{"id":3595,"date":"2026-09-16T11:04:39","date_gmt":"2026-09-16T08:04:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/en\/hastelloy-c-2000\/"},"modified":"2026-09-25T16:26:38","modified_gmt":"2026-09-25T13:26:38","slug":"hastelloy-c-2000","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/en\/hastelloy-c-2000\/","title":{"rendered":"Hastelloy C-2000"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><!-- dm-hap --><\/p>\n<h1 class=\"dm-ust-baslik\" style=\"font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,'Segoe UI',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif !important;text-transform:none !important;font-size:27px;line-height:1.3;font-weight:800;color:#12303f;margin:0 0 10px;letter-spacing:-.01em;\">Hastelloy C-2000 \/ (2.4675) \/ UNS N06200<\/h1>\n<div style=\"border:1px solid #d7dfe4;background:#ffffff;margin:0 0 22px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\"><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"background:#12303f;padding:14px 16px 12px;position:relative;z-index:2;\">\n<div style=\"font-size:22px;font-weight:700;color:#fff;line-height:1.25;\">Hastelloy C-2000<\/div>\n<div style=\"font-family:ui-monospace,Menlo,Consolas,monospace;font-size:12.5px;color:#b9cfdb;line-height:1.5;margin-top:5px;word-wrap:break-word;\">UNS N06200 \u00b7 W.Nr. 2.4675 \u00b7 NiCr23Mo16Cu (EN\/DIN) \u00b7 DIN 17744 \u00b7 Ni balance (~59%) \u2013 Cr 22.0-24.0 \u2013 Mo 15.0-17.0 \u2013 Cu 1.30-1.90 \u2013 Fe 3.0 max \u2013 Co 2.0 max \u2013 Mn 0.50 max \u2013 Al 0.50 max \u2013 Si 0.08 max \u2013 C 0.010 max. Nominal figures given by Haynes International: Cr 23, Mo 16, Cu 1.6. THE DISTINGUISHING ELEMENT IS COPPER: C-276 and C-22 carry no copper but do carry tungsten; C-2000 carries no tungsten but does carry copper. Trade names: HASTELLOY C-2000 (Haynes International) \u00b7 Alloy C-2000 \/ Alloy 2000 (Virgamet, Elgiloy).<\/div>\n<div data-dmkars-blok=\"1\" style=\"border-top:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.16);margin-top:13px;padding-top:11px;\">\n<div style=\"font-size:10px;letter-spacing:.09em;text-transform:uppercase;color:#7f9fb0;font-weight:700;margin-bottom:8px;\">Not to be confused with<\/div>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/2026\/09\/15\/hastelloy-c-22-hastelloy-c-2000-difference\/\" data-dmkars=\"1\" style=\"display:inline-block;padding:4px 11px;border:1px solid rgba(36,190,229,.45);background:rgba(36,190,229,.12);border-radius:99px;margin:0 6px 6px 0;font-size:12.5px;font-weight:600;color:#9fe2f7;text-decoration:none;\">Hastelloy C-22<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"position:relative;z-index:2;\">\n<div style=\"display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">\n<div style=\"flex:0 0 118px;padding:11px 14px;background:#F7FAFB;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:.09em;text-transform:uppercase;color:#6b8091;font-weight:600;line-height:1.5;\">For what<\/div>\n<div style=\"flex:1 1 230px;min-width:0;padding:11px 14px;font-size:14.5px;line-height:1.7;color:#3d5260;word-wrap:break-word;overflow-wrap:break-word;\">A Ni-Cr-Mo-Cu SOLID-SOLUTION alloy. IT IS NOT PRECIPITATION HARDENABLE; it cannot be hardened by heat treatment, strength is raised only by cold work and is removed again by solution annealing.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">\n<div style=\"flex:0 0 118px;padding:11px 14px;background:#F7FAFB;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:.09em;text-transform:uppercase;color:#6b8091;font-weight:600;line-height:1.5;\">Forms<\/div>\n<div style=\"flex:1 1 230px;min-width:0;padding:11px 14px;font-size:14.5px;line-height:1.7;color:#3d5260;word-wrap:break-word;overflow-wrap:break-word;\">Round bar \u00b7 flat bar \u00b7 plate \u00b7 sheet \u00b7 strip \u00b7 seamless pipe and tube \u00b7 welded pipe \u00b7 welded tube \u00b7 forging \u00b7 flange \u00b7 fitting. All forms are supplied to order.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">\n<div style=\"flex:0 0 118px;padding:11px 14px;background:#F7FAFB;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:.09em;text-transform:uppercase;color:#6b8091;font-weight:600;line-height:1.5;\">Standards<\/div>\n<div style=\"flex:1 1 230px;min-width:0;padding:11px 14px;font-size:14.5px;line-height:1.7;color:#3d5260;word-wrap:break-word;overflow-wrap:break-word;\">THERE IS NO AMS NUMBER (see the specification note). ASTM\/ASME: ASTM B575 \/ ASME SB-575 (plate, sheet, strip) \u00b7 ASTM B574 \/ SB-574 (rod, bar) \u00b7 ASTM B622 \/ SB-622 (seamless pipe and tube) \u00b7 ASTM B619 \/ SB-619 (welded pipe) \u00b7 ASTM B626 \/ SB-626 (welded tube) \u00b7 ASTM B564 \/ SB-564 (forgings) \u00b7 ASTM B462 \/ SB-462 (forged or rolled flanges, fittings and valve parts) \u00b7 ASTM B366 \/ SB-366 (factory-made wrought fittings; class marking WPHC2000). Europe: DIN 17744 (2.4675) \u00b7 TUV Werkstoffblatt 539. Corrosion: NACE MR0175 \/ ISO 15156. Welding consumables: AWS A5.14 \/ SFA-5.14 ERNiCrMo-17 (bare wire) \u00b7 AWS A5.11 \/ SFA-5.11 ENiCrMo-17 (covered electrode) \u00b7 DIN 2.4698 (wire, SG-NiCr23Mo16Cu) \u00b7 DIN 2.4699 (electrode, EL-NiCr23Mo16Cu). Code: 427 C (800 F) ceiling for ASME BPVC Section VIII Div. 1, ASME B31.3 and ASME B16.5 \u00b7 VdTUV ceiling 450 C \u00b7 ASME Code Cases 2337 and 2338 \u00b7 ASME Section IX P-No. 43, F-No. 43 \u00b7 ASME B16.34 valve service.<br \/><span style=\"font-size:12.5px;color:#7b8f9b;line-height:1.6;display:inline-block;margin-top:6px;\">NO VERIFIED AMS SPECIFICATION COULD BE FOUND FOR N06200. No AMS number appears in the specification list of Haynes International, the alloy&#8217;s own producer either; that list consists of ASTM\/ASME, AWS and DIN numbers.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">\n<div style=\"flex:0 0 118px;padding:11px 14px;background:#F7FAFB;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:.09em;text-transform:uppercase;color:#6b8091;font-weight:600;line-height:1.5;\">Advantage<\/div>\n<div style=\"flex:1 1 230px;min-width:0;padding:11px 14px;font-size:14.5px;line-height:1.7;color:#3d5260;word-wrap:break-word;overflow-wrap:break-word;\">Covering two classes of environment with one material. In the same Haynes International table, the CRITICAL CREVICE TEMPERATURE to ASTM G48 (acidified 6 wt% FeCl3, 72 hours) is 80 C for C-2000 and 55 C for C-276: 25 C in favour of C-2000 on crevice attack.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">\n<div style=\"flex:0 0 118px;padding:11px 14px;background:#F7FAFB;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:.09em;text-transform:uppercase;color:#6b8091;font-weight:600;line-height:1.5;\">Welding<\/div>\n<div style=\"flex:1 1 230px;min-width:0;padding:11px 14px;font-size:14.5px;line-height:1.7;color:#3d5260;word-wrap:break-word;overflow-wrap:break-word;\">Welded by GTAW\/TIG, GMAW\/MIG and SMAW\/covered electrode. Filler metal: ERNiCrMo-17 (bare wire, AWS A5.14) and ENiCrMo-17 (covered electrode, AWS A5.11); on the European side SG-NiCr23Mo16Cu (2.4698) and EL-NiCr23Mo16Cu (2.4699). NO PREHEAT IS REQUIRED.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">\n<div style=\"flex:0 0 118px;padding:11px 14px;background:#fdeceb;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:.09em;text-transform:uppercase;color:#c0392b;font-weight:600;line-height:1.5;\">Limits<\/div>\n<div style=\"flex:1 1 230px;min-width:0;padding:11px 14px;font-size:14.5px;line-height:1.7;color:#3d5260;word-wrap:break-word;overflow-wrap:break-word;background:#fdeceb;\">1) CODE TEMPERATURE CEILING 427 C: the ceiling for ASME Section VIII Div. 1, ASME B31.3 and ASME B16.5 is 427 C (800 F); the VdTUV ceiling is 450 C. THIS IS NOT A HIGH-TEMPERATURE ALLOY; it is not bought for creep service or furnace work.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"padding:14px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/en\/contact\/\" style=\"display:inline-block;padding:11px 20px;font-size:14px;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;margin:0 8px 6px 0;background:#dd3333;color:#ffffff;\">REQUEST A QUOTE<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/en\/nickel-alloys\/\" style=\"display:inline-block;padding:11px 20px;font-size:14px;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;margin:0 8px 6px 0;font-weight:600;border:1px solid #12303f;color:#12303f;\">All nickel alloys &rarr;<\/a><span data-dm=\"dm-teknik\" style=\"cursor:pointer;display:inline-block;padding:11px 20px;font-size:14px;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;margin:0 8px 6px 0;border:1px solid #dd3333;color:#dd3333;\">TECHNICAL DETAILS &darr;<\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"padding:9px 14px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-size:11.5px;color:#8a9aa4;line-height:1.5;\">Compiled from manufacturer data sheets \u00b7 confirm against the current specification before ordering<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><!-- \/dm-hap --><!-- dm-nav --><\/p>\n<style>h4[id^=\"dm-b\"]{scroll-margin-top:120px}#dm-teknik{scroll-margin-top:120px}<\/style>\n<div style=\"border:1px solid #d7dfe4;background:#ffffff;margin:0 0 22px;padding:12px 14px;\">\n<div style=\"font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:.09em;text-transform:uppercase;color:#6b8091;font-weight:600;margin-bottom:9px;\">On this page &middot; click to jump<\/div>\n<div><span data-dm=\"dm-b0\" style=\"cursor:pointer;display:inline-block;padding:5px 11px;border:1px solid #dfe6ea;background:#F7FAFB;margin:0 6px 7px 0;font-size:13px;color:#12303f;\">What Hastelloy C-2000 Is<\/span><span data-dm=\"dm-b1\" style=\"cursor:pointer;display:inline-block;padding:5px 11px;border:1px solid #dfe6ea;background:#F7FAFB;margin:0 6px 7px 0;font-size:13px;color:#12303f;\">Honest Positioning in the Family<\/span><span data-dm=\"dm-b2\" style=\"cursor:pointer;display:inline-block;padding:5px 11px;border:1px solid #dfe6ea;background:#F7FAFB;margin:0 6px 7px 0;font-size:13px;color:#12303f;\">Standards by Product Form<\/span><span data-dm=\"dm-b3\" style=\"cursor:pointer;display:inline-block;padding:5px 11px;border:1px solid #dfe6ea;background:#F7FAFB;margin:0 6px 7px 0;font-size:13px;color:#12303f;\">ASME Code Acceptance and MAXIMUM CODE TEMPERATURES<\/span><span data-dm=\"dm-b4\" style=\"cursor:pointer;display:inline-block;padding:5px 11px;border:1px solid #dfe6ea;background:#F7FAFB;margin:0 6px 7px 0;font-size:13px;color:#12303f;\">Product Forms With NO Covering Standard<\/span><span data-dm=\"dm-b5\" style=\"cursor:pointer;display:inline-block;padding:5px 11px;border:1px solid #dfe6ea;background:#F7FAFB;margin:0 6px 7px 0;font-size:13px;color:#12303f;\">Chemical Composition<\/span><span data-dm=\"dm-b6\" style=\"cursor:pointer;display:inline-block;padding:5px 11px;border:1px solid #dfe6ea;background:#F7FAFB;margin:0 6px 7px 0;font-size:13px;color:#12303f;\">Mechanical Properties<\/span><span data-dm=\"dm-b7\" style=\"cursor:pointer;display:inline-block;padding:5px 11px;border:1px solid #dfe6ea;background:#F7FAFB;margin:0 6px 7px 0;font-size:13px;color:#12303f;\">Physical Properties<\/span><span data-dm=\"dm-b8\" style=\"cursor:pointer;display:inline-block;padding:5px 11px;border:1px solid #dfe6ea;background:#F7FAFB;margin:0 6px 7px 0;font-size:13px;color:#12303f;\">Heat Treatment and Thermal Stability<\/span><span data-dm=\"dm-b9\" style=\"cursor:pointer;display:inline-block;padding:5px 11px;border:1px solid #dfe6ea;background:#F7FAFB;margin:0 6px 7px 0;font-size:13px;color:#12303f;\">Welding<\/span><span data-dm=\"dm-b10\" style=\"cursor:pointer;display:inline-block;padding:5px 11px;border:1px solid #dfe6ea;background:#F7FAFB;margin:0 6px 7px 0;font-size:13px;color:#12303f;\">Machining<\/span><span data-dm=\"dm-b11\" style=\"cursor:pointer;display:inline-block;padding:5px 11px;border:1px solid #dfe6ea;background:#F7FAFB;margin:0 6px 7px 0;font-size:13px;color:#12303f;\">Corrosion<\/span><span data-dm=\"dm-b12\" style=\"cursor:pointer;display:inline-block;padding:5px 11px;border:1px solid #dfe6ea;background:#F7FAFB;margin:0 6px 7px 0;font-size:13px;color:#12303f;\">Frequently Asked Questions<\/span><span data-dm=\"dm-b13\" style=\"cursor:pointer;display:inline-block;padding:5px 11px;border:1px solid #dfe6ea;background:#F7FAFB;margin:0 6px 7px 0;font-size:13px;color:#12303f;\">Common Datasheet Errors and Traps<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><script>(function(){function go(id){var e=document.getElementById(id);if(e){var s=document.scrollingElement||document.documentElement;var y=e.getBoundingClientRect().top+s.scrollTop-118;if(y-0-0-0-0!==y){y=0;}window.scrollTo(0,y);}}function bind(el){el.addEventListener(\"click\",function(ev){ev.preventDefault();go(el.getAttribute(\"data-dm\"));});}function init(){var l=document.querySelectorAll(\"[data-dm]\");Array.prototype.forEach.call(l,bind);if(location.hash){if(location.hash.indexOf(\"#dm-\")===0){try{history.replaceState(null,\"\",location.pathname+location.search);}catch(e){}window.scrollTo(0,0);setTimeout(function(){window.scrollTo(0,0);},80);}}}if(document.readyState===\"loading\"){document.addEventListener(\"DOMContentLoaded\",init);}else{init();}})();<\/script><!-- \/dm-nav --><br \/>\n<span id=\"dm-teknik\" style=\"display:block;height:0;overflow:hidden;\"><\/span><br \/>\nHastelloy C-2000 (UNS N06200), also widely known as Alloy C-2000, is one of the most widely used nickel alloys. The grade shows durability over long periods particularly in sulphuric acid environments. Containing a high proportion of nickel, chromium and molybdenum, Alloy C-2000 also contains around 1.5% copper and around 1.5% cobalt.<\/p>\n<p>Generally chosen where sulphuric acid is present, the material is a nickel alloy preferred because the proportions of the elements it contains are very well balanced. Like many other nickel alloys it can be welded and formed readily. Not especially easy to machine, the material can be found in producers&#8217; stocks in plate, bar, wire, tube and electrode form.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Machinability:<\/strong> Among nickel-based alloys it offers good machinability and formability. Because of its high chromium and molybdenum content, however, there are some particular points to observe during machining.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Turning and milling:<\/strong> Cutting tools \u2014 it can be machined using carbide inserts or hardened steel tooling. Cutting speed \u2014 it can be machined at high cutting speeds, but care should be taken against overheating at excessive speeds. Cooling \u2014 using cutting fluids prevents the heating that can occur during machining and extends tool life.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Weldability:<\/strong> Hastelloy C-2000 can be welded by the TIG (Tungsten Inert Gas) and MIG (Metal Inert Gas) processes. It is important to use suitable shielding gases during welding in order to prevent oxidation. Care should be taken that weld zone temperatures do not become excessively high, as excessive thermal stress in this alloy can lead to loss of corrosion resistance.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Heat treatment:<\/strong> The alloy is generally not heat treated. Post-weld annealing treatments can be carried out, however, and are required for stress relief and to prevent excessive hardening.<\/p>\n<div style=\"border:1px solid #d7dfe4;background:#ffffff;margin:24px 0 18px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\">\n<div style=\"background:#DD3333;color:#ffffff;font-size:13px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.04em;text-transform:uppercase;padding:10px 12px;line-height:1.35;\">Chemical Composition (NiCr23Mo16Cu) \u00b7 Hastelloy C-2000 (2.4675)<\/div>\n<p><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<table style=\"border-collapse:collapse;width:100%;font-size:15px;line-height:1.5;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\">Ni<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">~59%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\">Cr<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">~23%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\">Mo<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">~23%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\">Cu<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">~1.6%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\">C<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">max 0.01%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\">Mn<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">max 0.50%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\">Si<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">max 0.08%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\">Fe<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">max 13.00%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\">Al<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">max 0.50%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\">Co<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">max 2.00%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"border:1px solid #d7dfe4;background:#ffffff;margin:24px 0 18px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\">\n<div style=\"background:#DD3333;color:#ffffff;font-size:13px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.04em;text-transform:uppercase;padding:10px 12px;line-height:1.35;\">Mechanical Properties at Room Temperature<\/div>\n<p><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<table style=\"border-collapse:collapse;width:100%;font-size:15px;line-height:1.5;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\">Density (specific gravity)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">8550 kg\/m\u00b3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\">Thermal Conductivity (at room temperature)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">9.1 W\/m.\u00b0C<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\">Melting Temperature<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">1330 \u2013 1360 \u00b0C<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"dm-std\" style=\"border:1px solid #d7dfe4;background:#ffffff;margin:24px 0 18px;\">\n<div style=\"background:#DD3333;color:#ffffff;font-size:13px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.04em;text-transform:uppercase;padding:10px 12px;line-height:1.35;\">Standards and Equivalents \u00b7 Hastelloy C-2000<\/div>\n<div data-dmtw=\"1\" style=\"position:relative;overflow:hidden;\"><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"position:relative;z-index:2;overflow-x:auto;\">\n<table style=\"border-collapse:collapse;width:100%;font-size:15px;line-height:1.5;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\">Trade name<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">Hastelloy C-2000<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\">UNS<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">N06200<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\">W.Nr (DIN\/EN)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">2.4675 \u00b7 2.4699 \u00b7 2.4698<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\">EN chemical symbol<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">NiCr23Mo16Cu<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\">ASTM<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">B574 <span style=\"font-size:13px;color:#6b7a84;\">(bar)<\/span> \u00b7 B564 <span style=\"font-size:13px;color:#6b7a84;\">(forgings)<\/span> \u00b7 B575 <span style=\"font-size:13px;color:#6b7a84;\">(plate, sheet)<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\">Available forms<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">Round bar \u00b7 Flat bar \u00b7 Plate \u00b7 Sheet \u00b7 Tube \u00b7 Forgings<br \/><span style=\"font-size:13px;color:#6b7a84;\">All forms are supplied to order.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><!-- dm-zengin --><\/p>\n<h4 id=\"dm-b0\" style=\"font-size:19px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;margin:30px 0 10px;line-height:1.35;\">What Hastelloy C-2000 Is \u2014 and Why the Copper Is There<\/h4>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 12px;font-size:15px;line-height:1.75;\">Hastelloy C-2000 (UNS <b>N06200<\/b> \/ W.Nr. <b>2.4675<\/b> \/ DIN 17744 name <b>NiCr23Mo16Cu<\/b>) is a wrought, single-phase FCC <b>nickel-chromium-molybdenum solid-solution alloy<\/b>: nominally <b>Ni 59 \u00b7 Cr 23 \u00b7 Mo 16 \u00b7 Cu 1.6<\/b>, Fe 3.0 % max, Co 2.0 % max, carbon held to <b>0.010 % max<\/b> and silicon to <b>0.08 % max<\/b>. It is <b>non-age-hardening<\/b>; solid-solution strengthening is the only mechanism available. <b>What separates it from the rest of the C-family is a deliberate copper addition<\/b> \u2014 in C-276 and C-22 copper is a <i>residual<\/i> capped at 0.5 % max, while in C-2000 it is a <b>specified element at 1.3\u20131.9 %<\/b>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:18px 0 6px;font-size:15px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;line-height:1.5;\">Why the copper is there \u2014 the centrepiece of this page<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 12px;font-size:15px;line-height:1.75;\"><b>In the originator&#8217;s own words<\/b>, the alloy is &#8220;<b>unique among the versatile nickel-chromium-molybdenum materials in having a deliberate copper addition\u2026 This provides greatly enhanced resistance to sulfuric acid.<\/b>&#8221; The same publisher&#8217;s metallurgical guide adds that copper &#8220;<b>enhances the resistance of nickel in seawater and reducing acids, especially hydrofluoric<\/b>.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 12px;font-size:15px;line-height:1.75;\"><b>Here is the engineering problem copper solves.<\/b> In a Ni-Cr-Mo alloy, chromium and molybdenum pull in opposite directions. Chromium forms the passive film that survives <b>oxidising<\/b> acids (nitric, hot concentrated sulphuric, ferric- or cupric-contaminated streams). Molybdenum suppresses active dissolution in <b>reducing<\/b> acids (hydrochloric, dilute sulphuric, hydrofluoric, deaerated service). You cannot raise both without limit: the originator describes C-2000 as sitting near &#8220;<b>the gamma phase field boundary<\/b>&#8221; \u2014 the metastability limit beyond which second phases precipitate during fabrication and welding. <b>C-276 resolved the conflict in favour of molybdenum<\/b> and accepted only 16 % Cr. <b>Alloy 22 resolved it in favour of chromium<\/b> and dropped Mo to 13 %. <b>C-2000 takes 23 Cr AND 16 Mo<\/b> \u2014 the maximum the gamma field will hold \u2014 and then uses <b>copper as a third lever<\/b> to cover the one window where even that combination is weak: <b>mid-concentration sulphuric acid at moderate temperature<\/b>, where the stream is neither oxidising enough for chromium&#8217;s passive film to hold nor reducing enough for molybdenum alone to carry it.<\/p>\n<div style=\"border:1px solid #d7dfe4;background:#ffffff;margin:24px 0 18px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\">\n<div style=\"background:#DD3333;color:#ffffff;font-size:13px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.04em;text-transform:uppercase;padding:10px 12px;line-height:1.35;\">What the Copper Buys \u00b7 Same Publisher, Same Test Protocol (mm\/y)<\/div>\n<p><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<table style=\"border-collapse:collapse;width:100%;font-size:15px;line-height:1.5;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>50 % H\u2082SO\u2084, 93 \u00b0C<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>C-2000: 0.16<\/b> \u00b7 C-22: 0.77 \u2192 <b>4.8\u00d7<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\"><b>50 % H\u2082SO\u2084, 79 \u00b0C<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\"><b>C-2000: 0.02<\/b> \u00b7 C-22: 0.40 \u2192 <b>20\u00d7<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>10 % HCl, 66 \u00b0C<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>C-2000: 0.65<\/b> \u00b7 C-22: 0.98 \u2192 <b>1.5\u00d7<\/b> \u2014 real but modest<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\"><b>The originator&#8217;s own bounding claim<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">Superiority &#8220;<b>in hydrochloric acid at concentrations up to 10 %, and in sulfuric acid at concentrations up to 80 %<\/b>&#8221; \u2014 an honest and correctly bounded claim. <b>Above 10 % HCl the advantage disappears.<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<p style=\"margin:18px 0 6px;font-size:15px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;line-height:1.5;\">What the copper costs \u2014 stated honestly<\/p>\n<div style=\"border:1px solid #d7dfe4;background:#ffffff;margin:24px 0 18px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\">\n<div style=\"background:#DD3333;color:#ffffff;font-size:13px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.04em;text-transform:uppercase;padding:10px 12px;line-height:1.35;\">The Price C-2000 Pays for Its Copper<\/div>\n<p><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<table style=\"border-collapse:collapse;width:100%;font-size:15px;line-height:1.5;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>The ASME code ceiling collapses<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">C-2000 is accepted in ASME Section VIII Div. 1 to <b>427 \u00b0C (800 \u00b0F)<\/b>. <b>C-276 and C-22 are accepted to 677 \u00b0C (1250 \u00b0F)<\/b> \u2014 <b>250 K higher<\/b>. This is the single most consequential fact on the page and the one most often omitted from distributor datasheets<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\"><b>The CAUSE of that ceiling<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\"><b>Could not be independently verified.<\/b> Whether the 427 \u00b0C limit is caused by the copper, by the absence of long-term creep data, or simply by the alloy&#8217;s youth could not be established. <b>Do not state a reason on the page<\/b> \u2014 state the limit, do not invent the rationale<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<h4 id=\"dm-b1\" style=\"font-size:19px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;margin:30px 0 10px;line-height:1.35;\">Honest Positioning in the Family \u2014 C-2000 \u00b7 C-276 \u00b7 C-22 \u00b7 Alloy 59<\/h4>\n<div style=\"border:1px solid #d7dfe4;background:#ffffff;margin:24px 0 18px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\">\n<div style=\"background:#DD3333;color:#ffffff;font-size:13px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.04em;text-transform:uppercase;padding:10px 12px;line-height:1.35;\">Side by Side \u00b7 With Real Numbers<\/div>\n<p><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<table style=\"border-collapse:collapse;width:100%;font-size:15px;line-height:1.5;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\">Cr, %<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">C-2000 <b>22.0\u201324.0<\/b> \u00b7 C-276 14.5\u201316.5 \u00b7 C-22 20.0\u201322.5 \u00b7 59 22.0\u201324.0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\">Mo, %<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">C-2000 <b>15.0\u201317.0<\/b> \u00b7 C-276 15.0\u201317.0 \u00b7 C-22 12.5\u201314.5 \u00b7 59 15.0\u201316.5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>Cu, %<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>C-2000 1.3\u20131.9 (deliberate)<\/b> \u00b7 C-276 0.5 max (residual) \u00b7 C-22 0.5 max (residual) \u00b7 59 \u2014<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\"><b>ASME VIII Div. 1 max<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\"><b>C-2000 427 \u00b0C<\/b> \u00b7 <b>C-276 677 \u00b0C<\/b> \u00b7 <b>C-22 677 \u00b0C<\/b> \u00b7 alloy 59 \u2014 <b>no published ASME maximum temperature was found; do not publish an alloy 59 code temperature<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\">ASTM G48 CPT (acidified 6 % FeCl\u2083)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">C-2000 <b>145 \u00b0C<\/b> \u00b7 C-276 &gt;150 \u00b0C \u00b7 C-22 &gt;150 \u00b0C \u2014 <b>C-2000&#8217;s pitting temperature is marginally BELOW the other two<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\">ASTM G48 CCT (acidified 6 % FeCl\u2083)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\"><b>C-2000 80 \u00b0C<\/b> \u00b7 <b>C-276 55 \u00b0C<\/b> \u00b7 C-22 80 \u00b0C \u2014 <b>the 25 K margin over C-276 is in CREVICE corrosion<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\">50 % H\u2082SO\u2084 @ 93 \u00b0C<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>C-2000 0.16 mm\/y<\/b> \u00b7 C-22 0.77 mm\/y \u00b7 C-276 not published at this point<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<p style=\"margin:18px 0 6px;font-size:15px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;line-height:1.5;\">The honest positioning sentence to publish<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 12px;font-size:15px;line-height:1.75;\"><b>C-2000 is NOT a general upgrade on C-276 or C-22. It is a narrower, more expensive tool.<\/b> <b>It wins decisively in sulphuric acid up to ~80 %, in dilute hydrochloric up to ~10 %, and in hydrofluoric acid<\/b>, and it carries <b>roughly 25 K better crevice resistance than C-276<\/b> (CCT 80 \u00b0C vs 55 \u00b0C). <b>It loses on ASME code temperature<\/b> (427 \u00b0C vs 677 \u00b0C \u2014 a hard disqualifier above 427 \u00b0C), on standards coverage, on availability and on price. <b>Alloy 59<\/b> matches its chromium and molybdenum without the copper \u2014 and therefore without what the copper buys. <b><a href=\"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/en\/hastelloy-c-22\/\">C-22<\/a><\/b> matches its chromium but <b>gives up 3 points of molybdenum<\/b>. <b><a href=\"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/en\/hastelloy-c-276\/\">C-276<\/a><\/b> matches its molybdenum but <b>gives up 7 points of chromium<\/b>.<\/p>\n<h4 id=\"dm-b2\" style=\"font-size:19px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;margin:30px 0 10px;line-height:1.35;\">Standards by Product Form<\/h4>\n<p><!-- dm-diy-std --><\/p>\n<div style=\"border:1px solid #e3e9ec;margin:22px 0 26px;background:#fff;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\">\n<div style=\"background:#12303f;color:#fff;padding:9px 14px;font-size:14px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.3px;position:relative;z-index:2;\">STANDARDS BY PRODUCT FORM<\/div>\n<div style=\"position:relative;z-index:2;\">\n<div style=\"padding:12px 12px 2px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\"><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"overflow-x:auto;position:relative;z-index:2;\">\n<table style=\"width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:13.5px;min-width:430px;background:transparent;\">\n<tr>\n<th style=\"padding:7px 9px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:#12303f;background:#F2F6F8;border:1px solid #eceff1;\">Product form<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding:7px 9px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:#12303f;background:#F2F6F8;border:1px solid #eceff1;\">Standards<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">Plate<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">ASTM B575 \/ ASME SB-575 \u2014 solution annealed and descaled \u00b7 DIN 17744 (2.4675) \u00b7 TUV Werkstoffblatt 539. There is NO AMS number (see the specification note).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">Sheet and strip<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">ASTM B575 \/ ASME SB-575 \u00b7 DIN 17744. There is NO AMS number.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">Round bar and flat bar (including square and hexagon)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">ASTM B574 \/ ASME SB-574 \u2014 hot-finished and cold-finished, solution annealed \u00b7 NACE MR0175 \/ ISO 15156. There is NO AMS number.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">Seamless pipe and tube<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">ASTM B622 \/ ASME SB-622 \u2014 solution annealed and descaled. There is NO AMS number.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">Welded pipe<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">ASTM B619 \/ ASME SB-619 \u2014 Class I: welded and solution annealed; Class II: welded, cold worked and solution annealed. There is NO AMS number.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">Welded tube<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">ASTM B626 \/ ASME SB-626. There is NO AMS number.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">Forging<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">ASTM B564 \/ ASME SB-564 \u2014 solution annealed; N06200 is within scope and its minimums are the same as for bar. There is NO AMS number.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">Flange, valve part<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">ASTM B462 \/ ASME SB-462 \u2014 forged or rolled flanges, fittings and valve parts; N06200 is within scope \u00b7 dimensions to ASME B16.5 \/ B16.47 \u00b7 valve service to ASME B16.34. There is NO AMS number.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">Fitting<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">ASTM B366 \/ ASME SB-366 \u2014 factory-made wrought fittings; N06200 is within scope, class marking WPHC2000 \u00b7 dimensions to ASME B16.9 \/ B16.11. There is NO AMS number.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">Welding consumable<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">AWS A5.14 \/ ASME SFA-5.14 ERNiCrMo-17 (bare wire and rod) \u00b7 AWS A5.11 \/ ASME SFA-5.11 ENiCrMo-17 (covered electrode) \u00b7 DIN 2.4698 (wire, SG-NiCr23Mo16Cu) \u00b7 DIN 2.4699 (electrode, EL-NiCr23Mo16Cu) \u00b7 ASME Section IX F-No. 43 \u00b7 ASME Code Cases 2337 and 2338.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"padding:6px 14px 12px;font-size:12px;color:#5b7180;line-height:1.7;border-top:1px solid #f0f3f5;position:relative;z-index:2;\">The rule that AMS numbers come first could not be applied to this alloy: there is NO verified AMS specification for N06200. What stands out on the ASTM side: B574, B575, B619, B622, B626, B564 and B462 all carry THE SAME minimum set for N06200 \u2014 690 MPa tensile, 310 MPa yield, 45% elongation. That is the same set carried by C-22 (N06022); C-276 (N10276) separates in the same tables at 690 \/ 283 MPa \/ 40%. In ASTM B366 the class marking for N06200 is WPHC2000; this marking is looked for on the order and on the certificate.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><!-- \/dm-diy-std --><\/p>\n<div style=\"border:1px solid #d7dfe4;background:#ffffff;margin:24px 0 18px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\">\n<div style=\"background:#DD3333;color:#ffffff;font-size:13px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.04em;text-transform:uppercase;padding:10px 12px;line-height:1.35;\">Standards by Product Form \u00b7 Hastelloy C-2000 (N06200 \/ 2.4675)<\/div>\n<p><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<table style=\"border-collapse:collapse;width:100%;font-size:15px;line-height:1.5;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\">Plate \u00b7 sheet \u00b7 strip<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">ASTM <b>B575<\/b> \/ ASME SB-575 \u2014 N06200 <b>verified<\/b> in the ASTM scope<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\">Rod \u00b7 bar<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">ASTM <b>B574<\/b> \/ SB-574 \u2014 <b>verified<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\">Seamless pipe and tube<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">ASTM <b>B622<\/b> \/ SB-622 \u2014 <b>verified<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\">Welded pipe<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">ASTM <b>B619<\/b> \/ SB-619 \u2014 <b>verified; it has two classes, Class I and Class II<\/b>. State which one on the purchase order<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\">Wrought fittings<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">ASTM <b>B366<\/b> \/ SB-366 \u2014 <b>verified<\/b>; marking <b>WP HC 2000<\/b> \/ <b>HC 2000<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\"><b>Flanges \u00b7 forged fittings \u00b7 valve parts<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">ASTM <b>B462<\/b> \/ SB-462 \u2014 <b>verified; N06200 appears in the title of the standard<\/b>, the strongest verification among the fitting specifications<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\">Bare rod and wire (welding)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>AWS A5.14 \/ SFA-5.14 ERNiCrMo-17<\/b>, UNS <b>N06200<\/b> \u00b7 EN ISO 18274 <b>S Ni 6200 (NiCr23Mo16Cu2)<\/b> \u00b7 DIN <b>2.4698 SG-NiCr23Mo16Cu<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\">Covered electrode<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\"><b>AWS A5.11 \/ SFA-5.11 ENiCrMo-17<\/b>, UNS <b>W86200<\/b> \u00b7 DIN <b>2.4699 EL-NiCr23Mo16Cu<\/b> \u00b7 an ISO 14172 equivalent <b>could not be verified<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\">ASME Section IX<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">Base metal <b>P-No. 43<\/b> \u00b7 filler <b>F-No. 43<\/b> \u2014 <b>single-sourced (the originator&#8217;s table)<\/b> and <b>contradicted<\/b>; see below<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\">Europe \u00b7 Germany<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">DIN 17744 <b>2.4675 NiCr23Mo16Cu<\/b> (a <b>composition<\/b> standard only) \u00b7 <b>VdT\u00dcV Werkstoffblatt 539<\/b> \u00b7 for fillers, VdT\u00dcV Kennblatt <b>9677<\/b> (electrode) \/ <b>9678<\/b> (TIG rod) \/ <b>9679<\/b> (MIG wire)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>EN product standard<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>THERE IS NONE.<\/b> DIN 17744 is a composition standard, not a product standard. Whether 2.4675 appears in DIN <b>17750 \/ 17751 \/ 17752 \/ 17753<\/b> (sheet\/plate, tube, bar, wire) <b>could not be verified<\/b>. <b>Do not publish &#8220;EN 10088&#8221; or &#8220;EN 10204 grade&#8221;<\/b> \u2014 EN 10204 is a <b>certificate type<\/b>, not a material standard; a 3.1 or 3.2 certificate is ordered independently of the material specification<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<h4 id=\"dm-b3\" style=\"font-size:19px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;margin:30px 0 10px;line-height:1.35;\">ASME Code Acceptance and MAXIMUM CODE TEMPERATURES<\/h4>\n<p><!-- dm-diy-isil --><\/p>\n<div style=\"border:1px solid #e3e9ec;margin:22px 0 26px;background:#fff;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\">\n<div style=\"background:#12303f;color:#fff;padding:9px 14px;font-size:14px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.3px;position:relative;z-index:2;\">HEAT TREATMENT \u2014 SCHEMATIC<\/div>\n<div style=\"position:relative;z-index:2;\">\n<div style=\"padding:10px 12px 2px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\"><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"position:relative;z-index:2;\">\n<div style=\"font-size:13.5px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;margin:6px 0 6px;\">SOLUTION ANNEAL \u2014 this is the only valid heat treatment<\/div>\n<table style=\"width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:13.5px;background:transparent;\">\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Step<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">SOLUTION ANNEAL \u2014 this is the only valid heat treatment<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Summary<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">The alloy&#8217;s only heat treatment. It removes cold work and takes precipitates back into solid solution; Haynes International states that this cycle &#8216;has been designed to optimize the alloy&#8217;s corrosion resistance and ductility&#8217;. It DOES NOT RAISE strength; it lowers it. This is the delivery condition.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Temperature<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">The sources diverge, ALL WITH THE SOURCE NAMED: Haynes International (current brochure and heat-treatment guidance) 1149 C (2100 F), tolerance +\/-14 C (+\/-25 F) \u00b7 Haynes International (the version published by Parr) 1135 C (2075 F) \u00b7 Super Metals 1135 C \u00b7 Virgamet 1135-1163 C. NO SINGLE FIGURE HAS BEEN WRITTEN; the combined band is 1135-1163 C and the current Haynes requirement is 1149 +\/-14 C. Whichever specification the order is placed against governs.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Time<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">Haynes International gives 10-30 minutes depending on thickness. As the other sources give no time, no single figure has been written.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Cooling<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">RAPID COOLING IS MANDATORY. Haynes International: water quenching is preferred; rapid air cooling is accepted on sections below 10 mm; the time between removal from the furnace and the start of quenching must be LESS THAN 3 MINUTES. Super Metals: air or water quench. Virgamet: water quench. Reason (Haynes International): slow cooling nucleates and grows deleterious second-phase precipitates at the grain boundaries.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Purpose<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">Delivery condition; after every hot-forming operation; after heavy cold forming; where maximum corrosion resistance is required after welding. ASTM B574 \/ B575 \/ B619 \/ B622 \/ B626 \/ B564 \/ B462 require the material solution annealed and descaled.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Resulting hardness<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">In the annealed condition Haynes International reports 88 HRBW for plate and 84 HRBW for bar. This is not a target but the typical result of the delivery condition.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"padding:10px 12px 2px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\"><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"position:relative;z-index:2;\">\n<div style=\"font-size:13.5px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;margin:6px 0 6px;\">HOT WORKING \u2014 not a heat treatment but the forming window<\/div>\n<table style=\"width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:13.5px;background:transparent;\">\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Step<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">HOT WORKING \u2014 not a heat treatment but the forming window<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Summary<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">The range is narrow. Haynes International reports that the alloy is more sensitive to strain and STRAIN RATE than austenitic stainless steels. A solution anneal afterwards is mandatory.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Temperature<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">Start 1232 C (2250 F), finish 954 C (1750 F) \u2014 Haynes International and Virgamet.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Time<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">\u2014<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Cooling<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">A solution anneal and rapid cooling follow the forming operation.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Purpose<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">Forging and hot rolling.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"padding:10px 12px 2px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\"><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"position:relative;z-index:2;\">\n<div style=\"font-size:13.5px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;margin:6px 0 6px;\">STRESS RELIEF \u2014 there is NO separate recipe for this alloy<\/div>\n<table style=\"width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:13.5px;background:transparent;\">\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Step<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">STRESS RELIEF \u2014 there is NO separate recipe for this alloy<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Summary<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">The producer sources read give no numerical stress-relief recipe (temperature plus time) for N06200. Where stress must be relieved, the treatment applied is a full solution anneal plus rapid cooling, not a hold at intermediate temperature.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Temperature<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">No figure has been written; it could not be verified from 4 independent sources. NOTE: Alloy Wire International gives a 400-450 C \/ 2 hours \/ air cool stress relief for spring-tempered fine WIRE; that is specific to SPRING WIRE, is NOT a process recipe for plate, bar or pipe, and is not used for corrosion service.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Purpose<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">\u2014<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"padding:10px 12px 2px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\"><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"position:relative;z-index:2;\">\n<div style=\"font-size:13.5px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;margin:6px 0 6px;\">Additional information<\/div>\n<table style=\"width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:13.5px;background:transparent;\">\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Treatments to avoid<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">AGEING \/ PRECIPITATION HARDENING: no such stage EXISTS. Conditions such as H900, H1025, H1075 or H1150 do not belong to this alloy. \u00b7 SLOW COOLING AFTER THE SOLUTION ANNEAL (in the furnace or in still air, on heavy sections): it invalidates the treatment; the interval between leaving the furnace and quenching must not exceed 3 minutes. \u00b7 CODE SERVICE ABOVE 427 C: the ceiling for ASME Section VIII Div. 1, B31.3 and B16.5 is 427 C; the VdTUV ceiling is 450 C. \u00b7 HOT WORKING ABOVE 1232 C OR BELOW 954 C: the window is narrow; going outside it produces cracks.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"padding:6px 14px 12px;font-size:12px;color:#5b7180;line-height:1.7;border-top:1px solid #f0f3f5;position:relative;z-index:2;\">The diagram is schematic; the time axis is not to scale. Hastelloy C-2000 is a SOLID-SOLUTION alloy and IS NOT PRECIPITATION HARDENABLE \u2014 there is NO ageing stage, so no ageing diagram has been drawn. No curve has been drawn because no published TTT\/CCT curve for N06200 was used. The diagram is schematic; the time axis is not to scale. No curve has been drawn because no published TTT\/CCT curve was used. Hastelloy C-2000 is a SOLID-SOLUTION alloy. There is NO ageing stage; hardness rises only through cold work and is removed again by solution annealing. NO SINGLE FIGURE HAS BEEN WRITTEN FOR THE SOLUTION ANNEAL: two different publications from Haynes International give 1149 C and 1135 C. The current brochure and heat-treatment guidance give 1149 +\/-14 C. THE 1065 C (1950 F) GIVEN BY ELGILOY HAS NOT BEEN PUT ON THE CARD: that is the solution-anneal temperature of Hastelloy B-3 and the same figure appears on the same supplier&#8217;s B-3 page; it agrees with no other source for C-2000 (see contradictions). NO NUMERICAL DELETERIOUS PRECIPITATION BAND HAS BEEN WRITTEN FOR N06200: the readable sources give no sigma \/ mu \/ P phase band specific to C-2000. There is only the statement that slow cooling produces deleterious second phases, and that statement is what has been put on the card.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><!-- \/dm-diy-isil --><\/p>\n<div style=\"border:1px solid #d7dfe4;background:#ffffff;margin:24px 0 18px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\">\n<div style=\"background:#DD3333;color:#ffffff;font-size:13px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.04em;text-transform:uppercase;padding:10px 12px;line-height:1.35;\">Code Ceilings (these are CODE limits, not material capability)<\/div>\n<p><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<table style=\"border-collapse:collapse;width:100%;font-size:15px;line-height:1.5;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>ASME Section VIII Div. 1<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">Accepted \u2014 via SB-575 \/ SB-574 \/ SB-619 \/ SB-622 \/ SB-626 \/ SB-366 \/ SB-462 \/ SB-564. <b>Maximum temperature 427 \u00b0C (800 \u00b0F)<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\"><b>ASME Section VIII Div. 2<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\"><b>Could not be verified.<\/b> The C-276 bulletin states Div. 1 <i>and<\/i> Div. 2; the C-2000 bulletin does not distinguish. <b>Do not publish a Div. 2 claim \u2014 silence is not acceptance<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>VdT\u00dcV Werkstoffblatt 539<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>450 \u00b0C (844 \u00b0F)<\/b> \u2014 the ceiling on the German\/PED route. The German mill datasheet publishes elevated-temperature mechanical data <b>only to 450 \u00b0C<\/b>, consistent with that ceiling<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\"><b>CONFLICT \u2014 427 \u00b0C or 450 \u00b0C<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\"><b>Print both; never average.<\/b> A vessel stamped to ASME stops at <b>427 \u00b0C<\/b>; a vessel built on the German\/PED route under VdT\u00dcV 539 is documented to <b>450 \u00b0C<\/b>. <b>Never quote 450 \u00b0C on an ASME job<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>ASME Section IX P-No.<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>P-No. 43<\/b> \u2014 the originator&#8217;s table prints &#8220;P= 43&#8221; against every base-metal form. <b>CONFLICT:<\/b> the same publisher also prints P-43 for C-22 (N06022), but an independent welding source assigns <b>P-No. 44 to C-276 (N10276)<\/b> in the same family. <b>Both cannot be right for the family as a whole.<\/b> Before writing the WPS, <b>read ASME IX Table QW\/QB-422 directly<\/b> \u2014 a wrong P-number invalidates the procedure qualification and every weld made under it<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<p style=\"margin:18px 0 6px;font-size:15px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;line-height:1.5;\">NACE MR0175 \/ ISO 15156 \u2014 how it should be worded<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 12px;font-size:15px;line-height:1.75;\">The originator&#8217;s specification table lists <b>NACE MR0175 \/ ISO 15156<\/b> under &#8220;Others&#8221;. <b>That is the only publisher in which it could be verified<\/b>, and N06200 could not be located in any retrievable extract of ISO 15156-3 Annex A. <b>So do not publish a bare &#8220;NACE compliant&#8221; claim; publish this wording instead:<\/b><br \/>C-2000 is listed by the alloy originator as compliant with NACE MR0175 \/ ISO 15156. <b>ISO 15156-3 does not grant blanket approval:<\/b> a nickel alloy is accepted only in a <b>stated metallurgical condition<\/b> (solution-annealed, with cold-work and hardness limits) and within <b>stated environmental limits<\/b> (H\u2082S partial pressure, chloride, pH, elemental sulphur, temperature). Before ordering for sour service, <b>obtain the current ISO 15156-3 Annex A table reference and its environmental limits<\/b>, and require the mill certificate to state the delivery condition and hardness. <b>Do not accept &#8220;NACE compliant&#8221; on a certificate without the table reference.<\/b><\/p>\n<h4 id=\"dm-b4\" style=\"font-size:19px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;margin:30px 0 10px;line-height:1.35;\">Product Forms With NO Covering Standard \u2014 the Commercially Valuable Section<\/h4>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 12px;font-size:15px;line-height:1.75;\">C-2000 was commercialised in the late 1990s and <b>its standards coverage never caught up with C-276&#8217;s<\/b>. The gaps below are commercially live, and this is the section your sales engineers should know by heart.<\/p>\n<div style=\"border:1px solid #d7dfe4;background:#ffffff;margin:24px 0 18px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\">\n<div style=\"background:#DD3333;color:#ffffff;font-size:13px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.04em;text-transform:uppercase;padding:10px 12px;line-height:1.35;\">Specification Gaps for N06200<\/div>\n<p><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<table style=\"border-collapse:collapse;width:100%;font-size:15px;line-height:1.5;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>Cold-drawn \u00b7 spring wire<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>There is NO ASTM wire specification for N06200.<\/b> It is absent from the originator&#8217;s own specification table as well. <b>This is a family-wide gap<\/b>, not a C-2000 defect \u2014 the alloy 59 datasheet shows the identical blank. Consequence: <b>wire is sold to the producing mill&#8217;s own datasheet.<\/b> There is no specification minimum to enforce and no third-party acceptance criterion to fall back on in a dispute. <b>Put the acceptance criteria in the purchase order yourself:<\/b> tensile range and temper, diameter tolerance, cast and helix, surface condition, and the test method for each<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\"><b>Bolting \u00b7 studs \u00b7 fasteners<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\"><b>There is NO dedicated ASTM bolting specification<\/b> (no B637-type coverage). <b>An ASME Section VIII bolting allowable for N06200 could not be verified.<\/b> The usual route is bar to B574 or forgings to B564, but <b>the designer cannot pull a code bolting allowable<\/b>. By contrast <b>C-22 is explicitly code-rated for bolting at 427 \u00b0C<\/b>. <b>Flag this on every stud and bolt enquiry<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>Castings<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">No ASTM <b>A494 \/ A743 \/ A351<\/b> grade for this composition could be <b>verified<\/b>. <b>Treat as not covered.<\/b> Valve and pump bodies in this chemistry are normally wrought, or a different cast grade \u2014 confirm before quoting<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\"><b>Flux-cored wire (AWS A5.34)<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">An <b>ENiCrMo-17T<\/b> classification <b>could not be verified<\/b>. <b>SMAW \/ GTAW \/ GMAW only. Do not promise FCAW<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>DIN 17750\/17751\/17752\/17753 product coverage<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>Could not be verified.<\/b> The German route is documented by <b>VdT\u00dcV 539<\/b>, not by a DIN product standard you can cite on a purchase order<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<h4 id=\"dm-b5\" style=\"font-size:19px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;margin:30px 0 10px;line-height:1.35;\">Chemical Composition<\/h4>\n<div style=\"border:1px solid #d7dfe4;background:#ffffff;margin:24px 0 18px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\">\n<div style=\"background:#DD3333;color:#ffffff;font-size:13px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.04em;text-transform:uppercase;padding:10px 12px;line-height:1.35;\">Chemical Composition \u00b7 ASTM B575 \/ B574 (wt. %) \u2014 these are SPECIFICATION limits<\/div>\n<p><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<table style=\"border-collapse:collapse;width:100%;font-size:15px;line-height:1.5;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>Cr<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>22.0 \u2013 24.0<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\"><b>Mo<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\"><b>15.0 \u2013 17.0<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>Cu<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>1.3 \u2013 1.9<\/b> \u2014 unique in this family; <b>a specified element, not a residual<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\">Other elements<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">Fe 3.0 max \u00b7 Co 2.0 max \u00b7 Al 0.50 max \u00b7 Mn 0.50 max \u00b7 Si 0.08 max \u00b7 P 0.025 max \u00b7 S 0.010 max<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>C<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>0.010 max<\/b> \u2014 deliberately low, to suppress M\u2086C carbide precipitation<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\"><b>Ni<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\"><b>Remainder<\/b> \u2014 there is no numeric range. <i>Nominal Ni ~59 %<\/i> is nominal only and is <b>never a specification value<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<p style=\"margin:18px 0 6px;font-size:15px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;line-height:1.5;\">Is there an ASTM \/ EN divergence in composition?<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 12px;font-size:15px;line-height:1.75;\"><b>No \u2014 element for element the two routes are identical.<\/b> The German mill table reproduces the ASTM limits exactly, <b>including P 0.025 and S 0.010<\/b>. Nickel is &#8220;Remainder&#8221; in ASTM and &#8220;Bal.&#8221; in the German table; the meaning is the same. <b>The real divergence is not in composition but in the mechanical minima<\/b> \u2014 see the next section. Note also that <b>whether DIN 17744&#8217;s own composition limits diverge from ASTM could not be verified directly<\/b>; the mill table matching ASTM exactly is suggestive, but the standard itself was not read. And <b>published literature is not a composition source<\/b>: a 2023 peer-reviewed review tabulates C-2000 as &#8220;Ni 57, Cr 23, Mo 16&#8221; with <b>no copper at all<\/b> and Fe 1.5. That is wrong on both counts. <b>The composition source is the ASTM table.<\/b><\/p>\n<h4 id=\"dm-b6\" style=\"font-size:19px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;margin:30px 0 10px;line-height:1.35;\">Mechanical Properties<\/h4>\n<p><!-- dm-diy-sert --><\/p>\n<div style=\"border:1px solid #e3e9ec;margin:22px 0 26px;background:#fff;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\">\n<div style=\"background:#12303f;color:#fff;padding:9px 14px;font-size:14px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.3px;position:relative;z-index:2;\">STRENGTH VALUES<\/div>\n<div style=\"position:relative;z-index:2;\">\n<div style=\"padding:12px 10px 0;\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 740 354\" style=\"width:100%;height:auto;display:block;\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" role=\"img\"><rect x=\"16\" y=\"6\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"#12303f\"\/><text x=\"34\" y=\"16\" font-size=\"11.5\" fill=\"#12303f\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">Yield (MPa)<\/text><rect x=\"146\" y=\"6\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"#7fa8bd\"\/><text x=\"164\" y=\"16\" font-size=\"11.5\" fill=\"#12303f\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">Tensile (MPa)<\/text><text x=\"16\" y=\"44\" font-size=\"12.5\" font-weight=\"bold\" fill=\"#12303f\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">ASTM B574 \/ B575 \/ B619 \/ B622 \/ B626 \/ B564 \/ B462 \u00b7 bar, plate, sheet, strip, p\u2026<\/text><rect x=\"16\" y=\"50\" width=\"593.5\" height=\"15\" fill=\"#7fa8bd\"\/><text x=\"616.5\" y=\"62\" font-size=\"11.5\" fill=\"#5b7180\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">690<\/text><rect x=\"16\" y=\"68\" width=\"266.6\" height=\"15\" fill=\"#12303f\"\/><text x=\"289.6\" y=\"80\" font-size=\"11.5\" fill=\"#5b7180\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">310<\/text><text x=\"16\" y=\"108\" font-size=\"12.5\" font-weight=\"bold\" fill=\"#12303f\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">TYPICAL \u00b7 sheet 1.6 mm (Haynes International)<\/text><rect x=\"16\" y=\"114\" width=\"646.8\" height=\"15\" fill=\"#7fa8bd\"\/><text x=\"669.8\" y=\"126\" font-size=\"11.5\" fill=\"#5b7180\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">752<\/text><rect x=\"16\" y=\"132\" width=\"308.8\" height=\"15\" fill=\"#12303f\"\/><text x=\"331.8\" y=\"144\" font-size=\"11.5\" fill=\"#5b7180\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">359<\/text><text x=\"16\" y=\"172\" font-size=\"12.5\" font-weight=\"bold\" fill=\"#12303f\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">TYPICAL \u00b7 plate 12.7 mm (Haynes International)<\/text><rect x=\"16\" y=\"178\" width=\"652.0\" height=\"15\" fill=\"#7fa8bd\"\/><text x=\"675.0\" y=\"190\" font-size=\"11.5\" fill=\"#5b7180\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">758<\/text><rect x=\"16\" y=\"196\" width=\"296.8\" height=\"15\" fill=\"#12303f\"\/><text x=\"319.8\" y=\"208\" font-size=\"11.5\" fill=\"#5b7180\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">345<\/text><text x=\"16\" y=\"236\" font-size=\"12.5\" font-weight=\"bold\" fill=\"#12303f\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">TYPICAL \u00b7 bar 25.4 mm (Haynes International)<\/text><rect x=\"16\" y=\"242\" width=\"652.0\" height=\"15\" fill=\"#7fa8bd\"\/><text x=\"675.0\" y=\"254\" font-size=\"11.5\" fill=\"#5b7180\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">758<\/text><rect x=\"16\" y=\"260\" width=\"308.8\" height=\"15\" fill=\"#12303f\"\/><text x=\"331.8\" y=\"272\" font-size=\"11.5\" fill=\"#5b7180\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">359<\/text><text x=\"16\" y=\"300\" font-size=\"12.5\" font-weight=\"bold\" fill=\"#12303f\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">TYPICAL \u00b7 at 538 C (1000 F)<\/text><rect x=\"16\" y=\"306\" width=\"504.1\" height=\"15\" fill=\"#7fa8bd\"\/><text x=\"527.1\" y=\"318\" font-size=\"11.5\" fill=\"#5b7180\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">586<\/text><rect x=\"16\" y=\"324\" width=\"184.1\" height=\"15\" fill=\"#12303f\"\/><text x=\"207.1\" y=\"336\" font-size=\"11.5\" fill=\"#5b7180\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">214<\/text><\/svg><\/div>\n<div style=\"padding:12px 12px 2px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\"><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"overflow-x:auto;position:relative;z-index:2;\">\n<table style=\"width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:13.5px;min-width:430px;background:transparent;\">\n<tr>\n<th style=\"padding:7px 9px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:#12303f;background:#F2F6F8;border:1px solid #eceff1;\">Condition<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding:7px 9px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:#12303f;background:#F2F6F8;border:1px solid #eceff1;\">Hardness<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding:7px 9px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:#12303f;background:#F2F6F8;border:1px solid #eceff1;\">Yield MPa<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding:7px 9px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:#12303f;background:#F2F6F8;border:1px solid #eceff1;\">Tensile MPa<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding:7px 9px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:#12303f;background:#F2F6F8;border:1px solid #eceff1;\">Elongation<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">ASTM B574 \/ B575 \/ B619 \/ B622 \/ B626 \/ B564 \/ B462 \u00b7 bar, plate, sheet, strip, pipe, tube, forging, flange<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">\u2014<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">310<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">690<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">45%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">TYPICAL \u00b7 sheet 1.6 mm (Haynes International)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">\u2014<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">359<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">752<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">64%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">TYPICAL \u00b7 plate 12.7 mm (Haynes International)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">88 HRBW<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">345<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">758<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">68%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">TYPICAL \u00b7 bar 25.4 mm (Haynes International)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">84 HRBW<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">359<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">758<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">67%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">TYPICAL \u00b7 at 538 C (1000 F)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">\u2014<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">214<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">586<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">75.3%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"padding:6px 14px 12px;font-size:12px;color:#5b7180;line-height:1.7;border-top:1px solid #f0f3f5;position:relative;z-index:2;\"><b style=\"color:#12303f;\">THE FIRST ROW IS THE ASTM SPECIFICATION MINIMUM for room temperature; because B574, B575, B619, B622, B626, B564 and B462 all carry THE SAME minimum set for N06200, they are gathered into one row. THE LAST FOUR ROWS are producer TYPICAL values, NOT specification requirements; a typical value never goes into a calculation. BECAUSE N06200 IS NOT PRECIPITATION HARDENABLE, the rows are split by SPECIFICATION and PRODUCT FORM, not by ageing condition; there is NO condition column such as H900 or H1075. THERE IS NO AMS ROW: no verified AMS specification could be found for N06200.<\/b> SPECIFICATION MINIMUM AND TYPICAL VALUE ARE KEPT APART. Only the minimum enters a calculation. N06200 and N06022 (C-22) ARE IDENTICAL in their ASTM minimums (690 \/ 310 MPa \/ 45%); N10276 (C-276) separates in the same tables at 690 \/ 283 MPa \/ 40%. The difference between the alloys is in corrosion behaviour, not in strength. HARDNESS IS GIVEN IN HRB ONLY; HRC is not meaningful for this alloy (84-88 HRBW in the solution-annealed condition). The 538 C row is NOT a code value: the ceiling for ASME Section VIII Div. 1, B31.3 and B16.5 is 427 C.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><!-- \/dm-diy-sert --><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 12px;font-size:15px;line-height:1.75;\"><b>Never confuse the three categories:<\/b> the <b>specification minimum<\/b> (what you can contractually enforce), <b>material capability<\/b> (what the metal can do) and the <b>typical mill value<\/b> (what a real heat delivered). <b>Never let a typical value into a purchase specification or a design calculation.<\/b><\/p>\n<div style=\"border:1px solid #d7dfe4;background:#ffffff;margin:24px 0 18px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\">\n<div style=\"background:#DD3333;color:#ffffff;font-size:13px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.04em;text-transform:uppercase;padding:10px 12px;line-height:1.35;\">SPECIFICATION MINIMA \u00b7 ASTM (contractually enforceable)<\/div>\n<p><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<table style=\"border-collapse:collapse;width:100%;font-size:15px;line-height:1.5;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>ASTM B575 \/ B574<\/b> \u2014 plate, sheet, strip; rod and bar \u00b7 solution annealed<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>Tensile strength \u2265690 MPa (100 ksi)<\/b> \u00b7 <b>0.2 % yield \u2265310 MPa (45 ksi)<\/b> \u00b7 <b>elongation \u226545 %<\/b> in 50.8 mm (2 in). Hardness <b>100 HRB max in B575 \u2014 but it is explicitly INFORMATIONAL, not an acceptance criterion<\/b>. Do not write it into a purchase order as a reject limit and do not let a customer reject plate on it<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"border:1px solid #d7dfe4;background:#ffffff;margin:24px 0 18px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\">\n<div style=\"background:#DD3333;color:#ffffff;font-size:13px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.04em;text-transform:uppercase;padding:10px 12px;line-height:1.35;\">GERMAN \/ VdT\u00dcV ROUTE MINIMA \u2014 DIFFERENT NUMBERS<\/div>\n<p><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<table style=\"border-collapse:collapse;width:100%;font-size:15px;line-height:1.5;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\">Sheet \u22644 mm<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>Rp0.2 \u2265330 MPa<\/b> \u00b7 <b>Rm 710\u20131000 MPa<\/b> \u00b7 <b>A \u226545 %<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\">Sheet &gt;4\u201365 mm; bar \u226490 mm \u00d8<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\"><b>Rp0.2 \u2265280 MPa<\/b> \u00b7 <b>Rm 690\u2013950 MPa<\/b> \u00b7 <b>A \u226545 %<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<p style=\"margin:18px 0 6px;font-size:15px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;line-height:1.5;\">CONFLICT \u2014 ASTM and the German route disagree on the minima. Print both.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 12px;font-size:15px;line-height:1.75;\"><b>There are three divergences and all three are commercially live.<\/b><br \/><b>1. The yield minimum is thickness-dependent on the German route and flat in ASTM.<\/b> ASTM says <b>310 MPa<\/b> for everything. The German route says <b>330 MPa for thin sheet<\/b> and <b>280 MPa for heavy section<\/b>. Consequence: <b>a 3 mm sheet at 315 MPa passes ASTM and FAILS the German sheet requirement.<\/b> <b>A 50 mm plate at 290 MPa FAILS ASTM and passes the German requirement.<\/b><br \/><b>2. The German route imposes an UPPER tensile limit (950 or 1000 MPa); ASTM imposes none.<\/b> <b>A heat at 1020 MPa is acceptable to B575 and rejectable on the VdT\u00dcV route.<\/b><br \/><b>3. Never average 310 and 330, and never quote &#8220;280\u2013330 MPa&#8221; as a range.<\/b> They are <b>two different acceptance regimes<\/b>, not the two ends of one band. <b>State the certification route on every certificate.<\/b><\/p>\n<div style=\"border:1px solid #d7dfe4;background:#ffffff;margin:24px 0 18px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\">\n<div style=\"background:#DD3333;color:#ffffff;font-size:13px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.04em;text-transform:uppercase;padding:10px 12px;line-height:1.35;\">TYPICAL MILL VALUES (mill-annealed) \u2014 NEVER A SPECIFICATION MINIMUM<\/div>\n<p><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<table style=\"border-collapse:collapse;width:100%;font-size:15px;line-height:1.5;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\">Sheet 1.6 mm \u00b7 room temperature<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">0.2 % yield <b>359 MPa<\/b> (52 ksi) \u00b7 tensile <b>752 MPa<\/b> (109 ksi) \u00b7 elongation <b>64 %<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\">Plate 12.7 mm \u00b7 room temperature<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">yield <b>345 MPa<\/b> (50 ksi) \u00b7 tensile <b>758 MPa<\/b> (110 ksi) \u00b7 elongation <b>68 %<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\">Bar 25.4 mm \u00b7 room temperature<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">yield <b>359 MPa<\/b> (52 ksi) \u00b7 tensile <b>758 MPa<\/b> (110 ksi) \u00b7 elongation <b>67 %<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\"><b>Typical Charpy V-notch, room temperature<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">Plate <b>491 J (362 ft\u00b7lbf)<\/b> \u00b7 bar <b>500 J (369 ft\u00b7lbf)<\/b>. <b>Exceptionally tough<\/b>; in the annealed condition there is no low-temperature transition to design around \u2014 <b>but this is a typical value, NOT an impact acceptance minimum<\/b>, and neither B575 nor B574 requires impact testing<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<h4 id=\"dm-b7\" style=\"font-size:19px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;margin:30px 0 10px;line-height:1.35;\">Physical Properties<\/h4>\n<div style=\"border:1px solid #d7dfe4;background:#ffffff;margin:24px 0 18px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\">\n<div style=\"background:#DD3333;color:#ffffff;font-size:13px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.04em;text-transform:uppercase;padding:10px 12px;line-height:1.35;\">Physical Properties \u00b7 N06200<\/div>\n<p><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<table style=\"border-collapse:collapse;width:100%;font-size:15px;line-height:1.5;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>Density (room temperature)<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>8.50 g\/cm\u00b3<\/b> (0.307 lb\/in\u00b3) \u2014 <b>verified in four independent publishers<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\"><b>Melting range<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\"><b>1328 \u2013 1358 \u00b0C<\/b> (2422 \u2013 2476 \u00b0F) \u2014 <b>verified in three publishers<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>Modulus of elasticity (room temperature)<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>CONFLICT: 207 GPa<\/b> (30.0 \u00d7 10\u2076 psi, originator) <b>versus 218 GPa<\/b> (German mill). <b>Print both; never average.<\/b> A 5 % modulus error propagates into every deflection and bolt-preload calculation<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\"><b>Thermal conductivity (room temperature)<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\"><b>9.1 W\/m\u00b7K<\/b> (63 Btu\u00b7in\/h\u00b7ft\u00b2\u00b7\u00b0F) \u2014 verified in three publishers<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>Mean thermal expansion, 25\u2013100 \u00b0C<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>12.4 \u00d7 10\u207b\u2076 \/K<\/b> (6.9 \u00b5in\/in\u00b7\u00b0F, 77\u2013200 \u00b0F). The originator publishes a fuller table to elevated temperature, but <b>only the 25\u2013100 \u00b0C value was verified here<\/b> \u2014 publish no higher-temperature figure<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<h4 id=\"dm-b8\" style=\"font-size:19px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;margin:30px 0 10px;line-height:1.35;\">Heat Treatment and Thermal Stability<\/h4>\n<div style=\"border:1px solid #d7dfe4;background:#ffffff;margin:24px 0 18px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\">\n<div style=\"background:#DD3333;color:#ffffff;font-size:13px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.04em;text-transform:uppercase;padding:10px 12px;line-height:1.35;\">Solution Anneal \u2014 CONFLICT: three published temperatures, print all three<\/div>\n<p><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<table style=\"border-collapse:collapse;width:100%;font-size:15px;line-height:1.5;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>Originator<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>1149 \u00b0C (2100 \u00b0F)<\/b> \u00b7 hold <b>10\u201330 minutes<\/b>, thickness-dependent \u00b7 <b>water quench recommended<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\"><b>German mill<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\"><b>1120 \u2013 1149 \u00b0C<\/b> \u00b7 hold thickness-dependent \u00b7 <b>water, compressed air or protective gas<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>Strip mill<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>1065 \u00b0C (1950 \u00b0F)<\/b> \u2014 <b>this is a STRIP anneal<\/b> and it correlates with the higher typical strip tensile (860 MPa against 758 MPa for plate): a lower anneal leaves more strength and a finer grain<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\"><b>How to read them<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\"><b>They are not errors in each other<\/b> \u2014 they reflect <b>plate\/bar practice, the German route and strip-mill practice<\/b> respectively. <b>Do not apply 1065 \u00b0C to a plate weldment.<\/b> The alloy is metastable, sitting near the <b>gamma phase field boundary<\/b>: the single-phase state is retained only if the cooling rate outruns re-precipitation. <b>For heavy section, water quench<\/b> \u2014 a slow cool through the precipitation window undoes the anneal and costs the corrosion resistance the alloy was bought for<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"border:1px solid #d7dfe4;background:#ffffff;margin:24px 0 18px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\">\n<div style=\"background:#DD3333;color:#ffffff;font-size:13px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.04em;text-transform:uppercase;padding:10px 12px;line-height:1.35;\">Detrimental Phases and Their Windows \u2014 CAUTION: these are C-276 data<\/div>\n<p><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<table style=\"border-collapse:collapse;width:100%;font-size:15px;line-height:1.5;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>The caveat first<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>There is NO published TTT diagram for C-2000.<\/b> The originator&#8217;s metallurgical guide states plainly that it &#8220;<b>focuses metallurgical detail primarily on C-276, G-35, G-30, B-3 and HYBRID-BC1<\/b>&#8220;. The windows below are <b>documented for C-276<\/b> \u2014 the nearest well-characterised analogue \u2014 and must be treated as <b>indicative only<\/b> for C-2000<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\"><b>M\u2086C carbide<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\"><b>650 \u2013 1038 \u00b0C<\/b> \u00b7 kinetics <b>faster than sigma<\/b>. This is the express reason carbon is held to <b>0.010 % max<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>Sigma (\u03c3)<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>760 \u2013 1093 \u00b0C<\/b> \u00b7 more prevalent in high-Mo alloys \u2014 <b>C-2000 sits at the top of the Mo range<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\"><b>PWHT EXCLUSION BAND<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\"><b>Avoid 538 \u2013 816 \u00b0C entirely<\/b> \u2014 the originator&#8217;s own operating rule: this band &#8220;<b>may result in the precipitation of secondary phases\u2026 detrimental effect on material properties, such as corrosion resistance<\/b>&#8220;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"border:1px solid #d7dfe4;background:#ffffff;margin:24px 0 18px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\">\n<div style=\"background:#DD3333;color:#ffffff;font-size:13px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.04em;text-transform:uppercase;padding:10px 12px;line-height:1.35;\">Hot and Cold Working<\/div>\n<p><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<table style=\"border-collapse:collapse;width:100%;font-size:15px;line-height:1.5;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>Hot working start<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>1232 \u00b0C (2250 \u00b0F)<\/b> \u2014 verified in two originator documents<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\"><b>Hot working finish<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\"><b>954 \u00b0C (1750 \u00b0F)<\/b>. Note that the 1232\/954 \u00b0C window is <b>identical to C-276 and C-22<\/b> \u2014 the narrowness is a <b>family trait<\/b>, not a copper penalty<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>THE INVERSE TRAP<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">Re-annealing is <b>required<\/b> once cold forming produces <b>\u22657 % outer-fibre elongation<\/b>. But: &#8220;<b>The annealing of material subjected to low levels of cold-work (less than about 7 to 10 % outer fiber elongation) is generally not suggested since it can result in abnormal grain growth.<\/b>&#8221; <b>7 % is a two-sided limit, not a one-sided one: below it annealing does harm, above it annealing is mandatory. There is no safe &#8220;anneal it anyway to be sure&#8221; default \u2014 publish both halves<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<h4 id=\"dm-b9\" style=\"font-size:19px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;margin:30px 0 10px;line-height:1.35;\">Welding<\/h4>\n<div style=\"border:1px solid #d7dfe4;background:#ffffff;margin:24px 0 18px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\">\n<div style=\"background:#DD3333;color:#ffffff;font-size:13px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.04em;text-transform:uppercase;padding:10px 12px;line-height:1.35;\">Processes \u00b7 Hastelloy C-2000<\/div>\n<p><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<table style=\"border-collapse:collapse;width:100%;font-size:15px;line-height:1.5;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>GTAW \/ TIG<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>Recommended<\/b> \u00b7 shielding gas <b>100 % argon<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\"><b>GMAW \/ MIG<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\"><b>Recommended<\/b> \u00b7 shielding gas <b>argon\u2013helium<\/b>, e.g. <b>75 Ar \/ 25 He<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>SMAW \/ stick<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>Recommended<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\"><b>SAW \/ submerged arc<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\"><b>DISCOURAGED<\/b> \u2014 &#8220;<b>characterized by high heat input to the base metal, which promotes distortion, hot cracking, and precipitation of secondary phases<\/b>&#8220;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>Oxyacetylene welding and cutting<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>NOT RECOMMENDED<\/b> \u2014 &#8220;<b>because of carbon pick-up<\/b>&#8220;. In an alloy with a 0.010 % carbon ceiling, picking up carbon gives back everything that ceiling was bought for<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<p style=\"margin:18px 0 6px;font-size:15px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;line-height:1.5;\">Is a matching filler actually available? Yes.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 12px;font-size:15px;line-height:1.75;\">For a young alloy this is a genuine question, and here the answer is clean. <b>Bare rod and wire: ERNiCrMo-17<\/b> (AWS A5.14 \/ SFA-5.14, UNS <b>N06200<\/b>, EN ISO 18274 <b>S Ni 6200 (NiCr23Mo16Cu2)<\/b>, DIN <b>2.4698<\/b>). <b>Covered electrode: ENiCrMo-17<\/b> (AWS A5.11 \/ SFA-5.11, UNS <b>W86200<\/b>, DIN <b>2.4699<\/b>). The originator states plainly that &#8220;<b>matching filler metals (i.e. solid wires and coated electrodes) are available<\/b>&#8220;. <b>The commercially important fact is this:<\/b> at least one European filler maker <b>independent of the alloy originator<\/b> produces ERNiCrMo-17 MIG wire and TIG rod \u2014 <b>so a fabricator is not hostage to a single consumable source<\/b>. The covered electrode&#8217;s <b>ISO 14172 designation could not be verified<\/b>; EN ISO 18274 was verified for the bare wire only. <b>If a matching filler is genuinely unobtainable for a repair, there is no published qualified alternative:<\/b> requalify the WPS with the substitute and run the corrosion test the service demands \u2014 same acid, same concentration, same temperature \u2014 on the actual weldment before it goes in.<\/p>\n<div style=\"border:1px solid #d7dfe4;background:#ffffff;margin:24px 0 18px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\">\n<div style=\"background:#DD3333;color:#ffffff;font-size:13px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.04em;text-transform:uppercase;padding:10px 12px;line-height:1.35;\">Thermal Parameters<\/div>\n<p><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<table style=\"border-collapse:collapse;width:100%;font-size:15px;line-height:1.5;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>Maximum interpass temperature<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>93 \u00b0C (200 \u00b0F)<\/b>, from the originator&#8217;s fabrication brochure. <b>CONFLICT:<\/b> a third-party welding article specifies <b>177 \u00b0C (350 \u00b0F)<\/b> for C-276. <b>Know both, use 93 \u00b0C for C-2000<\/b> \u2014 it is the originator&#8217;s figure for this family and the conservative one<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\"><b>Heat input<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">&#8220;<b>Low-to-moderate range<\/b>&#8220;; &#8220;<b>relatively low welding currents and slow travel speeds<\/b>&#8220;. <b>No numeric kJ\/mm limit is published.<\/b> Note that low current and slow travel are <b>opposing levers<\/b> on heat input; the operative instruction is <b>low current, stringer beads, no weaving, and full cooling below 93 \u00b0C between passes<\/b> \u2014 slow travel is about arc control and fusion, not about heat<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>PWHT<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>Generally not required<\/b> for solid-solution alloys. If performed, <b>avoid 538 \u2013 816 \u00b0C entirely<\/b>. If a full heat treatment is needed it is the <b>1149 \u00b0C solution anneal plus rapid quench<\/b>, <b>NOT<\/b> an intermediate stress relief. An intermediate PWHT precipitates secondary phases and destroys the corrosion resistance the alloy was bought for<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<p style=\"margin:18px 0 6px;font-size:15px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;line-height:1.5;\">As-welded corrosion \u2014 the weld is always the faster-corroding element<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 12px;font-size:15px;line-height:1.75;\">The originator publishes weld-metal and base-metal rates on the same coupons: <b>30 % H\u2082SO\u2084, 66 \u00b0C: weld 0.01 mm\/y, base &lt;0.01 mm\/y (~2\u00d7)<\/b>. <b>70 % H\u2082SO\u2084, 66 \u00b0C: weld 0.06 mm\/y, base 0.01 mm\/y \u2014 6\u00d7.<\/b> <b>20 % HCl, 38 \u00b0C: weld 0.20, base 0.16 (1.25\u00d7)<\/b>. <b>30 % HNO\u2083, boiling: weld 0.10, base 0.09 (1.1\u00d7)<\/b>.<br \/><b>The weld is always the faster-corroding element, by up to 6\u00d7.<\/b> Wherever a weld sees the process fluid, <b>size the corrosion allowance on the WELD rate, not the base-metal rate<\/b>. A distributor phrase such as &#8220;minimal corrosion degradation in welded joints&#8221; is directionally true but <b>should not be published without these numbers beside it<\/b>.<\/p>\n<h4 id=\"dm-b10\" style=\"font-size:19px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;margin:30px 0 10px;line-height:1.35;\">Machining<\/h4>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 12px;font-size:15px;line-height:1.75;\"><b>State the caveat plainly:<\/b> the published data is <b>not specific to C-2000<\/b>; it is published for the <b>corrosion-resistant Hastelloy C family<\/b>. Identical figures appear both in the originator&#8217;s machining page and in an independently hosted C-22 brochure. Publish them as &#8220;<b>starting parameters for solution-annealed corrosion-resistant C-family alloys<\/b>&#8220;, not as C-2000 data.<\/p>\n<div style=\"border:1px solid #d7dfe4;background:#ffffff;margin:24px 0 18px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\">\n<div style=\"background:#DD3333;color:#ffffff;font-size:13px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.04em;text-transform:uppercase;padding:10px 12px;line-height:1.35;\">Starting Parameters \u00b7 C Family (conversions corrected)<\/div>\n<p><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<table style=\"border-collapse:collapse;width:100%;font-size:15px;line-height:1.5;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\">Turning \/ facing \u00b7 <b>rough<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">Carbide <b>C-2 or C-3<\/b> \u00b7 <b>27 m\/min (90 sfm)<\/b> \u00b7 feed <b>0.25 mm\/rev<\/b> (0.010 in) \u00b7 depth of cut <b>\u22643.8 mm<\/b> (0.150 in)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\">Turning \/ facing \u00b7 <b>finish<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">Carbide <b>C-2 or C-3<\/b> \u00b7 <b>29\u201334 m\/min (95\u2013110 sfm)<\/b> \u00b7 feed <b>0.13\u20130.18 mm\/rev<\/b> \u00b7 depth <b>1.0 mm<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\">End milling \u00b7 carbide<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">Carbide <b>C-2<\/b> \u00b7 <b>15\u201318 m\/min (50\u201360 sfm)<\/b> \u00b7 <b>0.05\u20130.10 mm\/tooth<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\"><b>Drilling \u00b7 HSS<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\"><b>3.0\u20134.6 m\/min (10\u201315 sfm)<\/b> \u00b7 <b>max 200 rpm for 6.4 mm (\u00bc in) drills<\/b> \u00b7 feed <b>0.025\u20130.18 mm\/rev<\/b> \u00b7 point geometry <b>135\u00b0 included, thinned web<\/b> to reduce thrust. Carbide C-2 at 50 sfm is <b>not recommended for general use<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>Tapping<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">HSS <b>M-1, M-7, M-10<\/b> \u00b7 <b>2.1 m\/min (7 sfm)<\/b> \u00b7 <b>carbide taps NOT recommended<\/b>. That is roughly <b>1\/13 of the turning speed<\/b>: <b>work-hardening under the tap is the dominant tool-failure mode in this family<\/b>. Peck, use form taps only on proven geometry, and treat carbide taps as prohibited<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 12px;font-size:15px;line-height:1.75;\"><b>TRAP \u2014 a 100\u00d7 unit-conversion error.<\/b> The originator&#8217;s machining page prints &#8220;<b>90 sfm (0.274 m\/min)<\/b>&#8220;. <b>90 sfm is 27.4 m\/min.<\/b> The decimal point is misplaced by two orders. Anyone converting from that page and programming <b>0.274 m\/min<\/b> will run a <b>100\u00d7 slow cut<\/b> and scrap the job. <b>Publish the corrected conversions above.<\/b> More generally, the alloy work-hardens faster than austenitic stainless: <b>rigid setup, positive feed, never dwell and never rub<\/b> \u2014 a stalled feed burnishes the surface and the next pass has to cut through a work-hardened skin.<\/p>\n<h4 id=\"dm-b11\" style=\"font-size:19px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;margin:30px 0 10px;line-height:1.35;\">Corrosion \u2014 Where It Wins and WHERE IT FAILS<\/h4>\n<p><!-- dm-diy-kars --><\/p>\n<div style=\"border:1px solid #e3e9ec;margin:22px 0 26px;background:#fff;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\">\n<div style=\"background:#12303f;color:#fff;padding:9px 14px;font-size:14px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.3px;position:relative;z-index:2;\">COMPARISON<\/div>\n<div style=\"position:relative;z-index:2;\">\n<div style=\"padding:10px 14px 0;font-size:12.5px;color:#5b7180;line-height:1.7;\">Localized corrosion by the same test method (ASTM G48) \u00b7 acid corrosion rate in the same producer table \u00b7 composition and mechanical minimums in the same ASTM specification tables<\/div>\n<div style=\"padding:8px 12px 0;font-size:13.5px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">A \u00b7 LOCALIZED CORROSION \u2014 ASTM G48, acidified 6 wt% FeCl3, 72 hours (Haynes International)<\/div>\n<div style=\"padding:12px 12px 2px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\"><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"overflow-x:auto;position:relative;z-index:2;\">\n<table style=\"width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:13.5px;min-width:430px;background:transparent;\">\n<tr>\n<th style=\"padding:7px 9px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:#12303f;background:#F2F6F8;border:1px solid #eceff1;\">Criterion<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding:7px 9px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:#12303f;background:#F2F6F8;border:1px solid #eceff1;\">C2000<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding:7px 9px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:#12303f;background:#F2F6F8;border:1px solid #eceff1;\">C-276<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding:7px 9px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:#12303f;background:#F2F6F8;border:1px solid #eceff1;\">C-22<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding:7px 9px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:#12303f;background:#F2F6F8;border:1px solid #eceff1;\">Difference<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">Critical crevice temperature (CCT)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">80 C<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">55 C<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">80 C<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">C-2000 and C-22 are EQUAL; both are 25 C better than C-276. Haynes International&#8217;s wording: &#8216;C-2000 alloy exhibits higher resistance to crevice attack than even C-276 alloy.&#8217; This is the one measurable result through CCT.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">Critical pitting temperature (CPT)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">Sources diverge: 145 C (current Haynes brochure) \u00b7 110 C (Haynes, Parr version)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">Sources diverge: >150 C (current Haynes brochure) \u00b7 105 C (Haynes, Parr version)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">>150 C (Haynes C-22 brochure) \u00b7 120 C (Haynes, Parr version)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">NO SINGLE FIGURE HAS BEEN WRITTEN. The CPT values are inconsistent between two publications from the same organization; no average has been taken and both sets are given with the source named. No claim of superiority has been built on this criterion.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"padding:8px 12px 0;font-size:13.5px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">B \u00b7 ACID CORROSION RATE \u2014 the same Haynes table (mm\/year)<\/div>\n<div style=\"padding:12px 12px 2px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\"><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"overflow-x:auto;position:relative;z-index:2;\">\n<table style=\"width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:13.5px;min-width:430px;background:transparent;\">\n<tr>\n<th style=\"padding:7px 9px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:#12303f;background:#F2F6F8;border:1px solid #eceff1;\">Criterion<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding:7px 9px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:#12303f;background:#F2F6F8;border:1px solid #eceff1;\">C2000<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding:7px 9px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:#12303f;background:#F2F6F8;border:1px solid #eceff1;\">C-276<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding:7px 9px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:#12303f;background:#F2F6F8;border:1px solid #eceff1;\">C-22<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding:7px 9px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:#12303f;background:#F2F6F8;border:1px solid #eceff1;\">Difference<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">20% sulphuric acid, 93 C<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">0.02 mm\/year<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">0.66 mm\/year<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">0.01 mm\/year<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">C-2000 and C-22 are in the same order of magnitude; C-276 is consumed 30 times faster in this environment. THE EFFECT OF THE COPPER ADDITION IS SEEN HERE \u2014 but at this single point C-22 is at the same level; C-2000&#8217;s difference in sulphuric acid is mainly reported at higher concentrations (Haynes International puts the 0.1 mm\/year iso-corrosion line in favour of C-2000 up to 80% concentration).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">5% hydrochloric acid, 79 C<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\"><0.01 mm\/year<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">0.75 mm\/year<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\"><0.01 mm\/year<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">C-2000 and C-22 are equal; C-276 separates at this point. Haynes International reports C-2000&#8217;s HCl superiority up to 10% concentration; performance falls above 15%.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">30% sulphuric acid, 150 C \u2014 WELD METAL<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">0.01 mm\/year (weld metal)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">\u2014<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">\u2014<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">The weld metal corrosion rate is somewhat higher than the wrought base metal but remains acceptable (Haynes International).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"padding:8px 12px 0;font-size:13.5px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">C \u00b7 COMPOSITION \u2014 where the three alloys separate (ASTM specification tables)<\/div>\n<div style=\"padding:12px 12px 2px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\"><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"overflow-x:auto;position:relative;z-index:2;\">\n<table style=\"width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:13.5px;min-width:430px;background:transparent;\">\n<tr>\n<th style=\"padding:7px 9px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:#12303f;background:#F2F6F8;border:1px solid #eceff1;\">Criterion<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding:7px 9px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:#12303f;background:#F2F6F8;border:1px solid #eceff1;\">C2000<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding:7px 9px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:#12303f;background:#F2F6F8;border:1px solid #eceff1;\">C-276<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding:7px 9px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:#12303f;background:#F2F6F8;border:1px solid #eceff1;\">C-22<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding:7px 9px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:#12303f;background:#F2F6F8;border:1px solid #eceff1;\">Difference<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">Chromium<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">22.0-24.0%<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">14.5-16.5%<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">20.0-22.5%<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">Chromium carries the oxidizing environment. On this criterion C-2000 is above C-22 as well.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">Molybdenum<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">15.0-17.0%<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">15.0-17.0%<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">12.5-14.5%<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">Molybdenum carries the reducing environment. On this criterion C-2000 is EQUAL to C-276 and above C-22.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">Copper<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">1.30-1.90%<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">NONE<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">NONE<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">THIS IS THE ELEMENT THAT SEPARATES C-2000. Haynes International defines its purpose as providing &#8216;greatly enhanced resistance to sulphuric acid&#8217;.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">Tungsten<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">NONE<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">3.0-4.5%<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">2.5-3.5%<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">C-2000 carries no tungsten. The easiest way to tell the three alloys apart on a certificate is the copper-tungsten pair.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">Carbon (max)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">0.010%<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">0.010%<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">0.015%<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">C-2000 and C-276 are in the low-carbon class.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"padding:8px 12px 0;font-size:13.5px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">D \u00b7 SPECIFICATION MECHANICAL MINIMUMS \u2014 ASTM B574 \/ B575 \/ B619 \/ B622 \/ B626 (the same tables)<\/div>\n<div style=\"padding:12px 12px 2px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\"><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"overflow-x:auto;position:relative;z-index:2;\">\n<table style=\"width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:13.5px;min-width:430px;background:transparent;\">\n<tr>\n<th style=\"padding:7px 9px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:#12303f;background:#F2F6F8;border:1px solid #eceff1;\">Criterion<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding:7px 9px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:#12303f;background:#F2F6F8;border:1px solid #eceff1;\">C2000<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding:7px 9px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:#12303f;background:#F2F6F8;border:1px solid #eceff1;\">C-276<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding:7px 9px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:#12303f;background:#F2F6F8;border:1px solid #eceff1;\">C-22<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding:7px 9px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:#12303f;background:#F2F6F8;border:1px solid #eceff1;\">Difference<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">Minimum tensile strength<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">690 MPa (100 ksi)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">690 MPa (100 ksi)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">690 MPa (100 ksi)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">NO DIFFERENCE.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">Minimum yield strength<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">310 MPa (45 ksi)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">283 MPa (41 ksi)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">310 MPa (45 ksi)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">C-2000 and C-22 are equal, 27 MPa above C-276.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">Minimum elongation<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">45%<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">40%<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">45%<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">C-2000 and C-22 are equal. CONCLUSION: the choice between the three alloys IS NOT MADE ON STRENGTH; it is made on the environment.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"padding:10px 12px 2px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\"><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"position:relative;z-index:2;\">\n<div style=\"font-size:13.5px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;margin:6px 0 6px;\">Additional information<\/div>\n<table style=\"width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:13.5px;background:transparent;\">\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Compared with<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">Hastelloy C-2000 (UNS N06200) \u2014 Hastelloy C-276 (UNS N10276) \u2014 Hastelloy C-22 (UNS N06022)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"padding:6px 14px 12px;font-size:12px;color:#5b7180;line-height:1.7;border-top:1px solid #f0f3f5;position:relative;z-index:2;\">RULE: each block is read from within ONE METHOD and ONE TABLE. Different methods are not compared on the same chart. There are four blocks. Block A is read from Haynes International&#8217;s ASTM G48 table (acidified 6 wt% FeCl3, 72 hours), and in that table THE CPT VALUES DIVERGE BETWEEN TWO DIFFERENT HAYNES PUBLICATIONS \u2014 the crevice (CCT) values are the same in all three publications, so the comparison is built on CCT. Block B gives acid corrosion rates from the same Haynes table. Block C is read from ASTM specification composition tables and block D from ASTM specification mechanical tables; all three UNS numbers are WITHIN THE SCOPE of those specifications. THE BLOCKS ARE NOT ADDED TOGETHER AND ARE NOT PUT ON THE SAME AXIS. Blocks A and B are read from ONE ORGANIZATION (Haynes International); this is the &#8216;same producer, same table&#8217; form the instruction permits: same test method, same environment, same table. NO SINGLE FIGURE HAS BEEN WRITTEN FOR THE CPT VALUES: they are inconsistent between Haynes International&#8217;s current C-2000 brochure and the version published by Parr. The crevice (CCT) values are the same in all three publications and the comparison is built on those. The C-22 rows are taken from the same Haynes table in this project&#8217;s C-22 card and from the same ASTM specification tables. THE CORROSION RATES WERE MEASURED IN REAGENT-GRADE ACID UNDER LABORATORY CONDITIONS. Haynes International recommends field testing before industrial use.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><!-- \/dm-diy-kars --><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:18px 0 6px;font-size:15px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;line-height:1.5;\">Sulphuric acid \u2014 the alloy&#8217;s reason to exist<\/p>\n<div style=\"border:1px solid #d7dfe4;background:#ffffff;margin:24px 0 18px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\">\n<div style=\"background:#DD3333;color:#ffffff;font-size:13px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.04em;text-transform:uppercase;padding:10px 12px;line-height:1.35;\">C-2000 \u00b7 H\u2082SO\u2084 (mm\/y)<\/div>\n<p><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<table style=\"border-collapse:collapse;width:100%;font-size:15px;line-height:1.5;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>10 %<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">66 \u00b0C: <b>&lt;0.01<\/b> \u00b7 79 \u00b0C: <b>0.02<\/b> \u00b7 93 \u00b0C: <b>0.02<\/b> \u00b7 boiling: <b>0.09<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\"><b>50 %<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">66 \u00b0C: <b>&lt;0.01<\/b> \u00b7 79 \u00b0C: <b>0.02<\/b> \u00b7 93 \u00b0C: <b>0.16<\/b> \u00b7 boiling: <b>3.35 \u2014 FAILS<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>80 %<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">66 \u00b0C: <b>0.06<\/b> \u00b7 79 \u00b0C: <b>0.28<\/b> \u00b7 93 \u00b0C: <b>0.99<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\"><b>96 %<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">79 \u00b0C: <b>0.05<\/b> \u00b7 93 \u00b0C: <b>0.19<\/b> \u2014 <b>this is where chromium carries the oxidising end<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 12px;font-size:15px;line-height:1.75;\"><b>Read across:<\/b> <b>50 % H\u2082SO\u2084, 93 \u00b0C \u2014 C-2000 0.16 mm\/y against C-22 0.77 mm\/y.<\/b> <b>At 79 \u00b0C the gap is 0.02 versus 0.40 \u2014 a factor of twenty.<\/b> <b>That single pair of columns is the whole commercial case for the copper.<\/b> For context, published C-276 rates across 1\u201396 % run from <b>&lt;0.01 mm\/y (10 %, 79 \u00b0C)<\/b> to <b>13.68 mm\/y (70 %, 107 \u00b0C)<\/b> \u2014 <b>13.68 mm\/y is the point at which C-276 simply is not a sulphuric acid alloy<\/b>. <b>But publish the bound as well:<\/b> <b>50 % H\u2082SO\u2084 at the boil takes C-2000 to 3.35 mm\/y<\/b> \u2014 the 50 % advantage <b>evaporates at the boil<\/b> \u2014 and <b>0.99 mm\/y at 80 % \/ 93 \u00b0C<\/b> is already marginal. &#8220;Up to 80 % sulphuric&#8221; is a ceiling, not an invitation.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:18px 0 6px;font-size:15px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;line-height:1.5;\">Hydrochloric acid \u2014 the advantage is real but modest<\/p>\n<div style=\"border:1px solid #d7dfe4;background:#ffffff;margin:24px 0 18px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\">\n<div style=\"background:#DD3333;color:#ffffff;font-size:13px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.04em;text-transform:uppercase;padding:10px 12px;line-height:1.35;\">C-2000 \u00b7 HCl (mm\/y)<\/div>\n<p><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<table style=\"border-collapse:collapse;width:100%;font-size:15px;line-height:1.5;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>2 %<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">38 \u00b0C: <b>&lt;0.01<\/b> \u00b7 66 \u00b0C: <b>&lt;0.01<\/b> \u00b7 79 \u00b0C: <b>&lt;0.01<\/b> \u00b7 93 \u00b0C: <b>0.09<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\"><b>5 %<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">38 \u00b0C: <b>0.01<\/b> \u00b7 66 \u00b0C: <b>&lt;0.01<\/b> \u00b7 79 \u00b0C: <b>&lt;0.01<\/b> \u00b7 93 \u00b0C: <b>1.37 \u2014 FAILS<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>10 %<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">38 \u00b0C: <b>0.28<\/b> \u00b7 66 \u00b0C: <b>0.65<\/b> \u00b7 79 \u00b0C: <b>1.54 \u2014 FAILS<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 12px;font-size:15px;line-height:1.75;\"><b>Read across:<\/b> <b>10 % HCl, 66 \u00b0C \u2014 C-2000 0.65 against C-22 0.98 mm\/y.<\/b> Real, but a <b>1.5\u00d7 margin<\/b>, not the 5\u201320\u00d7 of sulphuric. <b>The HCl advantage is genuine but modest.<\/b> The originator&#8217;s claim of superiority &#8220;<b>up to 10 %<\/b>&#8221; is honest and correctly bounded: <b>above 10 % the advantage disappears<\/b>, and <b>even at 10 % the rate is 1.54 mm\/y at 79 \u00b0C<\/b>, which is not a usable rate. <b>The alloy class for hot concentrated HCl is the Ni-Mo B family<\/b> (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/en\/hastelloy-b-3\/\">B-3<\/a>), not a C alloy.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:18px 0 6px;font-size:15px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;line-height:1.5;\">Hydrofluoric, phosphoric, nitric and organic acids<\/p>\n<div style=\"border:1px solid #d7dfe4;background:#ffffff;margin:24px 0 18px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\">\n<div style=\"background:#DD3333;color:#ffffff;font-size:13px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.04em;text-transform:uppercase;padding:10px 12px;line-height:1.35;\">C-2000 \u00b7 Other Environments (mm\/y)<\/div>\n<p><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<table style=\"border-collapse:collapse;width:100%;font-size:15px;line-height:1.5;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>10 % HF, 93 \u00b0C<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>2.27 \u2014 FAILS<\/b> (1 % HF at 38 \u00b0C: 0.01 \u00b7 30 % HF at 38 \u00b0C: 0.25)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\">50\u201380 % H\u2083PO\u2084, 66 \u00b0C<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\"><b>&lt;0.01 \u2014 excellent<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>85 % H\u2083PO\u2084, boiling<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>7.9 \u2014 FAILS HARD<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\"><b>70 % HNO\u2083, boiling<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\"><b>1.66 \u2014 marginal to failing<\/b> (70 % HNO\u2083 at 79 \u00b0C: 0.10; below 40 % HNO\u2083: minimal)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 12px;font-size:15px;line-height:1.75;\"><b>CRITICAL HF CAVEAT \u2014 those numbers UNDERSTATE the damage.<\/b> The originator states it outright: &#8220;<b>Hydrofluoric acid is known to cause internal, as well as external, attack of the nickel alloys; these values signify only the amount of external attack encountered during laboratory testing.<\/b>&#8221; The same publisher&#8217;s metallurgical guide documents <b>&#8220;extremely fine \/ barely resolvable cracking&#8221; in C-2000 exposed to 20 % HF at 79 \u00b0C<\/b>. C-2000 is &#8220;<b>the least susceptible to internal attack<\/b>&#8221; of the Ni-Cr-Mo materials tested \u2014 <b>but least susceptible is not immune<\/b>. <b>Weight-loss testing will NOT find this damage; metallographic sectioning will.<\/b> Do not accept HF service without metallographic verification.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:18px 0 6px;font-size:15px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;line-height:1.5;\">Localised corrosion \u2014 CPT, CCT, stress-corrosion cracking, seawater<\/p>\n<div style=\"border:1px solid #d7dfe4;background:#ffffff;margin:24px 0 18px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\">\n<div style=\"background:#DD3333;color:#ffffff;font-size:13px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.04em;text-transform:uppercase;padding:10px 12px;line-height:1.35;\">ASTM G48, acidified 6 % FeCl\u2083 \u00b7 Critical Pitting (CPT) and Critical Crevice (CCT) Temperatures<\/div>\n<p><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<table style=\"border-collapse:collapse;width:100%;font-size:15px;line-height:1.5;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>C-2000<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">CPT <b>145 \u00b0C (293 \u00b0F)<\/b> \u00b7 CCT <b>80 \u00b0C (176 \u00b0F)<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\"><b>C-276<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">CPT <b>&gt;150 \u00b0C<\/b> \u00b7 CCT <b>55 \u00b0C (131 \u00b0F)<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>C-22<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">CPT <b>&gt;150 \u00b0C<\/b> \u00b7 CCT <b>80 \u00b0C<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\">Alloy 625<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">CPT 100 \u00b0C \u00b7 CCT 40 \u00b0C<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"border:1px solid #d7dfe4;background:#ffffff;margin:24px 0 18px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\">\n<div style=\"background:#DD3333;color:#ffffff;font-size:13px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.04em;text-transform:uppercase;padding:10px 12px;line-height:1.35;\">Other Localised Corrosion Tests<\/div>\n<p><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<table style=\"border-collapse:collapse;width:100%;font-size:15px;line-height:1.5;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>Chloride SCC \u00b7 ASTM G36, boiling 45 % MgCl\u2082<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>C-2000: no cracking in 1008 h (6 weeks)<\/b> \u00b7 C-276: no cracking in 1008 h \u00b7 625: no cracking in 1008 h \u00b7 <b>254 SMO: cracked at 24 h<\/b> \u00b7 <b>316L: cracked at 2 h<\/b>. <b>C-2000 therefore has NO SCC advantage over C-276 or 625 \u2014 do not sell it on chloride SCC<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<p style=\"margin:18px 0 6px;font-size:15px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;line-height:1.5;\">ASTM G28 Method A and B \u2014 this one is a PURCHASING HAZARD<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 12px;font-size:15px;line-height:1.75;\"><b>The originator&#8217;s C-2000 bulletin contains no ASTM G28 data at all.<\/b> This was confirmed on a second, targeted read: the bulletin reports <b>G36 and G48 only<\/b>. The two third-party figures in circulation <b>differ by more than an order of magnitude<\/b>: one comes from a competitor distributor with a declared conflict of interest (<b>&gt;500 mpy for G28 B<\/b>), the other from a transcription that can be shown to mis-align its columns.<br \/><b>Verdict: publish NO ASTM G28 value for C-2000.<\/b><br \/><b>Why this matters commercially.<\/b> <b>ASTM G28 Method A is a routine purchase-order acceptance test for C-276 and alloy 22<\/b> \u2014 buyers write a maximum into the PO by habit. <b>If that &gt;500 mpy figure is even directionally right, a PO clause copied from a C-276 specification will reject every heat of C-2000 you ever buy.<\/b> Method B is a mixed-acid (H\u2082SO\u2084\/HCl\/FeCl\u2083\/CuCl\u2082) test whose chemistry is <b>precisely where a copper-bearing alloy behaves differently from a copper-free one<\/b>. <b>Before accepting any G28 clause on a C-2000 order, get the mill&#8217;s actual G28 result on the specific heat in writing and negotiate the limit against it \u2014 do not accept an inherited C-276 limit.<\/b><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:18px 0 6px;font-size:15px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;line-height:1.5;\">WHERE IT FAILS \u2014 the hard disqualifiers<\/p>\n<div style=\"border:1px solid #d7dfe4;background:#ffffff;margin:24px 0 18px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\">\n<div style=\"background:#DD3333;color:#ffffff;font-size:13px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.04em;text-transform:uppercase;padding:10px 12px;line-height:1.35;\">Where Hastelloy C-2000 Must Not Be Used<\/div>\n<p><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<table style=\"border-collapse:collapse;width:100%;font-size:15px;line-height:1.5;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>Service or design above 427 \u00b0C in an ASME vessel<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>Not code-accepted.<\/b> C-276 and C-22 go to 677 \u00b0C. <b>No amount of corrosion performance rescues this<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\"><b>Service above 450 \u00b0C on the German\/PED route<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\"><b>The VdT\u00dcV 539 ceiling<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>Hot caustic<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">The originator reports susceptibility to <b>caustic dealloying at 79 \u00b0C and above in 50 wt.% NaOH<\/b>; molybdenum is &#8220;<b>a bad actor regarding caustic dealloying<\/b>&#8220;. <b>C-2000 has Mo at the top of the range<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\"><b>Boiling 85 % phosphoric acid<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\"><b>7.9 mm\/y<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>HCl above ~10 %, or 10 % HCl above ~66 \u00b0C<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>1.54 mm\/y at 10 % \/ 79 \u00b0C.<\/b> The alloy class for hot concentrated HCl is the <b>Ni-Mo B family<\/b>, not a C alloy<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\"><b>Anywhere HF is present, without metallographic verification<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">Published rates measure <b>external attack only<\/b>; <b>internal attack and fine cracking are documented at 20 % HF \/ 79 \u00b0C<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<p style=\"margin:18px 0 6px;font-size:15px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;line-height:1.5;\">OVER-SPECIFIED \u2014 where the customer is paying for nothing<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 12px;font-size:15px;line-height:1.75;\"><b>1. No sulphuric, no HF and no dilute HCl in the stream.<\/b> The copper is then <b>inert freight<\/b>. Specify <a href=\"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/en\/hastelloy-c-276\/\">C-276<\/a> or <a href=\"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/en\/hastelloy-c-22\/\">C-22<\/a>: cheaper, broadly stocked, <b>677 \u00b0C code temperature<\/b>, thicker standards coverage and decades of field history.<br \/><b>2. A chloride-bearing stream at ambient with no acid.<\/b> A super-duplex (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/en\/aisi-f55\/\">F55<\/a>) or a 6Mo austenitic will very likely do it <b>at a fraction of the cost<\/b>.<\/p>\n<h4 id=\"dm-b12\" style=\"font-size:19px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;margin:30px 0 10px;line-height:1.35;\">Frequently Asked Questions<\/h4>\n<p style=\"margin:18px 0 6px;font-size:15px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;line-height:1.5;\">When is C-2000 actually worth the money over C-276 or C-22?<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 12px;font-size:15px;line-height:1.75;\"><b>Only when three conditions hold together:<\/b> <b>sulphuric acid, hydrofluoric acid or dilute hydrochloric acid<\/b> is in the stream, <b>and<\/b> the design temperature is <b>at or below 427 \u00b0C<\/b>, <b>and<\/b> crevice geometry is present. Decide on the numbers, not on datasheet adjectives.<br \/><b>The decisive comparison is 50 % H\u2082SO\u2084 at 93 \u00b0C:<\/b> C-2000 corrodes at <b>0.16 mm\/y<\/b>, alloy 22 at <b>0.77 mm\/y<\/b> \u2014 a <b>4.8\u00d7 margin<\/b>; and <b>at 79 \u00b0C the margin widens to 20\u00d7<\/b> (0.02 versus 0.40). <b>On a 3 mm corrosion allowance that is the difference between an 18-year wall and a 4-year wall.<\/b><br \/><b>The second, quieter case is crevice corrosion:<\/b> in acidified 6 % FeCl\u2083 C-2000&#8217;s critical crevice temperature is <b>80 \u00b0C<\/b> against C-276&#8217;s <b>55 \u00b0C<\/b>. Under gaskets, in tubesheet joints and under deposits <b>it is crevice temperature that governs<\/b>, so <b>25 K<\/b> of headroom is <b>real service life<\/b> in a heat exchanger that C-276 would lose.<br \/><b>Now the disqualifiers, and they are absolute.<\/b> If the ASME design temperature exceeds <b>427 \u00b0C, C-2000 is off the table<\/b> \u2014 C-276 and C-22 are code-accepted to 677 \u00b0C and <b>no corrosion argument overrides a Code limit<\/b>. If the alloy is for <b>bolting<\/b>, there is <b>no ASTM bolting specification for N06200<\/b>. If the customer&#8217;s purchase order carries an <b>ASTM G28 acceptance limit<\/b> copied from a C-276 specification, resolve it before the order: no public consensus G28 value exists for C-2000, and one published figure suggests a C-276 limit would <b>reject every heat<\/b>.<br \/><b>And if the stream has no sulphuric, no HF and no dilute HCl, C-2000 is pure cost<\/b> \u2014 the copper is the only thing you are buying and the copper is doing nothing.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:18px 0 6px;font-size:15px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;line-height:1.5;\">Our drawing says C-276. Can we substitute C-2000, or the reverse?<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 12px;font-size:15px;line-height:1.75;\"><b>Not as a drop-in, in either direction, and the failure modes differ.<\/b><br \/><b>C-2000 in place of C-276:<\/b> the immediate blocker is the <b>ASME Section VIII maximum temperature \u2014 427 \u00b0C for C-2000 against 677 \u00b0C for C-276<\/b>. If the design temperature is anywhere above 427 \u00b0C, the substitution is <b>a code violation regardless of pressure<\/b>. Second, <b>the filler changes<\/b>: C-276 joints are welded with <b>ERNiCrMo-4 \/ ENiCrMo-4<\/b>, C-2000 with <b>ERNiCrMo-17 \/ ENiCrMo-17<\/b>. <b>The WPS must be requalified<\/b>; the two are not interchangeable, and using the C-276 filler on C-2000 base metal <b>strips the copper out of the weld metal<\/b> \u2014 making the weld the corrosion-limiting element of the joint in exactly the acid the alloy was chosen for, with as-welded rates <b>already up to 6\u00d7 the base-metal rate in 70 % H\u2082SO\u2084<\/b>. Third, <b>check the P-number on the existing procedure<\/b>: the originator prints <b>P-No. 43<\/b> for N06200 while an independent welding source assigns <b>P-No. 44<\/b> to N10276. <b>Those two cannot both be right for the family<\/b>, and a wrong P-number invalidates the qualification and every weld under it. <b>Read ASME IX Table QW\/QB-422 directly before proceeding.<\/b><br \/><b>C-276 in place of C-2000:<\/b> you lose the <b>sulphuric acid performance the alloy was specified for<\/b> \u2014 potentially a factor of <b>20<\/b> at 50 % acid \u2014 and you lose <b>25 K of crevice resistance<\/b> (CCT 55 versus 80 \u00b0C). You gain <b>250 K of code temperature<\/b> and a substantially lower price. <b>If the original specification chose C-2000 for a sulphuric duty, this substitution is a service-life decision dressed as a commercial one<\/b>, and it needs the <b>process engineer&#8217;s written sign-off<\/b>, not procurement&#8217;s.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:18px 0 6px;font-size:15px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;line-height:1.5;\">We need 12 mm plate, 2 m of 50 mm bar and 200 m of drawn wire in this alloy. What can you actually certify?<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 12px;font-size:15px;line-height:1.75;\"><b>The plate and the bar are straightforward; the wire is not \u2014 and the difference is a standards gap, not a stock problem.<\/b><br \/><b>Plate<\/b> is covered by <b>ASTM B575 \/ ASME SB-575<\/b>: minimum <b>690 MPa<\/b> tensile, <b>310 MPa<\/b> yield at 0.2 % offset, <b>45 %<\/b> elongation in 50.8 mm, solution annealed. The <b>100 HRB<\/b> figure printed in B575 is <b>explicitly informational<\/b> \u2014 <b>do not let it into the purchase order as a reject limit<\/b>. <b>Bar<\/b> is covered by <b>ASTM B574 \/ SB-574<\/b> at the same three minima. Both certify normally to <b>EN 10204 3.1<\/b>, with <b>3.2<\/b> available. (Reminder: <b>EN 10204 is a certificate type, not a material standard<\/b>.)<br \/><b>Drawn wire has NO ASTM specification.<\/b> It is absent from the alloy originator&#8217;s own specification table, and <b>it is a gap across this whole alloy family<\/b> \u2014 the alloy 59 datasheet shows the identical blank. <b>B574 covers rod and bar, B575 covers flat-rolled product, B619 covers welded pipe; none of them covers wire<\/b> \u2014 and at least one well-known wire house cites exactly those standards for wire on its public page, which is citing the wrong standard. <b>What this means practically:<\/b> wire is sold to the producing mill&#8217;s own datasheet; <b>there is no specification minimum to enforce and no third-party acceptance criterion to fall back on in a dispute<\/b>. <b>Put the acceptance criteria in the purchase order yourself:<\/b> tensile range and temper, diameter tolerance, cast and helix, surface condition, and the test method for each. <b>Be aware too<\/b> that wire in this alloy is typically supplied <b>above<\/b> plate and bar strength levels, because <b>strip and wire anneal practice differs from plate practice<\/b>: one strip producer anneals at <b>1065 \u00b0C<\/b> against the <b>1149 \u00b0C<\/b> used for plate, and reports a typical annealed tensile of <b>860 MPa<\/b> against <b>758 MPa<\/b> for plate. <b>Do not size a wire component on plate data.<\/b><\/p>\n<h4 id=\"dm-b13\" style=\"font-size:19px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;margin:30px 0 10px;line-height:1.35;\">Common Datasheet Errors and Traps<\/h4>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 12px;font-size:15px;line-height:1.75;\"><b>1. W.Nr. 2.4675 is the BASE METAL. 2.4698 and 2.4699 are FILLER metals.<\/b> The originator&#8217;s own alloy-portfolio page lists &#8220;DIN 2.4699&#8221; against C-2000 \u2014 that is the <b>covered electrode<\/b> (EL-NiCr23Mo16Cu), not the alloy. 2.4698 is the bare wire (SG-NiCr23Mo16Cu). The base metal is <b>2.4675<\/b>, per DIN 17744. <b>Ordering plate to &#8220;2.4699&#8221; orders welding consumable.<\/b><br \/><b>2. UNS N06200 is the base metal AND the bare wire. W86200 is the COVERED ELECTRODE.<\/b> The originator lists both against the alloy; distributors routinely publish &#8220;UNS W86200&#8221; as the plate grade. <b>It is not.<\/b><br \/><b>3. The ASME Section VIII ceiling is 427 \u00b0C, not 677 \u00b0C.<\/b> Every other alloy in the C-family (C-276, C-22) is code-accepted to 677 \u00b0C. <b>C-2000 is not.<\/b> This is the single most consequential fact on the page and the one most often omitted from distributor datasheets.<br \/><b>4. ASME 427 \u00b0C and VdT\u00dcV 450 \u00b0C are DIFFERENT ceilings on DIFFERENT routes.<\/b> <b>Never quote 450 \u00b0C on an ASME job.<\/b><br \/><b>5. Density is 8.50 g\/cm\u00b3, not 8.7.<\/b> A modelled database publishes 8.7; four sources including the originator publish 8.50. <b>The 2.4 % error mis-invoices tonnage<\/b> \u2014 145 kg on a 6-tonne plate order.<br \/><b>6. The melting range is 1328\u20131358 \u00b0C; not 1399 \u00b0C and not 1450\u20131500 \u00b0C.<\/b> A wire house publishes 1399 \u00b0C and a modelled database publishes 1450\u20131500 \u00b0C. Three sources including the originator publish 1328\u20131358 \u00b0C. <b>Modelled databases are not measurement sources \u2014 do not cite one for this alloy at all.<\/b><br \/><b>7. The modulus is disputed: 207 GPa (originator) versus 218 GPa (German mill).<\/b> <b>Print both.<\/b> A 5 % modulus error propagates into every deflection and bolt-preload calculation.<br \/><b>8. The specification minimum yield is 310 MPa (ASTM); typical mill yield is 345\u2013359 MPa.<\/b> <b>A designer sizing on 359 MPa is sizing on a number the mill owes nothing for. Never let a typical value into a design or a purchase order.<\/b><br \/><b>9. The ASTM and German mechanical minima genuinely differ, and the German route has an UPPER tensile limit.<\/b> ASTM: 310 MPa yield, 690 MPa tensile minimum, no ceiling. German: 330 MPa yield for sheet \u22644 mm, 280 MPa for &gt;4\u201365 mm, with tensile capped at 1000\/950 MPa. <b>A heat can pass one and fail the other. State the certification route on every certificate.<\/b><br \/><b>10. The 100 HRB in ASTM B575 is INFORMATIONAL, not an acceptance limit.<\/b> Do not write it into a purchase order; do not accept a rejection based on it.<br \/><b>11. P-No. 43 versus P-No. 44 is unresolved.<\/b> The originator prints P-43 for N06200; an independent source assigns P-44 to N10276 in the same family. <b>Read ASME IX QW\/QB-422 before writing the WPS.<\/b> A wrong P-number invalidates the procedure and every weld under it.<br \/><b>12. &#8220;Green Death&#8221; CPT is published at 80, 100, 110 and 120 \u00b0C by four sources<\/b> \u2014 <b>two of them the same publisher in two different documents<\/b>. <b>Print the disagreement. Do not average. Do not pick the highest.<\/b><br \/><b>13. Do not publish a Code Case number.<\/b> One distributor claims &#8220;Code Case 2337&#8221; for the filler with no corroboration. By contrast the originator&#8217;s C-22 table explicitly cites Code Case 2226-2 and Case N-621-1, while the C-2000 table cites none.<br \/><b>14. Do not publish a magnetic permeability (\u00b5r) figure.<\/b> The structure is FCC and non-ferromagnetic in the annealed condition, but no measured \u00b5r appears in any source checked. <b>State the structure; give no number.<\/b><br \/><b>15. Do not publish a PREN without the formula.<\/b> The same competitor table prints two different PREN columns for the same alloys (47 and 76 for C-2000). PREN formulae are not standardised across publishers, and PREN is in any case a stainless-steel index. <b>Use the measured CPT\/CCT for decisions.<\/b><br \/><b>16. Every corrosion number on this page is reagent-grade laboratory data.<\/b> The originator&#8217;s own caveat is: &#8220;<b>All tests were performed in reagent grade acids under laboratory conditions; field tests are encouraged prior to industrial use.<\/b>&#8221; <b>Publish the caveat with the tables, not in a footnote<\/b> \u2014 real process streams carry oxidising contaminants (Fe\u00b3\u207a, Cu\u00b2\u207a, dissolved oxygen), halides and velocity, all of which move these numbers.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/dm-zengin --><\/p>\n<div class=\"dm-benzer\" style=\"margin:22px 0 0;padding:14px 16px;border:1px solid #e0e0e0;background:#FBFCFD;\">\n<p style=\"font-size:11px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.08em;text-transform:uppercase;color:#9aa3a8;margin:0 0 8px;line-height:1.4;\">Related grades<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0;font-size:15px;line-height:2;color:#333;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/en\/hastelloy-x\/\" style=\"color:#24BEE5;font-weight:600;text-decoration:none;\">Hastelloy X<\/a> &nbsp;\u00b7&nbsp; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/en\/monel-400\/\" style=\"color:#24BEE5;font-weight:600;text-decoration:none;\">Monel 400<\/a> &nbsp;\u00b7&nbsp; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/en\/monel-k500\/\" style=\"color:#24BEE5;font-weight:600;text-decoration:none;\">Monel K-500<\/a> &nbsp;\u00b7&nbsp; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/en\/waspaloy\/\" style=\"color:#24BEE5;font-weight:600;text-decoration:none;\">Waspaloy<\/a> &nbsp;\u00b7&nbsp; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/en\/nickel-alloys\/\" style=\"color:#666;font-weight:600;text-decoration:none;\">All nickel alloys \u2192<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p><!-- dm-ld --><script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"name\":\"Hastelloy C-2000\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/en\/hastelloy-c-2000\/\",\"inLanguage\":\"en\",\"description\":\"Hastelloy C-2000 (UNS N06200 \/ W.Nr. 2.4675 \/ DIN 17744 name NiCr23Mo16Cu) is a wrought, single-phase FCC nickel-chromium-molybdenum solid-solution alloy: nominally Ni 59 \u00b7 Cr 23 \u00b7 Mo 16 \u00b7 Cu 1.6, Fe 3.0 % max, Co 2.0 % max, carbon held to 0.010 % max and silicon to 0.08 % max.\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"name\":\"Defence Metal\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/\"},\"publisher\":{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"name\":\"Defence Metal\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/\"},\"mainEntity\":{\"@type\":\"DefinedTerm\",\"name\":\"Hastelloy C-2000\",\"description\":\"Hastelloy C-2000 (UNS N06200 \/ W.Nr. 2.4675 \/ DIN 17744 name NiCr23Mo16Cu) is a wrought, single-phase FCC nickel-chromium-molybdenum solid-solution alloy: nominally Ni 59 \u00b7 Cr 23 \u00b7 Mo 16 \u00b7 Cu 1.6, Fe 3.0 % max, Co 2.0 % max, carbon held to 0.010 % max and silicon to 0.08 % max.\",\"inDefinedTermSet\":{\"@type\":\"DefinedTermSet\",\"name\":\"Defence Metal - metals and alloys\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/\"},\"alternateName\":[\"UNS N06200\",\"W.Nr. 2.4675\"],\"identifier\":[{\"@type\":\"PropertyValue\",\"propertyID\":\"UNS\",\"value\":\"N06200\"},{\"@type\":\"PropertyValue\",\"propertyID\":\"Werkstoffnummer\",\"value\":\"2.4675\"}]}}<\/script><!-- \/dm-ld --><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Hastelloy C-2000 \/ (2.4675) \/ UNS N06200 DEFENCE METAL Hastelloy C-2000 UNS N06200 \u00b7 W.Nr. 2.4675 \u00b7 NiCr23Mo16Cu (EN\/DIN) \u00b7 DIN 17744 \u00b7 Ni balance (~59%) \u2013 Cr 22.0-24.0 \u2013 Mo 15.0-17.0 \u2013 Cu 1.30-1.90 \u2013 Fe 3.0 max \u2013 Co 2.0 max \u2013 Mn 0.50 max \u2013 Al 0.50 max \u2013 Si 0.08 max &hellip; <\/p>\n<p class=\"link-more\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/en\/hastelloy-c-2000\/\" class=\"more-link\"><span class=\"screen-reader-text\"> &#8220;Hastelloy C-2000&#8221;<\/span>devam\u0131n\u0131 oku<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":3526,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_title":"HASTELLOY C-2000 \/ (2.4675) \/ UNS N06200 | Defence Metal","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Hastelloy C-2000 (UNS N06200, 2.4675) \u2014 nickel-chromium-molybdenum alloy with copper, for long service in sulphuric acid environments.","inspiro_hide_title":false,"inspiro_hide_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"dm_sektor":[13,15],"class_list":["post-3595","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.5 - 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