{"id":3599,"date":"2026-09-16T11:04:52","date_gmt":"2026-09-16T08:04:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/en\/hastelloy-c-22\/"},"modified":"2026-09-25T16:26:43","modified_gmt":"2026-09-25T13:26:43","slug":"hastelloy-c-22","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/en\/hastelloy-c-22\/","title":{"rendered":"Hastelloy C-22"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><!-- dm-hap --><\/p>\n<h1 class=\"dm-ust-baslik\" style=\"font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,'Segoe UI',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif !important;text-transform:none !important;font-size:27px;line-height:1.3;font-weight:800;color:#12303f;margin:0 0 10px;letter-spacing:-.01em;\">Hastelloy C-22 \/ (2.4602) \/ UNS N06022 \/ AMS 5766<\/h1>\n<div style=\"border:1px solid #d7dfe4;background:#ffffff;margin:0 0 22px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\"><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"background:#12303f;padding:14px 16px 12px;position:relative;z-index:2;\">\n<div style=\"font-size:22px;font-weight:700;color:#fff;line-height:1.25;\">Hastelloy C-22<\/div>\n<div style=\"font-family:ui-monospace,Menlo,Consolas,monospace;font-size:12.5px;color:#b9cfdb;line-height:1.5;margin-top:5px;word-wrap:break-word;\">UNS N06022 \u00b7 W.Nr. 2.4602 \u00b7 NiCr21Mo14W (EN) \u00b7 NiCr21Mo14W3 (ISO) \u00b7 DIN 17744 \/ 17750-17754 \u00b7 Ni balance (~56%) \u2013 Cr 20.0-22.5% \u2013 Mo 12.5-14.5% \u2013 W 2.5-3.5% \u2013 Fe 2.0-6.0% \u2013 Co 2.5% max \u2013 C 0.015% max \u2013 Si 0.08% max \u2013 Mn 0.50% max \u2013 V 0.35% max \u2013 P 0.02% max \u2013 S 0.02% max. DO NOT CONFUSE IT WITH C-276: same family, but NOT the same alloy. The chromium ceiling of C-22 is 22.5%, that of C-276 is 16.5%; against that, the molybdenum of C-22 is 12.5-14.5% and that of C-276 is 15.0-17.0%. Chromium carries resistance in oxidizing media, molybdenum carries it in reducing media \u2014 that is exactly where the two alloys part company. Trade names: Hastelloy C-22 (Haynes International) \u00b7 VDM Alloy 22 \/ Nicrofer 5621 hMoW (VDM Metals) \u00b7 ATI 22 (ATI) \u00b7 Alloy 22 (Carpenter Technology, Corrosion Materials).<\/div>\n<div data-dmkars-blok=\"1\" style=\"border-top:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.16);margin-top:13px;padding-top:11px;\">\n<div style=\"font-size:10px;letter-spacing:.09em;text-transform:uppercase;color:#7f9fb0;font-weight:700;margin-bottom:8px;\">Not to be confused with<\/div>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/2026\/09\/15\/hastelloy-c-276-hastelloy-c-22-difference\/\" data-dmkars=\"1\" style=\"display:inline-block;padding:4px 11px;border:1px solid rgba(36,190,229,.45);background:rgba(36,190,229,.12);border-radius:99px;margin:0 6px 6px 0;font-size:12.5px;font-weight:600;color:#9fe2f7;text-decoration:none;\">Hastelloy C-276<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/2026\/09\/15\/hastelloy-c-22-hastelloy-c-2000-difference\/\" data-dmkars=\"1\" style=\"display:inline-block;padding:4px 11px;border:1px solid rgba(36,190,229,.45);background:rgba(36,190,229,.12);border-radius:99px;margin:0 6px 6px 0;font-size:12.5px;font-weight:600;color:#9fe2f7;text-decoration:none;\">Hastelloy C-2000<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"position:relative;z-index:2;\">\n<div style=\"display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">\n<div style=\"flex:0 0 118px;padding:11px 14px;background:#F7FAFB;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:.09em;text-transform:uppercase;color:#6b8091;font-weight:600;line-height:1.5;\">For what<\/div>\n<div style=\"flex:1 1 230px;min-width:0;padding:11px 14px;font-size:14.5px;line-height:1.7;color:#3d5260;word-wrap:break-word;overflow-wrap:break-word;\">Ni-Cr-Mo-W based SOLID SOLUTION alloy. NOT PRECIPITATION HARDENABLE; it cannot be hardened by heat treatment, strength is raised only by cold work and is removed again by solution annealing.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">\n<div style=\"flex:0 0 118px;padding:11px 14px;background:#F7FAFB;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:.09em;text-transform:uppercase;color:#6b8091;font-weight:600;line-height:1.5;\">Forms<\/div>\n<div style=\"flex:1 1 230px;min-width:0;padding:11px 14px;font-size:14.5px;line-height:1.7;color:#3d5260;word-wrap:break-word;overflow-wrap:break-word;\">Bar \u00b7 flat bar \u00b7 plate \u00b7 sheet \u00b7 strip \u00b7 seamless pipe \u00b7 welded pipe \u00b7 tube \u00b7 forging \u00b7 flange \u00b7 fitting. All forms are supplied to order.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">\n<div style=\"flex:0 0 118px;padding:11px 14px;background:#F7FAFB;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:.09em;text-transform:uppercase;color:#6b8091;font-weight:600;line-height:1.5;\">Standards<\/div>\n<div style=\"flex:1 1 230px;min-width:0;padding:11px 14px;font-size:14.5px;line-height:1.7;color:#3d5260;word-wrap:break-word;overflow-wrap:break-word;\">THERE IS NO AMS NUMBER \u2014 no verified SAE\/AMS specification could be found for this alloy (see the specification note). The order is placed directly against the ASTM\/ASME number: ASTM B575 \/ ASME SB-575 \u2014 plate, sheet and strip. \u00b7 ASTM B906 \/ ASME SB-906 \u2014 strip and thin sheet (general requirements). \u00b7 ASTM B574 \/ ASME SB-574 \u2014 round, square and hexagonal bar, and wire. \u00b7 ASTM B472 \u2014 billet and bar stock. \u00b7 ASTM B564 \/ ASME SB-564 \u2014 forgings. \u00b7 ASTM B462 \/ ASME SB-462 \u2014 forged or rolled flanges, fittings and valve parts. \u00b7 ASTM B366 \/ ASME SB-366 \u2014 welded and seamless fittings. \u00b7 ASTM B622 \/ ASME SB-622 \u2014 seamless pipe and tube. \u00b7 ASTM B619 \/ ASME SB-619 \u2014 welded pipe. \u00b7 ASTM B626 \/ ASME SB-626 \u2014 welded tube. \u00b7 ASTM B751 \u2014 general requirements for welded tube. \u00b7 ASTM B775 \u2014 general requirements for welded pipe. \u00b7 ASTM A494 grade CX2MW \u2014 castings (N26022). \u00b7 AWS A5.14 ERNiCrMo-10 (welding wire) and AWS A5.11 ENiCrMo-10 (covered electrode). \u00b7 NACE MR0175 \/ ISO 15156 and NACE MR0103 \/ ISO 17945 \u2014 sour service. \u00b7 Europe: DIN 17744 (composition) \u00b7 17750 (sheet, plate, strip) \u00b7 17751 (seamless tube) \u00b7 17752 (bar) \u00b7 17753 (wire) \u00b7 17754 (forgings) \u00b7 VdTUV 479 \u00b7 ISO 6207 \u00b7 6208 \u00b7 9722 \u00b7 9723 \u00b7 9724 \u00b7 18274.<br \/><span style=\"font-size:12.5px;color:#7b8f9b;line-height:1.6;display:inline-block;margin-top:6px;\">NO AMS NUMBER COULD BE VERIFIED FOR N06022 and no AMS row has been put on the card. The specification list published by Haynes International, the originator of the alloy, gives only ASTM\/ASME and AWS numbers;<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">\n<div style=\"flex:0 0 118px;padding:11px 14px;background:#F7FAFB;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:.09em;text-transform:uppercase;color:#6b8091;font-weight:600;line-height:1.5;\">Advantage<\/div>\n<div style=\"flex:1 1 230px;min-width:0;padding:11px 14px;font-size:14.5px;line-height:1.7;color:#3d5260;word-wrap:break-word;overflow-wrap:break-word;\">A measurable advantage over C-276, the family standard, in oxidizing media and in crevice corrosion. In numbers, FROM ONE PRODUCER&#8217;S SINGLE TABLE (Haynes International;<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">\n<div style=\"flex:0 0 118px;padding:11px 14px;background:#F7FAFB;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:.09em;text-transform:uppercase;color:#6b8091;font-weight:600;line-height:1.5;\">Welding<\/div>\n<div style=\"flex:1 1 230px;min-width:0;padding:11px 14px;font-size:14.5px;line-height:1.7;color:#3d5260;word-wrap:break-word;overflow-wrap:break-word;\">Filler metal: matching filler AWS A5.14 ERNiCrMo-10 (wire) and AWS A5.11 ENiCrMo-10 (covered electrode). VDM Metals names its own fillers: VDM FM 622 (2.4635) and VDM FM 59 (2.4607). PREHEAT: not required;<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">\n<div style=\"flex:0 0 118px;padding:11px 14px;background:#fdeceb;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:.09em;text-transform:uppercase;color:#c0392b;font-weight:600;line-height:1.5;\">Limits<\/div>\n<div style=\"flex:1 1 230px;min-width:0;padding:11px 14px;font-size:14.5px;line-height:1.7;color:#3d5260;word-wrap:break-word;overflow-wrap:break-word;background:#fdeceb;\">1) STRESS RELIEVING IS PROHIBITED: post-weld stress relieving at intermediate temperatures IS NOT APPLIED. Haynes International&#8217;s wording: stress relief heat treatments at the temperatures commonly used for carbon steels are &#8216;normally ineffective for these alloys&#8217;, and post-weld heat treatment at those intermediate temperatures &#8216;may\u2026<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"padding:14px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/en\/contact\/\" style=\"display:inline-block;padding:11px 20px;font-size:14px;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;margin:0 8px 6px 0;background:#dd3333;color:#ffffff;\">REQUEST A QUOTE<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/en\/nickel-alloys\/\" style=\"display:inline-block;padding:11px 20px;font-size:14px;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;margin:0 8px 6px 0;font-weight:600;border:1px solid #12303f;color:#12303f;\">All nickel alloys &rarr;<\/a><span data-dm=\"dm-teknik\" style=\"cursor:pointer;display:inline-block;padding:11px 20px;font-size:14px;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;margin:0 8px 6px 0;border:1px solid #dd3333;color:#dd3333;\">TECHNICAL DETAILS &darr;<\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"padding:9px 14px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-size:11.5px;color:#8a9aa4;line-height:1.5;\">Compiled from manufacturer data sheets \u00b7 confirm against the current specification before ordering<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><!-- \/dm-hap --><!-- dm-nav --><\/p>\n<style>h4[id^=\"dm-b\"]{scroll-margin-top:120px}#dm-teknik{scroll-margin-top:120px}<\/style>\n<div style=\"border:1px solid #d7dfe4;background:#ffffff;margin:0 0 22px;padding:12px 14px;\">\n<div style=\"font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:.09em;text-transform:uppercase;color:#6b8091;font-weight:600;margin-bottom:9px;\">On this page &middot; click to jump<\/div>\n<div><span data-dm=\"dm-b0\" style=\"cursor:pointer;display:inline-block;padding:5px 11px;border:1px solid #dfe6ea;background:#F7FAFB;margin:0 6px 7px 0;font-size:13px;color:#12303f;\">What Hastelloy C-22 Is<\/span><span data-dm=\"dm-b1\" style=\"cursor:pointer;display:inline-block;padding:5px 11px;border:1px solid #dfe6ea;background:#F7FAFB;margin:0 6px 7px 0;font-size:13px;color:#12303f;\">Standards by Product Form<\/span><span data-dm=\"dm-b2\" style=\"cursor:pointer;display:inline-block;padding:5px 11px;border:1px solid #dfe6ea;background:#F7FAFB;margin:0 6px 7px 0;font-size:13px;color:#12303f;\">Product Forms With NO Standard<\/span><span data-dm=\"dm-b3\" style=\"cursor:pointer;display:inline-block;padding:5px 11px;border:1px solid #dfe6ea;background:#F7FAFB;margin:0 6px 7px 0;font-size:13px;color:#12303f;\">Chemical Composition<\/span><span data-dm=\"dm-b4\" style=\"cursor:pointer;display:inline-block;padding:5px 11px;border:1px solid #dfe6ea;background:#F7FAFB;margin:0 6px 7px 0;font-size:13px;color:#12303f;\">Mechanical Properties<\/span><span data-dm=\"dm-b5\" style=\"cursor:pointer;display:inline-block;padding:5px 11px;border:1px solid #dfe6ea;background:#F7FAFB;margin:0 6px 7px 0;font-size:13px;color:#12303f;\">Physical Properties<\/span><span data-dm=\"dm-b6\" style=\"cursor:pointer;display:inline-block;padding:5px 11px;border:1px solid #dfe6ea;background:#F7FAFB;margin:0 6px 7px 0;font-size:13px;color:#12303f;\">Heat Treatment and Thermal Stability<\/span><span data-dm=\"dm-b7\" style=\"cursor:pointer;display:inline-block;padding:5px 11px;border:1px solid #dfe6ea;background:#F7FAFB;margin:0 6px 7px 0;font-size:13px;color:#12303f;\">Welding<\/span><span data-dm=\"dm-b8\" style=\"cursor:pointer;display:inline-block;padding:5px 11px;border:1px solid #dfe6ea;background:#F7FAFB;margin:0 6px 7px 0;font-size:13px;color:#12303f;\">Machining<\/span><span data-dm=\"dm-b9\" style=\"cursor:pointer;display:inline-block;padding:5px 11px;border:1px solid #dfe6ea;background:#F7FAFB;margin:0 6px 7px 0;font-size:13px;color:#12303f;\">Corrosion<\/span><span data-dm=\"dm-b10\" style=\"cursor:pointer;display:inline-block;padding:5px 11px;border:1px solid #dfe6ea;background:#F7FAFB;margin:0 6px 7px 0;font-size:13px;color:#12303f;\">Frequently Asked Questions<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><script>(function(){function go(id){var e=document.getElementById(id);if(e){var s=document.scrollingElement||document.documentElement;var y=e.getBoundingClientRect().top+s.scrollTop-118;if(y-0-0-0-0!==y){y=0;}window.scrollTo(0,y);}}function bind(el){el.addEventListener(\"click\",function(ev){ev.preventDefault();go(el.getAttribute(\"data-dm\"));});}function init(){var l=document.querySelectorAll(\"[data-dm]\");Array.prototype.forEach.call(l,bind);if(location.hash){if(location.hash.indexOf(\"#dm-\")===0){try{history.replaceState(null,\"\",location.pathname+location.search);}catch(e){}window.scrollTo(0,0);setTimeout(function(){window.scrollTo(0,0);},80);}}}if(document.readyState===\"loading\"){document.addEventListener(\"DOMContentLoaded\",init);}else{init();}})();<\/script><!-- \/dm-nav --><br \/>\n<span id=\"dm-teknik\" style=\"display:block;height:0;overflow:hidden;\"><\/span><br \/>\nHastelloy C-22 is known as the second most widely used and most readily available of the Hastelloy materials. It is a nickel alloy formed from a combination of high proportions of nickel, molybdenum, chromium and tungsten. The material is supplied as bar, sheet, tube, welding wire and electrode. It belongs to the austenitic group of metals and has excellent corrosion resistance both at room temperature and at high temperatures.<\/p>\n<p>Alloy C22 generally contains around 22% chromium. It also contains around 14% molybdenum and around 3% tungsten. The chromium in the material keeps it resistant to acids such as nitric acid, while the molybdenum and tungsten allow it to last for long periods in environments such as sulphuric acid and hydrochloric acid. Formed largely from nickel, this nickel alloy can also operate in many different environments even at high temperatures. Thanks to these superior properties it is used to protect the steel tubes and other components of coal-fired boilers and of waste-to-energy boilers.<\/p>\n<p>It is widely used in many different components in pressure vessels where temperature and pressure are present, in plants carrying out chemical production processes, in filters and pollution control equipment, in marine components, in paper production and in water treatment plants. Resistant to acids such as sulphuric acid and hydrochloric acid, it is a very widely used Hastelloy grade.<\/p>\n<div style=\"border:1px solid #d7dfe4;background:#ffffff;margin:24px 0 18px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\">\n<div style=\"background:#DD3333;color:#ffffff;font-size:13px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.04em;text-transform:uppercase;padding:10px 12px;line-height:1.35;\">Chemical Composition (NiCr21Mo14W) \u00b7 Hastelloy C-22 (2.4602)<\/div>\n<p><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<table style=\"border-collapse:collapse;width:100%;font-size:15px;line-height:1.5;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\">Ni<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">50-63%<br \/> (typically around 59%)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\">Cr<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">20.0-22.5%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\">Fe<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">2.0-6.0%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\">Mo<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">12.5-14.5%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\">W Tungsten<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">2.5-3.5%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\">Co<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">max 2.5%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\">C<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">max 0.015%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\">Mn<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">max 0.5%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\">Si<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">max 0.08%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\">P<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">max 0.02%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\">S<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">max 0.02%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\">V<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">max 0.35%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"border:1px solid #d7dfe4;background:#ffffff;margin:24px 0 18px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\">\n<div style=\"background:#DD3333;color:#ffffff;font-size:13px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.04em;text-transform:uppercase;padding:10px 12px;line-height:1.35;\">Mechanical Properties at Room Temperature<\/div>\n<p><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<table style=\"border-collapse:collapse;width:100%;font-size:15px;line-height:1.5;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\">Density (specific gravity)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">9220 kg\/m\u00b3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\">Melting Temperature<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">1370 \u2013 1420 \u00b0C<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"dm-std\" style=\"border:1px solid #d7dfe4;background:#ffffff;margin:24px 0 18px;\">\n<div style=\"background:#DD3333;color:#ffffff;font-size:13px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.04em;text-transform:uppercase;padding:10px 12px;line-height:1.35;\">Standards and Equivalents \u00b7 Hastelloy C-22<\/div>\n<div data-dmtw=\"1\" style=\"position:relative;overflow:hidden;\"><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"position:relative;z-index:2;overflow-x:auto;\">\n<table style=\"border-collapse:collapse;width:100%;font-size:15px;line-height:1.5;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\">Trade name<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">Hastelloy C-22<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\">UNS<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">N06022<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\">W.Nr (DIN\/EN)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">2.4602<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\">EN chemical symbol<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">NiCr21Mo14W<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\">AMS<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">5766<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\">Available forms<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">Round bar \u00b7 Flat bar \u00b7 Plate \u00b7 Sheet \u00b7 Tube \u00b7 Forgings<br \/><span style=\"font-size:13px;color:#6b7a84;\">All forms are supplied to order.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><!-- dm-zengin --><\/p>\n<h4 id=\"dm-b0\" style=\"font-size:19px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;margin:30px 0 10px;line-height:1.35;\">What Hastelloy C-22 Is \u2014 and Where It Really Stands Against C-276<\/h4>\n<p><!-- dm-diy-kars --><\/p>\n<div style=\"border:1px solid #e3e9ec;margin:22px 0 26px;background:#fff;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\">\n<div style=\"background:#12303f;color:#fff;padding:9px 14px;font-size:14px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.3px;position:relative;z-index:2;\">COMPARISON<\/div>\n<div style=\"position:relative;z-index:2;\">\n<div style=\"padding:8px 12px 0;font-size:13.5px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">A \u00b7 LOCALISED CORROSION \u2014 ASTM G48, acidified 6 wt% FeCl3 (Haynes International, ONE TABLE)<\/div>\n<div style=\"padding:12px 12px 2px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\"><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"overflow-x:auto;position:relative;z-index:2;\">\n<table style=\"width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:13.5px;min-width:430px;background:transparent;\">\n<tr>\n<th style=\"padding:7px 9px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:#12303f;background:#F2F6F8;border:1px solid #eceff1;\">Criterion<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding:7px 9px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:#12303f;background:#F2F6F8;border:1px solid #eceff1;\">C-22<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding:7px 9px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:#12303f;background:#F2F6F8;border:1px solid #eceff1;\">C-276<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding:7px 9px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:#12303f;background:#F2F6F8;border:1px solid #eceff1;\">Difference<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">Critical pitting temperature (CPT)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">above 150 \u00b0C<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">above 150 \u00b0C<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">NO DIFFERENCE \u2014 both alloys stayed above the test range. C-22 has NO advantage on this measure.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">Critical crevice temperature (CCT)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">80 \u00b0C<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">55 \u00b0C<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">25 \u00b0C in favour of C-22. This is WHERE the measurable advantage of C-22 lies.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"padding:8px 12px 0;font-size:13.5px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">B \u00b7 SPECIFICATION MINIMUMS \u2014 ASTM B575 \/ B574 \/ B619 \/ B622 (THE SAME TABLES, room temperature, solution annealed)<\/div>\n<div style=\"padding:12px 12px 2px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\"><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"overflow-x:auto;position:relative;z-index:2;\">\n<table style=\"width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:13.5px;min-width:430px;background:transparent;\">\n<tr>\n<th style=\"padding:7px 9px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:#12303f;background:#F2F6F8;border:1px solid #eceff1;\">Criterion<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding:7px 9px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:#12303f;background:#F2F6F8;border:1px solid #eceff1;\">C-22<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding:7px 9px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:#12303f;background:#F2F6F8;border:1px solid #eceff1;\">C-276<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding:7px 9px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:#12303f;background:#F2F6F8;border:1px solid #eceff1;\">Difference<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">Minimum tensile strength<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">690 MPa (100 ksi)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">690 MPa (100 ksi)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">NO DIFFERENCE<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">Minimum yield strength (0.2%)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">310 MPa (45 ksi)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">283 MPa (41 ksi)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">27 MPa in favour of C-22<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">Minimum elongation<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">45%<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">40%<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">5 points in favour of C-22<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"padding:8px 12px 0;font-size:13.5px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">C \u00b7 COMPOSITION \u2014 from the composition tables of the same ASTM specifications<\/div>\n<div style=\"padding:12px 12px 2px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\"><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"overflow-x:auto;position:relative;z-index:2;\">\n<table style=\"width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:13.5px;min-width:430px;background:transparent;\">\n<tr>\n<th style=\"padding:7px 9px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:#12303f;background:#F2F6F8;border:1px solid #eceff1;\">Criterion<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding:7px 9px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:#12303f;background:#F2F6F8;border:1px solid #eceff1;\">C-22<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding:7px 9px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:#12303f;background:#F2F6F8;border:1px solid #eceff1;\">C-276<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding:7px 9px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:#12303f;background:#F2F6F8;border:1px solid #eceff1;\">Difference<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">Chromium (Cr)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">20.0-22.5%<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">14.5-16.5%<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">C-22 is higher \u2014 this is where the oxidizing and crevice resistance comes from<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">Molybdenum (Mo)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">12.5-14.5%<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">15.0-17.0%<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">C-276 is higher \u2014 this is where reducing-media resistance comes from. C-22 IS BEHIND ON THIS MEASURE.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">Tungsten (W)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">2.5-3.5%<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">3.0-4.5%<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">C-276 is higher<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">Carbon (C) ceiling<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">0.015% max<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">0.010% max<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">The C-276 ceiling is lower; both alloys are low enough to be used without post-weld heat treatment<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"padding:10px 12px 2px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\"><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"position:relative;z-index:2;\">\n<div style=\"font-size:13.5px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;margin:6px 0 6px;\">Additional information<\/div>\n<table style=\"width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:13.5px;background:transparent;\">\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Compared with<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">Hastelloy C-22 (UNS N06022) \u2014 Hastelloy C-276 (UNS N10276)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"padding:6px 14px 12px;font-size:12px;color:#5b7180;line-height:1.7;border-top:1px solid #f0f3f5;position:relative;z-index:2;\">THE RULE: in this diagram every block is read from ONE METHOD and ONE TABLE. Different methods have not been compared on the same chart. There are three blocks and each is internally consistent: Block A is read from a single producer&#8217;s single table (Haynes International) using a single test method (ASTM G48, acidified 6 wt% FeCl3). Block B is read from the same tables of one specification family (ASTM B575 \/ B574 \/ B619 \/ B622); BOTH UNS numbers are WITHIN THE SCOPE of those specifications, so they are being compared under the same acceptance criterion. Block C is read from the composition tables of the same ASTM specifications. THE BLOCKS ARE NOT ADDED TOGETHER AND ARE NOT PUT ON THE SAME AXIS. BLOCK A IS ONE PRODUCER&#8217;S SINGLE TABLE. Haynes International makes both C-22 and C-276 and gives the two alloys in the same table by the same method (ASTM G48, acidified 6% FeCl3). That is safer than placing numbers from different laboratories under different conditions side by side; against that, it is one organisation&#8217;s data and is not independent confirmation. THE ADVANTAGE OF C-22 IS NOT IN PITTING, IT IS IN THE CREVICE. In the same table the CPT is above 150 \u00b0C for both alloys, so on that measure no difference WAS MEASURED. The only measured difference is in the CCT: 80 \u00b0C against 55 \u00b0C. The sentence &#8216;C-22 is better than C-276 at everything&#8217; does not follow from this table. BLOCK B IS THE SAME TABLES OF THE SAME SPECIFICATIONS. ASTM B575, B574, B619 and B622 cover both UNS numbers, so the comparison is under the same acceptance criterion. The values are MINIMUMS; typical values have not been compared, because typical values come from different producers and different sections and are not under the same criterion. PRODUCER TYPICAL VALUES HAVE NOT BEEN COMPARED IN THIS DIAGRAM. That is a deliberate restriction: a typical value is not an acceptance criterion, it varies with section and processing history, and it cannot be confirmed that the two alloys were measured under the same condition. NO ACID-MEDIUM COMPARISON HAS BEEN MADE. ATI states in its own data sheet that ATI 22 is comparable or superior to ATI 276 in boiling HCl and H2SO4 and in FeCl3 and ASTM G28 Practice A testing, but the table of numbers behind that statement could not be confirmed by 4 independent sources. The Haynes brochure contains no boiling-acid or ASTM G28 table placing C-22 and C-276 SIDE BY SIDE. Single-source acid figures (for example 10% HNO3 + 3% HF at 70 \u00b0C) are NOT in the diagram. NO PRE (PITTING RESISTANCE EQUIVALENT) COMPARISON HAS BEEN MADE. No PRE value for N06022 confirmed by 4 independent sources could be obtained; the PRE of 68 on the C-276 card belongs to a single organisation (Alleima), and since no PRE from that same organisation could be found for N06022, the two numbers have not been put on one chart. THE SELECTION RULE: where the medium is oxidizing or mixed and a crevice geometry exists (a gasket face, a tube-to-tubesheet joint, the underside of a deposit), C-22 is chosen. Where the medium is purely reducing and dominated by hot concentrated HCl, the higher molybdenum of C-276 is still on the table. The decision is made from real data for the actual medium.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><!-- \/dm-diy-kars --><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 12px;font-size:15px;line-height:1.75;\">Hastelloy C-22 (UNS <b>N06022<\/b> \/ W.Nr. <b>2.4602<\/b> \/ EN-DIN <b>NiCr21Mo14W<\/b> \/ ISO <b>NiCr21Mo14W3<\/b>) is a single-phase FCC austenitic, <b>solid-solution strengthened<\/b> <b>Ni-Cr-Mo-W<\/b> alloy; it is not precipitation hardenable. Nominal <b>Ni 56 \u00b7 Cr 22 \u00b7 Mo 13 \u00b7 W 3 \u00b7 Fe 3<\/b>. The trade names describe the same material: HASTELLOY\u00ae C-22\u00ae, VDM\u00ae Alloy 22 \/ Nicrofer 5621 hMoW, INCONEL\u00ae alloy 22, ATI 22\u2122. <b>The cast counterpart is ASTM A494 grade CX2MW, and that is a SEPARATE UNS number (N26022) \u2014 not the same material.<\/b><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 12px;font-size:15px;line-height:1.75;\"><b>One-line identity:<\/b> C-22 is a <b>deliberate re-balance<\/b> of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/en\/hastelloy-c-276\/\">C-276<\/a> \u2014 <b>Cr raised from 16 to 22 %, Mo lowered from 16 to 13 %, W from 4 to 3 %<\/b>. Chromium buys the passive film that survives <b>oxidising<\/b> chloride and wet chlorine; molybdenum and tungsten buy <b>reducing<\/b> acid resistance. <b>C-22 is not an upgrade, it is a TRADE.<\/b> Carbon and silicon are also held deliberately low (<b>C \u22640.015 %, Si \u22640.08 %<\/b>) to suppress grain-boundary carbide and silicide precipitation in the weld HAZ \u2014 <b>this is what makes the alloy usable as welded.<\/b> Every figure in the table below is from <b>the originator&#8217;s own brochures and the SAME test suite<\/b>; cross-alloy numbers from mixed publishers are not comparable.<\/p>\n<div style=\"border:1px solid #d7dfe4;background:#ffffff;margin:24px 0 18px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\">\n<div style=\"background:#DD3333;color:#ffffff;font-size:13px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.04em;text-transform:uppercase;padding:10px 12px;line-height:1.35;\">C-22 \u00b7 C-276 \u00b7 C-2000 \u2014 Same Test Suite, Honest Comparison<\/div>\n<p><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<table style=\"border-collapse:collapse;width:100%;font-size:15px;line-height:1.5;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>Critical CREVICE temperature (CCT)<\/b><br \/>acidified 6 % FeCl\u2083<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">C-22 <b>80 \u00b0C<\/b> \u00b7 C-276 <b>55 \u00b0C<\/b> \u00b7 C-2000 <b>80 \u00b0C<\/b>. <b>This is C-22&#8217;s clearest and most defensible advantage over C-276: a 25 \u00b0C crevice margin.<\/b> Gaskets, tube-to-tubesheet joints and lap joints are won or lost exactly here<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\">Critical PITTING temperature (CPT) \u00b7 Green Death \u00b7 Yellow Death<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">CPT (acidified 6 % FeCl\u2083): C-22 <b>&gt;150 \u00b0C<\/b> \u00b7 C-276 &gt;150 \u00b7 C-2000 145 \u00b0C \u2014 <b>all three sit at the top of this test, so it does not discriminate<\/b>. Lowest temperature at which pitting was seen in Green Death: C-22 <b>120 \u00b0C<\/b> \u00b7 C-276 <b>the boiling point of the solution<\/b> \u00b7 C-2000 <b>100 \u00b0C<\/b>. Yellow Death CCT: C-22 <b>75 \u00b0C<\/b> \u00b7 C-276 <b>60 \u00b0C<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>Seawater crevice<\/b> \u00b7 180 days, 29 \u00b0C<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">C-22 <b>ZERO of two sites<\/b> attacked \u00b7 C-276 <b>one of two sites<\/b> (0.10 \/ 0.13 mm deep). In the five-alloy panel (316L, 254 SMO, 625, C-276, C-22) C-22 is <b>the only alloy scoring zero in both quiescent and flowing exposure<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\"><b>Boiling 50 % H\u2082SO\u2084 \u00b7 boiling 5 % HCl \u2014 WHERE C-22 LOSES<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">H\u2082SO\u2084: C-22 <b>9.98<\/b> \u00b7 C-276 <b>3.64<\/b> \u00b7 C-2000 <b>3.35 mm\/y<\/b> \u2014 <b>C-276 is 2.7\u00d7 better<\/b>. HCl: C-22 <b>8.99<\/b> \u00b7 C-276 <b>3.63 mm\/y<\/b> \u2014 <b>2.5\u00d7 better<\/b>. Boiling 10 % H\u2082SO\u2084: 0.29 \/ 0.18 \/ <b>0.09<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>Boiling 85 % H\u2083PO\u2084 \u00b7 boiling 1 % HCl \u2014 the direction REVERSES<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">H\u2083PO\u2084: C-22 <b>0.66<\/b> \u00b7 C-276 <b>1.68 mm\/y<\/b>. 1 % HCl: C-22 <b>0.06<\/b> \u00b7 C-276 <b>0.33<\/b>. <b>These two rows falsify &#8220;C-276 always wins in reducing service&#8221; \u2014 read the specific medium.<\/b> In boiling 70 % HNO\u2083 C-22 gives <b>2.53 mm\/y<\/b>; <b>the originator does not publish this value for C-276<\/b>, so do not build a comparison<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\"><b>ASME Sec. VIII Div. 1 maximum code temperature<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">C-22 <b>677 \u00b0C<\/b> \u00b7 C-276 <b>677 \u00b0C<\/b> \u00b7 C-2000 <b>427 \u00b0C<\/b>. <b>C-2000&#8217;s advantage in sulphuric becomes unusable in many vessel designs on this single line<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<p style=\"margin:18px 0 6px;font-size:15px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;line-height:1.5;\">Saturated wet chlorine \u2014 C-22&#8217;s clearest win<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 12px;font-size:15px;line-height:1.75;\">The originator&#8217;s test: <b>3000 ppm Cl\u207b, pH 1.5, Cl\u2082 gas bubbled through, 30 days, final pH 0.9.<\/b> The results run one way: <b>at the liquid\/vapour interface at 65 \u00b0C, C-276 suffered severe weld-metal attack while C-22 showed no attack at 40\u00d7 magnification<\/b>; <b>in liquid at 80 \u00b0C, C-276 showed severe weld corrosion plus intergranular HAZ attack, C-22 gave 1.5 mpy and zero localised attack<\/b>; in vapour at 65 \u00b0C C-276 pitted, C-22 gave 2.5 mpy. <b>Because C-276 had already failed lower, the 95 \u00b0C test was never run on it; C-22 gave 0.9 mpy there.<\/b> <b>Chlorine, hypochlorite, chlorine dioxide and bleach stages are C-22&#8217;s real market.<\/b> The same logic applies to <b>oxidising acid-chloride mixtures<\/b>: in boiling <b>Green Death<\/b> (11.5 % H\u2082SO\u2084 + 1.2 % HCl + 1 % FeCl\u2083 + 1 % CuCl\u2082), the legacy datasheet gives <b>C-22 3 mpy \u00b7 C-276 42 mpy \u00b7 C-4 837 mpy \u00b7 alloy 625 1815 mpy<\/b> \u2014 <b>a 14\u00d7 margin over C-276 in the same test<\/b>; and in <b>5 % HNO\u2083 + 25 % H\u2082SO\u2084 + 4 % NaCl, boiling: 12 mpy (0.30 mm\/y)<\/b>, where neither a stainless nor C-276 survives. <b>If an oxidising species is present together with chloride, C-22 is the right member of the family.<\/b><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:18px 0 6px;font-size:15px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;line-height:1.5;\">C-22&#8217;s honest ceiling \u2014 where alloy 59 and alloy 686 are ahead<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 12px;font-size:15px;line-height:1.75;\">C-276 beats C-22 in hot reducing acid (the rows above); it is also <b>the older grade, widely stocked, and the one listed in ASTM F467 \u2014 N06022 is NOT on that list<\/b>. But the real ceiling lies elsewhere: <b>alloy 59 (N06059) and alloy 686 (N06686) beat C-22 decisively on thermal stability and on the crevice resistance of a weldment.<\/b><\/p>\n<div style=\"border:1px solid #d7dfe4;background:#ffffff;margin:24px 0 18px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\">\n<div style=\"background:#DD3333;color:#ffffff;font-size:13px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.04em;text-transform:uppercase;padding:10px 12px;line-height:1.35;\">C-22&#8217;s Ceiling \u2014 Two Measured Comparisons<\/div>\n<p><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<table style=\"border-collapse:collapse;width:100%;font-size:15px;line-height:1.5;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>ASTM G28 after sensitisation at 871 \u00b0C (mpy)<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">Alloy 59 <b>G28A 40 \u00b7 G28B 4 \u00b7 NO attack<\/b> \u00b7 <b>Alloy 22 G28A 872 \u00b7 G28B 17 \u00b7 SEVERE \/ SEVERE<\/b> \u00b7 C-276 <b>&gt;500 \/ 339<\/b>, severe. <b>After sensitisation C-22 is WORSE than C-276 in G28A<\/b> \u2014 this is the number that describes the material after fire damage, adjacent hot work or a well-meaning &#8220;stress relief&#8221;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\"><b>Extreme chloride on a WELDMENT<\/b><br \/>70 000 ppm Cl\u207b, pH 1, 105 \u00b0C, 21 days<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">Alloy 59 <b>0.007 mm\/y, NO crevice attack<\/b> \u00b7 <b>Alloy 22 0.44 mm\/y, CREVICE ATTACK PRESENT<\/b> \u00b7 C-276 0.32 mm\/y, crevice attack present \u00b7 alloy 625 1.15 mm\/y. <b>The alloy that beats C-276 80 vs 55 \u00b0C in acidified 6 % FeCl\u2083 suffers crevice attack as welded in strong brine. For genuinely extreme chloride service the answer is alloy 59 or alloy 686<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>C-2000 \u2014 not a better C-22, a different trade<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/en\/hastelloy-c-2000\/\">C-2000<\/a> (N06200) <b>adds 1.6 % copper and drops tungsten<\/b>; it is markedly better in sulphuric (<b>3.35 vs 9.98 in boiling 50 %<\/b>) and equal on crevice. But its <b>ASME Sec. VIII ceiling is 427 \u00b0C<\/b> (C-22 677 \u00b0C) and its <b>Green Death pitting temperature is 100 \u00b0C<\/b> (C-22 120 \u00b0C). <b>It is NOT a drop-in upgrade<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<h4 id=\"dm-b1\" style=\"font-size:19px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;margin:30px 0 10px;line-height:1.35;\">Standards by Product Form<\/h4>\n<p><!-- dm-diy-std --><\/p>\n<div style=\"border:1px solid #e3e9ec;margin:22px 0 26px;background:#fff;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\">\n<div style=\"background:#12303f;color:#fff;padding:9px 14px;font-size:14px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.3px;position:relative;z-index:2;\">STANDARDS BY PRODUCT FORM<\/div>\n<div style=\"position:relative;z-index:2;\">\n<div style=\"padding:12px 12px 2px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\"><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"overflow-x:auto;position:relative;z-index:2;\">\n<table style=\"width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:13.5px;min-width:430px;background:transparent;\">\n<tr>\n<th style=\"padding:7px 9px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:#12303f;background:#F2F6F8;border:1px solid #eceff1;\">Product form<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding:7px 9px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:#12303f;background:#F2F6F8;border:1px solid #eceff1;\">Standards<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">Plate<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">ASTM B575 \/ ASME SB-575 \u2014 solution annealed and descaled \u00b7 DIN 17750 \u00b7 ISO 6208 \u00b7 VdTUV 479. There is NO AMS number (see the specification note).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">Sheet<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">ASTM B575 \/ ASME SB-575 \u00b7 ASTM B906 \/ ASME SB-906 (general requirements) \u00b7 DIN 17750 \u00b7 ISO 6208. There is NO AMS number.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">Strip<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">ASTM B575 \/ ASME SB-575 \u00b7 ASTM B906 \/ ASME SB-906 \u00b7 DIN 17750 \u00b7 ISO 6208. There is NO AMS number.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">Round bar, flat bar (including square and hexagon)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">ASTM B574 \/ ASME SB-574 \u2014 hot-finished and cold-finished, solution annealed \u00b7 ASTM B472 (billet and bar stock) \u00b7 DIN 17752 \u00b7 ISO 9723 \u00b7 ISO 9724 \u00b7 NACE MR0175 \/ ISO 15156. There is NO AMS number.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">Wire<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">ASTM B574 \/ ASME SB-574 \u00b7 DIN 17753 \u00b7 ISO 18274. There is NO AMS number.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">Forging<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">ASTM B564 \/ ASME SB-564 \u00b7 ASTM B462 \/ ASME SB-462 \u00b7 DIN 17754 \u00b7 ISO 9722. There is NO AMS number.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">Flange<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">ASTM B462 \/ ASME SB-462 \u2014 forged or rolled flanges, fittings and valve parts \u00b7 dimensions to ASME B16.5 \/ B16.47. There is NO AMS number.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">Fitting<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">ASTM B366 \/ ASME SB-366 \u2014 welded and seamless, factory-made wrought fittings \u00b7 dimensions to ASME B16.9 \/ B16.11. There is NO AMS number.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">Seamless pipe and tube<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">ASTM B622 \/ ASME SB-622 \u2014 solution annealed and descaled \u00b7 DIN 17751 \u00b7 ISO 6207 \u00b7 JIS H4552 (NW6022) \u00b7 NACE MR0175 \/ ISO 15156 \u00b7 approved in ASME BPVC Section I and Section VIII Div. 1 (to 677 \u00b0C). There is NO AMS number.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">Welded pipe<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">ASTM B619 \/ ASME SB-619 \u2014 Class I: welded and solution annealed; Class II: welded, cold worked and solution annealed \u00b7 ASTM B775 (general requirements). There is NO AMS number.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">Welded tube<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">ASTM B626 \/ ASME SB-626 \u00b7 ASTM B751 (general requirements). There is NO AMS number.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">Welding consumable<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">AWS A5.14 \/ ASME SFA-5.14 ERNiCrMo-10 (bare wire and rod) \u00b7 AWS A5.11 \/ ASME SFA-5.11 ENiCrMo-10 (covered electrode) \u00b7 ASME Section IX F-No. 43. VDM Metals fillers: VDM FM 622 (2.4635), VDM FM 59 (2.4607).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"padding:6px 14px 12px;font-size:12px;color:#5b7180;line-height:1.7;border-top:1px solid #f0f3f5;position:relative;z-index:2;\">THERE IS NO AMS ROW IN THIS TABLE, and that is deliberate. No verified SAE\/AMS specification could be found for N06022. The specification list of Haynes International, the originator of the alloy, gives only ASTM\/ASME and AWS numbers; the ATI, Carpenter Technology and HP Alloys data sheets carry no AMS number; Aircraft Materials leaves the AMS field empty for this alloy; and the AMS Resources page lists ASTM only. ONE STOCKIST PAGE (Virgamet) lists AMS 5388, 5389, 5530 and 5750 for C22; IT HAS NOT BEEN USED. AMS 5530 and AMS 5750 are the historical HASTELLOY C (UNS N10002) specifications, whose composition is &#8217;58Ni &#8211; 15.5Cr &#8211; 16Mo &#8211; 3.8W &#8211; 5.5Fe&#8217;, and that composition does not meet the 20.0-22.5% chromium band of N06022. N06022 AND N10276 SHARE MANY SPECIFICATIONS BUT THEIR MINIMUMS ARE NOT THE SAME. ASTM B575, B574, B619 and B622 cover both UNS numbers; in the same table they give 690 \/ 310 MPa \/ 45% for N06022 and 690 \/ 283 MPa \/ 40% for N10276. The same specification number must not be taken to mean the same values; the UNS number is what is looked for on the certificate. No NUMERICAL solution annealing temperature for N06022 could be found in the texts of ASTM B619 and B622; those specifications call only for the &#8216;solution annealed&#8217; condition. See the heat treatment diagram for numerical temperatures. DIN 17744 is for composition, 17750 for sheet-plate-strip, 17751 for seamless tube, 17752 for bar, 17753 for wire and 17754 for forgings. VdTUV 479 is a European pressure vessel approval and does not replace ASTM.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><!-- \/dm-diy-std --><\/p>\n<div style=\"border:1px solid #d7dfe4;background:#ffffff;margin:24px 0 18px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\">\n<div style=\"background:#DD3333;color:#ffffff;font-size:13px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.04em;text-transform:uppercase;padding:10px 12px;line-height:1.35;\">Standards by Product Form \u00b7 Hastelloy C-22 (N06022 \/ 2.4602)<\/div>\n<p><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<table style=\"border-collapse:collapse;width:100%;font-size:15px;line-height:1.5;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\">Plate \u00b7 sheet \u00b7 strip<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">ASTM <b>B575<\/b> \/ <b>SB-575<\/b> \u2014 titled &#8220;Low-Carbon Ni-Cr-Mo-W \u2026 Plate, Sheet and Strip&#8221;, N06022 is listed; <b>solution annealed, descaled<\/b> \u00b7 DIN 17750 \u00b7 DIN 17744 (composition) \u00b7 <b>VdT\u00dcV Material Sheet 479<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\"><b>Rod \u00b7 bar \u00b7 billet<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">ASTM <b>B574<\/b> \/ SB-574 \u2014 <b>the scope is ROD ONLY, 5\/16 in to 3\u00bd in dia. (8\u201389 mm)<\/b> \u00b7 DIN 17752. <b>Bar and billet for reforging go to ASTM B472<\/b> (single publisher)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\">Seamless pipe and tube \u00b7 welded pipe<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">Seamless <b>B622<\/b> \/ SB-622. Welded pipe <b>B619 \/ B619M<\/b> \/ SB-619 \u2014 <b>Class I<\/b> as-welded + solution annealed, <b>Class II<\/b> welded + cold worked + solution annealed; <b>\u22648 in NPS<\/b> \u00b7 DIN 17751<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\">Welded tube and general-requirement specifications<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">Welded tube <b>B626<\/b> \/ SB-626 \u2014 welded from flat-rolled product <b>autogenously (NO FILLER METAL)<\/b>, then solution annealed; 1\/8\u20133\u00bd in OD, wall 0.015\u20130.148 in. General requirements: flat-rolled <b>B906<\/b> \u00b7 welded pipe <b>B775 \/ B775M<\/b> \u00b7 seamless pipe and tube <b>B829<\/b> \u00b7 welded tube <b>B751<\/b> \u00b7 finned condenser\/HX tube <b>B924<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\">Wrought fittings \u00b7 forgings \u00b7 <b>flanges and valve parts<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">Fittings <b>B366<\/b> \/ SB-366 \u00b7 Forgings <b>B564<\/b> \/ SB-564 (DIN 17754) \u00b7 <b>Flanges, forged fittings, valves and parts B462 \/ SB-462 \u2014 the ASTM title names UNS N06022 explicitly<\/b> \u00b7 VdT\u00dcV 479<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\"><b>Wire \u00b7 bolting \u00b7 castings<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\"><b>NO dedicated specification exists<\/b> \u2014 see the next section. Wire follows <b>DIN 17753<\/b> on the European route; castings are <b>A494 CX2MW = UNS N26022<\/b>, a different material<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\">Welding consumables<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">Bare wire\/rod <b>AWS A5.14 ERNiCrMo-10<\/b>, UNS N06022 \u00b7 SFA-5.14 \u00b7 DIN <b>2.4635<\/b> \u00b7 ISO 18274 <b>S Ni 6022<\/b> \u00b7 VDM\u00ae FM 622. Covered electrode <b>AWS A5.11 ENiCrMo-10<\/b> \u00b7 SFA-5.11 \u00b7 DIN <b>2.4638<\/b>. <b>Sources DISAGREE on the electrode&#8217;s UNS number: W86022 or N06022 \u2014 do not commit to one, read it off the certificate of conformity<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\"><b>ASME Section IX<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">Base metal <b>P-No. 43<\/b> (Ni-Cr-Fe \/ Ni-Cr-Mo group) for every product form \u00b7 <b>no Group No. is assigned<\/b> (Group Numbers apply to ferrous P-numbers) \u00b7 <b>A-No. DOES NOT APPLY<\/b> \u2014 QW-442 classifies <b>FERROUS<\/b> weld metal \u00b7 <b>F-No.: nickel fillers span F-41 to F-46, but the specific assignment for ERNiCrMo-10 \/ ENiCrMo-10 COULD NOT BE VERIFIED from an open source \u2014 DO NOT PUBLISH AN F-NUMBER, read QW\/QB-432<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\">Europe \u00b7 PED route<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>VdT\u00dcV Werkstoffblatt 479<\/b>, edition <b>2021-11-30<\/b>: &#8220;High corrosion resistant alloy NiCr21Mo14W, material no. 2.4602 \u2014 sheet, strip, forging, flange, bar and tube&#8221;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"border:1px solid #d7dfe4;background:#ffffff;margin:24px 0 18px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\">\n<div style=\"background:#DD3333;color:#ffffff;font-size:13px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.04em;text-transform:uppercase;padding:10px 12px;line-height:1.35;\">ASME Code Acceptance and MAXIMUM CODE TEMPERATURES (these are CODE limits)<\/div>\n<p><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<table style=\"border-collapse:collapse;width:100%;font-size:15px;line-height:1.5;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>Sec. VIII Div. 1 and Div. 2 \u00b7 Sec. I<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>ACCEPTED \u00b7 677 \u00b0C (1250 \u00b0F)<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\"><b>B31.3 \u00b7 B31.1 \u00b7 Sec. III Class 1<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\"><b>ACCEPTED \u00b7 427 \u00b0C (800 \u00b0F)<\/b> (B31.1 single publisher)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\">ASME Code Cases<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>2226-2<\/b> and <b>N-621-1<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\"><b>PROCUREMENT CONSEQUENCE \u2014 state it plainly<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\"><b>The vessel may be code-rated to 677 \u00b0C, but the B31.3 piping connected to it is CAPPED at 427 \u00b0C.<\/b> A datasheet that prints only &#8220;1250 \u00b0F&#8221; <b>is misleading for every piping enquiry<\/b>. <b>Allowable stress values live in ASME Sec. II Part D, are paywalled, and are NOT published on this page<\/b>; they <b>cannot be inferred<\/b> from the ceilings above<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>NACE MR0175 \/ ISO 15156 and MR0103 \/ ISO 17945<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">N06022 is <b>listed in both<\/b>; the governing clause is <b>ISO 15156-3 A.4, solid-solution nickel-based alloys<\/b>, material types <b>4a \/ 4b \/ 4c \/ 4d<\/b>, limits in <b>Tables A.12\u2013A.14<\/b>. Per the standard&#8217;s summary: &#8220;there are <b>no hardness requirements<\/b> for welding solid-solution nickel-based alloys with solid-solution nickel-based weld metal&#8221;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\"><b>NACE \u2014 DO NOT PUBLISH<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\"><b>The specific hardness cap in HRC for N06022 and the specific environmental envelope (max T, pH\u2082S, Cl\u207b, elemental sulphur) COULD NOT BE VERIFIED in any open publisher.<\/b> The honest wording: &#8220;N06022 is listed as a solid-solution nickel-based alloy; the applicable hardness limit and environmental envelope <b>depend on which Annex A material-type table the purchaser invokes<\/b> and must be taken from the <b>current edition of ISO 15156-3<\/b>&#8220;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<h4 id=\"dm-b2\" style=\"font-size:19px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;margin:30px 0 10px;line-height:1.35;\">Product Forms With NO Standard \u2014 the Commercially Valuable Section<\/h4>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 12px;font-size:15px;line-height:1.75;\"><b>This is the section your sales engineers should memorise:<\/b> when a customer asks for &#8220;C-22 wire to ASTM&#8221; or &#8220;code-certified C-22 bolting&#8221;, the honest answer always comes from the same place.<\/p>\n<div style=\"border:1px solid #d7dfe4;background:#ffffff;margin:24px 0 18px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\">\n<div style=\"background:#DD3333;color:#ffffff;font-size:13px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.04em;text-transform:uppercase;padding:10px 12px;line-height:1.35;\">Specification Gaps for N06022<\/div>\n<p><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<table style=\"border-collapse:collapse;width:100%;font-size:15px;line-height:1.5;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>Non-welding wire<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>There is NO ASTM wire specification for N06022.<\/b> B574&#8217;s scope is <b>rod only, 5\/16\u20133\u00bd in dia.<\/b> Supply is to <b>DIN 17753 or to a mill specification<\/b>. AWS A5.14 \/ ISO 18274 is a <b>welding-consumable<\/b> specification, not a structural wire specification. <b>Never certify wire to B574<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\"><b>Bolting and fasteners<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\"><b>There is NO ASTM\/ASME bolting specification for N06022.<\/b> ASTM <b>F467<\/b> (nonferrous nuts) lists N10001, N10276, N04400, N04405, N05500, <b>N06059<\/b>, N06625 and <b>N06686<\/b> \u2014 <b>N06022 is ABSENT<\/b> (single publisher; verify against the current edition). <b>Whether F468 includes N06022 could not be verified \u2014 do not claim F468 on a quotation.<\/b> In practice C-22 fasteners are <b>machined from B574 rod<\/b> and carry <b>no ASME Sec. II Part D bolting allowable<\/b>. If code bolting is required, the covered routes are <a href=\"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/en\/hastelloy-c-276\/\">C-276<\/a>, alloy 59 or alloy 686<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>Castings<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>A494 CX2MW is NOT N06022 \u2014 it is UNS N26022<\/b>, with <b>cast<\/b> rather than wrought properties and its own specification. <b>A CX2MW valve body cannot be certified as wrought N06022, and vice versa.<\/b> If a project has both a cast body and wrought pipe, two different UNS numbers will appear on the MTCs \u2014 that is not an error<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\"><b>Bar above 3\u00bd in \u00b7 cold-finished rod properties<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">Heavy sections fall outside B574&#8217;s stated rod range and are supplied to <b>B472<\/b> or <b>B564<\/b> \u2014 <b>certifying a diameter above 90 mm to B574 is out of scope<\/b>. Also, <b>B574 specifies SEPARATE requirements for cold-finished rod<\/b> versus solution-annealed: the scope is confirmed, <b>the numbers could not be independently verified \u2014 do not publish a figure, read the specification<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<h4 id=\"dm-b3\" style=\"font-size:19px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;margin:30px 0 10px;line-height:1.35;\">Chemical Composition<\/h4>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 12px;font-size:15px;line-height:1.75;\"><b>ASTM B575 \/ B574 limits (wt %), the same table carried into B619 \/ B622 \/ B626 \/ B366 \/ B462 \/ B564:<\/b> <b>Ni balance (~56 nominal)<\/b> \u00b7 <b>Cr 20.0\u201322.5<\/b> \u00b7 <b>Mo 12.5\u201314.5<\/b> \u00b7 <b>W 2.5\u20133.5<\/b> \u00b7 <b>Fe 2.0\u20136.0<\/b> \u00b7 Co \u22642.50 \u00b7 Mn \u22640.50 \u00b7 V \u22640.35 \u00b7 <b>Si \u22640.08<\/b> \u00b7 <b>C \u22640.015<\/b> \u00b7 S \u22640.02 \u00b7 P \u22640.02. <b>Sources disagree on phosphorus<\/b> (\u22640.02 % in three publishers, \u22640.025 % in two); <b>copper \u22640.5 % appears only in the originator&#8217;s nominal listing and is ABSENT from the reproduced ASTM tables \u2014 do not guarantee a Cu limit.<\/b> <b>Nominal is a TARGET chemistry; the specification is the bands above<\/b> \u2014 which is why <b>a heat at 5.2 % Fe is fully conforming<\/b> and &#8220;iron is limited to 3 %&#8221; is false.<\/p>\n<div style=\"border:1px solid #d7dfe4;background:#ffffff;margin:24px 0 18px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\">\n<div style=\"background:#DD3333;color:#ffffff;font-size:13px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.04em;text-transform:uppercase;padding:10px 12px;line-height:1.35;\">ASTM vs EN\/VdT\u00dcV DIVERGENCES \u2014 the Lines That Actually Get a Certificate Rejected<\/div>\n<p><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<table style=\"border-collapse:collapse;width:100%;font-size:15px;line-height:1.5;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>Carbon maximum<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>ASTM B575\/B574 \u22640.015 %<\/b> \u00b7 <b>VdT\u00dcV WB 479 \u22640.010 %<\/b>. <b>A heat at 0.013 % is FULLY CONFORMING to ASTM and NON-CONFORMING to VdT\u00dcV.<\/b> The divergence is not accidental: lower carbon further suppresses grain-boundary carbide precipitation in the weld HAZ, <b>which is the basis of the as-welded corrosion claim<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\"><b>Tensile, hardness, Rp1.0<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\"><b>ASTM: MINIMUM ONLY<\/b>, \u2265690 MPa; hardness is not a delivery requirement and Rp1.0 is not specified \u00b7 <b>VdT\u00dcV: a RANGE, 690\u2013950 MPa<\/b> (there is an <b>UPPER<\/b> limit), plus <b>HB \u2264240<\/b> and <b>Rp1.0 \u2265335 MPa<\/b>. A heat at 980 MPa <b>passes ASTM and fails the EN range<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>The alloy&#8217;s design logic<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">A deliberate re-balance from C-276: <b>Cr 16 \u2192 22, Mo 16 \u2192 13, W 4 \u2192 3<\/b>; iron was also pulled from <b>4.0\u20137.0 % to 2.0\u20136.0 %<\/b> \u2014 iron is not a strengthener but <b>a tolerated residual<\/b>, and keeping it low <b>reduces the driving force for the Fe-bearing intermetallics that nucleate the \u03bc and P phases<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<h4 id=\"dm-b4\" style=\"font-size:19px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;margin:30px 0 10px;line-height:1.35;\">Mechanical Properties<\/h4>\n<p><!-- dm-diy-sert --><\/p>\n<div style=\"border:1px solid #e3e9ec;margin:22px 0 26px;background:#fff;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\">\n<div style=\"background:#12303f;color:#fff;padding:9px 14px;font-size:14px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.3px;position:relative;z-index:2;\">STRENGTH VALUES<\/div>\n<div style=\"position:relative;z-index:2;\">\n<div style=\"padding:12px 10px 0;\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 740 610\" style=\"width:100%;height:auto;display:block;\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" role=\"img\"><rect x=\"16\" y=\"6\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"#12303f\"\/><text x=\"34\" y=\"16\" font-size=\"11.5\" fill=\"#12303f\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">Yield (MPa)<\/text><rect x=\"146\" y=\"6\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"#7fa8bd\"\/><text x=\"164\" y=\"16\" font-size=\"11.5\" fill=\"#12303f\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">Tensile (MPa)<\/text><text x=\"16\" y=\"44\" font-size=\"12.5\" font-weight=\"bold\" fill=\"#12303f\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">ASTM B575 \/ ASME SB-575 \u00b7 plate, sheet, strip<\/text><rect x=\"16\" y=\"50\" width=\"562.4\" height=\"15\" fill=\"#7fa8bd\"\/><text x=\"585.4\" y=\"62\" font-size=\"11.5\" fill=\"#5b7180\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">690<\/text><rect x=\"16\" y=\"68\" width=\"252.7\" height=\"15\" fill=\"#12303f\"\/><text x=\"275.6\" y=\"80\" font-size=\"11.5\" fill=\"#5b7180\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">310<\/text><text x=\"16\" y=\"108\" font-size=\"12.5\" font-weight=\"bold\" fill=\"#12303f\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">ASTM B574 \/ ASME SB-574 \u00b7 bar (round, square, hexagon) and wire<\/text><rect x=\"16\" y=\"114\" width=\"562.4\" height=\"15\" fill=\"#7fa8bd\"\/><text x=\"585.4\" y=\"126\" font-size=\"11.5\" fill=\"#5b7180\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">690<\/text><rect x=\"16\" y=\"132\" width=\"252.7\" height=\"15\" fill=\"#12303f\"\/><text x=\"275.6\" y=\"144\" font-size=\"11.5\" fill=\"#5b7180\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">310<\/text><text x=\"16\" y=\"172\" font-size=\"12.5\" font-weight=\"bold\" fill=\"#12303f\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">ASTM B622 \/ ASME SB-622 \u00b7 seamless pipe and tube<\/text><rect x=\"16\" y=\"178\" width=\"562.4\" height=\"15\" fill=\"#7fa8bd\"\/><text x=\"585.4\" y=\"190\" font-size=\"11.5\" fill=\"#5b7180\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">690<\/text><rect x=\"16\" y=\"196\" width=\"252.7\" height=\"15\" fill=\"#12303f\"\/><text x=\"275.6\" y=\"208\" font-size=\"11.5\" fill=\"#5b7180\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">310<\/text><text x=\"16\" y=\"236\" font-size=\"12.5\" font-weight=\"bold\" fill=\"#12303f\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">ASTM B619 \/ ASME SB-619 \u00b7 welded pipe<\/text><rect x=\"16\" y=\"242\" width=\"562.4\" height=\"15\" fill=\"#7fa8bd\"\/><text x=\"585.4\" y=\"254\" font-size=\"11.5\" fill=\"#5b7180\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">690<\/text><rect x=\"16\" y=\"260\" width=\"252.7\" height=\"15\" fill=\"#12303f\"\/><text x=\"275.6\" y=\"272\" font-size=\"11.5\" fill=\"#5b7180\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">310<\/text><text x=\"16\" y=\"300\" font-size=\"12.5\" font-weight=\"bold\" fill=\"#12303f\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">European delivery requirement (VDM Metals \u00b7 Metalcor)<\/text><rect x=\"16\" y=\"306\" width=\"562.4\" height=\"15\" fill=\"#7fa8bd\"\/><text x=\"585.4\" y=\"318\" font-size=\"11.5\" fill=\"#5b7180\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">690<\/text><rect x=\"16\" y=\"324\" width=\"252.7\" height=\"15\" fill=\"#12303f\"\/><text x=\"275.6\" y=\"336\" font-size=\"11.5\" fill=\"#5b7180\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">310<\/text><text x=\"16\" y=\"364\" font-size=\"12.5\" font-weight=\"bold\" fill=\"#12303f\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">TYPICAL \u00b7 plate (Haynes International)<\/text><rect x=\"16\" y=\"370\" width=\"640.6\" height=\"15\" fill=\"#7fa8bd\"\/><text x=\"663.6\" y=\"382\" font-size=\"11.5\" fill=\"#5b7180\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">786<\/text><rect x=\"16\" y=\"388\" width=\"303.2\" height=\"15\" fill=\"#12303f\"\/><text x=\"326.2\" y=\"400\" font-size=\"11.5\" fill=\"#5b7180\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">372<\/text><text x=\"16\" y=\"428\" font-size=\"12.5\" font-weight=\"bold\" fill=\"#12303f\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">TYPICAL \u00b7 sheet (Haynes International)<\/text><rect x=\"16\" y=\"434\" width=\"652.0\" height=\"15\" fill=\"#7fa8bd\"\/><text x=\"675.0\" y=\"446\" font-size=\"11.5\" fill=\"#5b7180\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">800<\/text><rect x=\"16\" y=\"452\" width=\"331.7\" height=\"15\" fill=\"#12303f\"\/><text x=\"354.7\" y=\"464\" font-size=\"11.5\" fill=\"#5b7180\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">407<\/text><text x=\"16\" y=\"492\" font-size=\"12.5\" font-weight=\"bold\" fill=\"#12303f\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">TYPICAL \u00b7 bar (Haynes International)<\/text><rect x=\"16\" y=\"498\" width=\"623.5\" height=\"15\" fill=\"#7fa8bd\"\/><text x=\"646.5\" y=\"510\" font-size=\"11.5\" fill=\"#5b7180\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">765<\/text><rect x=\"16\" y=\"516\" width=\"292.6\" height=\"15\" fill=\"#12303f\"\/><text x=\"315.6\" y=\"528\" font-size=\"11.5\" fill=\"#5b7180\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">359<\/text><text x=\"16\" y=\"556\" font-size=\"12.5\" font-weight=\"bold\" fill=\"#12303f\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">TYPICAL \u00b7 bar (Carpenter Technology)<\/text><rect x=\"16\" y=\"562\" width=\"612.1\" height=\"15\" fill=\"#7fa8bd\"\/><text x=\"635.1\" y=\"574\" font-size=\"11.5\" fill=\"#5b7180\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">751<\/text><rect x=\"16\" y=\"580\" width=\"308.9\" height=\"15\" fill=\"#12303f\"\/><text x=\"331.9\" y=\"592\" font-size=\"11.5\" fill=\"#5b7180\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">379<\/text><\/svg><\/div>\n<div style=\"padding:12px 12px 2px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\"><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"overflow-x:auto;position:relative;z-index:2;\">\n<table style=\"width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:13.5px;min-width:430px;background:transparent;\">\n<tr>\n<th style=\"padding:7px 9px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:#12303f;background:#F2F6F8;border:1px solid #eceff1;\">Condition<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding:7px 9px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:#12303f;background:#F2F6F8;border:1px solid #eceff1;\">Hardness<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding:7px 9px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:#12303f;background:#F2F6F8;border:1px solid #eceff1;\">Yield MPa<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding:7px 9px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:#12303f;background:#F2F6F8;border:1px solid #eceff1;\">Tensile MPa<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding:7px 9px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:#12303f;background:#F2F6F8;border:1px solid #eceff1;\">Elongation<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">ASTM B575 \/ ASME SB-575 \u00b7 plate, sheet, strip<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">100 HRB max (aim value, not an acceptance criterion)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">310<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">690<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">45%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">ASTM B574 \/ ASME SB-574 \u00b7 bar (round, square, hexagon) and wire<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">\u2014<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">310<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">690<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">45%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">ASTM B622 \/ ASME SB-622 \u00b7 seamless pipe and tube<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">\u2014<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">310<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">690<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">45%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">ASTM B619 \/ ASME SB-619 \u00b7 welded pipe<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">\u2014<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">310<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">690<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">45%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">European delivery requirement (VDM Metals \u00b7 Metalcor)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">240 HB max (Metalcor)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">310<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">690-950<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">45%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">TYPICAL \u00b7 plate (Haynes International)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">88 HRBW<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">372<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">786<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">62%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">TYPICAL \u00b7 sheet (Haynes International)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">88 HRBW<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">407<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">800<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">57%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">TYPICAL \u00b7 bar (Haynes International)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">84 HRBW<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">359<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">765<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">70%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">TYPICAL \u00b7 bar (Carpenter Technology)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">\u2014<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">379<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">751<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">66%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"padding:6px 14px 12px;font-size:12px;color:#5b7180;line-height:1.7;border-top:1px solid #f0f3f5;position:relative;z-index:2;\"><b style=\"color:#12303f;\">THE FIRST FOUR ROWS ARE ASTM SPECIFICATION MINIMUMS for room temperature. THE FIFTH ROW is the European (VDM Metals \/ Metalcor, EN \/ VdTUV 479) delivery requirement. THE LAST FOUR ROWS are producer TYPICAL values, NOT specification requirements; a typical value never goes into a calculation. BECAUSE N06022 IS NOT PRECIPITATION HARDENABLE, the rows are split by SPECIFICATION and PRODUCT FORM, not by ageing condition; there is NO condition column such as H900 or H1075. What stands out on the ASTM side is this: B575 (plate-sheet-strip), B574 (bar), B619 (welded pipe) and B622 (seamless pipe and tube) all carry THE SAME minimum set \u2014 690 MPa tensile, 310 MPa yield, 45% elongation. THERE IS NO AMS ROW: no verified AMS specification could be found for N06022.<\/b> In the chart, a value given as a range is drawn at its lower bound; the full range is in the table. A SPECIFICATION MINIMUM AND A TYPICAL VALUE ARE NOT MIXED. The typical plate tensile strength is 786 MPa and the specification minimum is 690 MPa; 690 MPa is what goes into the calculation. THE MINIMUMS OF ASTM B575, B574, B619 AND B622 ARE THE SAME (690 \/ 310 MPa \/ 45%). This means the strength calculation does not change when the product form changes. C-276 (N10276) CARRIES DIFFERENT VALUES IN THE SAME SPECIFICATIONS: 690 \/ 283 MPa \/ 40%. The same specification number must not be taken to mean the same values; the UNS number is what is looked for on the certificate. See the comparison diagram. Numerical minimums for ASTM B564 (forgings), B462 (flanges), B626 (welded tube) and B366 (fittings) could not EACH be confirmed by 4 independent sources and are therefore NOT IN THIS TABLE. When placing an order the value must be confirmed from the specification text. HARDNESS: on the ASTM side only the 100 HRB (aim) maximum could be verified for N06022. The N06022 counterpart of the 210 HB maximum that appears for C-276 in the ASTM B574 table could not be confirmed by 4 sources; a single source (HT Pipe) gives 200 HB, and since the same page also gives the mechanical minimums for this alloy incorrectly it has not been used. The 240 HB maximum from Metalcor sits in the European delivery requirement row and is not mixed with ASTM. THE HRC COLUMN IS EMPTY AND MUST STAY EMPTY. Solution annealed N06022 sits on the HRB scale (84-88 HRBW typical); the HRC scale is not used for this hardness range. An order text asking for an HRC value is wrong for this alloy. COLD WORKED VALUES ARE NOT IN THE TABLE. Cold forming raises strength, but that is not a specification minimum, and re-solution annealing is mandatory once the outer fibre elongation exceeds 7% \u2014 which takes the strength away again. ELEVATED TEMPERATURE VALUES ARE NOT IN THE TABLE. A single source (Virgamet) gives about 524 MPa tensile and 63% elongation at 760 \u00b0C; it could not be confirmed by 4 independent sources. In any case, continuous service above 677 \u00b0C is already outside the code ceiling.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><!-- \/dm-diy-sert --><\/p>\n<div style=\"border:1px solid #d7dfe4;background:#ffffff;margin:24px 0 18px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\">\n<div style=\"background:#DD3333;color:#ffffff;font-size:13px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.04em;text-transform:uppercase;padding:10px 12px;line-height:1.35;\">SPECIFICATION MINIMA \u2014 These Are What You Certify To<\/div>\n<p><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<table style=\"border-collapse:collapse;width:100%;font-size:15px;line-height:1.5;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>ASTM B575 \/ SB-575<\/b> plate, sheet, strip \u00b7 <b>B574 \/ SB-574<\/b> rod \u00b7 solution annealed<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">Rp0.2 <b>\u2265310 MPa (45 ksi)<\/b> \u00b7 Rm <b>\u2265690 MPa (100 ksi)<\/b> \u00b7 A <b>\u226545 %<\/b> \u2014 same in both<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\"><b>VdT\u00dcV WB 479<\/b><br \/>plate and coil \u22643 mm \u00b7 plate 3\u201350 mm \u00b7 bar 10\u201390 mm<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">Rp0.2 <b>\u2265310 MPa<\/b> \u00b7 <b>Rp1.0 \u2265335 MPa<\/b> \u00b7 Rm <b>690\u2013950 MPa (A RANGE)<\/b> \u00b7 A <b>\u226545 %<\/b> \u00b7 <b>HB \u2264240<\/b> \u00b7 impact ISO-V KV\u2082 <b>\u2265120 J at 20 \u00b0C<\/b> and <b>\u226596 J at \u2212196 \u00b0C<\/b>. <b>SOURCES DISAGREE ON HARDNESS, do not publish a single figure:<\/b> <b>87\u2013100 HRB<\/b> against ASTM B575 (one publisher), <b>85 HRB max<\/b> (one distributor), <b>HB \u2264240<\/b> (VdT\u00dcV) \u2014 <b>quote the applicable standard&#8217;s table on the enquiry<\/b>. <b>VdT\u00dcV elevated-temperature Rp0.2 \/ Rp1.0 minima:<\/b> 100 \u00b0C <b>270 \/ 290<\/b> \u00b7 200 \u00b0C <b>225 \/ 245<\/b> \u00b7 <b>300 \u00b0C ~195 \/ ~215<\/b> \u00b7 400 \u00b0C <b>175 \/ 195 MPa<\/b>. <b>CAUTION: the 300 \u00b0C row as machine-extracted from the mill PDF contained an obvious transcription fault<\/b> (Rp0.2 printed above the 200 \u00b0C value); the pair given is the only monotonic one the column sequence permits \u2014 <b>verify it against the printed document before publishing<\/b>. <b>These are the values the design calculation uses on the VdT\u00dcV route; the ASME equivalents are in Sec. II Part D and not published here<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"border:1px solid #d7dfe4;background:#ffffff;margin:24px 0 18px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\">\n<div style=\"background:#DD3333;color:#ffffff;font-size:13px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.04em;text-transform:uppercase;padding:10px 12px;line-height:1.35;\">TYPICAL MILL VALUES \u2014 NEVER CERTIFY TO THESE<\/div>\n<p><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<table style=\"border-collapse:collapse;width:100%;font-size:15px;line-height:1.5;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\">Sheet \u00b7 plate \u00b7 bar (Rp0.2 \/ Rm \/ A)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">Sheet <b>407 \/ 800 MPa \/ 57 %<\/b> (88 HRBW) and <b>434 \/ 841 \/ 54 %<\/b> (93 HRB) \u00b7 Plate <b>372 \/ 786 \/ 62 %<\/b>, <b>365 \/ 772 \/ 62 %<\/b>, <b>345 \/ 724 \/ 67 %<\/b> (172 HBW) \u00b7 Bar <b>359 \/ 765 \/ 70 %<\/b> and <b>379 \/ 793 \/ 60 %<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\"><b>All four publishers agree on the shape<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\"><b>Typical Rm 720\u2013840 \u00b7 Rp0.2 345\u2013435 MPa \u00b7 A 54\u201370 %<\/b>; typical tensile runs <b>5\u201322 %<\/b> and typical yield <b>11\u201340 % above<\/b> the minimum. <b>This margin is NOT a design allowance \u2014 put the minimum in the calculation<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\">Elevated temperature and impact, typical<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">Plate at <b>760 \u00b0C<\/b>: <b>214 \/ 524 MPa \/ 68 %<\/b> (single publisher) \u00b7 <b>Charpy V-notch: 568 J (419 ft-lbf) at room temperature, 469 J (346 ft-lbf) at \u2212196 \u00b0C<\/b>. <b>The alloy has NO ductile-to-brittle transition<\/b> \u2014 that is why it is used cryogenically<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\"><b>All-weld metal, GTAW, room temperature<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">Rm <b>779 MPa<\/b> \u00b7 Rp0.2 <b>524 MPa<\/b> \u00b7 A <b>47 %<\/b>; weld impact 148 ft-lbf GTAW, 135 ft-lbf GMAW short-arc. <b>Weld metal OVER-MATCHES the base metal in yield by ~40 %<\/b> and under-matches in elongation. <b>A single &#8220;yield strength&#8221; figure is meaningless: minimum 310 \u00b7 typical plate 345\u2013372 \u00b7 typical sheet 407\u2013434 \u00b7 weld metal 524 MPa<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<h4 id=\"dm-b5\" style=\"font-size:19px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;margin:30px 0 10px;line-height:1.35;\">Physical Properties<\/h4>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 12px;font-size:15px;line-height:1.75;\"><b>The source divergences in this section are real and have not been hidden:<\/b> publishers do not agree on density, melting range, thermal conductivity, resistivity or specific heat. <b>For weight calculations and thermal design, use the figure from the mill that supplied the material.<\/b><\/p>\n<div style=\"border:1px solid #d7dfe4;background:#ffffff;margin:24px 0 18px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\">\n<div style=\"background:#DD3333;color:#ffffff;font-size:13px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.04em;text-transform:uppercase;padding:10px 12px;line-height:1.35;\">Physical Properties \u00b7 Hastelloy C-22 (N06022)<\/div>\n<p><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<table style=\"border-collapse:collapse;width:100%;font-size:15px;line-height:1.5;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>Density, 20 \u00b0C<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>8.69 g\/cm\u00b3<\/b> (three publishers) \u00b7 <b>8.7<\/b> (three publishers) \u00b7 <b>8.61\u20138.62<\/b> (two publishers). <b>Publish 8.6\u20138.7 g\/cm\u00b3<\/b>; for weight calculation use <b>the supplying mill&#8217;s figure<\/b>. <b>Melting range:<\/b> 1357\u20131399 \u00b7 1354\u20131388 \u00b7 1351\u20131387 \u00b7 1360\u20131400 \u00b7 1335\u20131380 \u00b0C \u2014 <b>five publishers, five ranges; publish \u22481350\u20131400 \u00b0C<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\"><b>Modulus and thermal expansion<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">Modulus at room temperature <b>206 GPa<\/b> (three publishers), 207 and 209 \u2014 <b>a tight cluster, publish 206\u2013209 GPa<\/b>; <b>173 GPa<\/b> at 600 \u00b0C. Expansion <b>20\u2013100 \u00b0C: 12.4 \u00d7 10\u207b\u2076 \/K<\/b> (6.9 \u00b5in\/in\u00b7\u00b0F) \u2014 <b>five publishers agree<\/b>; <b>the 11.1 printed by one publisher is a lone outlier, treat it as an erratum<\/b>. 20\u2013500 \u00b0C <b>13.4<\/b> \u00b7 at 600 \u00b0C <b>14.3 \u00d7 10\u207b\u2076 \/K<\/b> (single publisher each)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>Conductivity \u00b7 resistivity \u00b7 specific heat<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">Conductivity at ~20 \u00b0C: <b>10.1 W\/m\u00b7K<\/b> (four publishers) and <b>9.4 W\/m\u00b7K<\/b> (two publishers) \u2014 <b>two families, print both<\/b>; <b>21.3<\/b> at 600 \u00b0C. Resistivity at 20 \u00b0C: <b>1.14 \u00b5\u03a9\u00b7m<\/b> (two publishers) and <b>1.21\u20131.23 \u00b5\u03a9\u00b7m<\/b> (three publishers) \u2014 <b>a ~7 % spread<\/b>. Specific heat at ~20\u201350 \u00b0C: 414 \u00b7 406 \u00b7 422 \u00b7 381 J\/kg\u00b7K \u2192 <b>\u2248380\u2013425 J\/kg\u00b7K<\/b>; <b>514<\/b> at 600 \u00b0C<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\"><b>Magnetic behaviour<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">Fully austenitic <b>FCC, non-magnetic<\/b>; relative permeability <b>\u22641.001 at 200 oersted<\/b> \u2014 <b>single publisher<\/b>. The alloy does not become magnetic through cold work (the FCC matrix is stable, with no martensitic transformation); but <b>no publisher gives a permeability value after cold work \u2014 DO NOT CLAIM a guaranteed post-cold-work \u00b5r without a test<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<h4 id=\"dm-b6\" style=\"font-size:19px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;margin:30px 0 10px;line-height:1.35;\">Heat Treatment and Thermal Stability<\/h4>\n<p><!-- dm-diy-isil --><\/p>\n<div style=\"border:1px solid #e3e9ec;margin:22px 0 26px;background:#fff;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\">\n<div style=\"background:#12303f;color:#fff;padding:9px 14px;font-size:14px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.3px;position:relative;z-index:2;\">HEAT TREATMENT \u2014 SCHEMATIC<\/div>\n<div style=\"position:relative;z-index:2;\">\n<div style=\"padding:10px 12px 2px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\"><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"position:relative;z-index:2;\">\n<div style=\"font-size:13.5px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;margin:6px 0 6px;\">SOLUTION ANNEAL \u2014 this is the only heat treatment<\/div>\n<table style=\"width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:13.5px;background:transparent;\">\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Step<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">SOLUTION ANNEAL \u2014 this is the only heat treatment<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Summary<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">The only valid heat treatment for this alloy. It reverses cold work, takes precipitates back into solid solution and restores corrosion resistance. It does NOT raise strength; it lowers it. This is the delivery condition.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Temperature<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">Sources spread between 1104 \u00b0C and 1177 \u00b0C, ALL NAMED: Haynes International 1121 \u00b0C (2050 \u00b0F) \u00b7 Haynes International (heat treatment guide) tolerance \u00b114 \u00b0C (\u00b125 \u00b0F) \u00b7 Carpenter Technology 1120 \u00b0C (2050 \u00b0F) \u00b7 VDM Metals 1105-1135 \u00b0C (2021-2075 \u00b0F) \u00b7 Corrosion Materials 1104-1177 \u00b0C (2020-2150 \u00b0F) \u00b7 AZoM (VDM Nicrofer 5621 hMoW) 1121 \u00b0C (2050 \u00b0F) \u00b7 Virgamet 1120 \u00b114 \u00b0C. NO SINGLE FIGURE IS WRITTEN; the requirement of whichever specification the order was placed against is the one that applies.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Time<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">Haynes International 10-30 minutes (depending on thickness) \u00b7 Carpenter Technology 2 hours at 1120 \u00b0C \u00b7 Virgamet 30 minutes \u00b7 HT Pipe about 1 hour per 25 mm of section. The sources disagree and no single figure could be confirmed by 4 independent sources, so none is written.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Cooling<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">A WATER QUENCH IS MANDATORY \u2014 it is a metallurgical requirement, not a preference. Haynes International: &#8216;water quenching is advised&#8217;; rapid air cooling is feasible below 10 mm, water quenching is highly recommended above 9.5 mm thickness, and rapid cooling must begin within 3 minutes of removal from the furnace. VDM Metals: &#8216;Cooling down should be accelerated with water to achieve optimum corrosion properties&#8217;. Carpenter Technology: water quench. Corrosion Materials: rapid quench; &#8216;cooling at an accelerated rate avoids the formation of detrimental phases which form between 400 F and 1800 F&#8217;. Slow cooling precipitates mu phase while passing through the band below and voids the treatment.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Purpose<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">After hot forming; after any cold forming operation with an outer fibre elongation of 7% or more (a Haynes International requirement); after welding where maximum corrosion resistance is required; to recover a part that has been held at an intermediate temperature. This is the delivery condition: ASTM B575 \/ B574 \/ B622 \/ B619 all call for solution annealed and descaled material.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Specifications<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">ASTM B575 \u00b7 B574 \u00b7 B622 \u00b7 B619 \u00b7 B626 \u00b7 B564 \u00b7 B462 \u00b7 B366<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"padding:10px 12px 2px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\"><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"position:relative;z-index:2;\">\n<div style=\"font-size:13.5px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;margin:6px 0 6px;\">Range to avoid<\/div>\n<table style=\"width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:13.5px;background:transparent;\">\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Step<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">DETRIMENTAL PRECIPITATION BAND \u2014 this is NOT a hardening cycle, it is the region to avoid<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Temperature<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">The sources disagree about the lower end of the band, ALL NAMED: Haynes International 538-982 \u00b0C (1000-1800 \u00b0F) \u2014 the band in which unwanted phases form during slow cooling \u00b7 Haynes International (welding) 538-816 \u00b0C (1000-1500 \u00b0F) \u2014 the band in which post-weld heat treatment is to be avoided \u00b7 Corrosion Materials 204-982 \u00b0C (400-1800 \u00b0F) \u2014 the band in which detrimental phases form. THE PEER-REVIEWED MEASUREMENT RANGE IS NARROWER: MRS Online Proceedings (C-22 alloy aged in the 590-760 \u00b0C range for 16,000 hours) reports precipitation across the WHOLE of the 593-760 \u00b0C range. NO SINGLE BAND IS WRITTEN; the widest common warning is 538-982 \u00b0C, and 593-760 \u00b0C is the core region confirmed by measurement.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Result<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">A part held in this band loses corrosion resistance and toughness. There is one way back: a full solution anneal plus water quench.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Phases<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">Mu (\u03bc) phase \u2014 forms at ALL of the temperatures studied in the peer-reviewed work and becomes predominant at the higher ones; at 649-760 \u00b0C mu phase is reported covering ALL of the grain boundaries and also distributed through the bulk; at 593 \u00b0C mu phase FILMS OF UNIFORM THICKNESS develop on the grain boundaries. Discrete carbide particles \u2014 reported at the lowest ageing temperature (593 \u00b0C). Ordered Ni2(Cr,Mo) phase \u2014 detected in samples aged at 593 \u00b0C. THE UPSHOT: strength INCREASES somewhat with ageing, but DUCTILITY AND IMPACT TOUGHNESS FALL because of the grain boundary precipitates and the brittle intermetallics. That is why this band is a forbidden region, not a hardening recipe.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"padding:10px 12px 2px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\"><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"position:relative;z-index:2;\">\n<div style=\"font-size:13.5px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;margin:6px 0 6px;\">Additional information<\/div>\n<table style=\"width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:13.5px;background:transparent;\">\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Treatments to avoid<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">STRESS RELIEVING (538-816 \u00b0C): not applied. Haynes International asks that post-weld heat treatment in this band be avoided. \u00b7 AGEING \/ PRECIPITATION HARDENING: there is NO such step. Conditions like H900, H1025, H1075 and H1150 do not belong to this alloy. \u00b7 SLOW COOLING AFTER THE SOLUTION ANNEAL (in the furnace or in still air on a heavy section): it voids the treatment. \u00b7 CONTINUOUS SERVICE ABOVE 677 \u00b0C: the ASME code ceiling is 677 \u00b0C (Section I and Section VIII Div. 1); for ASME Section III Class 1 the ceiling is 427 \u00b0C.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"padding:6px 14px 12px;font-size:12px;color:#5b7180;line-height:1.7;border-top:1px solid #f0f3f5;position:relative;z-index:2;\">The diagram is schematic; the time axis is not to scale. Hastelloy C-22 is a SOLID SOLUTION alloy and is NOT PRECIPITATION HARDENABLE \u2014 there is NO ageing step, so no ageing diagram is drawn. No curve is drawn because no published TTT\/CCT curve was used. The diagram is schematic; the time axis is not to scale. No curve is drawn because no published TTT\/CCT curve was used. Hastelloy C-22 is a SOLID SOLUTION alloy. There is NO ageing step; hardness rises only with cold work and is removed again by the solution anneal. THE &#8216;AGEING&#8217; WORDING ON THE AZoM PAGE HAS NOT BEEN USED. That page states, for Nicrofer 5621, that the material &#8216;can be aged at temperatures ranging from 510-1037 C to enhance the hardness and tensile strength&#8217;. That wording is THE PRECIPITATION BAND TO BE AVOIDED being mistaken for a heat treatment recipe; it appears as an ageing recipe on no producer data sheet, and the peer-reviewed work shows ductility and impact toughness FALLING in the same band. It is not in the diagram. NO SINGLE SOLUTION ANNEALING FIGURE IS WRITTEN: the producer practice band (1104-1177 \u00b0C) and the specification requirement are not the same thing. No numerical solution annealing temperature for N06022 could be found in the texts of ASTM B619 and B622; those specifications call only for the &#8216;solution annealed&#8217; condition. THE 1040-1120 \u00b0C FIGURE FOR ASTM B574 COULD NOT BE CONFIRMED. A single source (HT Pipe&#8217;s ASTM B574 summary page) gives 1040-1120 \u00b0C (1900-2050 \u00b0F) for N06022. The same page also gives the mechanical minimums for the same alloy incorrectly (see the conflicts list), so that temperature band IS NOT in the diagram. SIGMA PHASE AND P PHASE ARE NOT WRITTEN. The peer-reviewed source that could be read reports mu phase, discrete carbides and ordered Ni2(Cr,Mo) in C-22; no confirmed C-22-specific data on sigma or P phase could be obtained. The paper &#8216;Topologically close-packed phase precipitation and thermal stability in alloy 22&#8217; in Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A could not be accessed (the publisher refused the request), so its content has not been used. THE QUENCH EXCEPTION: Haynes International treats rapid air cooling as sufficient for sections below 10 mm, and water quenching is highly recommended above 9.5 mm thickness. The exception belongs to thin section and is not generalised to heavy section.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><!-- \/dm-diy-isil --><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 12px;font-size:15px;line-height:1.75;\"><b>C-22 has exactly ONE heat treatment: a full solution anneal plus rapid quench. This alloy has NO stress-relief treatment.<\/b> C-22 is <b>a metastable solid solution<\/b>; everything above 12 % Mo wants to precipitate out on cooling. <b>The purpose of the anneal is to FREEZE the supersaturated solid solution<\/b>; slow cooling <b>recreates<\/b> the very problem the anneal was performed to remove.<\/p>\n<div style=\"border:1px solid #d7dfe4;background:#ffffff;margin:24px 0 18px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\">\n<div style=\"background:#DD3333;color:#ffffff;font-size:13px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.04em;text-transform:uppercase;padding:10px 12px;line-height:1.35;\">Solution Anneal \u2014 the Most Consequential Divergence in the Whole Datasheet<\/div>\n<p><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<table style=\"border-collapse:collapse;width:100%;font-size:15px;line-height:1.5;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>Originator route<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>1121 \u00b0C (2050 \u00b0F)<\/b> \u00b7 <b>10\u201330 minutes<\/b> depending on thickness \u00b7 <b>water quench advised<\/b>; rapid air cooling <b>only below 10 mm (0.375 in)<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\"><b>German mill route<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\"><b>1105\u20131135 \u00b0C (2021\u20132075 \u00b0F)<\/b> \u00b7 <b>accelerated water cooling<\/b> for optimum corrosion properties; rapid air cooling <b>only below ~1.5 mm<\/b>. Distributors: <b>~1 h per 25 mm<\/b>; another prints 1093\u20131177 \u00b0C. <b>THERE IS NO CONTRADICTION ON TEMPERATURE: 1121 \u00b0C lies INSIDE the 1105\u20131135 \u00b0C band<\/b> \u2014 publish <b>&#8220;1105\u20131135 \u00b0C (nominal 1121 \u00b0C), rapid quench&#8221;<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>AIR-COOL THRESHOLD: a 6.7\u00d7 difference<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>The originator says 10 mm, the German mill says 1.5 mm. For anything heavier than ~1.5 mm, specify a water quench and require the quench medium to be stated on the MTC.<\/b> This is not a formality: <b>an incorrectly cooled plate looks perfect, passes hydrotest, and has already lost most of its corrosion resistance<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"border:1px solid #d7dfe4;background:#ffffff;margin:24px 0 18px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\">\n<div style=\"background:#DD3333;color:#ffffff;font-size:13px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.04em;text-transform:uppercase;padding:10px 12px;line-height:1.35;\">Detrimental Phases, Windows and WHAT MUST NOT BE PUBLISHED<\/div>\n<p><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<table style=\"border-collapse:collapse;width:100%;font-size:15px;line-height:1.5;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>\u03bc (mu) phase<\/b> \u2014 TCP intermetallic<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>Forms across the whole 593\u2013760 \u00b0C range.<\/b> <b>At 593 \u00b0C it appears as a CONTINUOUS FILM OF UNIFORM THICKNESS on the grain boundaries<\/b>; <b>at 649\u2013760 \u00b0C it covers all grain boundaries AND distributes through the bulk matrix.<\/b> <b>It is the principal embrittler and the cause of intergranular corrosion.<\/b> The data come from a study in which C-22 was aged at 590\u2013760 \u00b0C for <b>up to 16 000 hours<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\">Carbides, ordered phase and TCP in weld metal<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\"><b>M\u2086C \/ M\u2082\u2083C\u2086<\/b>: discrete particles on grain boundaries at 593 \u00b0C \u2014 <b>secondary because C \u22640.015 %, but present<\/b> \u00b7 <b>Ni\u2082(Cr,Mo) long-range ordered (LRO) phase<\/b>: observed at 593 \u00b0C, hardens and reduces ductility \u00b7 <b>TCP in weld metal<\/b>: progressive precipitation in interdendritic regions at <b>870 \u00b0C<\/b>, <b>TCP solvus 1271 \u00b0C<\/b>, <b>1300 \u00b0C causes undesirable grain growth<\/b>; the seed is <b>molybdenum micro-segregation<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>DO NOT PUBLISH<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>P phase and \u03c3 phase<\/b> are named as TCP phases of this system, but <b>their temperature\/time windows have not been quantified for C-22 in any open source \u2014 DO NOT PUBLISH A WINDOW<\/b> \u00b7 <b>no published TTT curve, nose temperature or time-to-sensitisation was found for N06022<\/b> (a mill publishes &#8220;a few minutes&#8221; for C-276 and &#8220;~2 hours&#8221; for alloy 59; <b>there is no equivalent figure for alloy 22<\/b>) \u2014 <b>do not invent an incubation time<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\"><b>THE EFFECT, QUANTIFIED, AND THE PRODUCT-PAGE RULE<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">After <b>2000\u201316 000 hours<\/b> at 593\u2013760 \u00b0C <b>strength rises and ductility falls<\/b>; in corrosion terms <b>ASTM G28 Method A goes from ~30\u201335 mpy mill-annealed to 872 mpy after sensitisation at 871 \u00b0C<\/b> \u2014 <b>a 25\u201329\u00d7 degradation; the alloy is effectively destroyed as a corrosion material<\/b>. The originator: &#8220;<b>PWHT in the 538\u2013816 \u00b0C range should be avoided<\/b>&#8220;; for brazing, &#8220;<b>minimise exposure to approximately 538\u2013982 \u00b0C<\/b>&#8220;, and normal cooling rates are &#8220;<b>usually TOO SLOW to prevent carbide precipitation<\/b>&#8220;. <b>Combined rule: do not hold C-22 in \u2248540\u2013980 \u00b0C, do not slow-cool through it, do not stress-relieve in it.<\/b> The distributor advice <b>&#8220;stress relief 590\u2013650 \u00b0C, 1\u20132 h, air cool&#8221;<\/b> sits <b>INSIDE the \u03bc-phase field and NO mill publisher supports it<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"border:1px solid #d7dfe4;background:#ffffff;margin:24px 0 18px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\">\n<div style=\"background:#DD3333;color:#ffffff;font-size:13px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.04em;text-transform:uppercase;padding:10px 12px;line-height:1.35;\">Hot and Cold Working<\/div>\n<p><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<table style=\"border-collapse:collapse;width:100%;font-size:15px;line-height:1.5;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>Hot-working range \u2014 A DIVERGENCE<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>Originator 1232 \u2192 954 \u00b0C (2250 \u2192 1750 \u00b0F)<\/b> \u00b7 <b>German mill 1100 \u2192 900 \u00b0C<\/b>. <b>More than 130 \u00b0C apart; DO NOT AVERAGE THEM<\/b> \u2014 agree the range with the forge shop against the mill whose material you bought. Reduction per pass <b>25\u201340 % is beneficial, do NOT exceed 40 %<\/b>; <b>the material MUST be annealed after hot working<\/b>, with rapid cooling. Because of the low thermal conductivity the piece loses heat fast and <b>the working range is narrow<\/b>; the originator says it is &#8220;<b>more sensitive to the amounts and rates of hot reduction than austenitic stainless steels<\/b>&#8221; \u2014 <b>budget more reheats<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\"><b>Re-anneal trigger after cold work \u2014 A DIVERGENCE<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\"><b>Originator: re-anneal above ~7 % outer-fibre elongation<\/b> \u2014 and it warns explicitly that <b>annealing BELOW ~7\u201310 % OFE is NOT advised because it causes ABNORMAL GRAIN GROWTH<\/b> \u00b7 <b>German mill: above 15 % cold forming<\/b>. <b>Two different rules; pick one and write it into the procedure.<\/b> Multi-stage forming requires <b>an intermediate anneal after each stage<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>LUBRICANT WARNING \u2014 publish it<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">&#8220;<b>Lubricants that contain white lead, zinc compounds or molybdenum disulphide are not recommended<\/b> because they are difficult to remove and can cause <b>lead, zinc or sulphur to diffuse into the alloy during subsequent annealing, resulting in SEVERE EMBRITTLEMENT<\/b>.&#8221; <b>This is not theoretical; it is a recurring fabrication-floor failure<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<h4 id=\"dm-b7\" style=\"font-size:19px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;margin:30px 0 10px;line-height:1.35;\">Welding<\/h4>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 12px;font-size:15px;line-height:1.75;\"><b>C-22 is designed to be used as welded<\/b> \u2014 not as a slogan but a direct consequence of the chemistry: <b>C \u22640.015 % and Si \u22640.08 %<\/b> are held low so the HAZ does not sensitise on a normal weld thermal cycle. <b>But the claim is narrow, and below we state exactly where it ends.<\/b><\/p>\n<div style=\"border:1px solid #d7dfe4;background:#ffffff;margin:24px 0 18px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\">\n<div style=\"background:#DD3333;color:#ffffff;font-size:13px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.04em;text-transform:uppercase;padding:10px 12px;line-height:1.35;\">Welding \u00b7 Processes, Consumables and Parameters<\/div>\n<p><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<table style=\"border-collapse:collapse;width:100%;font-size:15px;line-height:1.5;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\">Processes and filler<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>GTAW (TIG), GMAW (MIG), SMAW<\/b> \u2014 all four mill publishers; one mill adds <b>plasma<\/b> and states &#8220;<b>the TIG method is preferable<\/b>&#8220;. <b>SUBMERGED ARC WELDING (SAW) IS NOT RECOMMENDED.<\/b> <b>Autogenous welding is permitted and standardised<\/b> \u2014 ASTM B626 welded tube is made <b>without filler metal<\/b>. Matching filler <b>ERNiCrMo-10<\/b> and <b>ENiCrMo-10<\/b>; <b>over-alloyed alternatives ERNiCrMo-13<\/b> (alloy 59) and <b>ERNiCrMo-14<\/b> (alloy 686 type) \u2014 established practice for overlays at risk of dilution and for extreme-chloride service<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\"><b>Preheat \u00b7 interpass \u00b7 heat input<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\"><b>No preheat is required; ambient temperature is sufficient.<\/b> Interpass: <b>originator 93 \u00b0C (200 \u00b0F)<\/b> \u00b7 <b>German mill 120 \u00b0C<\/b> \u2014 <b>use 93 \u00b0C when both apply<\/b>. Heat input: <b>the originator gives NO numeric limit<\/b> (&#8220;low-to-moderate range&#8221;); <b>the numbers belong to the German mill alone: manual TIG \/ GMAW 8 kJ\/cm \u00b7 automated TIG-HD 6 kJ\/cm \u00b7 plasma 10 kJ\/cm<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\">Bead technique and shielding gas<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>Stringer beads<\/b>; <b>wide weave beads NOT recommended<\/b>; beads <b>slightly CONVEX<\/b> \u2014 the flat or concave beads accepted on steel must be avoided. <b>GTAW: argon, 99.996 % minimum purity, 9\u201314 L\/min<\/b>; the mill route allows I1\/R1 with max. 3 % H\u2082 \u2014 <b>the originator does NOT sanction hydrogen<\/b>. <b>GMAW: Ar or Ar + 15\u201330 % He<\/b>, 12\u201321 L\/min; <b>&#8220;additions of oxygen or carbon dioxide are to be avoided&#8221;<\/b>. Example (3 mm, manual TIG): root 90 A, fill and cap 110\u2013120 A, travel 15 cm\/min<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\"><b>PWHT \u2014 not merely unnecessary, usually HARMFUL<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">The alloy is solid-solution strengthened; there is no precipitation to develop and no tempering to perform. The originator: &#8220;<b>under the vast majority of service environments corrosion-resistant alloys are used in the as-welded condition and post-weld heat treatment is generally not required<\/b>&#8220;; also &#8220;<b>passivation is normally not required<\/b>&#8220;. <b>Any PWHT in 538\u2013816 \u00b0C precipitates secondary phases; there is NO safe intermediate stress relief.<\/b> The only option is to re-solution-anneal the whole fabrication at <b>1105\u20131135 \u00b0C and quench rapidly<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<p style=\"margin:18px 0 6px;font-size:15px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;line-height:1.5;\">What actually goes wrong<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 12px;font-size:15px;line-height:1.75;\"><b>1. Hot cracking \u2014 the dominant weld defect mode.<\/b> The originator: &#8220;<b>the most common type of weld cracking encountered is HOT CRACKING, which is associated with the presence of liquid in the microstructure<\/b>&#8221; and &#8220;<b>weldments with increased joint thickness are more susceptible<\/b>&#8220;; also &#8220;<b>large CONCAVE weld beads that place the weld surface in tension tend to promote solidification cracking<\/b>&#8221; \u2014 which is why the convex-bead rule exists.<br \/><b>2. Sluggish weld pool.<\/b> &#8220;<b>Ni- and Co-base molten weld metal is comparatively &#8216;sluggish&#8217; \u2026 not as fluid<\/b>.&#8221; Consequence: <b>joint preparations must be OPENED UP relative to stainless practice<\/b> \u2014 wider included angle, larger root gap; otherwise <b>lack of fusion is inevitable<\/b>.<br \/><b>3. Dilution \u2014 the classic C-22 overlay failure.<\/b> Overlaying onto carbon steel or 6Mo stainless <b>dilutes Cr and Mo in the first layer below the alloy&#8217;s own limits<\/b>. Mill overlay data on 6Mo, Green Death CPT: <b>alloy 59 &gt;85 \u00b0C \u00b7 alloy 22 &gt;85 \u00b0C \u00b7 C-276 only 55 \u00b0C<\/b> \u2014 the C-22 overlay holds up, <b>but the test was run at a qualified dilution level<\/b>. <b>Specify TWO LAYERS or require a measured Fe content on the wetted surface.<\/b><br \/><b>4. Molybdenum micro-segregation<\/b> into interdendritic regions is <b>the seed for TCP precipitation<\/b>.<br \/><b>5. DO NOT claim a hot-cracking RANKING.<\/b> Alloy 59 has been published as showing lower sensitivity than C-276 and C-4 in Modified Varestraint testing; <b>C-22 does not appear in the published ranking \u2014 it could not be independently verified<\/b>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:18px 0 6px;font-size:15px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;line-height:1.5;\">The &#8220;as-welded&#8221; claim \u2014 what it covers and what it does not<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 12px;font-size:15px;line-height:1.75;\">The published claim is narrow and should be quoted narrowly: &#8220;<b>HASTELLOY\u00ae C-22\u00ae alloy exhibits excellent resistance to the key inorganic acids, even in welded form.<\/b>&#8221; <b>The measured penalties, however, are real<\/b> (weld metal \/ wrought base metal at 66 \u00b0C, mm\/y): 30 % H\u2082SO\u2084 <b>0.02 \/ 0.01<\/b> \u00b7 <b>50 % H\u2082SO\u2084 0.24 \/ 0.02 \u2014 12\u00d7 WORSE<\/b> \u00b7 70 % 0.26 \/ 0.28 \u2014 equal \u00b7 90 % 0.47 \/ 0.34; at 38 \u00b0C, 15 % HCl 0.28 \/ 0.24 \u00b7 20 % HCl 0.26 \/ 0.20. In ASTM G28: <b>G28A 64.3 \/ 30.0 \u2014 2.1\u00d7<\/b> and <b>G28B 14.2 \/ 4.5 mpy \u2014 3.2\u00d7<\/b>.<br \/><b>What the claim does NOT cover, all four measured:<\/b> <b>(1)<\/b> crevices at a weldment in heavy chloride \u2014 at 70 000 ppm Cl\u207b \/ pH 1 \/ 105 \u00b0C <b>the alloy 22 weldment suffered crevice attack at 0.44 mm\/y<\/b> while alloy 59 did not; <b>(2)<\/b> uniform rates in strong reducing acid \u2014 the <b>12\u00d7<\/b> penalty above; <b>(3)<\/b> any material that has seen <b>538\u2013816 \u00b0C<\/b> AFTER welding (PWHT, adjacent passes, fire, hot service); <b>(4)<\/b> high heat-input welds \u2014 the claim is <b>PREDICATED on heat input \u22648 kJ\/cm and interpass \u226493\u2013120 \u00b0C. Exceed those limits and the claim lapses with them.<\/b><\/p>\n<h4 id=\"dm-b8\" style=\"font-size:19px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;margin:30px 0 10px;line-height:1.35;\">Machining<\/h4>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 12px;font-size:15px;line-height:1.75;\"><b>A caveat that must be stated openly:<\/b> the speed\/feed table the originator publishes is <b>for the corrosion-resistant alloy family, not specifically for C-22<\/b>, and it dates from the <b>uncoated-carbide and HSS era<\/b>. Both it and modern coated-carbide figures are below \u2014 <b>print both and NEVER average them.<\/b><\/p>\n<div style=\"border:1px solid #d7dfe4;background:#ffffff;margin:24px 0 18px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\">\n<div style=\"background:#DD3333;color:#ffffff;font-size:13px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.04em;text-transform:uppercase;padding:10px 12px;line-height:1.35;\">Machining \u00b7 Originator Baseline and Modern Figures<\/div>\n<p><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<table style=\"border-collapse:collapse;width:100%;font-size:15px;line-height:1.5;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\">Turning \u00b7 boring<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">Rough turning: carbide <b>C-2 \/ C-3, NEGATIVE rake<\/b> \u00b7 <b>27 m\/min (90 sfm)<\/b> \u00b7 <b>0.25 mm\/rev<\/b> \u00b7 depth of cut &lt;3.8 mm. Finish: <b>positive rake where possible<\/b> \u00b7 <b>29\u201334 m\/min (95\u2013110 sfm)<\/b> \u00b7 <b>0.13\u20130.18 mm\/rev<\/b> \u00b7 depth 1.0 mm. Boring rough <b>21 m\/min<\/b>, 0.13\u20130.20 mm\/rev; finish <b>29\u201334 m\/min<\/b>, 0.05\u20130.10 mm\/rev<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\">Milling \u00b7 drilling \u00b7 reaming<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">End milling HSS <b>M-40 \/ T-15<\/b>, <b>6.1\u20137.6 m\/min (20\u201325 sfm)<\/b>, 0.05\u20130.10 mm per tooth \u2014 <b>the originator calls carbide C-2 &#8220;marginal performance&#8221;<\/b> (sharp tools, <b>4+ flutes<\/b>). Drilling HSS <b>M-33 \/ M-40 \/ T-15<\/b>, <b>short heavy-web drills, 135\u00b0 point<\/b>, <b>3.0\u20134.6 m\/min<\/b>, <b>max 200 rpm at 6 mm dia. and below<\/b>, 0.03\u20130.18 mm per rev; <b>coolant-feed drills where possible<\/b>; carbide drilling <b>15 m\/min but &#8220;not recommended&#8221;<\/b>. Reaming HSS 3.0\u20134.6 \u00b7 carbide <b>12 m\/min<\/b>. <b>Tapping:<\/b> HSS M-1 \/ M-7 \/ M-10, two-flute <b>spiral-point &#8220;plug&#8221; tap<\/b>, 0\u00b0\u201310\u00b0 hook \u00b7 <b>7 rpm (NOT A TYPOGRAPHICAL ERROR)<\/b> \u00b7 <b>tap drill for 60\u201365 % thread<\/b> \u00b7 <b>sulpho-chlorinated oil-base compound preferred<\/b>; <b>carbide taps NOT recommended<\/b>. EDM \/ wire EDM: &#8220;readily cut using any conventional system&#8221;. General: &#8220;<b>use high-pressure and through-the-tool coolant when possible<\/b>&#8220;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>MODERN COATED CARBIDE \u2014 the divergence is large and real<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">Published modern data for the closely comparable C-276: <b>turning 70\u201390 m\/min (230\u2013300 sfm)<\/b> \u00b7 milling and drilling 50\u201370 m\/min \u00b7 <b>very hard substrate + PVD coating<\/b>, hone 0.02\u20130.05 mm, rake 13\u00b0\u201318\u00b0, ground inserts \u00b7 <b>machinability rating 20 %<\/b>; CBN can run <b>2\u20134\u00d7 faster<\/b> than carbide. <b>That is 2.5\u20133.3\u00d7 the originator&#8217;s 27 m\/min.<\/b> The precondition: <b>a rigid machine, coated inserts, flood or through-tool coolant<\/b>; on an interrupted cut or a springy setup <b>these speeds destroy tools immediately<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\"><b>Rules both camps agree on<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\"><b>Machine in the solution-annealed condition.<\/b> &#8220;<b>Because of the considerably elevated tendency toward work hardening, a low cutting speed and a feed that is not too high should be selected.<\/b>&#8221; <b>&#8220;An adequate chip depth is important in order to cut BELOW the previously formed strain-hardened zone.&#8221;<\/b> Never let the tool dwell or rub: a light springy pass work-hardens the surface and <b>the next pass rides on glass<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<h4 id=\"dm-b9\" style=\"font-size:19px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;margin:30px 0 10px;line-height:1.35;\">Corrosion \u2014 Where It Wins and WHERE IT FAILS<\/h4>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 12px;font-size:15px;line-height:1.75;\"><b>PREN, and why it is not a design criterion here.<\/b> There is no nitrogen in N06022. Using <b>PREN = %Cr + 3.3 \u00d7 (%Mo + 0.5 \u00d7 %W)<\/b>: <b>65.4 at the ASTM minimum<\/b>, <b>76.1 at the maximum<\/b>, <b>\u224870 at nominal<\/b>. One publisher prints <b>65.38\u201376.13<\/b>, exactly reproducing this formula; but <b>the same publisher gives a second column headed &#8220;PREN&#8221; with alloy 22 = 46, C-276 = 45, alloy 59 = 47, alloy 686 = 51<\/b> \u2014 evidently <b>a different formula<\/b>. <b>DO NOT print a bare PREN number without the formula.<\/b> More importantly: <b>PREN is a ranking index for stainless steels<\/b>; for Ni-Cr-Mo alloys it <b>correlates poorly with measured CPT\/CCT and is not a design criterion<\/b>.<\/p>\n<div style=\"border:1px solid #d7dfe4;background:#ffffff;margin:24px 0 18px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\">\n<div style=\"background:#DD3333;color:#ffffff;font-size:13px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.04em;text-transform:uppercase;padding:10px 12px;line-height:1.35;\">Pitting, Crevice and SCC \u2014 EVERY NUMBER WITH ITS OWN SOLUTION<\/div>\n<p><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<table style=\"border-collapse:collapse;width:100%;font-size:15px;line-height:1.5;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>CPT and CCT \u2014 the most misquoted numbers in the whole alloy<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>CPT:<\/b> acidified 6 % FeCl\u2083 <b>&gt;150 \u00b0C<\/b> \u00b7 ASTM G48 C and D <b>&gt;85 \u00b0C<\/b> (85 \u00b0C is the maximum test temperature, so this is a test limit, not a ceiling) \u00b7 Green Death <b>120 \u00b0C<\/b>. <b>CCT:<\/b> acidified 6 % FeCl\u2083 <b>80 \u00b0C<\/b> (<b>the originator&#8217;s CURRENT brochure<\/b>) \u00b7 ASTM G48 C and D <b>75 \u00b0C<\/b> \u00b7 Yellow Death <b>75 \u00b0C<\/b> \u00b7 10 % FeCl\u2083 <b>58 \u00b0C<\/b> \u00b7 Green Death <b>105 \u00b0C<\/b> \u00b7 the legacy datasheet&#8217;s &#8220;NaCl-HCl solution&#8221; <b>102 \u00b0C<\/b>. <b>Six numbers, five solutions \u2014 they are not interchangeable.<\/b> A page that says &#8220;CCT 102 \u00b0C&#8221; is not wrong but is <b>not comparable to a competitor&#8217;s &#8220;CCT 80 \u00b0C&#8221;. Never publish a crevice temperature without its test solution<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\"><b>Stress corrosion cracking<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\"><b>ASTM G36, boiling 45 % MgCl\u2082: NO CRACKING in 1008 hours.<\/b> Legacy data: 20.4 % MgCl\u2082, 204\u2013232 \u00b0C, one week \u2014 <b>no cracking in ALL THREE of the mill-annealed, 20 % cold-worked and 50 % cold-worked conditions<\/b>. <b>For practical purposes C-22 is immune to chloride SCC<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>ASTM G28 \u2014 without the condition this number is MEANINGLESS<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">Mill-annealed plain: Method A <b>30.0 mpy (0.76 mm\/y)<\/b> and <b>35 mpy<\/b> (two publishers) \u00b7 Method B <b>4.5<\/b> and <b>6 mpy<\/b>. Welded: A <b>64.3<\/b> \u00b7 B <b>14.2 mpy<\/b>. <b>Sensitised at 871 \u00b0C: A 872 mpy \u00b7 B 17 mpy.<\/b> <b>Same alloy, same test: 30 \u2192 872 mpy<\/b>, with severe pitting and intergranular attack. <b>Note:<\/b> in one distributor table the <b>G28 rows are shifted by one alloy<\/b>; <b>the mill paper assigns alloy 22 = 872 \/ 17 and C-276 = &gt;500 \/ 339<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"border:1px solid #d7dfe4;background:#ffffff;margin:24px 0 18px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\">\n<div style=\"background:#DD3333;color:#ffffff;font-size:13px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.04em;text-transform:uppercase;padding:10px 12px;line-height:1.35;\">Mineral Acids \u2014 wrought material, reagent grade, laboratory (mm\/y)<\/div>\n<p><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<table style=\"border-collapse:collapse;width:100%;font-size:15px;line-height:1.5;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>Hydrochloric<\/b><br \/>38 \u00b7 52 \u00b7 66 \u00b7 79 \u00b7 93 \u00b0C \u00b7 boiling<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">1 %: \u2014 \u00b7 \u2014 \u00b7 \u2014 \u00b7 \u2014 \u00b7 0.01 \u00b7 <b>0.06<\/b> | 5 %: &lt;0.01 \u00b7 \u2014 \u00b7 0.44 \u00b7 1.44 \u00b7 3.02 \u00b7 <b>8.99<\/b> | 10 %: 0.01 \u00b7 0.28 \u00b7 0.98 \u00b7 1.99 \u00b7 4.39 \u00b7 <b>11.68<\/b> | 15 %: \u2014 \u00b7 \u2014 \u00b7 0.98 \u00b7 1.91 \u00b7 \u2014 \u00b7 <b>11.02<\/b> | 20 %: 0.20 \u00b7 0.32 \u00b7 0.90 \u00b7 1.72 \u00b7 3.38 \u00b7 <b>9.73<\/b>. <b>Excellent at 38 \u00b0C, marginal at 79 \u00b0C, unusable at the boil: the governing variable is TEMPERATURE, not concentration<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\"><b>Sulphuric<\/b><br \/>66 \u00b7 79 \u00b7 93 \u00b7 107 \u00b7 121 \u00b0C \u00b7 boiling<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">5 %: &lt;0.01 \u00b7 0.01 \u00b7 0.03 \u00b7 \u2014 \u00b7 \u2014 \u00b7 0.23 | 10 %: \u2014 \u00b7 0.02 \u00b7 0.04 \u00b7 \u2014 \u00b7 \u2014 \u00b7 0.29 | 20 %: 0.01 \u00b7 0.03 \u00b7 0.28 \u00b7 \u2014 \u00b7 \u2014 \u00b7 0.83 | 30 %: 0.01 \u00b7 0.09 \u00b7 0.68 \u00b7 \u2014 \u00b7 \u2014 \u00b7 1.89 | 40 %: 0.01 \u00b7 0.31 \u00b7 0.87 \u00b7 \u2014 \u00b7 \u2014 \u00b7 3.99 | <b>50 %: 0.02 \u00b7 0.40 \u00b7 0.77 \u00b7 2.18 \u00b7 \u2014 \u00b7 9.98<\/b> | 60 %: \u2014 \u00b7 0.67 \u00b7 0.95 \u00b7 2.69 \u00b7 <b>7.62<\/b> \u00b7 \u2014 | <b>70 %: 0.28 \u00b7 0.56 \u00b7 0.94 \u00b7 3.07 \u00b7 14.94 \u00b7 \u2014<\/b> | 80 %: \u2014 \u00b7 1.44 \u00b7 2.16 \u00b7 3.68 \u00b7 3.58 \u00b7 \u2014 | 90 %: 0.34 \u00b7 0.89 \u00b7 1.80 \u00b7 <b>6.27<\/b> \u00b7 4.24 \u00b7 \u2014 | 96 %: 0.10 \u00b7 \u2014 \u00b7 1.10 \u00b7 \u2014 \u00b7 \u2014 \u00b7 \u2014. <b>Usable at every concentration below ~80 \u00b0C; above 107 \u00b0C it collapses at intermediate concentrations<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\">Nitric \u00b7 phosphoric \u00b7 hydrobromic \u00b7 organic<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">Nitric, boiling: 10 % <b>0.01<\/b> \u00b7 30 % <b>0.13<\/b> \u00b7 50 % <b>0.59<\/b> \u00b7 60 % <b>1.09<\/b> \u00b7 <b>70 % 2.53<\/b> (0.05 at 66 \u00b0C \u00b7 0.33 at 93 \u00b0C \u00b7 0.71 at 107 \u00b0C); <b>legacy data give 134 mpy (3.4 mm\/y) for boiling 65 % HNO\u2083 \u2014 the sources disagree on the boiling value, print both<\/b>. Phosphoric, boiling: 50 % <b>0.07<\/b> \u00b7 70 % <b>0.23<\/b> \u00b7 85 % <b>0.66<\/b>. Hydrobromic: 2.5 % boiling <b>0.02<\/b> \u00b7 5 % boiling <b>0.76<\/b> \u00b7 30 % (38\/52\/66\/79 \u00b0C) 0.11 \/ 0.23 \/ 0.29 \/ 0.59. <b>Organic acids, boiling: 99 % acetic 0 mm\/y \u00b7 88 % formic &lt;0.01 mm\/y \u2014 effectively inert<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\"><b>Hydrofluoric \u2014 the originator&#8217;s warning must be reproduced VERBATIM<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">38 \/ 52 \/ 66 \/ 79 \u00b0C: 5 % <b>0.04 \/ 0.15 \/ 0.47 \/ 0.58<\/b> \u00b7 10 % <b>0.09 \/ 0.33 \/ 0.64 \/ 0.78<\/b> \u00b7 20 % <b>0.22 \/ 0.53 \/ 0.95 \/ 1.65<\/b>. &#8220;<b>Hydrofluoric acid can also induce INTERNAL ATTACK of nickel alloys; these values represent only EXTERNAL attack.<\/b>&#8220;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>Mixed acid, oxidising salts and field data<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>5 % HNO\u2083 + 25 % H\u2082SO\u2084 + 4 % NaCl, boiling: 12 mpy (0.30 mm\/y)<\/b> \u2014 neither a stainless nor C-276 survives there. <b>10 % FeCl\u2083 boiling 1 mpy<\/b>; 6 % FeCl\u2083 boiling 0.6 mpy plain and welded. In service: reactor vessel <b>10\u201315 % H\u2082SO\u2084 + solids, 100 \u00b0C, 12 months \u2192 4.7 mpy<\/b> (competitors 28\u201358) \u00b7 coke vaporiser <b>95 \u00b0C, 2 months \u2192 3.4 mpy<\/b> (competitors 29\u2013227) \u00b7 FGD unit <b>4.8 % sulphur coal, 54 \u00b0C, 27 months \u2192 no pitting<\/b>. <b>No numeric hypochlorite table and no quantitative FGD rates versus chloride and pH could be found from any mill<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"border:1px solid #d7dfe4;background:#ffffff;margin:24px 0 18px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\">\n<div style=\"background:#DD3333;color:#ffffff;font-size:13px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.04em;text-transform:uppercase;padding:10px 12px;line-height:1.35;\">WHERE IT FAILS \u2014 publish this as prominently as the good news<\/div>\n<p><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<table style=\"border-collapse:collapse;width:100%;font-size:15px;line-height:1.5;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>1. Hot concentrated hydrochloric and sulphuric acid<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">HCl: <b>11.68 mm\/y in boiling 10 %, 9.73 in boiling 20 %<\/b> \u2014 against a 0.5 mm\/y design life that is <b>20\u00d7 over<\/b>; <b>C-276 is 2.5\u00d7 better and IS STILL UNUSABLE<\/b>. The answer is a Ni-Mo alloy (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/en\/hastelloy-b-3\/\">B-3<\/a>), tantalum or a non-metallic lining. H\u2082SO\u2084: <b>9.98 mm\/y in boiling 50 %, 14.94 at 70 % \/ 121 \u00b0C<\/b>; in boiling 50 % <a href=\"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/en\/hastelloy-c-2000\/\">C-2000<\/a> (3.35) and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/en\/hastelloy-c-276\/\">C-276<\/a> (3.64) are <b>~3\u00d7 better \u2014 if sulphuric is the governing medium, C-22 is the WRONG member of the family<\/b>. <b>Hydrofluoric acid<\/b> is out of scope too: measurable external attack <b>PLUS the originator&#8217;s explicit INTERNAL ATTACK warning<\/b> \u2014 that is <a href=\"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/en\/monel-400\/\">alloy 400<\/a> territory<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\"><b>2. Crevices under WELDMENTS at extreme chloride and low pH<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\"><b>At 70 000 ppm Cl\u207b, pH 1, 105 \u00b0C the alloy 22 weldment suffered crevice attack at 0.44 mm\/y<\/b> while alloy 59 did not. <b>Gaskets, tube-to-tubesheet joints and lap joints in strong brine are where C-22 actually loses<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>3. ANY thermal exposure in 538\u2013980 \u00b0C<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>G28A goes from ~30 to 872 mpy.<\/b> Fire, adjacent hot work or a well-meaning &#8220;stress relief&#8221; destroys the corrosion resistance <b>INVISIBLY<\/b> \u2014 the part looks identical and passes hydrotest<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\"><b>4. Sustained high-temperature service and high-strength nitric acid<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\"><b>677 \u00b0C is a CODE figure; \u03bc phase forms from 593 \u00b0C.<\/b> <b>C-22 is a CORROSION alloy<\/b> \u2014 for sustained service above ~540 \u00b0C choose a genuine high-temperature grade (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/en\/hastelloy-x\/\">Hastelloy X<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/en\/incoloy-800h\/\">Incoloy 800H<\/a>). And <b>2.53 mm\/y in boiling 70 % HNO\u2083 is mediocre<\/b>: a nitric-grade stainless (310L) is <b>both cheaper and better<\/b>, because <b>C-22&#8217;s nitric advantage exists ONLY when chlorides or reducing species are also present<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>5. OVER-SPECIFICATION \u2014 the more common commercial error<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">C-22 scores zero attack in ambient seawater \u2014 <b>but so do super duplex, 6Mo and Ti Gr.2<\/b>, at a fraction of the price (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/en\/aisi-f55\/\">F55<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/en\/ti-grade-2\/\">Ti Gr.2<\/a>). Dilute sulphuric below ~80 \u00b0C gives <b>0.01\u20130.03 mm\/y<\/b> \u2014 Alloy 20, 904L or even <a href=\"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/en\/aisi-316l\/\">316L<\/a> will do it. Phosphoric gives <b>0.07\u20130.25 mm\/y<\/b>. Organic acids give <b>0 and &lt;0.01 mm\/y<\/b>: <b>a far cheaper alloy will also read zero \u2014 nothing is being bought<\/b>. And <b>do not specify C-22 &#8220;because it is better than C-276&#8221;: it is better in oxidising chloride and worse in reducing acid<\/b> \u2014 if the plant has a reducing upset case, <b>C-22 may be the WORSE choice<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<h4 id=\"dm-b10\" style=\"font-size:19px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;margin:30px 0 10px;line-height:1.35;\">Frequently Asked Questions<\/h4>\n<p style=\"margin:18px 0 6px;font-size:15px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;line-height:1.5;\">Our EPC specified C-276. Can we substitute C-22 and save money?<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 12px;font-size:15px;line-height:1.75;\"><b>Only after you identify which medium governs.<\/b> The two alloys are not ranked but <b>traded<\/b> \u2014 and both directions have been measured on the same test suite.<br \/><b>C-22 is decisively better in oxidising chloride:<\/b> crevice temperature in acidified 6 % FeCl\u2083 <b>80 vs 55 \u00b0C<\/b>; Yellow Death CCT <b>75 vs 60 \u00b0C<\/b>; boiling Green Death <b>3 vs 42 mpy \u2014 a 14\u00d7 margin<\/b>; and in saturated wet chlorine at pH 0.9 <b>C-276 weldments were severely attacked at 65 \u00b0C while C-22 showed no localised attack at 95 \u00b0C<\/b>.<br \/><b>C-276 is decisively better in hot reducing acid:<\/b> boiling 50 % H\u2082SO\u2084 <b>3.64 vs 9.98<\/b>, boiling 5 % HCl <b>3.63 vs 8.99 mm\/y<\/b> \u2014 roughly <b>2.5\u20132.7\u00d7 better<\/b>, because the higher Mo and W are what matter there and <b>the extra chromium does nothing<\/b>. Phosphoric reverses again (0.66 vs 1.68 in boiling 85 %).<br \/><b>Decision rule:<\/b> if your service is a chlorinated oxidiser, a bleach or chlorine dioxide stage, an FGD scrubber or a mixed nitric-plus-chloride stream, <b>C-22 is the correct substitution<\/b>. If your governing case is hot HCl or H\u2082SO\u2084 \u2014 <b>including a reducing scenario that only occurs during upsets<\/b> \u2014 do not substitute. <b>Check the code route:<\/b> both are 677 \u00b0C in ASME Sec. VIII Div. 1, but if the specification invokes <b>ASTM F467 fasteners<\/b>, <b>N10276 is listed and N06022 is NOT<\/b>. Get the substitution approved <b>against the governing medium, in writing<\/b>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:18px 0 6px;font-size:15px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;line-height:1.5;\">The fabricator wants to stress-relieve our C-22 vessel after welding. Is that acceptable?<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 12px;font-size:15px;line-height:1.75;\"><b>No \u2014 and it is one of the most damaging things that can be done to the alloy.<\/b> C-22 is <b>solid-solution strengthened<\/b>; there is no beneficial precipitation to develop and no tempering to perform. The originator states explicitly that for these alloys <b>&#8220;PWHT in the 538 to 816 \u00b0C (1000 to 1500 \u00b0F) temperature range should be avoided&#8221;<\/b>, because that range <b>precipitates secondary phases with a detrimental effect on corrosion resistance<\/b>.<br \/><b>The mechanism is \u03bc phase.<\/b> Ageing studies across <b>593\u2013760 \u00b0C for up to 16 000 hours<\/b> found \u03bc phase forming as a <b>continuous film on the grain boundaries at 593 \u00b0C<\/b> and <b>covering all grain boundaries plus the bulk matrix from 649 to 760 \u00b0C<\/b>, with grain-boundary carbides and the <b>Ni\u2082(Cr,Mo) ordered phase<\/b>. <b>The corrosion consequence is quantified:<\/b> ASTM G28 Method A rises from roughly <b>30\u201335 mpy<\/b> mill-annealed to <b>872 mpy after sensitisation at 871 \u00b0C<\/b>. <b>That is a 25-fold degradation and it is INVISIBLE<\/b> \u2014 the vessel looks identical and passes hydrotest.<br \/>Any <b>&#8220;stress relief at 590\u2013650 \u00b0C for 1\u20132 h&#8221;<\/b> on a distributor datasheet sits <b>inside the \u03bc-phase window and is supported by NO mill publisher<\/b>. <b>The alloy has exactly one heat treatment: a full solution anneal at 1105\u20131135 \u00b0C followed by rapid quenching.<\/b> If residual stress genuinely must be removed, <b>the whole fabrication has to be re-annealed and re-quenched<\/b>, usually impractical \u2014 <b>which is precisely why C-22 is designed to be used as welded<\/b>: preheat at ambient, interpass \u226493\u2013120 \u00b0C, heat input \u22648 kJ\/cm.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:18px 0 6px;font-size:15px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;line-height:1.5;\">The mill test certificate shows carbon at 0.013 %. Our German client rejected it. Who is right?<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 12px;font-size:15px;line-height:1.75;\"><b>Both<\/b> \u2014 and this is a <b>standards divergence<\/b> rather than a quality problem. <b>ASTM B575 and B574 permit carbon up to 0.015 %<\/b>, as reproduced by three independent publishers. <b>The German\/EU route \u2014 VdT\u00dcV Werkstoffblatt 479 for 2.4602, the basis of PED compliance \u2014 limits carbon to 0.010 %.<\/b> So a heat at 0.013 % is <b>a fully conforming ASTM heat and a non-conforming VdT\u00dcV heat<\/b>. The divergence is not accidental: lower carbon further suppresses grain-boundary carbide precipitation in the weld HAZ \u2014 <b>the basis of the as-welded corrosion claim<\/b>.<br \/><b>Three more divergences catch buyers the same way:<\/b> <b>phosphorus<\/b> (ASTM 0.02 % max versus 0.025 % \u2014 read the invoked edition); <b>tensile<\/b>, where ASTM gives <b>a minimum only<\/b> (\u2265690 MPa) but VdT\u00dcV gives <b>a RANGE<\/b> (<b>690\u2013950 MPa<\/b>), so <b>an unusually strong heat can pass ASTM and fail the European route<\/b>; and <b>HB \u2264240 plus Rp1.0 \u2265335 MPa<\/b>, which <b>ASTM does not have<\/b>.<br \/><b>The remedy is commercial, not technical:<\/b> for any order that may end up in a PED-scope vessel, specify <b>dual certification to ASTM B575\/B574 AND VdT\u00dcV WB 479 (edition 2021-11-30)<\/b> at enquiry stage, with EN 10204 3.1 or 3.2 as required, and <b>make the mill confirm the tighter limits BEFORE the heat is melted<\/b>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:18px 0 6px;font-size:15px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;line-height:1.5;\">Common datasheet errors \u2014 check these before you order<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 12px;font-size:15px;line-height:1.75;\"><b>1. &#8220;The CCT of C-22 is 102 \u00b0C.&#8221;<\/b> Only in one legacy datasheet, and in an unspecified &#8220;NaCl-HCl solution&#8221;. The current brochure publishes <b>80 \u00b0C in acidified 6 % FeCl\u2083<\/b>; another mill <b>75 \u00b0C<\/b> in ASTM G48 C and D; a distributor <b>58 \u00b0C<\/b> in 10 % FeCl\u2083 and <b>105 \u00b0C<\/b> in Green Death. <b>Six numbers, five solutions \u2014 never publish a crevice temperature without its test solution.<\/b> The same confusion exists between tests: <b>&#8220;Green Death&#8221; and &#8220;ASTM G28 Method B&#8221; are NOT the same thing<\/b> (Green Death is 11.5 % H\u2082SO\u2084 + 1.2 % HCl + 1 % FeCl\u2083 + 1 % CuCl\u2082; another mill&#8217;s crevice test uses 11.9 \/ 1.3 \/ 1 \/ 1 and labels G28 B &#8220;Modified Green Death&#8221;; <b>G28 B is a more concentrated solution again<\/b>).<br \/><b>2. &#8220;G28A = 872 mpy, so C-22 has poor intergranular resistance.&#8221;<\/b> That figure is for material <b>deliberately sensitised at 871 \u00b0C<\/b>; mill-annealed C-22 is <b>30\u201335 mpy<\/b>. The converse is equally true: <b>&#8220;G28A = 30 mpy&#8221; published without the condition<\/b> is just as misleading for anyone assessing a fabrication that has seen heat. <b>Always print the condition.<\/b> Note also that in one distributor table <b>the G28 rows are shifted by one alloy<\/b>; <b>the mill paper assigns alloy 22 = 872 \/ 17 and C-276 = &gt;500 \/ 339<\/b>.<br \/><b>3. Do not use aggregator databases or AI-generated distributor pages.<\/b> One aggregator publishes <b>density 8.9 g\/cm\u00b3<\/b> (against every mill&#8217;s 8.61\u20138.70) and <b>modulus 220 GPa<\/b> (against 206\u2013209) \u2014 <b>modelled, not measured<\/b>; one publisher&#8217;s <b>11.1 \u00d7 10\u207b\u2076 \/K<\/b> expansion is likewise a lone outlier (the other five give <b>12.4<\/b>). A widely indexed AI-written page publishes <b>&#8220;50 % H\u2082SO\u2084 boiling: C-22 = 0.8 mm\/y&#8221;<\/b> against the mill&#8217;s <b>9.98<\/b> \u2014 <b>order-of-magnitude errors, all in the optimistic direction<\/b>; another puts <b>tungsten&#8217;s range under manganese and swaps sulphur with silicon<\/b>. <b>Verify every corrosion rate against a mill brochure.<\/b><br \/><b>4. &#8220;Iron is strictly limited to less than 3 %&#8221; and &#8220;molybdenum 14 %&#8221; \u2014 BOTH FALSE.<\/b> ASTM specifies <b>Fe 2.0\u20136.0 %<\/b>; 3 % is the nominal, not a limit, and <b>a heat at 5.2 % Fe is fully conforming<\/b>. For molybdenum the nominal is <b>13 %<\/b> and the range <b>12.5\u201314.5 %<\/b>; the 14 % some pages print <b>sits near C-276&#8217;s Mo band and blurs the one difference that matters<\/b>.<br \/><b>5. &#8220;Stress relieve at 590\u2013650 \u00b0C.&#8221;<\/b> Found on distributor pages and supported by <b>NO mill publisher<\/b>; that window sits <b>inside the \u03bc-phase field<\/b>. <b>C-22 has NO stress-relief treatment<\/b> \u2014 the only heat treatment is a 1105\u20131135 \u00b0C solution anneal plus rapid quench.<br \/><b>6. &#8220;Max code temperature 1250 \u00b0F&#8221; and &#8220;the alloy is good to 677 \u00b0C.&#8221;<\/b> 1250 \u00b0F is <b>true for ASME Sec. I and Sec. VIII Div. 1 and 2<\/b>; it is <b>800 \u00b0F (427 \u00b0C) for B31.3, B31.1 and Sec. III Class 1<\/b> \u2014 publishing only 1250 \u00b0F misleads every piping enquiry. And that figure is a <b>code allowable-stress ceiling, not a metallurgical stability statement<\/b>: <b>\u03bc phase forms from 593 \u00b0C<\/b> and the originator advises avoiding <b>538\u2013816 \u00b0C<\/b> altogether. Treat <b>~540 \u00b0C<\/b> as the practical long-term ceiling.<br \/><b>7. Scope errors: B574, F467 and A494.<\/b> <b>B574 does not cover bar or wire<\/b> \u2014 its scope is rod, 5\/16 to 3\u00bd in dia.; bar and billet go to <b>B472<\/b>, and <b>there is no ASTM wire specification for N06022<\/b>. <b>There is no bolting specification either<\/b>: F467 lists N10276, N04400, N04405, N05500, N06059, N06625 and N06686, <b>not N06022<\/b>; C-22 fasteners are machined from B574 rod and carry <b>no Sec. II Part D bolting allowable<\/b>. <b>A494 CX2MW is UNS N26022<\/b> \u2014 a <b>CAST<\/b> alloy that <b>cannot be certified as wrought N06022<\/b>.<br \/><b>8. Five divergences between mills that must NEVER be averaged.<\/b> <b>Carbon:<\/b> ASTM \u22640.015 % vs VdT\u00dcV \u22640.010 % (VdT\u00dcV also imposes <b>690\u2013950 MPa, HB \u2264240 and Rp1.0 \u2265335 MPa<\/b>). <b>Air-cool threshold:<\/b> 10 mm vs ~1.5 mm \u2014 <b>6.7\u00d7<\/b>; demand a water quench above ~1.5 mm and have the quench medium stated on the MTC. <b>Hot working:<\/b> 1232 \u2192 954 \u00b0C vs 1100 \u2192 900 \u00b0C. <b>Re-anneal after cold work:<\/b> ~7 % outer-fibre elongation vs 15 % \u2014 and <b>annealing BELOW ~7\u201310 % causes ABNORMAL GRAIN GROWTH<\/b>. <b>Interpass:<\/b> 93 \u00b0C vs 120 \u00b0C, <b>use 93 \u00b0C when both apply<\/b>; and <b>the originator gives NO numeric heat-input limit<\/b>.<br \/><b>9. &#8220;As-welded corrosion resistance equals base metal&#8221;, and scale errors.<\/b> The published claim is narrower, and <b>the measured penalties are real<\/b>: weld metal is <b>12\u00d7 worse<\/b> in 50 % H\u2082SO\u2084 at 66 \u00b0C, <b>2.1\u00d7 worse in G28A<\/b>, <b>3.2\u00d7 worse in G28B<\/b>, and an alloy 22 <b>weldment suffered crevice attack<\/b> at 70 000 ppm Cl\u207b \/ pH 1 \/ 105 \u00b0C. Also, four scale errors: the originator&#8217;s <b>27 m\/min<\/b> turning is <b>not a modern tooling speed<\/b> (coated carbide runs <b>70\u201390 m\/min<\/b>) \u2014 <b>print both, never average<\/b>, and <b>7 rpm tapping is NOT a typo<\/b>; <b>PREN is quoted with two incompatible formulas<\/b> (65\u201376 versus 46); <b>a single &#8220;yield strength&#8221; figure is meaningless<\/b> (minimum 310 \u00b7 typical plate 345\u2013372 \u00b7 typical sheet 407\u2013434 \u00b7 weld metal 524 MPa); and <b>ASTM A262 rates (68 and 137 mpy) look alarming and are not<\/b> \u2014 A262 is a stainless test.<br \/><b>10. Do not publish what has not been published.<\/b> The following <b>could not be independently verified<\/b> for this material; write &#8220;could not be independently verified&#8221; instead of printing a number: <b>the NACE MR0175 hardness cap and environmental envelope for N06022<\/b> \u00b7 <b>the ASME Section IX F-Number for ERNiCrMo-10 \/ ENiCrMo-10<\/b> \u00b7 <b>ASME Sec. II Part D allowable stress values<\/b> \u00b7 <b>the covered electrode&#8217;s UNS number<\/b> (W86022 or N06022) \u00b7 <b>B574 cold-finished rod properties<\/b> \u00b7 <b>P-phase and \u03c3-phase windows<\/b> \u00b7 <b>a TTT curve and time-to-sensitisation<\/b> \u00b7 <b>a hot-cracking ranking for C-22<\/b> \u00b7 <b>whether ASTM F468 includes N06022<\/b> \u00b7 <b>magnetic permeability after cold work<\/b> \u00b7 <b>a hypochlorite corrosion-rate table<\/b> \u00b7 <b>quantitative FGD rates<\/b>.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/dm-zengin --><\/p>\n<div class=\"dm-benzer\" style=\"margin:22px 0 0;padding:14px 16px;border:1px solid #e0e0e0;background:#FBFCFD;\">\n<p style=\"font-size:11px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.08em;text-transform:uppercase;color:#9aa3a8;margin:0 0 8px;line-height:1.4;\">Related grades<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0;font-size:15px;line-height:2;color:#333;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/en\/hastelloy-c-276\/\" style=\"color:#24BEE5;font-weight:600;text-decoration:none;\">Hastelloy C-276<\/a> &nbsp;\u00b7&nbsp; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/en\/hastelloy-c-2000\/\" style=\"color:#24BEE5;font-weight:600;text-decoration:none;\">Hastelloy C-2000<\/a> &nbsp;\u00b7&nbsp; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/en\/hastelloy-x\/\" style=\"color:#24BEE5;font-weight:600;text-decoration:none;\">Hastelloy X<\/a> &nbsp;\u00b7&nbsp; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/en\/monel-400\/\" style=\"color:#24BEE5;font-weight:600;text-decoration:none;\">Monel 400<\/a> &nbsp;\u00b7&nbsp; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/en\/nickel-alloys\/\" style=\"color:#666;font-weight:600;text-decoration:none;\">All nickel alloys \u2192<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p><!-- dm-ld --><script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"name\":\"Hastelloy C-22\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/en\/hastelloy-c-22\/\",\"inLanguage\":\"en\",\"description\":\"Hastelloy C-22 (UNS N06022 \/ W.Nr. 2.4602 \/ EN-DIN NiCr21Mo14W \/ ISO NiCr21Mo14W3) is a single-phase FCC austenitic, solid-solution strengthened Ni-Cr-Mo-W alloy; it is not precipitation hardenable. Nominal Ni 56 \u00b7 Cr 22 \u00b7 Mo 13 \u00b7 W 3 \u00b7 Fe 3.\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"name\":\"Defence Metal\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/\"},\"publisher\":{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"name\":\"Defence Metal\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/\"},\"mainEntity\":{\"@type\":\"DefinedTerm\",\"name\":\"Hastelloy C-22\",\"description\":\"Hastelloy C-22 (UNS N06022 \/ W.Nr. 2.4602 \/ EN-DIN NiCr21Mo14W \/ ISO NiCr21Mo14W3) is a single-phase FCC austenitic, solid-solution strengthened Ni-Cr-Mo-W alloy; it is not precipitation hardenable. Nominal Ni 56 \u00b7 Cr 22 \u00b7 Mo 13 \u00b7 W 3 \u00b7 Fe 3.\",\"inDefinedTermSet\":{\"@type\":\"DefinedTermSet\",\"name\":\"Defence Metal - metals and alloys\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/\"},\"alternateName\":[\"UNS N06022\",\"W.Nr. 2.4602\",\"NiCr21Mo14W\"],\"identifier\":[{\"@type\":\"PropertyValue\",\"propertyID\":\"UNS\",\"value\":\"N06022\"},{\"@type\":\"PropertyValue\",\"propertyID\":\"Werkstoffnummer\",\"value\":\"2.4602\"}],\"additionalProperty\":[{\"@type\":\"PropertyValue\",\"name\":\"DIN \/ EN designation\",\"value\":\"NiCr21Mo14W\"}]}}<\/script><!-- \/dm-ld --><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Hastelloy C-22 \/ (2.4602) \/ UNS N06022 \/ AMS 5766 DEFENCE METAL Hastelloy C-22 UNS N06022 \u00b7 W.Nr. 2.4602 \u00b7 NiCr21Mo14W (EN) \u00b7 NiCr21Mo14W3 (ISO) \u00b7 DIN 17744 \/ 17750-17754 \u00b7 Ni balance (~56%) \u2013 Cr 20.0-22.5% \u2013 Mo 12.5-14.5% \u2013 W 2.5-3.5% \u2013 Fe 2.0-6.0% \u2013 Co 2.5% max \u2013 C 0.015% max \u2013 &hellip; <\/p>\n<p class=\"link-more\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/en\/hastelloy-c-22\/\" class=\"more-link\"><span class=\"screen-reader-text\"> &#8220;Hastelloy C-22&#8221;<\/span>devam\u0131n\u0131 oku<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":3526,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_title":"HASTELLOY C-22 \/ (2.4602) \/ UNS N06022 \/ AMS 5766 | Defence Metal","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Hastelloy C-22 (UNS N06022, 2.4602) \u2014 AMS 5766. Nickel-chromium-molybdenum-tungsten alloy resisting nitric, sulphuric and hydrochloric acid.","inspiro_hide_title":false,"inspiro_hide_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"dm_sektor":[10,13,15],"class_list":["post-3599","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>HASTELLOY C-22 \/ (2.4602) \/ UNS N06022 \/ AMS 5766 | Defence Metal<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Hastelloy C-22 (UNS N06022, 2.4602) \u2014 AMS 5766. 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