{"id":3603,"date":"2026-09-16T11:06:15","date_gmt":"2026-09-16T08:06:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/en\/ti-grade-5-eli\/"},"modified":"2026-09-25T16:27:47","modified_gmt":"2026-09-25T13:27:47","slug":"ti-grade-5-eli","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/en\/ti-grade-5-eli\/","title":{"rendered":"Ti Grade 5 ELI"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><!-- dm-hap --><\/p>\n<h1 class=\"dm-ust-baslik\" style=\"font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,'Segoe UI',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif !important;text-transform:none !important;font-size:27px;line-height:1.3;font-weight:800;color:#12303f;margin:0 0 10px;letter-spacing:-.01em;\">Ti Grade 5 ELI \/ UNS R56401<\/h1>\n<div style=\"border:1px solid #d7dfe4;background:#ffffff;margin:0 0 22px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\"><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"background:#12303f;padding:14px 16px 12px;position:relative;z-index:2;\">\n<div style=\"font-size:22px;font-weight:700;color:#fff;line-height:1.25;\">Ti Grade 5 ELI (ASTM Grade 23 \u00b7 Ti-6Al-4V ELI)<\/div>\n<div style=\"font-family:ui-monospace,Menlo,Consolas,monospace;font-size:12.5px;color:#b9cfdb;line-height:1.5;margin-top:5px;word-wrap:break-word;\">ASTM Grade 23 \u00b7 Ti-6Al-4V ELI (Extra Low Interstitial) \u00b7 UNS R56407 (ASTM B265 \/ B348 Grade 23) and UNS R56401 (ASTM F136, surgical implants) \u00b7 W.Nr. 3.7165 \u00b7 ALPHA-BETA (two-phase) titanium alloy. IT IS THE SAME ALLOY AS GRADE 5; the difference lies in the interstitial ceilings. ASTM B265 \/ B348 Grade 23 limits: Al 5.5-6.5% \u00b7 V 3.5-4.5% \u00b7 O 0.13% max \u00b7 Fe 0.25% max \u00b7 N 0.03% max \u00b7 C 0.08% max \u00b7 H 0.0125% max \u00b7 balance Ti. Density 4.42 g\/cm3. It is supplied in the annealed condition.<\/div>\n<div data-dmkars-blok=\"1\" style=\"border-top:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.16);margin-top:13px;padding-top:11px;\">\n<div style=\"font-size:10px;letter-spacing:.09em;text-transform:uppercase;color:#7f9fb0;font-weight:700;margin-bottom:8px;\">Not to be confused with<\/div>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/2026\/09\/15\/ti-grade-5-ti-grade-5-eli-difference\/\" data-dmkars=\"1\" style=\"display:inline-block;padding:4px 11px;border:1px solid rgba(36,190,229,.45);background:rgba(36,190,229,.12);border-radius:99px;margin:0 6px 6px 0;font-size:12.5px;font-weight:600;color:#9fe2f7;text-decoration:none;\">Ti Grade 5<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"position:relative;z-index:2;\">\n<div style=\"display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">\n<div style=\"flex:0 0 118px;padding:11px 14px;background:#F7FAFB;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:.09em;text-transform:uppercase;color:#6b8091;font-weight:600;line-height:1.5;\">For what<\/div>\n<div style=\"flex:1 1 230px;min-width:0;padding:11px 14px;font-size:14.5px;line-height:1.7;color:#3d5260;word-wrap:break-word;overflow-wrap:break-word;\">It is bought where fracture toughness, fatigue crack growth resistance and low-temperature ductility come before strength: hip and knee prostheses, spinal implants, bone screws and plates, dental implants, surgical instruments; cryogenic service parts;<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">\n<div style=\"flex:0 0 118px;padding:11px 14px;background:#F7FAFB;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:.09em;text-transform:uppercase;color:#6b8091;font-weight:600;line-height:1.5;\">Forms<\/div>\n<div style=\"flex:1 1 230px;min-width:0;padding:11px 14px;font-size:14.5px;line-height:1.7;color:#3d5260;word-wrap:break-word;overflow-wrap:break-word;\">Round bar \u00b7 flat bar \u00b7 plate \u00b7 sheet \u00b7 tube \u00b7 forgings. All forms are supplied to order.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">\n<div style=\"flex:0 0 118px;padding:11px 14px;background:#F7FAFB;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:.09em;text-transform:uppercase;color:#6b8091;font-weight:600;line-height:1.5;\">Standards<\/div>\n<div style=\"flex:1 1 230px;min-width:0;padding:11px 14px;font-size:14.5px;line-height:1.7;color:#3d5260;word-wrap:break-word;overflow-wrap:break-word;\">AMS (verified by four or more independent sources): 4907 &#8211; ELI sheet, strip and plate, annealed \u00b7 4930 &#8211; ELI bars, wire, forgings and rings, annealed \u00b7 6932 &#8211; ELI bars, forgings and forging stock, annealed. Military equivalents: AMS-T-9046 \/ MIL-T-9046 Type AB-2 (ELI sheet, strip, plate) \u00b7 AMS-T-9047 ELI (bars). ASTM: B265 \/ ASME SB-265 Grade 23 (strip, sheet, plate; UNS R56407) \u00b7 B348 \/ ASME SB-348 Grade 23 (bars and billets; UNS R56407) \u00b7 B381 Grade F-23 (forgings) \u00b7 F136 (surgical implants, UNS R56401). Welding: ERTi-23 (ELI) rod to AWS A5.16 \/ ASME SFA-5.16.<br \/><span style=\"font-size:12.5px;color:#7b8f9b;line-height:1.6;display:inline-block;margin-top:6px;\">NAMING &#8211; THERE IS NO ASTM CLASS CALLED &#8216;Ti GRADE 5 ELI&#8217;. In ASTM the extra-low-interstitial class is GRADE 23. Four independent records confirm this: (1) ASTM International&#8217;s own scope text for ASTM B348\/B348M reads &#8216;Grade 23-UNS R56407.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">\n<div style=\"flex:0 0 118px;padding:11px 14px;background:#F7FAFB;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:.09em;text-transform:uppercase;color:#6b8091;font-weight:600;line-height:1.5;\">Advantage<\/div>\n<div style=\"flex:1 1 230px;min-width:0;padding:11px 14px;font-size:14.5px;line-height:1.7;color:#3d5260;word-wrap:break-word;overflow-wrap:break-word;\">Lowering all the interstitial ceilings together within the same alloy. Against Grade 5 the oxygen ceiling falls from 0.20% to 0.13% (-35%), iron from 0.40% to 0.25% (-37.5%), nitrogen from 0.05% to 0.03% (-40%) and hydrogen from 0.015% to 0.0125% (-17%).<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">\n<div style=\"flex:0 0 118px;padding:11px 14px;background:#F7FAFB;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:.09em;text-transform:uppercase;color:#6b8091;font-weight:600;line-height:1.5;\">Welding<\/div>\n<div style=\"flex:1 1 230px;min-width:0;padding:11px 14px;font-size:14.5px;line-height:1.7;color:#3d5260;word-wrap:break-word;overflow-wrap:break-word;\">Filler metal: ERTi-23 (ELI) rod to AWS A5.16 \/ ASME SFA-5.16. TWI reports that ELI filler metals are used to gain ductility and toughness in the weld metal, and that on alpha-beta alloys unalloyed filler serves the same end by reducing the amount of beta phase. PREHEAT IS NOT REQUIRED.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">\n<div style=\"flex:0 0 118px;padding:11px 14px;background:#fdeceb;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:.09em;text-transform:uppercase;color:#c0392b;font-weight:600;line-height:1.5;\">Limits<\/div>\n<div style=\"flex:1 1 230px;min-width:0;padding:11px 14px;font-size:14.5px;line-height:1.7;color:#3d5260;word-wrap:break-word;overflow-wrap:break-word;background:#fdeceb;\">IT IS NOT CHOSEN FOR STRENGTH. The ASTM B265 \/ B348 floors are below those of Grade 5 (828 \/ 759 MPa against 895 \/ 828 MPa); on a drawing that calls for a high yield, ELI is the wrong choice. ELI IS SUPPLIED ANNEALED: all three verified ELI AMS specifications (4907, 4930, 6932) describe the ANNEALED condition.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"padding:14px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/en\/contact\/\" style=\"display:inline-block;padding:11px 20px;font-size:14px;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;margin:0 8px 6px 0;background:#dd3333;color:#ffffff;\">REQUEST A QUOTE<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/en\/titanium-alloys\/\" style=\"display:inline-block;padding:11px 20px;font-size:14px;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;margin:0 8px 6px 0;font-weight:600;border:1px solid #12303f;color:#12303f;\">All titanium alloys &rarr;<\/a><span data-dm=\"dm-teknik\" style=\"cursor:pointer;display:inline-block;padding:11px 20px;font-size:14px;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;margin:0 8px 6px 0;border:1px solid #dd3333;color:#dd3333;\">TECHNICAL DETAILS &darr;<\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"padding:9px 14px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-size:11.5px;color:#8a9aa4;line-height:1.5;\">Compiled from manufacturer data sheets \u00b7 confirm against the current specification before ordering<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><!-- \/dm-hap --><!-- dm-nav --><\/p>\n<style>h4[id^=\"dm-b\"]{scroll-margin-top:120px}#dm-teknik{scroll-margin-top:120px}<\/style>\n<div style=\"border:1px solid #d7dfe4;background:#ffffff;margin:0 0 22px;padding:12px 14px;\">\n<div style=\"font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:.09em;text-transform:uppercase;color:#6b8091;font-weight:600;margin-bottom:9px;\">On this page &middot; click to jump<\/div>\n<div><span data-dm=\"dm-b0\" style=\"cursor:pointer;display:inline-block;padding:5px 11px;border:1px solid #dfe6ea;background:#F7FAFB;margin:0 6px 7px 0;font-size:13px;color:#12303f;\">What Ti-6Al-4V ELI Is<\/span><span data-dm=\"dm-b1\" style=\"cursor:pointer;display:inline-block;padding:5px 11px;border:1px solid #dfe6ea;background:#F7FAFB;margin:0 6px 7px 0;font-size:13px;color:#12303f;\">Standards by Product Form<\/span><span data-dm=\"dm-b2\" style=\"cursor:pointer;display:inline-block;padding:5px 11px;border:1px solid #dfe6ea;background:#F7FAFB;margin:0 6px 7px 0;font-size:13px;color:#12303f;\">ASME Code Acceptance and Maximum Code Temperatures<\/span><span data-dm=\"dm-b3\" style=\"cursor:pointer;display:inline-block;padding:5px 11px;border:1px solid #dfe6ea;background:#F7FAFB;margin:0 6px 7px 0;font-size:13px;color:#12303f;\">Product Forms With NO Standard<\/span><span data-dm=\"dm-b4\" style=\"cursor:pointer;display:inline-block;padding:5px 11px;border:1px solid #dfe6ea;background:#F7FAFB;margin:0 6px 7px 0;font-size:13px;color:#12303f;\">Chemical Composition<\/span><span data-dm=\"dm-b5\" style=\"cursor:pointer;display:inline-block;padding:5px 11px;border:1px solid #dfe6ea;background:#F7FAFB;margin:0 6px 7px 0;font-size:13px;color:#12303f;\">Mechanical Properties<\/span><span data-dm=\"dm-b6\" style=\"cursor:pointer;display:inline-block;padding:5px 11px;border:1px solid #dfe6ea;background:#F7FAFB;margin:0 6px 7px 0;font-size:13px;color:#12303f;\">Physical Properties<\/span><span data-dm=\"dm-b7\" style=\"cursor:pointer;display:inline-block;padding:5px 11px;border:1px solid #dfe6ea;background:#F7FAFB;margin:0 6px 7px 0;font-size:13px;color:#12303f;\">Heat Treatment and Thermal Stability<\/span><span data-dm=\"dm-b8\" style=\"cursor:pointer;display:inline-block;padding:5px 11px;border:1px solid #dfe6ea;background:#F7FAFB;margin:0 6px 7px 0;font-size:13px;color:#12303f;\">Welding<\/span><span data-dm=\"dm-b9\" style=\"cursor:pointer;display:inline-block;padding:5px 11px;border:1px solid #dfe6ea;background:#F7FAFB;margin:0 6px 7px 0;font-size:13px;color:#12303f;\">Machining<\/span><span data-dm=\"dm-b10\" style=\"cursor:pointer;display:inline-block;padding:5px 11px;border:1px solid #dfe6ea;background:#F7FAFB;margin:0 6px 7px 0;font-size:13px;color:#12303f;\">Corrosion<\/span><span data-dm=\"dm-b11\" style=\"cursor:pointer;display:inline-block;padding:5px 11px;border:1px solid #dfe6ea;background:#F7FAFB;margin:0 6px 7px 0;font-size:13px;color:#12303f;\">Frequently Asked Questions<\/span><span data-dm=\"dm-b12\" style=\"cursor:pointer;display:inline-block;padding:5px 11px;border:1px solid #dfe6ea;background:#F7FAFB;margin:0 6px 7px 0;font-size:13px;color:#12303f;\">Common Datasheet Errors and Purchasing Traps<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><script>(function(){function go(id){var e=document.getElementById(id);if(e){var s=document.scrollingElement||document.documentElement;var y=e.getBoundingClientRect().top+s.scrollTop-118;if(y-0-0-0-0!==y){y=0;}window.scrollTo(0,y);}}function bind(el){el.addEventListener(\"click\",function(ev){ev.preventDefault();go(el.getAttribute(\"data-dm\"));});}function init(){var l=document.querySelectorAll(\"[data-dm]\");Array.prototype.forEach.call(l,bind);if(location.hash){if(location.hash.indexOf(\"#dm-\")===0){try{history.replaceState(null,\"\",location.pathname+location.search);}catch(e){}window.scrollTo(0,0);setTimeout(function(){window.scrollTo(0,0);},80);}}}if(document.readyState===\"loading\"){document.addEventListener(\"DOMContentLoaded\",init);}else{init();}})();<\/script><!-- \/dm-nav --><br \/>\n<span id=\"dm-teknik\" style=\"display:block;height:0;overflow:hidden;\"><\/span><br \/>\nTi Grade 5 ELI \u2014 Titanium &#8211; 6% Al &#8211; 4% V, extra low interstitial (ELI) \u2014 is a variant of Ti Grade 5 used in medical applications for its good biocompatibility, excellent fracture toughness and crack propagation behaviour. It retains its toughness even at temperatures as low as -253 \u00b0C. Alongside these properties, its low modulus of elasticity and good fatigue strength arise from the relatively low content of elements such as oxygen and iron.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Application areas:<\/strong> medical technologies.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Machinability:<\/strong> It machines in much the same way as Ti-6Al-4V, but its low oxygen content makes it easier to machine. It can be processed on CNC machines by operations such as milling, turning and drilling. Better machinability also makes the production of high precision parts possible.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Machining notes:<\/strong> The low oxygen content means less abrasion of cutting tools, which gives longer tool life during machining. For welding, the alloy is suitable for TIG (Tungsten Inert Gas) welding, and shielding with inert gases such as argon should be provided during welding.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Advantages.<\/strong> Its low interstitial element content gives superior properties in many areas:<\/p>\n<p><strong>Biocompatibility:<\/strong> particularly important for biomedical applications such as medical implants. The low oxygen level gives less oxidation and smoother surfaces, which improves compatibility with tissue and minimises biological reactions.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Better machinability:<\/strong> the low oxygen content makes the alloy easier to machine. In the production of high precision parts in particular, Ti Grade 5 ELI has an advantage in machinability over standard Ti-6Al-4V.<\/p>\n<p><strong>High strength-to-weight ratio:<\/strong> it offers high strength while remaining light, which makes it ideal for applications such as the aerospace industry.<\/p>\n<p><strong>High corrosion resistance:<\/strong> it shows high corrosion resistance to chemical and marine environments, and for that reason it is also chosen in the petrochemical, marine and energy sectors.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Better toughness:<\/strong> the low oxygen content allows the alloy to show higher toughness, which is an advantage in applications involving high impact.<\/p>\n<div style=\"border:1px solid #d7dfe4;background:#ffffff;margin:24px 0 18px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\">\n<div style=\"background:#DD3333;color:#ffffff;font-size:13px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.04em;text-transform:uppercase;padding:10px 12px;line-height:1.35;\">Chemical Composition<\/div>\n<p><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<table style=\"border-collapse:collapse;width:100%;font-size:15px;line-height:1.5;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\">C %<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">\u2264 0.08<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\">V %<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">3.50-4.50<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\">N %<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">\u2264 0.05<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\">Ti %<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">Balance<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\">Al %<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">5.50-6.50<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\">Fe %<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">\u2264 0.25<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\">O %<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">\u2264 0.13<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\">H %<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">\u2264 0.0125<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"border:1px solid #d7dfe4;background:#ffffff;margin:24px 0 18px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\">\n<div style=\"background:#DD3333;color:#ffffff;font-size:13px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.04em;text-transform:uppercase;padding:10px 12px;line-height:1.35;\">Mechanical Properties at 20 \u00b0C<\/div>\n<p><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<table style=\"border-collapse:collapse;width:100%;font-size:15px;line-height:1.5;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\">0.2% Yield Strength Rp N\/mm\u00b2<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">\u2265 760<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\">Tensile Strength Rm N\/mm\u00b2<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">\u2265 825<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\">Elongation<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">\u2265 10%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\">Modulus of Elasticity kN\/mm\u00b2<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">114<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"border:1px solid #d7dfe4;background:#ffffff;margin:24px 0 18px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\">\n<div style=\"background:#DD3333;color:#ffffff;font-size:13px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.04em;text-transform:uppercase;padding:10px 12px;line-height:1.35;\">Physical Properties at 20 \u00b0C<\/div>\n<p><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<table style=\"border-collapse:collapse;width:100%;font-size:15px;line-height:1.5;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\">Density gr\/cm\u00b3<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">\u2265 4.45<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\">Specific Heat Capacity J\/kg K<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">\u2265 560<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\">Thermal ConductivityW\/m K<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">\u2265 6.9<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\">Electrical Resistivity \u03a9 mm\u00b2\/m<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">\u2265 1.71<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"dm-std\" style=\"border:1px solid #d7dfe4;background:#ffffff;margin:24px 0 18px;\">\n<div style=\"background:#DD3333;color:#ffffff;font-size:13px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.04em;text-transform:uppercase;padding:10px 12px;line-height:1.35;\">Standards and Equivalents \u00b7 Ti Grade 5 ELI<\/div>\n<div data-dmtw=\"1\" style=\"position:relative;overflow:hidden;\"><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"position:relative;z-index:2;overflow-x:auto;\">\n<table style=\"border-collapse:collapse;width:100%;font-size:15px;line-height:1.5;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\">Trade name<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">Ti Grade 5 ELI<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\">UNS<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">R56401<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\">AMS<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">4930 \u00b7 4931 <span style=\"font-size:13px;color:#6b7a84;\">(bar, forgings, rings)<\/span><br \/>4907 <span style=\"font-size:13px;color:#6b7a84;\">(plate, sheet)<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\">Available forms<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">Round bar \u00b7 Flat bar \u00b7 Plate \u00b7 Sheet \u00b7 Tube \u00b7 Forgings<br \/><span style=\"font-size:13px;color:#6b7a84;\">All forms are supplied to order.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><!-- dm-zengin --><\/p>\n<h4 id=\"dm-b0\" style=\"font-size:19px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;margin:30px 0 10px;line-height:1.35;\">What Ti-6Al-4V ELI Is \u2014 and Why Grade 5 and Grade 23 Are NOT THE SAME MATERIAL<\/h4>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 12px;font-size:15px;line-height:1.75;\">Titanium Grade 23, known commercially as <b>Ti-6Al-4V ELI<\/b> (&#8220;Extra Low Interstitial&#8221;), is the version of the world&#8217;s most widely used titanium alloy in which the <b>interstitial elements have been deliberately tightened<\/b>. The nominal composition is unchanged: <b>6 % aluminium, 4 % vanadium, balance titanium<\/b>, and the microstructure is still an <b>\u03b1+\u03b2 alloy<\/b>. The only thing that changes is the <b>ceiling on oxygen, nitrogen, iron and hydrogen<\/b>. And that &#8220;only thing&#8221; is the entire reason the grade exists.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 12px;font-size:15px;line-height:1.75;\"><b>First, the critical warning: &#8220;Grade 5&#8221; and &#8220;Grade 5 ELI \/ Grade 23&#8221; are not the same material and cannot be ordered interchangeably.<\/b> The phrase &#8220;Ti Grade 5 ELI&#8221; is common in the market and in practice means <b>Grade 23<\/b> \u2014 but it is <b>not an official ASTM grade name<\/b>. ASTM recognises two separate grades: <b>Grade 5 (R56400)<\/b> and <b>Grade 23 (R56407)<\/b>. If a certificate says &#8220;Grade 5&#8221;, what you hold is <b>not<\/b> ELI, whatever its elongation and oxygen figures happen to be.<\/p>\n<div style=\"border:1px solid #d7dfe4;background:#ffffff;margin:24px 0 18px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\">\n<div style=\"background:#DD3333;color:#ffffff;font-size:13px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.04em;text-transform:uppercase;padding:10px 12px;line-height:1.35;\">Grade 5 vs Grade 23 \u2014 the Difference Four Numbers Make<\/div>\n<p><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<table style=\"border-collapse:collapse;width:100%;font-size:15px;line-height:1.5;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>Oxygen<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>Grade 5: \u22640.20 %<\/b> \u00b7 <b>Grade 23: \u22640.13 %<\/b>. <b>About three quarters of the whole difference is here.<\/b> Oxygen enters interstitial sites in the \u03b1 phase, locks slip systems, raises strength and <b>lowers fracture toughness and low-temperature ductility<\/b>. The absolute difference is only <b>0.07 %<\/b> \u2014 700 ppm \u2014 and the entire commercial consequence is those 700 ppm<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\"><b>Iron<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\"><b>Grade 5: \u22640.40 %<\/b> (ASTM) or <b>\u22640.30 %<\/b> (AMS and European practice) \u00b7 <b>Grade 23: \u22640.25 %<\/b>. Iron is the only \u03b2 stabiliser present; it increases grain-boundary \u03b2 and segregation and <b>lowers toughness<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>Nitrogen<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>Grade 5: \u22640.05 %<\/b> \u00b7 <b>Grade 23: \u22640.03 %<\/b> (ASTM). <b>[Conflict \u2014 important]<\/b> European mill sheets and <b>ASTM F136<\/b> give <b>0.05 %<\/b> for ELI. Nitrogen is roughly twice as potent an embrittler as oxygen per unit weight; <b>if tight nitrogen is wanted, the order must state ASTM Grade 23 explicitly<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\"><b>Hydrogen<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\"><b>Grade 5: \u22640.015 %<\/b> \u00b7 <b>Grade 23: \u22640.0125 %<\/b> (ASTM). <b>[Conflict]<\/b> Some European and implant sheets give <b>0.012 %<\/b>, others <b>0.015 %<\/b>. Hydrogen is not a strength parameter but <b>a safety ceiling against brittle hydride formation<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>Aluminium upper bound<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>Grade 5: 5.50\u20136.75 %<\/b> \u00b7 <b>Grade 23: 5.50\u20136.50 %<\/b>. <b>Almost nobody prints this<\/b>, but it is real: the ELI aluminium band is narrowed by <b>0.25 points<\/b> at the top. High aluminium promotes Ti\u2083Al (\u03b1\u2082) formation and embrittlement<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\"><b>Carbon \u00b7 vanadium<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\"><b>Unchanged:<\/b> C \u22640.08 % and V 3.50\u20134.50 % in both grades. <b>ELI is not &#8220;purer titanium&#8221;; it is selectively tightened titanium<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<p style=\"margin:18px 0 6px;font-size:15px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;line-height:1.5;\">And now the price: on specification, ELI is WEAKER<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 12px;font-size:15px;line-height:1.75;\"><b>This is the most frequently hidden fact about ELI and it should be stated plainly.<\/b> Oxygen is a strengthener; take it out and strength goes with it. The ASTM minimums:<\/p>\n<div style=\"border:1px solid #d7dfe4;background:#ffffff;margin:24px 0 18px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\">\n<div style=\"background:#DD3333;color:#ffffff;font-size:13px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.04em;text-transform:uppercase;padding:10px 12px;line-height:1.35;\">Specification Minimums \u2014 Side by Side<\/div>\n<p><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<table style=\"border-collapse:collapse;width:100%;font-size:15px;line-height:1.5;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>Tensile strength (Rm)<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>Grade 5: \u2265895 MPa (130 ksi)<\/b> \u00b7 <b>Grade 23: \u2265828 MPa (120 ksi)<\/b> \u2014 <b>67 MPa, or 7.5 %, lower<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\"><b>Yield strength (Rp0.2)<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\"><b>Grade 5: \u2265828 MPa (120 ksi)<\/b> \u00b7 <b>Grade 23: \u2265759 MPa (110 ksi)<\/b> \u2014 <b>69 MPa, or 8.3 %, lower<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>Elongation<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>Both \u226510 %.<\/b> <b>The specification minimum is identical<\/b> \u2014 the ductility advantage of ELI appears <b>in typical values and in fracture behaviour<\/b>, not in the minimum<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\"><b>Reduction of area<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">ELI minimum <b>\u226525 %<\/b>, typical <b>45 %<\/b> (mill data)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>What is gained<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>Fracture toughness, damage tolerance, cryogenic behaviour and weld ductility.<\/b> With numbers in the &#8220;Mechanical Properties&#8221; section below<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 12px;font-size:15px;line-height:1.75;\"><b>The commercial consequence in one sentence:<\/b> <b>ELI buys damage tolerance with part of its strength.<\/b> That trade is right when you fear <b>the growth of a crack rather than the part yielding under load<\/b>: load-bearing implants, cryogenic pressure vessels, deep-sea hardware, fracture-critical aerospace parts. <b>Moving to ELI on a part sized by static strength is paying a premium to lose performance.<\/b><\/p>\n<div style=\"border:1px solid #d7dfe4;background:#ffffff;margin:24px 0 18px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\">\n<div style=\"background:#DD3333;color:#ffffff;font-size:13px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.04em;text-transform:uppercase;padding:10px 12px;line-height:1.35;\">Identification Numbers \u2014 Three Separate Traps Live Here<\/div>\n<p><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<table style=\"border-collapse:collapse;width:100%;font-size:15px;line-height:1.5;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>UNS: R56407 or R56401?<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>BOTH ARE REAL AND BELONG TO DIFFERENT DOCUMENTS.<\/b> The current <b>ASTM B-series<\/b> scope texts (B348, B861, B862, B381, B863) define Grade 23 as <b>UNS R56407<\/b>. The formal title of <b>ASTM F136<\/b>, by contrast, says <b>UNS R56401<\/b> \u2014 and most European mill sheets also print <b>R56401<\/b>. <b>Do not use a UNS number alone on an order; write the specification name and grade number together<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\"><b>W.Nr.: ELI has NO separate number<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\"><b>In Europe Grade 23 also uses <b>3.7165<\/b> \u2014 the SAME Werkstoffnummer as Grade 5.<\/b> Six independent German and Swiss suppliers publish it that way. <b>ELI therefore CANNOT be ordered by W.Nr.<\/b> And <b>3.7164<\/b> is the aerospace material number \u2014 <b>also Ti-6Al-4V<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>3.7235 IS NOT ELI<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>A common and serious error.<\/b> <b>3.7235 is Titanium Grade 7 (Ti-0.2Pd, UNS R52400)<\/b>, i.e. palladium-bearing <b>unalloyed<\/b> titanium \u2014 nothing to do with Ti-6Al-4V. Five independent European suppliers list 3.7235 as Grade 7. <b>If a quotation says &#8220;Ti-6Al-4V ELI, 3.7235&#8221;, that quotation has merged two different materials<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\"><b>&#8220;Grade 5 ELI&#8221; is not an ASTM name<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">It is a commercial shorthand that in practice means <b>Grade 23<\/b>. <b>The only valid name on a certificate is &#8220;Grade 23&#8221;.<\/b> Writing &#8220;Grade 5 ELI&#8221; on an order gives the supplier an excuse to ship Grade 5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<h4 id=\"dm-b1\" style=\"font-size:19px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;margin:30px 0 10px;line-height:1.35;\">Standards by Product Form<\/h4>\n<p><!-- dm-diy-std --><\/p>\n<div style=\"border:1px solid #e3e9ec;margin:22px 0 26px;background:#fff;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\">\n<div style=\"background:#12303f;color:#fff;padding:9px 14px;font-size:14px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.3px;position:relative;z-index:2;\">STANDARDS BY PRODUCT FORM<\/div>\n<div style=\"position:relative;z-index:2;\">\n<div style=\"padding:12px 12px 2px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\"><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"overflow-x:auto;position:relative;z-index:2;\">\n<table style=\"width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:13.5px;min-width:430px;background:transparent;\">\n<tr>\n<th style=\"padding:7px 9px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:#12303f;background:#F2F6F8;border:1px solid #eceff1;\">Product form<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding:7px 9px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:#12303f;background:#F2F6F8;border:1px solid #eceff1;\">Standards<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">Sheet \u00b7 strip \u00b7 plate<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\"><b style=\"font-size:16.5px;font-weight:800;color:#12303f;\">AMS 4907<\/b> (ELI sheet, strip and plate, annealed) \u00b7 AMS-T-9046 \/ MIL-T-9046 Type AB-2 \u00b7 ASTM B265 \/ ASME SB-265 Grade 23 (UNS R56407) \u00b7 ASTM F136 (UNS R56401)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">Round bar \u00b7 flat bar \u00b7 billet<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\"><b style=\"font-size:16.5px;font-weight:800;color:#12303f;\">AMS 4930<\/b> (ELI bars, wire, forgings and rings, annealed) \u00b7 <b style=\"font-size:16.5px;font-weight:800;color:#12303f;\">AMS 6932<\/b> (ELI bars, forgings and forging stock, annealed) \u00b7 AMS-T-9047 ELI \u00b7 ASTM B348 \/ ASME SB-348 Grade 23 (UNS R56407) \u00b7 ASTM F136 (UNS R56401)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">Forgings<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\"><b style=\"font-size:16.5px;font-weight:800;color:#12303f;\">AMS 4930<\/b> \u00b7 <b style=\"font-size:16.5px;font-weight:800;color:#12303f;\">AMS 6932<\/b> \u00b7 ASTM B381 Grade F-23 (ASTM scope text: &#8216;6 % aluminum, 4 % vanadium, extra low interstitials, ELI&#8217;)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">Surgical implants<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">ASTM F136 &#8211; Wrought Titanium-6Aluminum-4Vanadium ELI (Extra Low Interstitial) Alloy for Surgical Implant Applications, UNS R56401. ASTM F1472 (UNS R56400), the Grade 5 implant specification, DOES NOT BELONG TO THIS GRADE.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">Heat treatment condition<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">ANNEALED. All three verified ELI AMS numbers (4907, 4930, 6932) describe the annealed condition. No AMS number defining solution treating and ageing (STA) for ELI could be verified; where STA is required, Grade 5 and <b style=\"font-size:16.5px;font-weight:800;color:#12303f;\">AMS 4965<\/b> are used.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">Welding filler<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">AWS A5.16 \/ ASME SFA-5.16 ERTi-23 (ELI). <b style=\"font-size:16.5px;font-weight:800;color:#12303f;\">AMS 4956<\/b> (ELI welding wire) was found in a single source only and is not written here.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">Inspection \u00b7 Europe \u00b7 certification<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\"><b style=\"font-size:16.5px;font-weight:800;color:#12303f;\">AMS 2631<\/b> &#8211; ULTRASONIC INSPECTION of titanium bar, billet and plate; it is NOT a material specification. W.Nr. 3.7165 IS SHARED with Grade 5 and does not on its own identify ELI. EN 10204 is not a material specification; it defines the 2.2 \/ 3.1 \/ 3.2 inspection document type.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"padding:6px 14px 12px;font-size:12px;color:#5b7180;line-height:1.7;border-top:1px solid #f0f3f5;position:relative;z-index:2;\">AMS numbers are written first and ASTM numbers second. AMS 4911, 4928, 4965, 4967, 6930 and 6931 are GRADE 5 numbers and DO NOT APPEAR in this map. AMS 4931 (ELI duplex annealed bar) was found in three sources; four could not be reached, so it was kept out of the map. Its belonging to ELI is stated in the specification note. No verified AMS pipe or tube number was found for Grade 23, and it could not be verified by four sources that Grade 23 appears in ASTM B861 \/ B862 \/ B863.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><!-- \/dm-diy-std --><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 12px;font-size:15px;line-height:1.75;\"><b>Grade 23 shares nearly all of the Grade 5 standards map \u2014 but there are two important gaps and one large divergence.<\/b> The gaps are tube and castings; the divergence is that the <b>industrial (B-series) and implant (F-series) routes define the same alloy with different numbers and different chemical limits<\/b>.<\/p>\n<div style=\"border:1px solid #d7dfe4;background:#ffffff;margin:24px 0 18px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\">\n<div style=\"background:#DD3333;color:#ffffff;font-size:13px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.04em;text-transform:uppercase;padding:10px 12px;line-height:1.35;\">Standards by Product Form \u00b7 Ti Grade 23 \/ Ti-6Al-4V ELI<\/div>\n<p><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<table style=\"border-collapse:collapse;width:100%;font-size:15px;line-height:1.5;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\">Strip \u00b7 sheet \u00b7 plate<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">ASTM <b>B265<\/b> Gr 23 \/ ASME <b>SB-265<\/b> \u00b7 <b>AMS 4907<\/b> (6Al-4V ELI sheet, strip, plate \u2014 annealed)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\">Bar \u00b7 rod \u00b7 billet<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">ASTM <b>B348<\/b> Gr 23 \/ ASME <b>SB-348<\/b> \u00b7 <b>AMS 4930<\/b> (bar, wire, forgings, rings \u2014 annealed) \u00b7 <b>4931<\/b> \u00b7 <b>4996<\/b> (billet) \u00b7 <b>6932<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\">Forgings<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">ASTM <b>B381<\/b> grade <b>F-23<\/b> \u00b7 <b>AMS 4930<\/b> \u00b7 <b>ASTM F620<\/b> (implant forgings)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\">Wire<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">ASTM <b>B863<\/b> Gr 23 (named explicitly in the scope) \u00b7 <b>AMS 4930<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\">Seamless \u00b7 welded pipe<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">ASTM <b>B861<\/b> and <b>B862<\/b> Gr 23 \u2014 <b>both within scope<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\"><b>Heat-exchanger tube<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\"><b>NONE.<\/b> The ASTM <b>B338<\/b> scope contains <b>neither Grade 5 nor Grade 23<\/b> \u2014 none of its 28 grades is Ti-6Al-4V. <b>&#8220;ASTM B338 Grade 23 tube&#8221; is not a product that exists<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\">Welding fittings<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">ASTM <b>B363<\/b>. <b>Coverage of Grade 23 could not be verified<\/b> \u2014 confirm against the current edition<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\">Flanges<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\"><b>There is no titanium-specific flange material specification.<\/b> Flanges are made from <b>ASTM B381 F-23 forgings<\/b>; dimensions and pressure class follow <b>ASME B16.5<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\">Bolts \u00b7 nuts<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">ASTM <b>F468<\/b> \/ <b>F467<\/b>. Mill listings show Ti-6Al-4V here; <b>coverage of the ELI grade could not be verified<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\"><b>Castings<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\"><b>THERE IS NO ELI CASTING.<\/b> The only Ti-6Al-4V casting grade in ASTM <b>B367<\/b> is <b>C-5 (UNS R56409)<\/b>, and that is the <b>standard Grade 5 composition<\/b>. <b>No standardised &#8220;ELI casting&#8221; product exists<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\">Bare welding wire<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>AWS A5.16 ERTi-23<\/b> \u00b7 <b>AMS 4956<\/b>. (The matching filler for Grade 5 base metal is <b>ERTi-5 \/ AMS 4954<\/b> \u2014 but ELI wire is also used deliberately on Grade 5)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\"><b>Covered electrode<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\"><b>NONE and there never will be.<\/b> Titanium <b>is not welded by SMAW<\/b>; slag and flux cannot protect the pool<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\">Surgical implant<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>ASTM F136<\/b> (wrought Ti-6Al-4V ELI, <b>UNS R56401<\/b>) \u2014 <b>the principal ELI document in the implant world<\/b> \u00b7 <b>ASTM F620<\/b> (implant forgings in the \u03b1+\u03b2 condition) \u00b7 <b>ISO 5832-3<\/b> \u2014 <b>CAUTION: ISO 5832-3 IS NOT ELI<\/b>, see below<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\">Additive manufacturing<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\"><b>ASTM F3001<\/b> \u2014 &#8220;Additive Manufacturing Titanium-6 Aluminum-4 Vanadium <b>ELI<\/b> with Powder Bed Fusion&#8221;; the standard-grade counterpart is <b>ASTM F2924<\/b>. <b>Separate standards \u2014 do not confuse them<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\">ASME Section IX<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">Titanium base metals fall in <b>P-No. 51\u201353<\/b>, fillers in <b>F-No. 51\u201356<\/b>. <b>The grade-level assignment must be confirmed against the current QW\/QB-422<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\">Europe<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">W.Nr. <b>3.7165<\/b> \u2014 <b>the same number as Grade 5<\/b>; EN designation <b>TiAl6V4<\/b>, with the ELI distinction carried <b>by the name suffix<\/b>. DIN <b>17851, 17860, 17862, 17864<\/b>. Aerospace number <b>3.7164<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<p style=\"margin:18px 0 6px;font-size:15px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;line-height:1.5;\">The warning that must be published about ISO 5832-3<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 12px;font-size:15px;line-height:1.75;\"><b>Contrary to widespread belief, ISO 5832-3 is NOT an ELI standard.<\/b> Its own composition table gives <b>oxygen \u22640.20 %, iron \u22640.30 %, aluminium 5.5\u20136.75 %<\/b> \u2014 that is the <b>standard Grade 5 composition<\/b>. The standard merely carries a <b>note<\/b> in the text that <b>&#8220;a grade with more restrictive limits of oxygen and iron is known under the term ELI&#8221;<\/b>; it does not define ELI in its own table.<br \/>The mechanical minimums of ISO 5832-3 also differ from ASTM: for bars and sheets up to 75 mm maximum dimension, <b>Rm \u2265860 MPa, Rp0.2 \u2265780 MPa, elongation \u22658 % (sheet) or \u226510 % (bar)<\/b>.<br \/><b>Practical consequence:<\/b> writing &#8220;ISO 5832-3&#8221; on an implant order <b>does not mean you have asked for ELI<\/b>. If ELI is wanted, write <b>ASTM F136<\/b> (or explicitly &#8220;ISO 5832-3, ELI grade, O \u22640.13 %&#8221;). <b>This is the single most expensive error we see in the implant supply chain.<\/b><\/p>\n<h4 id=\"dm-b2\" style=\"font-size:19px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;margin:30px 0 10px;line-height:1.35;\">ASME Code Acceptance and Maximum Code Temperatures<\/h4>\n<p><!-- dm-diy-isil --><\/p>\n<div style=\"border:1px solid #e3e9ec;margin:22px 0 26px;background:#fff;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\">\n<div style=\"background:#12303f;color:#fff;padding:9px 14px;font-size:14px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.3px;position:relative;z-index:2;\">HEAT TREATMENT \u2014 SCHEMATIC<\/div>\n<div style=\"position:relative;z-index:2;\">\n<div style=\"padding:14px 12px 4px;display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:10px;align-items:stretch;\">\n<div style=\"flex:1 1 180px;min-width:150px;background:#12303f;color:#fff;padding:12px 14px;\">\n<div style=\"font-size:12.5px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.06em;line-height:1.35;\">1 \u00b7 SOLUTION TREATMENT<\/div>\n<div style=\"font-size:12.5px;line-height:1.5;margin-top:4px;opacity:.88;\">843-968 \u00b0C band (for Ti-6Al-4V). TIMET 899-968 \u00b0C (1650-1775 \u00b0F)<br \/>TIMET 2-120 minutes<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"flex:1 1 180px;min-width:150px;background:#c0392b;color:#fff;padding:12px 14px;\">\n<div style=\"font-size:12.5px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.06em;line-height:1.35;\">2 \u00b7 COOL<\/div>\n<div style=\"font-size:12.5px;line-height:1.5;margin-top:4px;opacity:.88;\">WATER QUENCH. Air cooling is not sufficient for STA.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"flex:1 1 180px;min-width:150px;background:#1b7f4b;color:#fff;padding:12px 14px;\">\n<div style=\"font-size:12.5px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.06em;line-height:1.35;\">3 \u00b7 AGEING<\/div>\n<div style=\"font-size:12.5px;line-height:1.5;margin-top:4px;opacity:.88;\">see the table below<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"padding:10px 12px 2px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\"><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"position:relative;z-index:2;\">\n<div style=\"font-size:13.5px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;margin:6px 0 6px;\">Solution treatment<\/div>\n<table style=\"width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:13.5px;background:transparent;\">\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Temperature<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">843-968 \u00b0C band (for Ti-6Al-4V). TIMET 899-968 \u00b0C (1650-1775 \u00b0F) \u00b7 Granta\/TIG 904-954 \u00b0C (1660-1750 \u00b0F) \u00b7 NASA\/DMIC 843-954 \u00b0C (1550-1750 \u00b0F) \u00b7 RMI\/RTI 954 \u00b0C (1750 \u00b0F). FOUR INDEPENDENT SOURCES. All lie BELOW the beta transus.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Time<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">TIMET 2-120 minutes \u00b7 Granta\/TIG 5 minutes to 2 hours \u00b7 RMI\/RTI 10 minutes.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Cooling<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">WATER QUENCH. Air cooling is not sufficient for STA.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Warning<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">THIS STAGE IS NOT A RECIPE FOR ELI. The three verified ELI AMS specifications describe only the ANNEALED condition; if a job requires STA in ELI, the specification number and the acceptance criteria must be written separately into the order.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"padding:10px 12px 2px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\"><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"position:relative;z-index:2;\">\n<div style=\"font-size:13.5px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;margin:6px 0 6px;\">1 \u00b7 STRESS RELIEF<\/div>\n<table style=\"width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:13.5px;background:transparent;\">\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Step<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">1 \u00b7 STRESS RELIEF<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Summary<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">Reduces residual stress left by machining, cold forming, straightening and welding. It changes neither the grain structure nor the strength.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Temperature<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">482-649 \u00b0C. RMI\/RTI 482 \u00b0C (900 \u00b0F) \u00b7 NASA\/DMIC 538-649 \u00b0C (1000-1200 \u00b0F). The values are for Ti-6Al-4V. TWO INDEPENDENT SOURCES; not written as a binding band.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Time<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">RMI\/RTI 30 minutes \u00b7 NASA\/DMIC 30 minutes to 1 hour.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Cooling<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">Air cool.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Resulting hardness<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">Hardness and strength are practically unchanged.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"padding:10px 12px 2px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\"><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"position:relative;z-index:2;\">\n<div style=\"font-size:13.5px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;margin:6px 0 6px;\">2 \u00b7 ANNEALING (MILL ANNEAL) &#8211; THE STANDARD CONDITION FOR ELI<\/div>\n<table style=\"width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:13.5px;background:transparent;\">\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Step<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">2 \u00b7 ANNEALING (MILL ANNEAL) &#8211; THE STANDARD CONDITION FOR ELI<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Summary<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">The commercial as-delivered condition for ELI. The temperature stays below the beta transus. AMS 4907, AMS 4930 and AMS 6932 and the ASTM B265 \/ B348 Grade 23 floors are all written against this condition.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Temperature<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">704-816 \u00b0C common band. TIMET 704 \u00b0C (1300 \u00b0F) \u00b7 RMI\/RTI 704 \u00b0C (1300 \u00b0F) \u00b7 Granta \/ Titanium Information Group 732 \u00b0C (1350 \u00b0F) \u00b7 NASA\/DMIC 704-816 \u00b0C (1300-1500 \u00b0F). FOUR INDEPENDENT SOURCES; the values are for Ti-6Al-4V and ELI is the same alloy. NO AVERAGE HAS BEEN TAKEN.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Time<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">20 minutes to 4 hours. RMI\/RTI 20 minutes \u00b7 TIMET 1 hour \u00b7 NASA\/DMIC 1-2 hours \u00b7 Granta\/TIG 4 hours.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Cooling<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">Air cool or slow furnace cool; NASA\/DMIC gives a furnace cool to about 593 \u00b0C, then air.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Resulting hardness<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">Annealed condition. ASTM B265 \/ B348 Grade 23 floors: 828 MPa tensile, 759 MPa yield, 10% elongation, 25% reduction of area.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"padding:10px 12px 2px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\"><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"position:relative;z-index:2;\">\n<div style=\"font-size:13.5px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;margin:6px 0 6px;\">3 \u00b7 VACUUM OR PROTECTIVE-ATMOSPHERE ANNEALING<\/div>\n<table style=\"width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:13.5px;background:transparent;\">\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Step<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">3 \u00b7 VACUUM OR PROTECTIVE-ATMOSPHERE ANNEALING<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Summary<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">Not a separate strength step; it is stage 2 done where a clean surface is required. It matters especially for ELI: the whole value of the alloy lies in its low oxygen, and annealing in air loads oxygen back into the surface.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Temperature<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">The same band as annealing (about 704-816 \u00b0C). Vacuum annealing also lowers hydrogen.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Time<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">The same as the annealing time; longer soaks are used for hydrogen removal. No ELI-specific time could be verified by four sources.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Cooling<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">Cool under vacuum or argon.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Resulting hardness<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">Hardness is unchanged. The gain is that no alpha case forms and no hydrogen is picked up.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"padding:10px 12px 2px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\"><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"position:relative;z-index:2;\">\n<div style=\"font-size:13.5px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;margin:6px 0 6px;\">AGEING (Ti-6Al-4V data; no specification verified for ELI)<\/div>\n<table style=\"width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:13.5px;background:transparent;\">\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Step<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">AGEING (Ti-6Al-4V data; no specification verified for ELI)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Temperature<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">482-691 \u00b0C. TIMET 482-691 \u00b0C (900-1275 \u00b0F) \u00b7 NASA\/DMIC 482-593 \u00b0C (900-1100 \u00b0F) \u00b7 United Performance Metals 524-552 \u00b0C (975-1025 \u00b0F) \u00b7 Granta\/TIG 538 \u00b0C (1000 \u00b0F) \u00b7 RMI\/RTI 621 \u00b0C (1150 \u00b0F). FIVE INDEPENDENT SOURCES, all for Grade 5.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Time<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">1-24 hours. NASA\/DMIC reports no significant effect beyond 8 hours.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Cooling<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">Air cool.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Result<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">In Grade 5 the yield rises to 1034-1096 MPa; no corresponding specification value could be verified for ELI. ELI IS ORDERED ANNEALED.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"padding:6px 14px 12px;font-size:12px;color:#5b7180;line-height:1.7;border-top:1px solid #f0f3f5;position:relative;z-index:2;\">The diagram is schematic; the time axis is NOT to scale. No published TTT\/CCT curve was used, so no curve is drawn. Grade 23 (ELI) is THE SAME ALLOY as Grade 5; its heat treatment behaviour is the same and the cycles below come from sources verified for Ti-6Al-4V. HOWEVER, ELI IS SUPPLIED COMMERCIALLY IN THE ANNEALED CONDITION: all three verified ELI AMS specifications (4907, 4930, 6932) describe the annealed condition. Solution treating and ageing is metallurgically possible; no AMS specification defining STA for ELI COULD BE VERIFIED, and this card does NOT recommend an STA recipe for ELI. The solution and ageing stages below are given for information. PRACTICAL RULE FOR ELI: order it annealed and do not anneal it in air. The toughness bought by holding the interstitial ceilings narrow can be given back at the surface by a single heat treatment in air. Work under vacuum or argon; if alpha case has formed, remove it completely. A separate beta transus value for ELI was found in A SINGLE SOURCE ONLY: the United Performance Metals data sheet gives 1825 \u00b0F \u00b125 \u00b0F. The same company&#8217;s Grade 5 sheet gives 1830 \u00b0F; the two figures suggest that the ELI transus is somewhat lower, but they rest on one organisation and are not written on the card as a binding number. The band verified by four sources for Grade 5 is 995-1000 \u00b0C. The solution treating and ageing stages come from Ti-6Al-4V (Grade 5) sources and ARE NOT A SPECIFICATION for ELI; they are given for information. The stress relief stage rests on two sources and is not given as a binding band. No published TTT\/CCT curve was used.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><!-- \/dm-diy-isil --><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 12px;font-size:15px;line-height:1.75;\"><b>Two separate questions must not be conflated.<\/b> First: &#8220;has ASME adopted the material specification?&#8221; Second: &#8220;has ASME published a design stress for this grade?&#8221; <b>In code work it is the second that decides.<\/b><\/p>\n<div style=\"border:1px solid #d7dfe4;background:#ffffff;margin:24px 0 18px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\">\n<div style=\"background:#DD3333;color:#ffffff;font-size:13px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.04em;text-transform:uppercase;padding:10px 12px;line-height:1.35;\">Code Status \u00b7 Ti Grade 23<\/div>\n<p><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<table style=\"border-collapse:collapse;width:100%;font-size:15px;line-height:1.5;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>Material specification adoption<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>Yes.<\/b> ASME <b>SB-265<\/b> and <b>SB-348<\/b> are the Section II Part B counterparts of ASTM B265 and B348 and <b>Grade 23 is in their grade lists<\/b>; likewise SB-861 \/ SB-862 on the pipe side<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\"><b>Design stress (II-D) listing<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\"><b>NOT VERIFIED.<\/b> The Titanium Association&#8217;s 2020 code presentation states that <b>&#8220;currently 17 different titanium alloy grades are approved for Section VIII, Division 1 construction&#8221;<\/b> and its stress charts show <b>Grades 1, 2, 2H, 12 and 28<\/b>; <b>Ti-6Al-4V and ELI are never mentioned<\/b>. <b>Obtain confirmation from the current ASME II Part D Table 1B before offering Grade 23 as a pressure vessel or code piping material<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>Published temperature range<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">The Section VIII Div. 1 allowable stress curves in that same presentation are plotted to <b>600 \u00b0F (315 \u00b0C)<\/b>. <b>That is the order of the code ceiling for titanium<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\"><b>The material&#8217;s own ceiling<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">The producer recommends Ti-6Al-4V for service up to about <b>350 \u00b0C (660 \u00b0F)<\/b>. <b>That is a material recommendation, not a code limit<\/b> \u2014 never show the two in the same table<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>Practical conclusion<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">For a code titanium vessel or heat exchanger the answer is almost always <a href=\"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/en\/ti-grade-2\/\">Ti Grade 2<\/a> (or Gr 12 \/ Gr 7 \/ Gr 28). <b>Grade 23 is not a code material but a structural and fracture-critical one<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 12px;font-size:15px;line-height:1.75;\"><b>ELI&#8217;s own regulatory world, by contrast, is very strong:<\/b> <b>ASTM F136<\/b> in medical devices, <b>AMS 4907 \/ 4930 \/ 4931 \/ 4956<\/b> in aerospace and <b>ASTM F3001<\/b> in additive manufacturing are fully established. <b>Grade 23 is not a weak material because it is &#8220;not in the code&#8221;; the ASME pressure code simply is not its market.<\/b><\/p>\n<h4 id=\"dm-b3\" style=\"font-size:19px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;margin:30px 0 10px;line-height:1.35;\">Product Forms With NO Standard \u2014 the Commercially Valuable Section<\/h4>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 12px;font-size:15px;line-height:1.75;\"><b>This is the section your sales engineers should memorise.<\/b><\/p>\n<div style=\"border:1px solid #d7dfe4;background:#ffffff;margin:24px 0 18px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\">\n<div style=\"background:#DD3333;color:#ffffff;font-size:13px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.04em;text-transform:uppercase;padding:10px 12px;line-height:1.35;\">Specification Gaps for R56407 \/ R56401<\/div>\n<p><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<table style=\"border-collapse:collapse;width:100%;font-size:15px;line-height:1.5;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>Heat-exchanger tube<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>ASTM B338 contains no Ti-6Al-4V at all<\/b> \u2014 neither Grade 5 nor Grade 23. B338 is built on the unalloyed grades, the Pd\/Ru-bearing grades, Gr 9 and Gr 12. <b>The honest answer:<\/b> what decides a heat exchanger is corrosion and expandability, not strength, so the right material is <a href=\"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/en\/ti-grade-2\/\">Grade 2<\/a> or Gr 12. If high pressure is required, <b>Grade 9 (Ti-3Al-2.5V)<\/b> exists precisely for this gap. If Ti-6Al-4V is genuinely required, the route is <b>B861 \/ B862<\/b> \u2014 but that is &#8220;pipe&#8221;, not &#8220;tube&#8221;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\"><b>ELI castings<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\"><b>None.<\/b> The only Ti-6Al-4V casting grade in ASTM B367 is <b>C-5 (R56409)<\/b>, which is <b>the standard Grade 5 composition<\/b>. And by the nature of casting, <b>oxygen control is far harder than in wrought product<\/b>: melting, mould reaction and HIP all carry interstitial pickup risk. <b>An order for an &#8220;ELI cast acetabular cup&#8221; is unsupported both metallurgically and by specification.<\/b> The answer: <b>forge it or machine it from bar<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>Covered electrode<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>Does not exist and will not<\/b> \u2014 titanium is not welded by SMAW<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\"><b>Flange specification<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\"><b>There is no titanium-specific flange material specification.<\/b> The role B462 plays for nickel alloys is taken by <b>B381 F-23 forgings<\/b>. Order line: &#8220;<b>ASME B16.5 Class ___ WN RF flange, material ASTM B381 Gr F-23<\/b>&#8220;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>STA (solution treated and aged) ELI<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>Effectively no specification route exists \u2014 and that is logical.<\/b> The STA specifications for Ti-6Al-4V (for example <b>AMS 4965<\/b>) are <b>Grade 5 documents<\/b>; the ELI documents (AMS 4907 \/ 4930 \/ 4931) cover the <b>annealed<\/b> condition. The reason is simple: <b>STA raises strength and lowers fracture toughness \u2014 it undoes the very reason ELI exists.<\/b> STA ELI requires <b>a company specification and bespoke acceptance criteria<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<h4 id=\"dm-b4\" style=\"font-size:19px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;margin:30px 0 10px;line-height:1.35;\">Chemical Composition<\/h4>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 12px;font-size:15px;line-height:1.75;\"><b>The table below shows how the same material is defined differently in three documents. These differences are not small and they have direct consequences at certificate review.<\/b><\/p>\n<div style=\"border:1px solid #d7dfe4;background:#ffffff;margin:24px 0 18px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\">\n<div style=\"background:#DD3333;color:#ffffff;font-size:13px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.04em;text-transform:uppercase;padding:10px 12px;line-height:1.35;\">Three Routes, Three Tables \u00b7 Ti-6Al-4V ELI (weight %)<\/div>\n<p><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<table style=\"border-collapse:collapse;width:100%;font-size:15px;line-height:1.5;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>ASTM B-series, Grade 23<\/b><br \/>(B265 \u00b7 B348 \u00b7 B861 \u00b7 B862 \u00b7 B381 \u00b7 B863)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>N \u22640.03<\/b> \u00b7 C \u22640.08 \u00b7 <b>H \u22640.0125<\/b> \u00b7 <b>Fe \u22640.25<\/b> \u00b7 <b>O \u22640.13<\/b> \u00b7 Al <b>5.50\u20136.50<\/b> \u00b7 V 3.50\u20134.50 \u00b7 residuals 0.1 each, 0.4 total \u00b7 Ti balance. <b>UNS R56407 \u2014 nitrogen and hydrogen are tightest here<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\"><b>ASTM F136<\/b><br \/>(surgical implant)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\"><b>N \u22640.05<\/b> <b>[conflict]<\/b> \u00b7 C \u22640.08 \u00b7 <b>H \u22640.012\u20130.013<\/b> <b>[conflict]<\/b> \u00b7 Fe \u22640.25 \u00b7 O \u22640.13 \u00b7 Al 5.50\u20136.50 \u00b7 V 3.50\u20134.50 \u00b7 residual total \u22640.40 \u00b7 Ti balance. <b>UNS R56401.<\/b> Two independent producer sheets give nitrogen as <b>0.05 %<\/b> for F136 \u2014 <b>looser than ASTM Grade 23<\/b>. In exchange F136 goes beyond chemistry and imposes <b>microstructure, grain size, \u03b1-phase morphology and traceability<\/b> requirements<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>European mill practice<\/b><br \/>(DIN \/ EN sheets)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>N \u22640.05<\/b> \u00b7 C \u22640.08 \u00b7 <b>H \u22640.012<\/b> (some sheets <b>\u22640.015<\/b>) \u00b7 Fe \u22640.25 \u00b7 O \u22640.13 \u00b7 Al 5.50\u20136.50 \u00b7 V 3.50\u20134.50. <b>Aligned with ASTM on oxygen, iron and aluminium; not on nitrogen and hydrogen<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\"><b>For comparison: Grade 5<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">N \u22640.05 \u00b7 C \u22640.08 \u00b7 H \u22640.015 \u00b7 <b>Fe \u22640.40<\/b> (ASTM) \/ <b>\u22640.30<\/b> (AMS and Europe) \u00b7 <b>O \u22640.20<\/b> \u00b7 Al <b>5.50\u20136.75<\/b> \u00b7 V 3.50\u20134.50. <b>The ASTM\u2013AMS divergence on the iron ceiling exists in Grade 5 too and is decisive for aerospace buyers<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>One rule for ordering<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>Do not rely on the UNS number or on the word &#8220;ELI&#8221;.<\/b> The order must carry <b>specification name + grade + numerical interstitial ceilings<\/b> together. Example: &#8220;<b>ASTM B348 Grade 23 (UNS R56407), O \u22640.13 %, N \u22640.03 %, Fe \u22640.25 %, H \u22640.0125 %<\/b>&#8220;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 12px;font-size:15px;line-height:1.75;\"><b>Why so much care?<\/b> Because the difference is only <b>700 ppm of oxygen<\/b> \u2014 and in a melting furnace, a scrap charge or an uncontrolled heat treatment, <b>700 ppm of oxygen is easily gained<\/b>. ELI is not a quality category but <b>a process discipline that must be protected end to end<\/b>: sponge selection, scrap mix, number of vacuum arc remelting cycles, hot-working atmosphere and final annealing environment. <b>The ELI premium is the cost of that discipline.<\/b><\/p>\n<h4 id=\"dm-b5\" style=\"font-size:19px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;margin:30px 0 10px;line-height:1.35;\">Mechanical Properties<\/h4>\n<p><!-- dm-diy-sert --><\/p>\n<div style=\"border:1px solid #e3e9ec;margin:22px 0 26px;background:#fff;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\">\n<div style=\"background:#12303f;color:#fff;padding:9px 14px;font-size:14px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.3px;position:relative;z-index:2;\">STRENGTH BY AGEING CONDITION<\/div>\n<div style=\"position:relative;z-index:2;\">\n<div style=\"padding:12px 10px 0;\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 740 354\" style=\"width:100%;height:auto;display:block;\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" role=\"img\"><rect x=\"16\" y=\"6\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"#12303f\"\/><text x=\"34\" y=\"16\" font-size=\"11.5\" fill=\"#12303f\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">Yield (MPa)<\/text><rect x=\"146\" y=\"6\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"#7fa8bd\"\/><text x=\"164\" y=\"16\" font-size=\"11.5\" fill=\"#12303f\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">Tensile (MPa)<\/text><text x=\"16\" y=\"44\" font-size=\"12.5\" font-weight=\"bold\" fill=\"#12303f\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">ASTM B265 \/ ASME SB-265 Grade 23 &#8211; annealed sheet, strip and plate (UNS R56407)<\/text><rect x=\"16\" y=\"50\" width=\"627.7\" height=\"15\" fill=\"#7fa8bd\"\/><text x=\"650.7\" y=\"62\" font-size=\"11.5\" fill=\"#5b7180\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">828<\/text><rect x=\"16\" y=\"68\" width=\"575.4\" height=\"15\" fill=\"#12303f\"\/><text x=\"598.4\" y=\"80\" font-size=\"11.5\" fill=\"#5b7180\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">759<\/text><text x=\"16\" y=\"108\" font-size=\"12.5\" font-weight=\"bold\" fill=\"#12303f\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">ASTM B348 \/ ASME SB-348 Grade 23 &#8211; annealed bar up to 76.2 mm (UNS R56407)<\/text><rect x=\"16\" y=\"114\" width=\"627.7\" height=\"15\" fill=\"#7fa8bd\"\/><text x=\"650.7\" y=\"126\" font-size=\"11.5\" fill=\"#5b7180\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">828<\/text><rect x=\"16\" y=\"132\" width=\"575.4\" height=\"15\" fill=\"#12303f\"\/><text x=\"598.4\" y=\"144\" font-size=\"11.5\" fill=\"#5b7180\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">759<\/text><text x=\"16\" y=\"172\" font-size=\"12.5\" font-weight=\"bold\" fill=\"#12303f\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">ASTM F136 &#8211; surgical implant, annealed, below 44.45 mm (UNS R56401)<\/text><rect x=\"16\" y=\"178\" width=\"652.0\" height=\"15\" fill=\"#7fa8bd\"\/><text x=\"675.0\" y=\"190\" font-size=\"11.5\" fill=\"#5b7180\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">860<\/text><rect x=\"16\" y=\"196\" width=\"602.7\" height=\"15\" fill=\"#12303f\"\/><text x=\"625.7\" y=\"208\" font-size=\"11.5\" fill=\"#5b7180\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">795<\/text><text x=\"16\" y=\"236\" font-size=\"12.5\" font-weight=\"bold\" fill=\"#12303f\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">ASTM F136 &#8211; surgical implant, 63.5-101.6 mm section<\/text><rect x=\"16\" y=\"242\" width=\"625.5\" height=\"15\" fill=\"#7fa8bd\"\/><text x=\"648.5\" y=\"254\" font-size=\"11.5\" fill=\"#5b7180\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">825<\/text><rect x=\"16\" y=\"260\" width=\"576.2\" height=\"15\" fill=\"#12303f\"\/><text x=\"599.2\" y=\"272\" font-size=\"11.5\" fill=\"#5b7180\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">760<\/text><text x=\"16\" y=\"300\" font-size=\"12.5\" font-weight=\"bold\" fill=\"#12303f\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">ANNEALED (MILL ANNEALED) &#8211; typical values<\/text><rect x=\"16\" y=\"306\" width=\"627.7\" height=\"15\" fill=\"#7fa8bd\"\/><text x=\"650.7\" y=\"318\" font-size=\"11.5\" fill=\"#5b7180\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">828<\/text><rect x=\"16\" y=\"324\" width=\"575.4\" height=\"15\" fill=\"#12303f\"\/><text x=\"598.4\" y=\"336\" font-size=\"11.5\" fill=\"#5b7180\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">759<\/text><\/svg><\/div>\n<div style=\"padding:12px 12px 2px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\"><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"overflow-x:auto;position:relative;z-index:2;\">\n<table style=\"width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:13.5px;min-width:430px;background:transparent;\">\n<tr>\n<th style=\"padding:7px 9px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:#12303f;background:#F2F6F8;border:1px solid #eceff1;\">Condition<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding:7px 9px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:#12303f;background:#F2F6F8;border:1px solid #eceff1;\">Hardness<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding:7px 9px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:#12303f;background:#F2F6F8;border:1px solid #eceff1;\">Yield MPa<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding:7px 9px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:#12303f;background:#F2F6F8;border:1px solid #eceff1;\">Tensile MPa<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding:7px 9px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:#12303f;background:#F2F6F8;border:1px solid #eceff1;\">Elongation<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">ASTM B265 \/ ASME SB-265 Grade 23 &#8211; annealed sheet, strip and plate (UNS R56407)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">&#8211;<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">759<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">828<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">10%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">ASTM B348 \/ ASME SB-348 Grade 23 &#8211; annealed bar up to 76.2 mm (UNS R56407)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">&#8211;<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">759<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">828<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">10%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">ASTM F136 &#8211; surgical implant, annealed, below 44.45 mm (UNS R56401)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">30-35 HRC<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">795<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">860<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">10%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">ASTM F136 &#8211; surgical implant, 63.5-101.6 mm section<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">&#8211;<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">760<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">825<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">8%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">ANNEALED (MILL ANNEALED) &#8211; typical values<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">&#8211;<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">759-793<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">828<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">8-10%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">SOLUTION TREATED AND AGED (STA)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">&#8211;<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">&#8211;<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">&#8211;<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">&#8211;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"padding:6px 14px 12px;font-size:12px;color:#5b7180;line-height:1.7;border-top:1px solid #f0f3f5;position:relative;z-index:2;\">In the chart, a value given as a range is drawn at its lower bound; the full range is in the table. The ASTM B265 \/ B348 Grade 23 floors were verified by TWO independent sources (TIMET, United Performance Metals); four could not be reached and this is stated beside those rows. The Titanium Industries Grade 23 page gives 120 ksi for yield and 125 ksi for tensile. Those figures are identical to the ones on its Grade 5 page and contradict the lower ELI floors; the conflict is recorded and the figures were kept out of the table. THE STA ROW FOR ELI IS LEFT EMPTY. Because the alloy is the same as Grade 5, STA is metallurgically possible, but no specification defining STA for ELI could be verified, so no figure was written. No ELI-specific numerical fracture toughness (K1C) data was found; TIMET says &#8216;fracture critical applications&#8217; and Carpenter Technology says &#8216;superior damage tolerance&#8217;, but neither gives a number.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><!-- \/dm-diy-sert --><\/p>\n<div style=\"border:1px solid #d7dfe4;background:#ffffff;margin:24px 0 18px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\">\n<div style=\"background:#DD3333;color:#ffffff;font-size:13px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.04em;text-transform:uppercase;padding:10px 12px;line-height:1.35;\">Specification Minimums and Typical Values \u00b7 Grade 23, Annealed<\/div>\n<p><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<table style=\"border-collapse:collapse;width:100%;font-size:15px;line-height:1.5;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>ASTM minimums<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">Rm <b>\u2265828 MPa (120 ksi)<\/b> \u00b7 Rp0.2 <b>\u2265759 MPa (110 ksi)<\/b> \u00b7 Elongation <b>\u226510 %<\/b> \u00b7 Reduction of area <b>\u226525 %<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\"><b>Typical mill values<\/b> (NOT GUARANTEED)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">Rp0.2 <b>~827 MPa (120 ksi)<\/b> \u00b7 Rm <b>~896 MPa (130 ksi)<\/b> \u00b7 Elongation <b>~15 %<\/b> \u00b7 Reduction of area <b>~45 %<\/b>. <b>The typical values land on the MINIMUMS of Grade 5<\/b> \u2014 which is the practical reason ELI is not regarded as &#8220;weak&#8221;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>ISO 5832-3 minimums<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">Rm <b>\u2265860 MPa<\/b> \u00b7 Rp0.2 <b>\u2265780 MPa<\/b> \u00b7 Elongation <b>\u22658 % (sheet) \/ \u226510 % (bar)<\/b>, maximum dimension \u226475 mm. <b>NOT THE SAME as ASTM Grade 23<\/b> \u2014 and remember, the chemistry of ISO 5832-3 is standard Grade 5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\"><b>Compression \u00b7 shear \u00b7 bearing<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">Compressive yield <b>825\u2013895 MPa<\/b> \u00b7 ultimate shear <b>480\u2013690 MPa<\/b> \u00b7 ultimate bearing <b>1380\u20132070 MPa<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>Hardness<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">Annealed <b>30\u201334 HRC<\/b>; Grade 5 solution treated and aged reaches <b>35\u201339 HRC<\/b>. <b>Always print the scale<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<p style=\"margin:18px 0 6px;font-size:15px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;line-height:1.5;\">Fracture toughness \u2014 the reason ELI exists<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 12px;font-size:15px;line-height:1.75;\"><b>The numbers in this section are the only thing that justifies the ELI premium, so the quality of the source matters.<\/b><br \/><b>The soundest data comes from a national standards laboratory study of low-temperature fracture in Ti-6Al-4V ELI.<\/b> Measured K<sub>Ic<\/sub> values in the base metal are approximately <b>100\u2013110 MPa\u221am at room temperature<\/b> and about <b>60.8 MPa\u221am at 76 K (\u2212197 \u00b0C)<\/b>, with <b>an abrupt transition between 76 and 125 K<\/b>. In the same study, <b>electron beam welding reduced toughness at the HAZ boundary by 16 % relative to the base metal<\/b>. Fatigue crack growth rates were found to be <b>insensitive to temperature and to weld-induced microstructural change<\/b> over the stress intensity ranges tested.<br \/><b>Direct comparison with Grade 5:<\/b> a secondary source gives <b>~55 MPa\u221am<\/b> for Grade 5 and <b>~75 MPa\u221am<\/b> for Grade 23 (about <b>36 % higher<\/b>). <b>[Single source \u2014 treat as indicative, do not use in design.]<\/b> Producer datasheets give no numerical comparison and say only that <b>&#8220;the ELI grade should be specified whenever toughness is a priority&#8221;<\/b>. <b>The order of magnitude is not in dispute; the exact figure depends on product form, microstructure and orientation and must be requested from the mill per project.<\/b><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:18px 0 6px;font-size:15px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;line-height:1.5;\">Fatigue<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 12px;font-size:15px;line-height:1.75;\">The producer&#8217;s published axial fatigue data for ELI (<b>R = 0.06\u20130.1<\/b>): <b>smooth 400\u2013700 MPa (60\u2013100 ksi)<\/b>, <b>notched (K<sub>t<\/sub> = 3) 140\u2013270 MPa (20\u201340 ksi)<\/b>. <b>Note the magnitude of the notch sensitivity:<\/b> a notch cuts fatigue strength to roughly <b>one third<\/b> \u2014 a general property of titanium and not a problem ELI solves. <b>ELI improves how fast the crack leaving the notch root propagates; it does not forgive the notch.<\/b> <b>Design rule: surface finish, radii and shot peening matter more than the choice of grade.<\/b><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:18px 0 6px;font-size:15px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;line-height:1.5;\">Cryogenic behaviour<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 12px;font-size:15px;line-height:1.75;\"><b>This is ELI&#8217;s second large market, and the reason is directly the oxygen ceiling.<\/b> Titanium gains strength at low temperature but loses toughness, and the size of that loss <b>scales directly with interstitial content<\/b>. The laboratory data above quantifies it: ELI&#8217;s K<sub>Ic<\/sub> falls from <b>~100\u2013110 MPa\u221am<\/b> at room temperature to <b>~60.8 MPa\u221am at 76 K<\/b> \u2014 <b>more than half is retained<\/b>. Standard Grade 5 follows the same decline from a far lower starting point and is generally not considered suitable for cryogenic use.<br \/><b>Commercial consequence:<\/b> for pressure vessels, valves and structural parts in liquid nitrogen (77 K) and liquid hydrogen (20 K) service, <b>ELI is specified and standard Grade 5 is not<\/b>. <b>A cryogenic specification that says &#8220;Ti-6Al-4V&#8221; without stating ELI is incomplete.<\/b><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:18px 0 6px;font-size:15px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;line-height:1.5;\">Fall-off at elevated temperature<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 12px;font-size:15px;line-height:1.75;\"><b>Ti-6Al-4V is not a high-temperature alloy.<\/b> The producer recommends about <b>350 \u00b0C (660 \u00b0F)<\/b> as the service temperature. Published elevated-temperature values (<b>for Grade 5<\/b>, from a European mill sheet): <b>at 315 \u00b0C, Rp0.2 620 \/ Rm 689 MPa<\/b>; <b>at 425 \u00b0C, 516 \/ 620 MPa<\/b>; <b>at 540 \u00b0C, 413 \/ 482 MPa<\/b>. <b>No separate elevated-temperature table for Grade 23 was found<\/b>; ELI values are expected to be somewhat lower \u2014 <b>ask the mill if you need numbers<\/b>.<br \/><b>And the real limitation is not strength.<\/b> Above roughly <b>400 \u00b0C, heating makes the softening permanent<\/b>; above <b>600 \u00b0C in air an alpha case forms at the surface<\/b>; and <b>prolonged high temperature also brings creep and Ti\u2083Al (\u03b1\u2082) formation risk<\/b>. For hot forming this is an advantage: <b>heating to only 427 \u00b0C gives roughly a 40 % reduction in yield strength<\/b>.<\/p>\n<h4 id=\"dm-b6\" style=\"font-size:19px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;margin:30px 0 10px;line-height:1.35;\">Physical Properties<\/h4>\n<div style=\"border:1px solid #d7dfe4;background:#ffffff;margin:24px 0 18px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\">\n<div style=\"background:#DD3333;color:#ffffff;font-size:13px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.04em;text-transform:uppercase;padding:10px 12px;line-height:1.35;\">Physical Properties \u00b7 Ti-6Al-4V ELI (room temperature)<\/div>\n<p><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<table style=\"border-collapse:collapse;width:100%;font-size:15px;line-height:1.5;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>Density<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>4.42\u20134.47 g\/cm\u00b3<\/b> (0.160 lb\/in\u00b3). <b>[Minor conflict]<\/b> Publishers give 4.42, 4.43 and 4.47; <b>the spread is measurement and rounding, not a grade difference<\/b>. <b>About 56 % of steel<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\"><b>Melting range<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\"><b>Liquidus ~1636\u20131674 \u00b0C<\/b> \u00b7 <b>solidus ~1593\u20131616 \u00b0C<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>Elastic \u00b7 shear modulus<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">E <b>~105\u2013116 GPa<\/b> (European sheets cluster around <b>113\u2013115 GPa<\/b>) \u00b7 G <b>~41\u201345 GPa<\/b>. <b>About half that of steel<\/b> \u2014 the source both of the <b>stress shielding<\/b> debate in implants and of the springback problem in machining<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\"><b>\u03b2 transus<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\"><b>ELI: ~963\u2013991 \u00b0C<\/b>; published single values are <b>977 \u00b1 4 \u00b0C<\/b>, <b>980 \u00b0C<\/b> and <b>988 \u00b1 14 \u00b0C<\/b>. <b>Grade 5: ~982\u20131010 \u00b0C<\/b>, single value <b>999 \u00b1 14 \u00b0C<\/b>. <b>ELI&#8217;s \u03b2 transus is LOWER than Grade 5&#8217;s, and this is not a measurement error:<\/b> oxygen is an \u03b1 stabiliser and raises the transus, so removing oxygen lowers it. <b>The familiar &#8220;Ti-6Al-4V \u03b2 transus is 995 \u00b0C&#8221; does not hold for ELI<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>Thermal conductivity<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>~6.6\u20137.5 W\/m\u00b7K<\/b>. One producer publishes a lower figure of about <b>5.8 W\/m\u00b7K<\/b> for annealed ELI at 23 \u00b0C <b>[conflict]<\/b>. <b>The order of magnitude is what matters: roughly one third of unalloyed titanium and about one tenth of carbon steel.<\/b> This single number is the physical cause of every machining difficulty<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\"><b>Thermal expansion<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\"><b>8.6 \u00d7 10\u207b\u2076 \/\u00b0C<\/b> (20\u2013100 \u00b0C) \u00b7 <b>9.2 \u00d7 10\u207b\u2076 \/\u00b0C<\/b> (20\u2013315 \u00b0C); a Grade 5 sheet gives <b>9.0 \u00d7 10\u207b\u2076 \/K<\/b>. <b>About half that of 316L (~16 \u00d7 10\u207b\u2076)<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>Specific heat \u00b7 resistivity<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>~526 J\/kg\u00b7K<\/b> \u00b7 <b>~1.7\u20131.8 \u00b5\u03a9\u00b7m<\/b> (170\u2013178 \u00b5\u03a9\u00b7cm), markedly <b>lower<\/b> at the cryogenic end<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\"><b>Magnetic response<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\"><b>Non-magnetic.<\/b> This underpins MR compatibility and non-magnetic hardware requirements<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<h4 id=\"dm-b7\" style=\"font-size:19px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;margin:30px 0 10px;line-height:1.35;\">Heat Treatment and Thermal Stability<\/h4>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 12px;font-size:15px;line-height:1.75;\"><b>Ti-6Al-4V is one of the few titanium alloys that genuinely hardens by heat treatment<\/b> \u2014 unlike the unalloyed grades. But <b>doing so to ELI is usually wrong<\/b>: solution treating and ageing raises strength and <b>takes back exactly what you paid for, the fracture toughness<\/b>. That is why the ELI specifications (AMS 4907 \/ 4930 \/ 4931) cover the <b>annealed<\/b> condition, while the STA specification (AMS 4965) is <b>a Grade 5 document<\/b>.<\/p>\n<div style=\"border:1px solid #d7dfe4;background:#ffffff;margin:24px 0 18px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\">\n<div style=\"background:#DD3333;color:#ffffff;font-size:13px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.04em;text-transform:uppercase;padding:10px 12px;line-height:1.35;\">Heat Treatment Regimes<\/div>\n<p><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<table style=\"border-collapse:collapse;width:100%;font-size:15px;line-height:1.5;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>Mill anneal<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>ELI: 705\u2013790 \u00b0C (1300\u20131450 \u00b0F), 1\u20134 hours, air cool<\/b>; another producer gives <b>704\u2013732 \u00b0C, 1\u20138 hours<\/b>. <b>Grade 5: 691\u2013760 \u00b0C (1275\u20131400 \u00b0F), \u00bd\u20132 hours, air or furnace cool<\/b>. <b>This is the standard delivery condition<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\"><b>Stress relief<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\"><b>480\u2013650 \u00b0C (900\u20131200 \u00b0F), 1\u20134 hours, air cool<\/b> (538\u2013649 \u00b0C for Grade 5). Applied after welding and heavy machining; <b>not forbidden in titanium<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>\u03b2 anneal<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>1035 \u00b0C (1900 \u00b0F), 30 minutes, air cool<\/b>, then <b>730 \u00b0C (1350 \u00b0F), 2 hours, air cool<\/b>. <b>Produces a lamellar (Widmanst\u00e4tten) structure: fracture toughness and crack growth resistance rise, ductility and low-cycle fatigue fall.<\/b> <b>The route for fracture-critical ELI parts<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\"><b>Recrystallisation anneal<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\"><b>925 \u00b0C (1700 \u00b0F), 4+ hours<\/b>, furnace cool at <b>\u226455 \u00b0C\/hour<\/b> to <b>760 \u00b0C<\/b> and on to <b>480 \u00b0C<\/b>, then <b>\u2265370 \u00b0C\/hour<\/b>. <b>The classic aerospace toughness route<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>Solution treat and age (STA)<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>This is a Grade 5 route.<\/b> <b>Solution: 913\u2013954 \u00b0C (1675\u20131750 \u00b0F), 1 hour, water quench<\/b> \u00b7 <b>Age: 524\u2013552 \u00b0C (975\u20131025 \u00b0F), 4\u20138 hours, air cool<\/b>. Resulting hardness <b>35\u201339 HRC<\/b>. <b>Section thickness governs<\/b> \u2014 if the quench rate does not reach the centre, neither does the strength<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\"><b>Section dependence of STA<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">AMS 4965 minimums fall with section (Rm \/ Rp0.2): <b>\u226412.7 mm 1138 \/ 1069<\/b> \u00b7 <b>12.7\u201325.4 mm 1103 \/ 1034<\/b> \u00b7 <b>25.4\u201338.1 mm 1069 \/ 1000<\/b> \u00b7 <b>38.1\u201350.8 mm 1034 \/ 965<\/b> \u00b7 <b>50.8\u201376.2 mm 965 \/ 896<\/b> \u00b7 <b>76.2\u2013101.6 mm 896 \/ 827 MPa<\/b> (elongation 10 %, 8 % above 76 mm; RoA 20 %). <b>At 100 mm diameter STA falls to annealed Grade 5 level \u2014 heavy-section STA stops making sense<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>Atmosphere<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>The decisive item for ELI.<\/b> Any heat treatment in air produces <b>alpha case<\/b> \u2014 raising oxygen exactly where you paid to lower it. <b>Vacuum or inert atmosphere is mandatory<\/b>; if done in air the case <b>must be removed<\/b>. The producer recommends removing <b>0.038 mm<\/b> after mill annealing. Hydrogen pickup is corrected by <b>vacuum degassing<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 12px;font-size:15px;line-height:1.75;\"><b>The good news on thermal stability:<\/b> Ti-6Al-4V has no sigma phase, no ordering embrittlement and no carbide sensitisation. <b>The real risks are three:<\/b> <b>(1)<\/b> <b>interstitial contamination<\/b> at every hot operation; <b>(2)<\/b> accidentally crossing the \u03b2 transus \u2014 <b>in ELI that threshold is about 20 \u00b0C lower than in Grade 5<\/b>; <b>(3)<\/b> <b>Ti\u2083Al (\u03b1\u2082) precipitation<\/b> after long exposure at high temperature.<\/p>\n<h4 id=\"dm-b8\" style=\"font-size:19px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;margin:30px 0 10px;line-height:1.35;\">Welding<\/h4>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 12px;font-size:15px;line-height:1.75;\"><b>One of ELI&#8217;s least discussed but most real advantages is welding.<\/b> Weld embrittlement in titanium comes from interstitial pickup; <b>if the base metal already starts low, there is more margin in the total interstitial budget<\/b>. Under the same shielding regime an ELI weld is <b>more ductile and tougher<\/b> than a standard Grade 5 weld. <b>This is why ERTi-23 filler is used deliberately even on Grade 5 base metal.<\/b><\/p>\n<div style=\"border:1px solid #d7dfe4;background:#ffffff;margin:24px 0 18px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\">\n<div style=\"background:#DD3333;color:#ffffff;font-size:13px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.04em;text-transform:uppercase;padding:10px 12px;line-height:1.35;\">Welding Parameters and Rules \u00b7 Ti-6Al-4V ELI<\/div>\n<p><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<table style=\"border-collapse:collapse;width:100%;font-size:15px;line-height:1.5;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>Process<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>GTAW (TIG) dominates.<\/b> GMAW for heavy sections; plasma, electron beam, laser, spot, resistance and diffusion welding all work. <b>The material welds easily in the annealed condition.<\/b> <b>SMAW and oxy-acetylene are NOT used<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\"><b>Filler metal<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\"><b>AWS A5.16 ERTi-23<\/b> (AMS 4956) \u2014 matching ELI filler. The matching filler for Grade 5 base metal is <b>ERTi-5<\/b> (AMS 4954); but <b>ERTi-23 is preferred for a more ductile, tougher weld<\/b>. <b>Critical rule: an unalloyed filler such as ERTi-2 makes the weld far weaker than Ti-6Al-4V base metal<\/b> \u2014 consider it only where strength is not required<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>Shielding gas \u00b7 triple shielding<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>Pure argon<\/b> (or argon-helium); purity <b>99.999 % (5.0) ideal<\/b>, <b>99.995 % the floor<\/b>. <b>No mixture containing CO\u2082 or oxygen.<\/b> A gas lens and a large cup (<b>#12\u2013#16<\/b>) are essential. Three layers: <b>torch<\/b> \u00b7 <b>trailing shield<\/b> (until the bead cools) \u00b7 <b>back purge<\/b> (<b>mandatory<\/b> on pipe)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\"><b>Colour acceptance<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\"><b>Bright silver<\/b> = perfect \u00b7 <b>light straw<\/b> = acceptable \u00b7 <b>blue \/ purple<\/b> = <b>rejected by most specifications<\/b> \u00b7 <b>grey \/ white powdery<\/b> = <b>scrap<\/b> (alpha case). <b>Buying ELI and then accepting a blue bead throws the premium away<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>Cleanliness \u00b7 preheat<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">Degrease with acetone or MEK, then use brushes and wheels <b>dedicated to titanium only<\/b>. <b>Iron contamination causes galvanic attack<\/b>; <b>fingerprints cause porosity<\/b>. <b>No preheat<\/b>; interpass temperature and heat input stay low<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\"><b>After welding<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\"><b>Stress relief is recommended<\/b> (480\u2013650 \u00b0C), in a protective atmosphere or vacuum. For fracture-critical parts, <b>a full post-weld heat treatment<\/b> should be considered<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>Effect on toughness<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>Measured:<\/b> in an electron beam weld, <b>HAZ-boundary fracture toughness fell 16 %<\/b>. &#8220;We used ELI, so we have no toughness problem&#8221; <b>does not hold at the weld line<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<h4 id=\"dm-b9\" style=\"font-size:19px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;margin:30px 0 10px;line-height:1.35;\">Machining<\/h4>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 12px;font-size:15px;line-height:1.75;\"><b>Ti-6Al-4V is one of the most difficult materials routinely machined in industry; its machinability rating is given as 22 % of AISI B1112 steel.<\/b> The cause is not hardness. Thermal conductivity is <b>6.6\u20137.5 W\/m\u00b7K<\/b> \u2014 the heat generated in the cut does not leave with the chip, it <b>stays at the tool tip<\/b>. Hot titanium reacts with carbide and wears the tool <b>chemically<\/b>; and on top of that comes the low modulus: <b>the part springs away from the tool<\/b>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 12px;font-size:15px;line-height:1.75;\"><b>A reassuring note: there is no practical difference in machining parameters between ELI and Grade 5.<\/b> ELI is slightly softer and more ductile, so it is <b>marginally gummier<\/b>. <b>The ELI premium comes from melting discipline and documentation, not from manufacturing difficulty.<\/b><\/p>\n<div style=\"border:1px solid #d7dfe4;background:#ffffff;margin:24px 0 18px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\">\n<div style=\"background:#DD3333;color:#ffffff;font-size:13px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.04em;text-transform:uppercase;padding:10px 12px;line-height:1.35;\">Starting Parameters \u00b7 Ti-6Al-4V and ELI<\/div>\n<p><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<table style=\"border-collapse:collapse;width:100%;font-size:15px;line-height:1.5;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>Cutting speed \u00b7 feed<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">With carbide <b>45\u2013100 m\/min<\/b> (60\u2013120 for unalloyed CP titanium). <b>0.08\u20130.15 mm per tooth<\/b>; <b>never feed lightly<\/b> \u2014 a thin chip keeps heat in the cut. <b>Classic prescription: low speed, heavy feed, rigid clamping, copious fluid<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\"><b>Tooling<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\"><b>Fine-grain carbide (0.5\u20130.8 \u00b5m), 6\u20138 % cobalt.<\/b> <b>AlTiN PVD coating or uncoated<\/b>; <b>CVD coatings are not recommended<\/b>. <b>Sharp, positive-rake<\/b> geometry is essential<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>Coolant \u00b7 rigidity<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>Through-tool delivery at 70 bar and above; external coolant never reaches the cutting zone.<\/b> Fluid must be <b>non-chlorinated<\/b>. With half the modulus of steel, <b>workpiece and fixture rigidity are critical<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\"><b>Surface integrity<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\"><b>The decisive item on fatigue-critical and implant parts.<\/b> An overheated or dull tool leaves <b>white layer and residual tensile stress<\/b>, erasing ELI&#8217;s fatigue advantage in one stroke. <b>Final pass light, tool sharp, shot peen where required<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>FIRE WARNING<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>Fine titanium chips and dust are flammable and are not extinguished by water.<\/b> Do not let chips accumulate; keep a <b>Class D extinguisher<\/b> on hand<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<h4 id=\"dm-b10\" style=\"font-size:19px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;margin:30px 0 10px;line-height:1.35;\">Corrosion \u2014 Where It Excels, and WHERE IT FAILS<\/h4>\n<p><!-- dm-diy-kars --><\/p>\n<div style=\"border:1px solid #e3e9ec;margin:22px 0 26px;background:#fff;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\">\n<div style=\"background:#12303f;color:#fff;padding:9px 14px;font-size:14px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.3px;position:relative;z-index:2;\">COMPARISON<\/div>\n<div style=\"position:relative;z-index:2;\">\n<div style=\"padding:10px 14px 0;font-size:12.5px;color:#5b7180;line-height:1.7;\">A single criterion: SPECIFICATION CEILINGS and SPECIFICATION FLOORS (not typicals). Chemical ceilings from Table 1 of ASTM B265 \/ B348, tensile values from Table 2; the implant rows from ASTM F1472 and ASTM F136. The product condition is annealed. Producer typicals run above these floors.<\/div>\n<div style=\"padding:12px 12px 2px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\"><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"overflow-x:auto;position:relative;z-index:2;\">\n<table style=\"width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:13.5px;min-width:430px;background:transparent;\">\n<tr>\n<th style=\"padding:7px 9px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:#12303f;background:#F2F6F8;border:1px solid #eceff1;\">Grade<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding:7px 9px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:#12303f;background:#F2F6F8;border:1px solid #eceff1;\">UNS<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding:7px 9px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:#12303f;background:#F2F6F8;border:1px solid #eceff1;\">W.-Nr.<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding:7px 9px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:#12303f;background:#F2F6F8;border:1px solid #eceff1;\">Standard<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding:7px 9px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:#12303f;background:#F2F6F8;border:1px solid #eceff1;\">Aluminium<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding:7px 9px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:#12303f;background:#F2F6F8;border:1px solid #eceff1;\">Vanadium<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding:7px 9px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:#12303f;background:#F2F6F8;border:1px solid #eceff1;\">Oxygen max<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding:7px 9px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:#12303f;background:#F2F6F8;border:1px solid #eceff1;\">Iron max<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding:7px 9px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:#12303f;background:#F2F6F8;border:1px solid #eceff1;\">Nitrogen max<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding:7px 9px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:#12303f;background:#F2F6F8;border:1px solid #eceff1;\">Carbon max<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding:7px 9px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:#12303f;background:#F2F6F8;border:1px solid #eceff1;\">Hydrogen max<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding:7px 9px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:#12303f;background:#F2F6F8;border:1px solid #eceff1;\">Tensile min MPa<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding:7px 9px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:#12303f;background:#F2F6F8;border:1px solid #eceff1;\">Yield min MPa<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding:7px 9px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:#12303f;background:#F2F6F8;border:1px solid #eceff1;\">Elongation min<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding:7px 9px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:#12303f;background:#F2F6F8;border:1px solid #eceff1;\">Note<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">Ti Grade 5 (Ti-6Al-4V)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">UNS R56400<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">3.7165<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">ASTM B265 \/ B348 Grade 5<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">5.5-6.75%<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">3.5-4.5%<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">0.20%<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">0.40%<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">0.05%<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">0.08%<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">0.015%<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">895<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">828<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">10%<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">Aerospace structural grade. Gains strength by solution treating and ageing (STA).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">Ti Grade 23 (Ti-6Al-4V ELI)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">UNS R56407<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">3.7165<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">ASTM B265 \/ B348 Grade 23<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">5.5-6.5%<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">3.5-4.5%<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">0.13%<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">0.25%<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">0.03%<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">0.08%<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">0.0125%<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">828<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">759<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">10%<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">ELI = Extra Low Interstitial. Interstitial elements are cut back for fracture toughness and cryogenic behaviour.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">Ti-6Al-4V &#8211; surgical implant (ASTM F1472)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">UNS R56400<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">&#8211;<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">ASTM F1472<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">5.5-6.75%<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">3.5-4.5%<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">0.20%<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">0.30%<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">0.05%<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">0.08%<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">0.015%<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">930<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">860<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">10%<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">The iron ceiling drops from 0.40% in B348 to 0.30%. THIS ROW RESTS ON A SINGLE SOURCE (GE Additive \/ Arcam).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">Ti-6Al-4V ELI &#8211; surgical implant (ASTM F136)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">UNS R56401<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">&#8211;<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">ASTM F136<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">5.5-6.5%<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">3.5-4.5%<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">0.13%<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">0.25%<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">0.05%<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">0.08%<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">0.012%<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">860<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">795<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">10%<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">The NITROGEN ceiling is HIGHER than in B265\/B348 Grade 23 (0.05% against 0.03%); the hydrogen ceiling is lower (0.012%).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"padding:10px 12px 2px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\"><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"position:relative;z-index:2;\">\n<div style=\"font-size:13.5px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;margin:6px 0 6px;\">Additional information<\/div>\n<table style=\"width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:13.5px;background:transparent;\">\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Iliski<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">THE TWO GRADES ARE THE SAME ALLOY: the Al and V ranges are almost identical (the upper Al limit drops from 6.75% to 6.5%). THE DIFFERENCE LIES ONLY IN THE INTERSTITIAL CEILINGS: oxygen falls from 0.20% to 0.13% (-35%), iron from 0.40% to 0.25% (-37.5%), nitrogen from 0.05% to 0.03% (-40%) and hydrogen from 0.015% to 0.0125% (-17%). The price is strength: the minimum tensile falls from 895 MPa to 828 MPa (-7.5%) and the minimum yield from 828 MPa to 759 MPa (-8.3%). What is bought is fracture toughness, fatigue crack growth resistance and low-temperature ductility.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Mechanism<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">Oxygen and nitrogen enter the octahedral interstitial sites of the hexagonal close-packed alpha lattice and create an asymmetric lattice distortion; the resulting stress field impedes dislocation glide (interstitial solid solution strengthening). Strength rises while the capacity for plastic deformation at a crack tip falls, so fracture toughness and low-temperature ductility go down. Iron stabilises the beta phase and can segregate to grain boundaries. That is why all four ceilings are lowered together in ELI; ELI is NOT a separate alloy but the same alloy held to a narrower interstitial band.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Warning<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">THE UNS NUMBERS ARE EASILY CONFUSED: Grade 5 = R56400. On the ELI side there are TWO numbers &#8211; ASTM B265 \/ B348 Grade 23 = UNS R56407, and ASTM F136 (surgical implants) = UNS R56401. They are the same alloy but the nitrogen and hydrogen ceilings differ. If an order says only &#8216;Ti-6Al-4V ELI&#8217; it is undefined which ceiling applies; the specification number and the grade number must be written together.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"padding:6px 14px 12px;font-size:12px;color:#5b7180;line-height:1.7;border-top:1px solid #f0f3f5;position:relative;z-index:2;\">The iron ceiling in the ASTM F1472 row (0.30%) and the tensile\/yield floors in the ASTM F136 row (860 \/ 795 MPa) come from a SINGLE SOURCE (GE Additive \/ Arcam); they were not confirmed by four sources. The ASTM B265 \/ B348 Grade 23 floors (828 \/ 759 MPa) were verified by two independent sources (TIMET, United Performance Metals); four sources could not be reached. The United Performance Metals table shows that ASTM F136 gives lower values for heavy sections (above 44.45 mm); the card does not write a single floor.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><!-- \/dm-diy-kars --><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 12px;font-size:15px;line-height:1.75;\"><b>An honest frame first: the corrosion resistance of Ti-6Al-4V is close to that of unalloyed titanium but not identical to it.<\/b> Protection again comes from the surface <b>TiO\u2082 passive film<\/b>, which repairs itself within seconds given <b>ppm levels of moisture or oxygen<\/b>. Aluminium and vanadium do not disrupt that film; but <b>crack sensitivity, crevice corrosion thresholds and hydrogen behaviour are somewhat more complex in the alloyed grade<\/b>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:18px 0 6px;font-size:15px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;line-height:1.5;\">ELI&#8217;s real advantage on the corrosion side<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 12px;font-size:15px;line-height:1.75;\"><b>This is ELI&#8217;s least known but best documented superiority.<\/b> A titanium producer states in its own corrosion manual that <b>&#8220;6-4 ELI (low oxygen content) is considered one of the best of the high strength titanium-base alloys for seawater service&#8221;<\/b>. The reason is not the general corrosion rate \u2014 both grades are excellent there \u2014 but <b>resistance to stress corrosion cracking in pre-cracked specimens<\/b>. High-oxygen Ti-6Al-4V can show SCC susceptibility in seawater when pre-cracked, whereas <b>ELI is markedly more resistant under the same conditions<\/b>. <b>This is why ELI is preferred in deep-sea, submarine and offshore hardware, and it is an argument separate from the toughness one.<\/b><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:18px 0 6px;font-size:15px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;line-height:1.5;\">Where it excels<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 12px;font-size:15px;line-height:1.75;\"><b>Seawater:<\/b> negligible corrosion <b>to 260 \u00b0C (500 \u00b0F)<\/b>; no pitting, no attack even under biofouling. <b>Fatigue:<\/b> titanium suffers <b>no significant loss of fatigue strength in seawater<\/b>. <b>Erosion-corrosion:<\/b> withstands flow velocities of <b>30 m\/s<\/b>.<br \/><b>Oxidising environments:<\/b> nitric acid, oxidising chlorides, chlorinated water, hypochlorite, chlorine dioxide, chlorate, perchlorate \u2014 <b>full resistance<\/b>.<br \/><b>Body fluid:<\/b> biocompatibility and passive film stability underpin ELI&#8217;s position in the implant market; <b>being non-magnetic gives MR compatibility<\/b>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:18px 0 6px;font-size:15px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;line-height:1.5;\">WHERE IT FAILS \u2014 this section is mandatory<\/p>\n<div style=\"border:1px solid #d7dfe4;background:#ffffff;margin:24px 0 18px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\">\n<div style=\"background:#DD3333;color:#ffffff;font-size:13px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.04em;text-transform:uppercase;padding:10px 12px;line-height:1.35;\">Environments Where Titanium Fails (with numerical limits)<\/div>\n<p><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<table style=\"border-collapse:collapse;width:100%;font-size:15px;line-height:1.5;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>Hydrofluoric acid and free fluoride<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>ABSOLUTE PROHIBITION.<\/b> Titanium <b>corrodes rapidly even at very dilute concentrations<\/b>; <b>it is not used in any fluoride-bearing solution at pH &lt; 7<\/b>. Fluorine gas is likewise not recommended. Fully complexed fluorides pose no risk. <b>This is titanium&#8217;s number one disqualifier<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\"><b>Reducing acids<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">Unalloyed titanium withstands about <b>7 % HCl<\/b> and <b>5 % H\u2082SO\u2084<\/b> at room temperature; near boiling this <b>falls considerably<\/b> (high rates in boiling sulphuric even around <b>0.5 %<\/b>). In phosphoric: <b>30 %<\/b> at room temperature, <b>~10 %<\/b> at 60 \u00b0C, <b>~2 %<\/b> at 100 \u00b0C. <b>Ti-6Al-4V is no better<\/b>; reducing acid duty is <b>Grade 7 or Grade 12<\/b> work<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>DRY CHLORINE<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>Dry chlorine attacks titanium rapidly and can cause IGNITION if the moisture content is very low.<\/b> Threshold: about <b>1 % water<\/b> is generally sufficient for passivation under static conditions at room temperature; <b>approximately 1.5 % moisture is required at 199 \u00b0C<\/b>. <b>In wet chlorine titanium is excellent<\/b> \u2014 the difference between two states of the same gas is the most dangerous misconception about titanium. The same rule applies to <b>bromine and iodine<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\"><b>Red fuming nitric acid<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\"><b>ABSOLUTE PROHIBITION.<\/b> <b>A pyrophoric reaction product forms and has caused serious accidents.<\/b> Published threshold: the pyrophoric reaction develops when <b>water content is below 1.34 % AND NO\u2082 content is above 6 %<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>Anhydrous methanol<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>Titanium suffers stress corrosion cracking in methanol whose water content is below 1.5 %.<\/b> This is <b>the most important exception<\/b> to the generalisation that titanium is immune to SCC in aqueous service. Anhydrous halogenated organics and <b>nitrogen tetroxide<\/b> also carry risk<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\"><b>Crevice corrosion<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">In neutral saturated chloride, attack appears <b>at about 93 \u00b0C (200 \u00b0F) and above<\/b>; <b>unlikely below 70 \u00b0C<\/b>. Practical seawater threshold <b>~82 \u00b0C (180 \u00b0F)<\/b>, <b>falling as acidity rises<\/b>. Gr 12 and Gr 7 show none to <b>316 \u00b0C (600 \u00b0F)<\/b>. <b>Ti-6Al-4V is not the right choice for a hot gasketed flange<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>Hydrogen embrittlement<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">Three conditions <b>together<\/b>: <b>(1)<\/b> temperature <b>above 77 \u00b0C (170 \u00b0F)<\/b>; <b>(2)<\/b> <b>pH &lt; 3 or pH &gt; 12<\/b>, or a surface damaged by abrasion; <b>(3)<\/b> impressed potential <b>more negative than \u22120.70 V<\/b>. Solubility limit <b>~100\u2013150 ppm<\/b>; several hundred ppm means embrittlement. <b>ELI&#8217;s lower hydrogen ceiling is a direct margin advantage<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\"><b>Galvanic couples<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\"><b>Titanium is noble in seawater and the CATHODE in nearly every couple.<\/b> It is not harmed itself but <b>ACCELERATES corrosion of coupled aluminium, zinc, magnesium, carbon steel and some stainless steels<\/b> \u2014 and being cathodic it <b>charges itself with hydrogen<\/b>. Rule: single-metal construction; otherwise insulate, cathodically protect, or use <b>small titanium area, large less-noble area<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>Pure oxygen \u00b7 fire<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>Titanium can ignite and burn in high-pressure oxygen.<\/b> Threshold: <b>ignition cannot be induced even at very high pressure when the oxygen content is below 35 %<\/b>; but <b>once started it propagates at far lower oxygen levels<\/b>. <b>It requires a separate engineering assessment<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\"><b>Hot salt SCC (&gt;250 \u00b0C)<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\"><b>Here Ti-6Al-4V is in a different position from unalloyed titanium.<\/b> With halide salt deposit, stress and <b>250\u2013500 \u00b0C<\/b> present together, SCC can be produced in the laboratory in \u03b1+\u03b2 and near-\u03b1 alloys; published tests ran in the <b>320\u2013480 \u00b0C<\/b> band at 70\u2013830 MN\/m\u00b2 over 96 hours. <b>Mill-annealed Ti-6Al-4V was relatively RESISTANT among those tested<\/b> (&#8220;threshold stresses are greater than design stresses&#8221;); the worst was Ti-8Al-1Mo-1V. <b>Even so, a salty fingerprint plus a 300 \u00b0C furnace is an avoidable risk<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>Wear and galling<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>Not a corrosion item but equally important:<\/b> the producer states plainly that the alloy is <b>&#8220;not recommended for wear applications&#8221;<\/b> and notes its <b>galling tendency<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\"><b>Anhydrous conditions<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\"><b>The passive film either never forms or cannot repair; corrosion is then rapid.<\/b> <b>Titanium needs water<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<h4 id=\"dm-b11\" style=\"font-size:19px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;margin:30px 0 10px;line-height:1.35;\">Frequently Asked Questions<\/h4>\n<p style=\"margin:18px 0 6px;font-size:15px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;line-height:1.5;\">We use Grade 5. How much is it worth paying to move to Grade 23?<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 12px;font-size:15px;line-height:1.75;\"><b>There is one honest criterion: what is the failure mode of the part?<\/b><br \/><b>If the part is sized by static strength, the switch is harmful.<\/b> ELI&#8217;s specification minimums are <b>67 MPa lower in tensile and 69 MPa lower in yield<\/b> (7.5 % and 8.3 %). To carry the same load you must increase section, weight goes up, and on top of that you pay <b>1.2\u20131.5\u00d7 more per kilogram<\/b> \u2014 a loss on both sides.<br \/><b>If the part is limited by crack growth, cyclic load or low temperature, the switch is a real and measurable gain.<\/b> Fracture toughness rises markedly (measured ELI values are of the order of <b>~100\u2013110 MPa\u221am<\/b> at room temperature), damage tolerance improves, cryogenic behaviour improves, the weld is more ductile, and SCC resistance in pre-cracked seawater specimens rises.<br \/><b>And there is a third category: regulatory necessity.<\/b> For load-bearing implants the choice is no longer engineering but compliance \u2014 the <b>ASTM F136<\/b> route is required; cryogenic and fracture-critical aerospace specifications likewise <b>mandate ELI outright<\/b>.<br \/><b>In short:<\/b> buy it not as &#8220;the better material&#8221; but as <b>&#8220;the right material for my failure mode&#8221;<\/b>. The price difference comes from <b>melting discipline, traceability and documentation<\/b>, not from manufacturing difficulty.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:18px 0 6px;font-size:15px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;line-height:1.5;\">Are ASTM B348 Grade 23 and ASTM F136 the same material? Can I substitute one for the other?<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 12px;font-size:15px;line-height:1.75;\"><b>Same alloy, different document \u2014 and no, they are not interchangeable.<\/b><br \/><b>The differences are concrete.<\/b> First, the <b>UNS number<\/b>: the B-series says <b>R56407<\/b> for Grade 23, F136 says <b>R56401<\/b>. Second, <b>nitrogen<\/b>: ASTM Grade 23 says <b>0.03 %<\/b>, while two independent producer sheets give <b>0.05 %<\/b> for F136 \u2014 <b>the implant standard is looser on this one item<\/b>. Third, and most important: <b>F136 goes beyond chemistry<\/b>. It imposes microstructure, grain size, \u03b1-phase morphology, surface condition and a full traceability chain. None of that is in B348.<br \/><b>The practical consequence runs both ways.<\/b> <b>A bar certified to B348 Grade 23 cannot be used in an implant that requires F136<\/b> \u2014 even if the chemistry conforms, the microstructure and traceability evidence are missing. In the other direction, <b>F136 material is more than adequate for industrial work but needlessly expensive<\/b>; and because its nitrogen ceiling is looser, <b>it may not automatically satisfy an aerospace specification that demands tight nitrogen<\/b>.<br \/><b>Ordering rule:<\/b> write the specification of the target application; do not settle for the words &#8220;Grade 23&#8221; or &#8220;ELI&#8221;. For medical work, <b>&#8220;ASTM F136&#8221;<\/b>; for industrial or aerospace work, <b>&#8220;ASTM B348 Grade 23, UNS R56407&#8221;<\/b> plus the numerical interstitial ceilings required.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:18px 0 6px;font-size:15px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;line-height:1.5;\">We are building a cryogenic pressure vessel. Is ELI mandatory?<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 12px;font-size:15px;line-height:1.75;\"><b>Yes \u2014 and this is the least disputable justification for ELI.<\/b><br \/>Titanium gains strength at low temperature but loses toughness, and <b>the size of that loss scales directly with interstitial content<\/b>. This is not a matter of preference but measured material behaviour: ELI&#8217;s fracture toughness falls from <b>~100\u2013110 MPa\u221am<\/b> at room temperature to <b>~60.8 MPa\u221am at 76 K (\u2212197 \u00b0C)<\/b> \u2014 more than half is retained \u2014 with <b>an abrupt transition between 76 and 125 K<\/b>. Standard Grade 5 follows the same curve from a far lower starting point.<br \/><b>Three practical warnings.<\/b> First, <b>welding<\/b>: in the same study electron beam welding cut HAZ-boundary toughness by <b>16 %<\/b>; a cryogenic vessel must be designed from that reduced value, not from the base metal. Second, <b>hydrogen<\/b>: ELI&#8217;s hydrogen ceiling is lower than Grade 5&#8217;s and that margin is valuable in cryogenic hydrogen service \u2014 ask for the actual measured value on the certificate, not just the ceiling. Third, <b>ASME<\/b>: if this is to be a code vessel, <b>a II-D listing for Grade 23 could not be verified<\/b>; the code route must be addressed separately.<br \/><b>And a specification-writing rule:<\/b> writing &#8220;Ti-6Al-4V&#8221; without stating ELI gives the supplier the right to ship standard Grade 5. <b>A cryogenic specification must state the grade number and the numerical oxygen ceiling explicitly.<\/b><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:18px 0 6px;font-size:15px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;line-height:1.5;\">Can I solution treat and age ELI to harden it?<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 12px;font-size:15px;line-height:1.75;\"><b>Technically yes; commercially usually wrong.<\/b><br \/>Ti-6Al-4V is an \u03b1+\u03b2 alloy that hardens by heat treatment. The typical Grade 5 route is <b>solution treatment at 913\u2013954 \u00b0C for 1 hour with a water quench<\/b>, then <b>ageing at 524\u2013552 \u00b0C for 4\u20138 hours<\/b>; hardness rises from 30\u201334 HRC to <b>35\u201339 HRC<\/b>.<br \/><b>But doing this to ELI takes back the reason you bought it.<\/b> STA raises strength and <b>lowers fracture toughness<\/b> \u2014 you spend on heat treatment the premium you paid to remove 700 ppm of oxygen. That is why the ELI specifications (AMS 4907 \/ 4930 \/ 4931) cover the <b>annealed<\/b> condition while the STA specification <b>AMS 4965 is a Grade 5 document<\/b>.<br \/><b>Two further warnings.<\/b> <b>Section thickness:<\/b> the AMS 4965 minimums fall with section \u2014 <b>1138 MPa at \u226412.7 mm<\/b> but <b>896 MPa at 76\u2013102 mm<\/b>, i.e. down to <b>annealed Grade 5 level<\/b>; in heavy section the money spent on STA is wasted. <b>\u03b2 transus:<\/b> ELI&#8217;s transus is <b>about 20 \u00b0C lower<\/b> than Grade 5&#8217;s, so a solution-treatment recipe written for Grade 5 can accidentally take ELI into the \u03b2 field. <b>Furnace recipes must be written per grade.<\/b><br \/><b>If high strength is genuinely required, the right answer is usually not to harden ELI but to buy STA Grade 5.<\/b> Where a fracture-critical part needs higher performance, the correct ELI route is <b>\u03b2 annealing or recrystallisation annealing<\/b> \u2014 those raise toughness rather than lowering it.<\/p>\n<h4 id=\"dm-b12\" style=\"font-size:19px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;margin:30px 0 10px;line-height:1.35;\">Common Datasheet Errors and Purchasing Traps<\/h4>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 12px;font-size:15px;line-height:1.75;\"><b>1. Grade 5 mechanical data printed under a Grade 23 heading \u2014 THE MOST COMMON ERROR.<\/b> If a page shows <b>tensile \u2265895 MPa, yield \u2265828 MPa<\/b> under a &#8220;Grade 23 \/ ELI&#8221; heading, <b>that is Grade 5 data<\/b>. The ASTM minimums for Grade 23 are <b>\u2265828 \/ \u2265759 MPa<\/b>. <b>A buyer who sees 828 MPa yield never learns that ELI is weaker and builds the design on the wrong basis.<\/b><br \/><b>2. &#8220;ISO 5832-3 = ELI&#8221; \u2014 WRONG, and expensive.<\/b> The composition table of ISO 5832-3 gives <b>O \u22640.20 %, Fe \u22640.30 %, Al 5.5\u20136.75 %<\/b>, i.e. <b>standard Grade 5<\/b>. The standard only carries a <b>note<\/b> that &#8220;a grade with more restrictive limits of oxygen and iron is known under the term ELI&#8221;. <b>Writing &#8220;ISO 5832-3&#8221; on an implant order does not mean asking for ELI.<\/b><br \/><b>3. &#8220;W.Nr. 3.7235&#8221; shown as ELI \u2014 WRONG.<\/b> <b>3.7235 is Titanium Grade 7 (Ti-0.2Pd, UNS R52400)<\/b>, palladium-bearing <b>unalloyed<\/b> titanium. Five independent European suppliers list it that way. It has nothing to do with Ti-6Al-4V.<br \/><b>4. Attributing a separate Werkstoffnummer to ELI.<\/b> In Europe Grade 23 also uses <b>3.7165<\/b> \u2014 <b>the same number as Grade 5<\/b>. <b>3.7164<\/b> is also Ti-6Al-4V (the aerospace number). <b>ELI cannot be ordered by W.Nr.<\/b>; the grade number or specification name is required.<br \/><b>5. Treating R56401 and R56407 as identical, or one of them as &#8220;wrong&#8221;.<\/b> <b>Both are real and belong to different documents:<\/b> the current ASTM B-series scope texts number Grade 23 as <b>R56407<\/b>, while ASTM F136 numbers it <b>R56401<\/b>. <b>Do not use a UNS number alone on an order.<\/b><br \/><b>6. Assuming F136 and ASTM Grade 23 are identical.<\/b> The nitrogen ceiling differs (<b>0.05 % for F136 \u00b7 0.03 % for ASTM Grade 23<\/b>), the hydrogen ceiling varies by publisher, and <b>F136 imposes microstructure, grain size and traceability requirements beyond chemistry<\/b>. Neither substitutes for the other.<br \/><b>7. &#8220;ASTM B338 Grade 23 tube&#8221; \u2014 WRONG.<\/b> <b>B338 contains no Ti-6Al-4V at all<\/b> \u2014 neither Grade 5 nor Grade 23. Its 28 grades are the unalloyed, Pd\/Ru-bearing, Gr 9 and Gr 12 grades.<br \/><b>8. Offering an &#8220;ELI casting&#8221;.<\/b> The only Ti-6Al-4V casting grade in ASTM B367 is <b>C-5 (R56409)<\/b>, and it is the <b>standard Grade 5 composition<\/b>. <b>No standardised ELI casting grade exists.<\/b><br \/><b>9. Confusion matching AMS numbers to grades.<\/b> <b>ELI:<\/b> AMS <b>4907<\/b> (sheet\/plate), <b>4930<\/b> (bar, wire, forgings, rings), <b>4931<\/b>, <b>4996<\/b> (billet), <b>6932<\/b>, <b>4956<\/b> (wire). <b>Grade 5:<\/b> AMS <b>4911<\/b> (sheet\/plate), <b>4928<\/b> (bar\/forging), <b>4967<\/b>, <b>4965<\/b> (STA), <b>4954<\/b> (wire), <b>4985<\/b> (castings). <b>Citing AMS 4911 or 4928 as an ELI document is a common error.<\/b><br \/><b>10. Citing AMS 4965 for ELI.<\/b> <b>AMS 4965 is a Grade 5 STA document<\/b> and contradicts ELI&#8217;s annealed philosophy. Its minimums also <b>fall markedly with section<\/b>: 1138 MPa at \u226412.7 mm, 896 MPa at 76\u2013102 mm.<br \/><b>11. The \u03b2 transus habit.<\/b> &#8220;The \u03b2 transus of Ti-6Al-4V is 995 \u00b0C&#8221; is approximately right <b>for Grade 5<\/b> (~982\u20131010 \u00b0C); <b>for ELI the transus is LOWER<\/b> (~963\u2013991 \u00b0C). The reason is metallurgical: oxygen is an \u03b1 stabiliser. <b>A furnace recipe written for Grade 5 can take ELI into the \u03b2 field.<\/b><br \/><b>12. Dropping the iron and aluminium limits.<\/b> Iron: ASTM <b>0.40 %<\/b> for Grade 5, AMS and European practice <b>0.30 %<\/b>, Grade 23 <b>0.25 %<\/b> on both routes \u2014 <b>for an aerospace buyer that is the accept\/reject line<\/b>. Aluminium: <b>Grade 5 5.50\u20136.75 % \u00b7 Grade 23 5.50\u20136.50 %<\/b>, narrowed at the top because high aluminium promotes Ti\u2083Al (\u03b1\u2082).<br \/><b>13. &#8220;ELI is better in every respect&#8221; \u2014 WRONG.<\/b> ELI is <b>weaker on specification<\/b> (67 MPa in tensile, 69 MPa in yield), more expensive and harder to source. <b>Buy it only when fracture toughness, damage tolerance, cryogenic behaviour or regulatory compliance require it.<\/b><br \/><b>14. &#8220;ELI is only a medical grade&#8221; \u2014 WRONG, and it loses business.<\/b> Its strongest technical justifications are <b>cryogenic service, deep-sea hardware and fracture-critical aerospace parts<\/b>; a producer calls ELI <b>&#8220;one of the best of the high strength titanium-base alloys for seawater service&#8221;<\/b>.<br \/><b>15. Mistaking density and conductivity spreads for a grade difference.<\/b> Density is published as <b>4.42 \/ 4.43 \/ 4.47 g\/cm\u00b3<\/b> and thermal conductivity as <b>5.8 \/ 6.6 \/ 6.7 \/ 7.5 W\/m\u00b7K<\/b>. <b>These are measurement and rounding differences, not the Grade 5 \/ Grade 23 difference.<\/b><br \/><b>16. &#8220;We used ELI, so we have no toughness problem&#8221; \u2014 invalid at the weld line.<\/b> Measured data: in an electron beam weld, <b>fracture toughness at the HAZ boundary fell 16 %<\/b>. In a welded structure the design follows the value <b>at the joint<\/b>.<br \/><b>17. Confusing ELI and standard grade in additive manufacturing.<\/b> Powder bed fusion has separate standards: <b>ASTM F3001 = ELI<\/b>, <b>ASTM F2924 = standard Ti-6Al-4V<\/b>.<br \/><b>18. &#8220;Grade 23 is ASME approved&#8221; \u2014 incomplete.<\/b> <b>SB-265 and SB-348 do include Grade 23 as a material specification<\/b>; but <b>the II Part D allowable stress listing required for code design could not be verified<\/b>. The Titanium Association&#8217;s presentation speaks of 17 approved grades for VIII-1 and shows <b>Gr 1, 2, 2H, 12, 28<\/b>; <b>Ti-6Al-4V is not mentioned<\/b>.<br \/><b>19. Dropping the wear and galling warning.<\/b> The producer states plainly that the alloy is <b>&#8220;not recommended for wear applications&#8221;<\/b>. Sliding titanium-on-titanium contact must be avoided.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/dm-zengin --><\/p>\n<div class=\"dm-benzer\" style=\"margin:22px 0 0;padding:14px 16px;border:1px solid #e0e0e0;background:#FBFCFD;\">\n<p style=\"font-size:11px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.08em;text-transform:uppercase;color:#9aa3a8;margin:0 0 8px;line-height:1.4;\">Related grades<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0;font-size:15px;line-height:2;color:#333;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/en\/ti-grade-1\/\" style=\"color:#24BEE5;font-weight:600;text-decoration:none;\">Ti Grade 1<\/a> &nbsp;\u00b7&nbsp; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/en\/ti-grade-2\/\" style=\"color:#24BEE5;font-weight:600;text-decoration:none;\">Ti Grade 2<\/a> &nbsp;\u00b7&nbsp; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/en\/ti-grade-4\/\" style=\"color:#24BEE5;font-weight:600;text-decoration:none;\">Ti Grade 4<\/a> &nbsp;\u00b7&nbsp; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/en\/ti-grade-5-ti6al4v\/\" style=\"color:#24BEE5;font-weight:600;text-decoration:none;\">Ti Grade 5<\/a> &nbsp;\u00b7&nbsp; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/en\/titanium-alloys\/\" style=\"color:#666;font-weight:600;text-decoration:none;\">All titanium alloys \u2192<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p><!-- dm-ld --><script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"name\":\"Ti Grade 5 ELI\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/en\/ti-grade-5-eli\/\",\"inLanguage\":\"en\",\"description\":\"Titanium Grade 23, known commercially as Ti-6Al-4V ELI (\\\"Extra Low Interstitial\\\"), is the version of the world's most widely used titanium alloy in which the interstitial elements have been deliberately tightened.\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"name\":\"Defence Metal\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/\"},\"publisher\":{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"name\":\"Defence Metal\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/\"},\"mainEntity\":{\"@type\":\"DefinedTerm\",\"name\":\"Ti Grade 5 ELI\",\"description\":\"Titanium Grade 23, known commercially as Ti-6Al-4V ELI (\\\"Extra Low Interstitial\\\"), is the version of the world's most widely used titanium alloy in which the interstitial elements have been deliberately tightened.\",\"inDefinedTermSet\":{\"@type\":\"DefinedTermSet\",\"name\":\"Defence Metal - metals and alloys\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/\"},\"alternateName\":[\"UNS R56407\",\"W.Nr. 0.0125\"],\"identifier\":[{\"@type\":\"PropertyValue\",\"propertyID\":\"UNS\",\"value\":\"R56407\"},{\"@type\":\"PropertyValue\",\"propertyID\":\"Werkstoffnummer\",\"value\":\"0.0125\"}]}}<\/script><!-- \/dm-ld --><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Ti Grade 5 ELI \/ UNS R56401 DEFENCE METAL Ti Grade 5 ELI (ASTM Grade 23 \u00b7 Ti-6Al-4V ELI) ASTM Grade 23 \u00b7 Ti-6Al-4V ELI (Extra Low Interstitial) \u00b7 UNS R56407 (ASTM B265 \/ B348 Grade 23) and UNS R56401 (ASTM F136, surgical implants) \u00b7 W.Nr. 3.7165 \u00b7 ALPHA-BETA (two-phase) titanium alloy. IT IS THE &hellip; <\/p>\n<p class=\"link-more\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/en\/ti-grade-5-eli\/\" class=\"more-link\"><span class=\"screen-reader-text\"> &#8220;Ti Grade 5 ELI&#8221;<\/span>devam\u0131n\u0131 oku<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":3526,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_title":"TI GRADE 5 ELI \/ UNS R56401 | Defence Metal","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Ti Grade 5 ELI (UNS R56401) \u2014 extra low interstitial Ti-6Al-4V with high fracture toughness and biocompatibility for medical implants.","inspiro_hide_title":false,"inspiro_hide_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"dm_sektor":[10,9,16,11],"class_list":["post-3603","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>TI GRADE 5 ELI \/ UNS R56401 | Defence 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