ (Ti6Al4V) \/ UNS R56400 \/ AMS 4928 \/ AMS 4911 | Defence Metal","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Ti Grade 5 \/ Ti6Al4V (UNS R56400) \u2014 AMS 4928 \/ AMS 4911. The most widely used titanium alloy: high strength, low density, corrosion resistant.","inspiro_hide_title":false,"inspiro_hide_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"dm_sektor":[10,9,18,16,11],"class_list":["post-3605","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>TI GRADE 5 \/ (Ti6Al4V) \/ UNS R56400 \/ AMS 4928 \/ AMS 4911 | Defence Metal<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Ti Grade 5 \/ Ti6Al4V (UNS R56400) \u2014 AMS 4928 \/ AMS 4911. 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