{"id":3567,"date":"2026-09-16T11:01:26","date_gmt":"2026-09-16T08:01:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/en\/nikel-200\/"},"modified":"2026-09-25T16:28:18","modified_gmt":"2026-09-25T13:28:18","slug":"nikel-200","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/en\/nikel-200\/","title":{"rendered":"Nickel 200"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><!-- dm-hap --><\/p>\n<h1 class=\"dm-ust-baslik\" style=\"font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,'Segoe UI',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif !important;text-transform:none !important;font-size:27px;line-height:1.3;font-weight:800;color:#12303f;margin:0 0 10px;letter-spacing:-.01em;\">Nickel 200 \/ (2.4060) \/ UNS N02200<\/h1>\n<div style=\"border:1px solid #d7dfe4;background:#ffffff;margin:0 0 22px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\"><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"background:#12303f;padding:14px 16px 12px;position:relative;z-index:2;\">\n<div style=\"font-size:22px;font-weight:700;color:#fff;line-height:1.25;\">Nickel 200<\/div>\n<div style=\"font-family:ui-monospace,Menlo,Consolas,monospace;font-size:12.5px;color:#b9cfdb;line-height:1.5;margin-top:5px;word-wrap:break-word;\">UNS N02200 \u00b7 W.Nr. 2.4066 (Special Metals also lists 2.4060 for the same alloy) \u00b7 DIN\/EN designation (S-)Ni99.6; producer designation Nickel 99.2 \u00b7 Ni(+Co) 99.0% min \u2013 C 0.15% max \u2013 Cu 0.25% max \u2013 Fe 0.40% max \u2013 Mn 0.35% max \u2013 Si 0.35% max \u2013 S 0.010% max (ASTM B160 and ASTM B162 Table 1). It is commercially pure nickel; no strengthening alloying element is added.<\/div>\n<div data-dmkars-blok=\"1\" style=\"border-top:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.16);margin-top:13px;padding-top:11px;\">\n<div style=\"font-size:10px;letter-spacing:.09em;text-transform:uppercase;color:#7f9fb0;font-weight:700;margin-bottom:8px;\">Not to be confused with<\/div>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/2026\/09\/15\/nickel-200-nickel-201-difference\/\" data-dmkars=\"1\" style=\"display:inline-block;padding:4px 11px;border:1px solid rgba(36,190,229,.45);background:rgba(36,190,229,.12);border-radius:99px;margin:0 6px 6px 0;font-size:12.5px;font-weight:600;color:#9fe2f7;text-decoration:none;\">Nickel 201<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"position:relative;z-index:2;\">\n<div style=\"display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">\n<div style=\"flex:0 0 118px;padding:11px 14px;background:#F7FAFB;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:.09em;text-transform:uppercase;color:#6b8091;font-weight:600;line-height:1.5;\">For what<\/div>\n<div style=\"flex:1 1 230px;min-width:0;padding:11px 14px;font-size:14.5px;line-height:1.7;color:#3d5260;word-wrap:break-word;overflow-wrap:break-word;\">Commercially pure nickel. It is NOT PRECIPITATION HARDENABLE; it takes its strength from cold work only and cannot be hardened by ageing.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">\n<div style=\"flex:0 0 118px;padding:11px 14px;background:#F7FAFB;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:.09em;text-transform:uppercase;color:#6b8091;font-weight:600;line-height:1.5;\">Forms<\/div>\n<div style=\"flex:1 1 230px;min-width:0;padding:11px 14px;font-size:14.5px;line-height:1.7;color:#3d5260;word-wrap:break-word;overflow-wrap:break-word;\">Round bar \u00b7 flat bar \u00b7 plate \u00b7 sheet \u00b7 tube and pipe \u00b7 forging. All forms are supplied to order.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">\n<div style=\"flex:0 0 118px;padding:11px 14px;background:#F7FAFB;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:.09em;text-transform:uppercase;color:#6b8091;font-weight:600;line-height:1.5;\">Standards<\/div>\n<div style=\"flex:1 1 230px;min-width:0;padding:11px 14px;font-size:14.5px;line-height:1.7;color:#3d5260;word-wrap:break-word;overflow-wrap:break-word;\">AMS \u2014 NO AMS number belonging to Nickel 200 (N02200) could be verified one by one in this work. <b style=\"font-size:16.5px;font-weight:800;color:#12303f;\">AMS 5553<\/b> is the low-carbon (C 0.02% max) sheet and strip specification and belongs to Nickel 201. \u00b7 ASTM B160 \/ ASME SB-160 \u2014 rod and bar. \u00b7 ASTM B161 \/ ASME SB-161 \u2014 seamless pipe and tube. \u00b7 ASTM B162 \/ ASME SB-162 \u2014 plate, sheet and strip. \u00b7 ASTM B163 \/ ASME SB-163 \u2014 condenser and heat-exchanger tube. \u00b7 ASTM B366 \/ ASME SB-366 \u2014 welded fittings. \u00b7 ASTM B564 \/ ASME SB-564 \u2014 forgings. \u00b7 ASTM B725 \/ ASME SB-725 \u2014 welded pipe. \u00b7 ASTM B730 \/ ASME SB-730 \u2014 welded tube. \u00b7 ASTM B751, B775, B829 \u2014 general requirements for tubular products. \u00b7 DIN 17740, 17750, 17751, 17752, 17753, 17754 \u00b7 ISO 6207, 6208, 9723, 9724, 9725 \u00b7 BS 3072, 3073, 3074.<br \/><span style=\"font-size:12.5px;color:#7b8f9b;line-height:1.6;display:inline-block;margin-top:6px;\">AMS TRAP: the official title of AMS 5553 is &#8216;Nickel, Sheet And Strip Low (0.02 Max) Carbon Annealed&#8217;. Because the carbon ceiling is 0.02%, this specification belongs to NICKEL 201 (N02201) and cannot be used when ordering Nickel 200.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">\n<div style=\"flex:0 0 118px;padding:11px 14px;background:#F7FAFB;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:.09em;text-transform:uppercase;color:#6b8091;font-weight:600;line-height:1.5;\">Advantage<\/div>\n<div style=\"flex:1 1 230px;min-width:0;padding:11px 14px;font-size:14.5px;line-height:1.7;color:#3d5260;word-wrap:break-word;overflow-wrap:break-word;\">For the same purity of nickel, the specification minimums are higher for service below 315 \u00b0C: in ASTM B162, annealed plate, sheet and strip requires 380 MPa tensile and 100 MPa yield for N02200 against 345 MPa and 80 MPa for N02201;<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">\n<div style=\"flex:0 0 118px;padding:11px 14px;background:#F7FAFB;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:.09em;text-transform:uppercase;color:#6b8091;font-weight:600;line-height:1.5;\">Welding<\/div>\n<div style=\"flex:1 1 230px;min-width:0;padding:11px 14px;font-size:14.5px;line-height:1.7;color:#3d5260;word-wrap:break-word;overflow-wrap:break-word;\">Filler metal: Special Metals Nickel Filler Metal 61 (gas tungsten arc and gas metal arc) and Nickel Welding Electrode 141 (shielded metal arc). Preheat is not normally required \u2014 the Special Metals joining handbook states that preheating nickel alloys prior to welding is not normally required.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">\n<div style=\"flex:0 0 118px;padding:11px 14px;background:#fdeceb;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:.09em;text-transform:uppercase;color:#c0392b;font-weight:600;line-height:1.5;\">Limits<\/div>\n<div style=\"flex:1 1 230px;min-width:0;padding:11px 14px;font-size:14.5px;line-height:1.7;color:#3d5260;word-wrap:break-word;overflow-wrap:break-word;background:#fdeceb;\">NOT USED ABOVE 315 \u00b0C (600 \u00b0F). The carbon ceiling of Nickel 200 is 0.15%; on prolonged exposure above this temperature the carbon precipitates as graphite, weakens the grain boundaries and embrittles the material. This temperature limit is given identically by five independent sources.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"padding:14px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/en\/contact\/\" style=\"display:inline-block;padding:11px 20px;font-size:14px;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;margin:0 8px 6px 0;background:#dd3333;color:#ffffff;\">REQUEST A QUOTE<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/en\/nickel-alloys\/\" style=\"display:inline-block;padding:11px 20px;font-size:14px;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;margin:0 8px 6px 0;font-weight:600;border:1px solid #12303f;color:#12303f;\">All nickel alloys &rarr;<\/a><span data-dm=\"dm-teknik\" style=\"cursor:pointer;display:inline-block;padding:11px 20px;font-size:14px;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;margin:0 8px 6px 0;border:1px solid #dd3333;color:#dd3333;\">TECHNICAL DETAILS &darr;<\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"padding:9px 14px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-size:11.5px;color:#8a9aa4;line-height:1.5;\">Compiled from manufacturer data sheets \u00b7 confirm against the current specification before ordering<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><!-- \/dm-hap --><!-- dm-nav --><\/p>\n<style>h4[id^=\"dm-b\"]{scroll-margin-top:120px}#dm-teknik{scroll-margin-top:120px}<\/style>\n<div style=\"border:1px solid #d7dfe4;background:#ffffff;margin:0 0 22px;padding:12px 14px;\">\n<div style=\"font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:.09em;text-transform:uppercase;color:#6b8091;font-weight:600;margin-bottom:9px;\">On this page &middot; click to jump<\/div>\n<div><span data-dm=\"dm-b0\" style=\"cursor:pointer;display:inline-block;padding:5px 11px;border:1px solid #dfe6ea;background:#F7FAFB;margin:0 6px 7px 0;font-size:13px;color:#12303f;\">What Nickel 200 Is<\/span><span data-dm=\"dm-b1\" style=\"cursor:pointer;display:inline-block;padding:5px 11px;border:1px solid #dfe6ea;background:#F7FAFB;margin:0 6px 7px 0;font-size:13px;color:#12303f;\">The Carbon Line<\/span><span data-dm=\"dm-b2\" style=\"cursor:pointer;display:inline-block;padding:5px 11px;border:1px solid #dfe6ea;background:#F7FAFB;margin:0 6px 7px 0;font-size:13px;color:#12303f;\">Chemical Composition<\/span><span data-dm=\"dm-b3\" style=\"cursor:pointer;display:inline-block;padding:5px 11px;border:1px solid #dfe6ea;background:#F7FAFB;margin:0 6px 7px 0;font-size:13px;color:#12303f;\">Minimum Mechanical Properties<\/span><span data-dm=\"dm-b4\" style=\"cursor:pointer;display:inline-block;padding:5px 11px;border:1px solid #dfe6ea;background:#F7FAFB;margin:0 6px 7px 0;font-size:13px;color:#12303f;\">Physical Properties<\/span><span data-dm=\"dm-b5\" style=\"cursor:pointer;display:inline-block;padding:5px 11px;border:1px solid #dfe6ea;background:#F7FAFB;margin:0 6px 7px 0;font-size:13px;color:#12303f;\">Welding<\/span><span data-dm=\"dm-b6\" style=\"cursor:pointer;display:inline-block;padding:5px 11px;border:1px solid #dfe6ea;background:#F7FAFB;margin:0 6px 7px 0;font-size:13px;color:#12303f;\">Heat Treatment<\/span><span data-dm=\"dm-b7\" style=\"cursor:pointer;display:inline-block;padding:5px 11px;border:1px solid #dfe6ea;background:#F7FAFB;margin:0 6px 7px 0;font-size:13px;color:#12303f;\">Machining<\/span><span data-dm=\"dm-b8\" style=\"cursor:pointer;display:inline-block;padding:5px 11px;border:1px solid #dfe6ea;background:#F7FAFB;margin:0 6px 7px 0;font-size:13px;color:#12303f;\">Corrosion<\/span><span data-dm=\"dm-b9\" style=\"cursor:pointer;display:inline-block;padding:5px 11px;border:1px solid #dfe6ea;background:#F7FAFB;margin:0 6px 7px 0;font-size:13px;color:#12303f;\">Frequently Asked Questions<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><script>(function(){function go(id){var e=document.getElementById(id);if(e){var s=document.scrollingElement||document.documentElement;var y=e.getBoundingClientRect().top+s.scrollTop-118;if(y-0-0-0-0!==y){y=0;}window.scrollTo(0,y);}}function bind(el){el.addEventListener(\"click\",function(ev){ev.preventDefault();go(el.getAttribute(\"data-dm\"));});}function init(){var l=document.querySelectorAll(\"[data-dm]\");Array.prototype.forEach.call(l,bind);if(location.hash){if(location.hash.indexOf(\"#dm-\")===0){try{history.replaceState(null,\"\",location.pathname+location.search);}catch(e){}window.scrollTo(0,0);setTimeout(function(){window.scrollTo(0,0);},80);}}}if(document.readyState===\"loading\"){document.addEventListener(\"DOMContentLoaded\",init);}else{init();}})();<\/script><!-- \/dm-nav --><br \/>\n<span id=\"dm-teknik\" style=\"display:block;height:0;overflow:hidden;\"><\/span><br \/>\nNickel 200, also known as Alloy 200, is a commercially pure nickel material. It consists of at least 99% nickel and that figure often reaches as high as 99.6%. Designated UNS N02200, it is known in the DIN system as 2.4060 and 2.4066. It has good mechanical strength. Nickel is already used inside many stainless steels to raise corrosion resistance, and as an essentially pure nickel, Alloy 200 has very good corrosion resistance of its own \u2014 it withstands a wide range of corrosive environments. Alongside its very good mechanical properties and corrosion resistance, the magnetic properties, high thermal conductivity and high electrical conductivity of Nickel 200 are what make it the choice in many special-purpose applications.<\/p>\n<p>Like all nickel alloys, Nickel 200 (2.4060 &#8211; 2.4066) is expensive and should be specified where it is genuinely required, otherwise costs rise considerably. It is frequently used in food processing machinery components and food lines, in various fibre-industry parts, and wherever corrosion resistance has to be at its highest. It should be chosen where corrosion resistance is the first and most important priority in the service environment. It is also used in parts in contact with many chemicals, in chemical tankers, in various electronic components and in the aerospace sector.<\/p>\n<div style=\"border:1px solid #d7dfe4;background:#ffffff;margin:24px 0 18px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\">\n<div style=\"background:#DD3333;color:#ffffff;font-size:13px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.04em;text-transform:uppercase;padding:10px 12px;line-height:1.35;\">Chemical Composition \u00b7 Nickel 200 (2.4060- 2.4066)<\/div>\n<p><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<table style=\"border-collapse:collapse;width:100%;font-size:15px;line-height:1.5;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\">Ni+Co<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">min 99.0%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\">Fe<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">max 0.40%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\">C<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">max 0.15%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\">Mn<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">max 0.35%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\">Si<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">max 0.35%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\">S<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">max 0.01%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\">Cu<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">max 0.25%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"border:1px solid #d7dfe4;background:#ffffff;margin:24px 0 18px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\">\n<div style=\"background:#DD3333;color:#ffffff;font-size:13px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.04em;text-transform:uppercase;padding:10px 12px;line-height:1.35;\">Mechanical Properties at Room Temperature<\/div>\n<p><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<table style=\"border-collapse:collapse;width:100%;font-size:15px;line-height:1.5;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\">Density (specific gravity)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">8890 kg\/m\u00b3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\">Melting Temperature<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">1435 \u2013 1446 \u00b0C<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"dm-std\" style=\"border:1px solid #d7dfe4;background:#ffffff;margin:24px 0 18px;\">\n<div style=\"background:#DD3333;color:#ffffff;font-size:13px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.04em;text-transform:uppercase;padding:10px 12px;line-height:1.35;\">Standards and Equivalents \u00b7 Nickel 200<\/div>\n<div data-dmtw=\"1\" style=\"position:relative;overflow:hidden;\"><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"position:relative;z-index:2;overflow-x:auto;\">\n<table style=\"border-collapse:collapse;width:100%;font-size:15px;line-height:1.5;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\">Trade name<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">Nickel 200<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\">UNS<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">N02200<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\">W.Nr (DIN\/EN)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">2.4060 \u00b7 2.4066<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\">Available forms<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">Round bar \u00b7 Flat bar \u00b7 Plate \u00b7 Sheet \u00b7 Tube \u00b7 Forgings<br \/><span style=\"font-size:13px;color:#6b7a84;\">All forms are supplied to order.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><!-- dm-zengin --><\/p>\n<h4 id=\"dm-b0\" style=\"font-size:19px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;margin:30px 0 10px;line-height:1.35;\">What Nickel 200 Is \u2014 and the First Correction<\/h4>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 12px;font-size:15px;line-height:1.75;\">Nickel 200 (UNS <b>N02200<\/b> \/ W.Nr. <b>2.4066<\/b> \/ &#8220;Ni 99.2&#8221;) is commercially pure wrought nickel: <b>Ni (+Co) \u226599.0%<\/b>. Two things on this page deserve unusually careful reading. First, <b>carbon<\/b>. The <b>only<\/b> chemical difference between Nickel 200 and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/en\/nikel-201\/\">Nickel 201<\/a> is carbon (0.15% max versus 0.02% max), and that single difference is the difference between <b>315 \u00b0C<\/b> and <b>677 \u00b0C<\/b> under ASME Section VIII Division 1. Second, <b>magnetism<\/b>. Nickel 200 is <b>ferromagnetic at room temperature<\/b>. Anyone buying on &#8220;nickel alloys are non-magnetic&#8221; is mistaken \u2014 the Curie point is <b>360 \u00b0C<\/b> and the saturation flux density <b>0.61 T<\/b>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 12px;font-size:15px;line-height:1.75;\"><b>ASTM N02200 and W.Nr. 2.4066 are NOT the same chemistry.<\/b> Almost every datasheet prints them on one line, and this is the <b>most common standards error<\/b> in this material. 2.4066 is tighter: <b>C \u22640.10%<\/b> (ASTM 0.15), <b>S \u22640.005%<\/b> (ASTM 0.010), <b>Si \u22640.15%<\/b> (ASTM 0.35), plus <b>Ti \u22640.10%<\/b> and <b>Mg \u22640.15%<\/b> limits that <b>ASTM simply does not have<\/b>. The consequence: <b>a heat at 0.13% C and 0.008% S is fully compliant with ASTM B162 and fails 2.4066 on two counts.<\/b> If your customer&#8217;s drawing says 2.4066 \u2014 as German, Turkish and most EU chemical-plant drawings do \u2014 an ASTM-only certificate is not automatically acceptable.<\/p>\n<div style=\"border:1px solid #d7dfe4;background:#ffffff;margin:24px 0 18px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\">\n<div style=\"background:#DD3333;color:#ffffff;font-size:13px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.04em;text-transform:uppercase;padding:10px 12px;line-height:1.35;\">Standards by Product Form \u00b7 Nickel 200 (N02200 \/ 2.4066)<\/div>\n<p><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<table style=\"border-collapse:collapse;width:100%;font-size:15px;line-height:1.5;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\">Plate \u00b7 sheet \u00b7 strip<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">ASTM <b>B162<\/b> \/ ASME SB-162 \u2014 covers <b>N02200 and N02201<\/b> together<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\">Rod and bar<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">ASTM <b>B160<\/b> \/ SB-160 \u2014 <b>N02200, N02201 and N02211<\/b>. Watch the third grade: <b>N02211<\/b> is solution-strengthened nickel (Mn 4.25\u20135.25%) inside the same specification, and is easy to confuse on a mill certificate<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\">Seamless pipe and tube<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">ASTM <b>B161<\/b> \/ SB-161 \u2014 cold-worked seamless pipe and tube<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\">Condenser \u00b7 heat-exchanger tube<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">ASTM <b>B163<\/b> \/ SB-163 \u2014 \u22643 in. OD, wall \u22640.148 in. <b>B163 is NOT a fittings specification<\/b> (see the traps)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\">Welded pipe<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">ASTM <b>B725<\/b> \/ SB-725 \u2014 its title <b>names N02200 and N02201<\/b> explicitly<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\">Welded tube<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">ASTM <b>B730<\/b> \/ SB-730 \u2014 welded-and-annealed or welded-and-stress-relieved<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\">Fittings<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">ASTM <b>B366<\/b> \/ SB-366 \u2014 factory-made wrought fittings<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\"><b>Forgings<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">ASTM <b>B564<\/b> \/ SB-564 \u2014 <b>N02200 IS in scope, N02201 is NOT.<\/b> This is the most commercially valuable finding here; the detail is on the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/en\/nikel-201\/\">Nickel 201<\/a> page<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\">General requirements<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>B829<\/b> (seamless pipe\/tube) \u00b7 <b>B751<\/b> (welded tube) \u00b7 <b>B775\/B775M<\/b> (welded pipe). These are companion documents; an order that says only &#8220;ASTM B829&#8221; <b>has specified no product at all<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\"><b>Wire<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\"><b>There is NO ASTM wire specification.<\/b> B160 is titled &#8220;Nickel Rod and Bar&#8221; and its scope is &#8220;round, square, hexagonal, or rectangular <b>solid sections<\/b>&#8220;. The routes for wire are <b>DIN 17753<\/b> or <b>ISO 9724<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\">Welding consumables<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">Bare wire: <b>AWS A5.14 ERNi-1<\/b> (UNS <b>N02061<\/b>, Filler Metal 61) \u00b7 EN ISO 18274 <b>S Ni 2061 (NiTi3)<\/b> \u00b7 Covered electrode: <b>AWS A5.11 ENi-1<\/b> (UNS W82141, Electrode 141)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\">Europe<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">W.Nr. <b>2.4066<\/b> (Ni 99.2). <b>2.4060 = Ni 99.6<\/b> and <b>2.4061 = LC-Ni 99.6<\/b> are separate, purer grades with no UNS equivalent \u2014 a datasheet reading &#8220;2.4066 (Ni99.6)&#8221; is wrong<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\">DIN \u00b7 ISO \u00b7 BS<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">DIN 17740 (composition), 17750 (sheet\/plate), 17751 (tube), 17752 (rod\/bar), 17753 (wire), 17754 (forgings) \u00b7 ISO 6208, 6207, 9723, 9724, 9725 \u00b7 BS 3075\/3076 <b>NA11<\/b>. <b>These are historic German standards<\/b>, most superseded by EN\/ISO. We could not verify the current EN replacements \u2014 quote the <b>W.Nr. plus the ASTM number<\/b> rather than a DIN number you cannot defend<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\">Pressure vessel<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\"><b>VdT\u00dcV Werkstoffblatt 345<\/b> (single-sourced) \u00b7 accepted under ASME Section VIII Div. 1 with a <b>maximum Code temperature of 315 \u00b0C (600 \u00b0F)<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>Do NOT claim<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>ASME Section I<\/b> (power boiler) acceptance \u2014 unverified \u00b7 <b>NACE MR0175 \/ ISO 15156<\/b> \u2014 N02200 is not in the nickel-alloy listing we fetched, so <b>do not claim sour-service compliance<\/b> \u00b7 <b>FDA food-contact approval<\/b> \u2014 there is none (see the FAQ)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<h4 id=\"dm-b1\" style=\"font-size:19px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;margin:30px 0 10px;line-height:1.35;\">The Carbon Line \u2014 the Centrepiece of This Page<\/h4>\n<p style=\"margin:18px 0 6px;font-size:15px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;line-height:1.5;\">What 315 \u00b0C is, and what it is not<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 12px;font-size:15px;line-height:1.75;\">The commonly quoted figure is <b>600 \u00b0F \/ 315 \u00b0C<\/b>, and it holds up \u2014 but <b>the sources do not all mean the same thing by it<\/b>, and one major European mill gives a different number. The US mill bulletin: Nickel 200 is &#8220;<b>normally limited to service at temperatures below 600 \u00b0F (315 \u00b0C)<\/b>&#8220;. Against that, <b>VDM Metals<\/b> sets its own switch-over at <b>300 \u00b0C (572 \u00b0F)<\/b>: &#8220;<b>In application temperatures above 300 \u00b0C, VDM Nickel 201 is preferable over VDM Nickel 200<\/b>&#8221; \u2014 while elsewhere in the same document quoting 315 \u00b0C. <b>Verdict:<\/b> publish <b>315 \u00b0C<\/b> as the ASTM\/ASME line and <b>300 \u00b0C<\/b> as the conservative design line for anything built to an EU drawing (2.4066\/2.4068). <b>Do not present 315 \u00b0C as universal.<\/b><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 12px;font-size:15px;line-height:1.75;\">There is also a third, quite different justification in circulation: a wire producer gives the same 315 \u00b0C for <b>strength, not graphitisation<\/b> \u2014 &#8220;tensile strength and elongation drop significantly at temperatures above 315 \u00b0C&#8221;. Three sources, one number, three reasons; state <b>which reason<\/b> you are invoking.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:18px 0 6px;font-size:15px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;line-height:1.5;\">The mechanism: the damage does not happen at 315 \u00b0C<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 12px;font-size:15px;line-height:1.75;\">The failure is <b>not an event that occurs at 315 \u00b0C<\/b>. It is precipitation of carbon at the grain boundaries \u2014 as carbide, and as carbide that decomposes to graphite \u2014 during <b>prolonged exposure in a hotter window<\/b>, which leaves the part brittle once it is cooled and loaded. The mill states the window explicitly: prolonged exposure at <b>425\u2013650 \u00b0C (800\u20131200 \u00b0F)<\/b> causes &#8220;<b>graphitization which can result in severely compromised properties<\/b>&#8220;.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 12px;font-size:15px;line-height:1.75;\"><b>Three practical consequences your page should state.<\/b> <b>(1) 315 \u00b0C is the entry to the risk zone, not the point of failure.<\/b> Damage accumulates fastest at 425\u2013650 \u00b0C; a vessel that spends its life at 350 \u00b0C degrades slowly, one that sits at 500 \u00b0C degrades fast. <b>(2) It is time-dependent.<\/b> &#8220;Prolonged exposure&#8221; \u2014 <b>none<\/b> of the sources fetched gives a time\u2013temperature curve for onset. <b>Do not publish an invented one.<\/b> <b>(3) There is no problem in the weld metal.<\/b> ENi-1 and ERNi-1 welds are not subject to graphite precipitation and are used to weld both grades; <b>the risk is in the Nickel 200 base metal and the HAZ<\/b>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:18px 0 6px;font-size:15px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;line-height:1.5;\">The second embrittlement \u2014 and low carbon does NOT fix it<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 12px;font-size:15px;line-height:1.75;\"><b>A different failure mode with the same threshold temperature:<\/b> the mill, writing about Nickel 201 itself, states that &#8220;the material is subject to <b>intergranular embrittlement by sulfur compounds at temperatures above 600 \u00b0F (315 \u00b0C)<\/b>&#8220;. <b>Low carbon buys you nothing against it.<\/b> The Ni\u2013S eutectic melts at <b>635 \u00b0C (1175 \u00b0F)<\/b> \u2014 far below any hot-working or annealing temperature \u2014 so sulphur picked up from fuel, lubricant, a marking crayon or a dirty glove liquates the grain boundaries. The mill&#8217;s own conclusion is unambiguous: <b>in high-temperature caustic applications where sulphur is present, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/en\/inconel-600\/\">Inconel 600<\/a> is used rather than Nickel 201.<\/b><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 12px;font-size:15px;line-height:1.75;\"><b>Heating-fuel limits<\/b> (single-sourced): sulphur-free gas or low-sulphur oil (<b>under 0.5% S<\/b>); gas <b>not more than 30 grains of total sulphur per 100 cu ft (0.68 g\/m\u00b3)<\/b>, preferably under 15 grains (0.34 g\/m\u00b3). The material is also &#8220;sensitive to intergranular attack from sulfur and metals such as <b>lead, tin, zinc, and bismuth<\/b> that have low melting points&#8221;. A European mill confirms independently: &#8220;Sulfur, phosphorus, lead and other low-melting point metals can result in <b>material damage during heat treatment<\/b>&#8220;.<\/p>\n<h4 id=\"dm-b2\" style=\"font-size:19px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;margin:30px 0 10px;line-height:1.35;\">Chemical Composition \u2014 the ASTM \/ EN Divergence<\/h4>\n<div style=\"border:1px solid #d7dfe4;background:#ffffff;margin:24px 0 18px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\">\n<div style=\"background:#DD3333;color:#ffffff;font-size:13px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.04em;text-transform:uppercase;padding:10px 12px;line-height:1.35;\">Chemical Composition \u00b7 ASTM N02200 versus W.Nr. 2.4066 (%)<\/div>\n<p><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<table style=\"border-collapse:collapse;width:100%;font-size:15px;line-height:1.5;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\">Ni (+Co)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>ASTM \u226599.0<\/b> \u00b7 <b>2.4066: \u226599.2<\/b> (VDM) or \u226599.0 (another mill) \u2014 <b>sources disagree<\/b>. Note that ASTM B162 states &#8220;<b>nickel shall be determined arithmetically by difference<\/b>&#8221; \u2014 nickel is not analysed, it is the <b>remainder<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\"><b>C<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\"><b>ASTM \u22640.15<\/b> \u00b7 <b>2.4066 \u22640.10<\/b> \u2014 <b>a real divergence<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>S<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>ASTM \u22640.010<\/b> \u00b7 <b>2.4066 \u22640.005<\/b> \u2014 <b>a real divergence<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\"><b>Si<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\"><b>ASTM \u22640.35<\/b> \u00b7 <b>2.4066 \u22640.15<\/b> (VDM) \u2014 <b>a real divergence<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\">Mn<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">ASTM \u22640.35 \u00b7 2.4066 \u22640.35 (VDM) or \u22640.30 (another mill) \u2014 sources disagree<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\">Cu<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">\u22640.25 \u2014 identical in both<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\">Fe<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">\u22640.40 \u2014 identical in both<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\"><b>Ti<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\"><b>ASTM: no limit<\/b> \u00b7 <b>2.4066 \u22640.10<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>Mg<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>ASTM: no limit<\/b> \u00b7 <b>2.4066 \u22640.15<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\"><b>Procurement consequence<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">Before selling a heat as <b>dual-compliant<\/b>, confirm the certificate shows <b>C \u22640.10% and S \u22640.005%<\/b>, and note the <b>Si (0.15), Ti (0.10) and Mg (0.15)<\/b> limits that ASTM does not have at all<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<h4 id=\"dm-b3\" style=\"font-size:19px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;margin:30px 0 10px;line-height:1.35;\">Minimum Mechanical Properties \u2014 Specification Minima, Not Mill Typicals<\/h4>\n<p><!-- dm-diy-std --><\/p>\n<div style=\"border:1px solid #e3e9ec;margin:22px 0 26px;background:#fff;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\">\n<div style=\"background:#12303f;color:#fff;padding:9px 14px;font-size:14px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.3px;position:relative;z-index:2;\">STANDARDS BY PRODUCT FORM<\/div>\n<div style=\"position:relative;z-index:2;\">\n<div style=\"padding:12px 12px 2px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\"><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"overflow-x:auto;position:relative;z-index:2;\">\n<table style=\"width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:13.5px;min-width:430px;background:transparent;\">\n<tr>\n<th style=\"padding:7px 9px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:#12303f;background:#F2F6F8;border:1px solid #eceff1;\">Product form<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding:7px 9px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:#12303f;background:#F2F6F8;border:1px solid #eceff1;\">Standards<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">Round bar, flat bar<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">NO AMS number (none could be verified for N02200) \u00b7 ASTM B160 \/ ASME SB-160 (rod and bar) \u00b7 DIN 17752 \u00b7 ISO 9723 \u00b7 BS 3076 family<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">Forging<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">NO AMS number \u00b7 ASTM B564 \/ ASME SB-564 \u00b7 DIN 17754<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">Plate<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\"><b style=\"font-size:16.5px;font-weight:800;color:#12303f;\">AMS 5553<\/b> covers ONLY LOW-CARBON (C 0.02% max) sheet and strip; it does NOT cover Nickel 200 plate \u00b7 ASTM B162 \/ ASME SB-162 \u00b7 DIN 17750 \u00b7 ISO 6208<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">Sheet, strip<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\"><b style=\"font-size:16.5px;font-weight:800;color:#12303f;\">AMS 5553<\/b> is the low-carbon grade and belongs to Nickel 201 \u00b7 ASTM B162 \/ ASME SB-162 \u00b7 DIN 17750 \u00b7 ISO 6208<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">Tube and pipe \u2014 seamless<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">NO AMS number \u00b7 ASTM B161 \/ ASME SB-161 (seamless pipe and tube) \u00b7 ASTM B163 \/ ASME SB-163 (condenser and heat-exchanger tube) \u00b7 ASTM B829 and B775 (general requirements) \u00b7 DIN 17751 \u00b7 ISO 6207<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">Tube and pipe \u2014 welded<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">NO AMS number \u00b7 ASTM B725 \/ ASME SB-725 (welded pipe) \u00b7 ASTM B730 \/ ASME SB-730 (welded tube) \u00b7 ASTM B751 and B775 (general requirements)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">Wire, ribbon<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\"><b style=\"font-size:16.5px;font-weight:800;color:#12303f;\">AMS 5555<\/b> is titled &#8216;Nickel Wire And Ribbon 99Ni&#8217;; the title states no carbon class, so it could not be confirmed whether it covers 200 or 201 \u00b7 There is no ASTM wire specification; DIN 17753 and ISO 9724 are used<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">Welded fitting<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">NO AMS number \u00b7 ASTM B366 \/ ASME SB-366<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">Welding consumable<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">Special Metals Nickel Filler Metal 61 (arc welding wire) \u00b7 Nickel Welding Electrode 141 (covered electrode). ASME Section IX base metal P-No. 41.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"padding:6px 14px 12px;font-size:12px;color:#5b7180;line-height:1.7;border-top:1px solid #f0f3f5;position:relative;z-index:2;\">AMS numbers come first and ASTM second. Since no AMS number could be verified for Nickel 200, the AMS entries are marked &#8216;NONE&#8217;. The mapping of the DIN and ISO numbers to product forms follows the list order of the Special Metals bulletin; the bulletin does not state the form mapping explicitly.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><!-- \/dm-diy-std --><!-- dm-diy-sert --><\/p>\n<div style=\"border:1px solid #e3e9ec;margin:22px 0 26px;background:#fff;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\">\n<div style=\"background:#12303f;color:#fff;padding:9px 14px;font-size:14px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.3px;position:relative;z-index:2;\">STRENGTH VALUES<\/div>\n<div style=\"position:relative;z-index:2;\">\n<div style=\"padding:12px 10px 0;\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 740 738\" style=\"width:100%;height:auto;display:block;\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" role=\"img\"><rect x=\"16\" y=\"6\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"#12303f\"\/><text x=\"34\" y=\"16\" font-size=\"11.5\" fill=\"#12303f\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">Yield (MPa)<\/text><rect x=\"146\" y=\"6\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"#7fa8bd\"\/><text x=\"164\" y=\"16\" font-size=\"11.5\" fill=\"#12303f\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">Tensile (MPa)<\/text><text x=\"16\" y=\"44\" font-size=\"12.5\" font-weight=\"bold\" fill=\"#12303f\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">ASTM B160 \u00b7 N02200 bar, annealed<\/text><rect x=\"16\" y=\"50\" width=\"399.6\" height=\"15\" fill=\"#7fa8bd\"\/><text x=\"422.6\" y=\"62\" font-size=\"11.5\" fill=\"#5b7180\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">380<\/text><rect x=\"16\" y=\"68\" width=\"110.4\" height=\"15\" fill=\"#12303f\"\/><text x=\"133.4\" y=\"80\" font-size=\"11.5\" fill=\"#5b7180\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">105<\/text><text x=\"16\" y=\"108\" font-size=\"12.5\" font-weight=\"bold\" fill=\"#12303f\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">ASTM B160 \u00b7 N02200 bar, hot worked<\/text><rect x=\"16\" y=\"114\" width=\"436.4\" height=\"15\" fill=\"#7fa8bd\"\/><text x=\"459.4\" y=\"126\" font-size=\"11.5\" fill=\"#5b7180\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">415<\/text><rect x=\"16\" y=\"132\" width=\"110.4\" height=\"15\" fill=\"#12303f\"\/><text x=\"133.4\" y=\"144\" font-size=\"11.5\" fill=\"#5b7180\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">105<\/text><text x=\"16\" y=\"172\" font-size=\"12.5\" font-weight=\"bold\" fill=\"#12303f\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">ASTM B160 \u00b7 N02200 rounds, cold worked (<= 25.4 mm)<\/text><rect x=\"16\" y=\"178\" width=\"578.4\" height=\"15\" fill=\"#7fa8bd\"\/><text x=\"601.4\" y=\"190\" font-size=\"11.5\" fill=\"#5b7180\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">550<\/text><rect x=\"16\" y=\"196\" width=\"436.4\" height=\"15\" fill=\"#12303f\"\/><text x=\"459.4\" y=\"208\" font-size=\"11.5\" fill=\"#5b7180\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">415<\/text><text x=\"16\" y=\"236\" font-size=\"12.5\" font-weight=\"bold\" fill=\"#12303f\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">ASTM B160 \u00b7 N02200 rounds, cold worked (25.4-102 mm)<\/text><rect x=\"16\" y=\"242\" width=\"541.6\" height=\"15\" fill=\"#7fa8bd\"\/><text x=\"564.6\" y=\"254\" font-size=\"11.5\" fill=\"#5b7180\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">515<\/text><rect x=\"16\" y=\"260\" width=\"362.8\" height=\"15\" fill=\"#12303f\"\/><text x=\"385.8\" y=\"272\" font-size=\"11.5\" fill=\"#5b7180\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">345<\/text><text x=\"16\" y=\"300\" font-size=\"12.5\" font-weight=\"bold\" fill=\"#12303f\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">ASTM B160 \u00b7 N02200 shapes, cold worked<\/text><rect x=\"16\" y=\"306\" width=\"473.2\" height=\"15\" fill=\"#7fa8bd\"\/><text x=\"496.2\" y=\"318\" font-size=\"11.5\" fill=\"#5b7180\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">450<\/text><rect x=\"16\" y=\"324\" width=\"289.2\" height=\"15\" fill=\"#12303f\"\/><text x=\"312.2\" y=\"336\" font-size=\"11.5\" fill=\"#5b7180\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">275<\/text><text x=\"16\" y=\"364\" font-size=\"12.5\" font-weight=\"bold\" fill=\"#12303f\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">ASTM B162 \u00b7 N02200 hot-rolled plate, annealed<\/text><rect x=\"16\" y=\"370\" width=\"399.6\" height=\"15\" fill=\"#7fa8bd\"\/><text x=\"422.6\" y=\"382\" font-size=\"11.5\" fill=\"#5b7180\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">380<\/text><rect x=\"16\" y=\"388\" width=\"105.2\" height=\"15\" fill=\"#12303f\"\/><text x=\"128.2\" y=\"400\" font-size=\"11.5\" fill=\"#5b7180\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">100<\/text><text x=\"16\" y=\"428\" font-size=\"12.5\" font-weight=\"bold\" fill=\"#12303f\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">ASTM B162 \u00b7 N02200 hot-rolled plate, as-rolled<\/text><rect x=\"16\" y=\"434\" width=\"399.6\" height=\"15\" fill=\"#7fa8bd\"\/><text x=\"422.6\" y=\"446\" font-size=\"11.5\" fill=\"#5b7180\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">380<\/text><rect x=\"16\" y=\"452\" width=\"142.0\" height=\"15\" fill=\"#12303f\"\/><text x=\"165.0\" y=\"464\" font-size=\"11.5\" fill=\"#5b7180\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">135<\/text><text x=\"16\" y=\"492\" font-size=\"12.5\" font-weight=\"bold\" fill=\"#12303f\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">ASTM B162 \u00b7 N02200 cold-rolled sheet and strip, annealed<\/text><rect x=\"16\" y=\"498\" width=\"399.6\" height=\"15\" fill=\"#7fa8bd\"\/><text x=\"422.6\" y=\"510\" font-size=\"11.5\" fill=\"#5b7180\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">380<\/text><rect x=\"16\" y=\"516\" width=\"105.2\" height=\"15\" fill=\"#12303f\"\/><text x=\"128.2\" y=\"528\" font-size=\"11.5\" fill=\"#5b7180\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">100<\/text><text x=\"16\" y=\"556\" font-size=\"12.5\" font-weight=\"bold\" fill=\"#12303f\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">ASTM B162 \u00b7 N02200 cold-rolled sheet and strip, hard<\/text><rect x=\"16\" y=\"562\" width=\"652.0\" height=\"15\" fill=\"#7fa8bd\"\/><text x=\"675.0\" y=\"574\" font-size=\"11.5\" fill=\"#5b7180\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">620<\/text><rect x=\"16\" y=\"580\" width=\"504.8\" height=\"15\" fill=\"#12303f\"\/><text x=\"527.8\" y=\"592\" font-size=\"11.5\" fill=\"#5b7180\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">480<\/text><text x=\"16\" y=\"620\" font-size=\"12.5\" font-weight=\"bold\" fill=\"#12303f\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">ASTM B160 \u00b7 N02201 bar, annealed (comparison)<\/text><rect x=\"16\" y=\"626\" width=\"362.8\" height=\"15\" fill=\"#7fa8bd\"\/><text x=\"385.8\" y=\"638\" font-size=\"11.5\" fill=\"#5b7180\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">345<\/text><rect x=\"16\" y=\"644\" width=\"73.6\" height=\"15\" fill=\"#12303f\"\/><text x=\"96.6\" y=\"656\" font-size=\"11.5\" fill=\"#5b7180\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">70<\/text><text x=\"16\" y=\"684\" font-size=\"12.5\" font-weight=\"bold\" fill=\"#12303f\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">ASTM B162 \u00b7 N02201 plate\/sheet\/strip, annealed (comparison)<\/text><rect x=\"16\" y=\"690\" width=\"362.8\" height=\"15\" fill=\"#7fa8bd\"\/><text x=\"385.8\" y=\"702\" font-size=\"11.5\" fill=\"#5b7180\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">345<\/text><rect x=\"16\" y=\"708\" width=\"84.1\" height=\"15\" fill=\"#12303f\"\/><text x=\"107.1\" y=\"720\" font-size=\"11.5\" fill=\"#5b7180\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">80<\/text><\/svg><\/div>\n<div style=\"padding:12px 12px 2px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\"><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"overflow-x:auto;position:relative;z-index:2;\">\n<table style=\"width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:13.5px;min-width:430px;background:transparent;\">\n<tr>\n<th style=\"padding:7px 9px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:#12303f;background:#F2F6F8;border:1px solid #eceff1;\">Condition<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding:7px 9px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:#12303f;background:#F2F6F8;border:1px solid #eceff1;\">Hardness<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding:7px 9px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:#12303f;background:#F2F6F8;border:1px solid #eceff1;\">Yield MPa<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding:7px 9px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:#12303f;background:#F2F6F8;border:1px solid #eceff1;\">Tensile MPa<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding:7px 9px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:#12303f;background:#F2F6F8;border:1px solid #eceff1;\">Elongation<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">ASTM B160 \u00b7 N02200 bar, annealed<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">\u2014<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">105<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">380<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">40%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">ASTM B160 \u00b7 N02200 bar, hot worked<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">\u2014<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">105<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">415<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">35%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">ASTM B160 \u00b7 N02200 rounds, cold worked (<= 25.4 mm)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">\u2014<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">415<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">550<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">10%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">ASTM B160 \u00b7 N02200 rounds, cold worked (25.4-102 mm)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">\u2014<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">345<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">515<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">15%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">ASTM B160 \u00b7 N02200 shapes, cold worked<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">\u2014<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">275<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">450<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">25%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">ASTM B162 \u00b7 N02200 hot-rolled plate, annealed<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">\u2014<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">100<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">380<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">40%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">ASTM B162 \u00b7 N02200 hot-rolled plate, as-rolled<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">\u2014<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">135<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">380<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">30%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">ASTM B162 \u00b7 N02200 cold-rolled sheet and strip, annealed<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">\u2014<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">100<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">380<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">40%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">ASTM B162 \u00b7 N02200 cold-rolled sheet and strip, hard<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">\u2014<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">480<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">620<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">2%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">ASTM B160 \u00b7 N02201 bar, annealed (comparison)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">\u2014<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">70<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">345<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">40%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">ASTM B162 \u00b7 N02201 plate\/sheet\/strip, annealed (comparison)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">\u2014<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">80<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">345<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">40%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"padding:6px 14px 12px;font-size:12px;color:#5b7180;line-height:1.7;border-top:1px solid #f0f3f5;position:relative;z-index:2;\"><b style=\"color:#12303f;\">All rows are SPECIFICATION MINIMUMS and are for room temperature. Because N02200 is not precipitation hardenable, the rows are split by PRODUCT FORM and TEMPER (annealed, hot worked, cold worked, hard), not by ageing condition. N02201 (Nickel 201) rows are included for comparison; the two alloys sit in the same ASTM specification on separate rows. The ksi values are those given in the specification text; the MPa values are the specification&#8217;s own bracketed equivalents.<\/b> All rows are specification minimums, not producer typical values. The two must not be mixed. The N02201 rows are for comparison only; they do not apply to a Nickel 200 order. The hardness columns are empty: no single numerical HRB\/HB value could be confirmed in four independent sources.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><!-- \/dm-diy-sert --><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 12px;font-size:15px;line-height:1.75;\">The values below are the ones <b>a designer may use<\/b>. They are lower than anything a mill will actually ship. Most supplier pages blur this distinction, and <b>designing to a typical range as though it were a minimum is a real error<\/b>.<\/p>\n<div style=\"border:1px solid #d7dfe4;background:#ffffff;margin:24px 0 18px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\">\n<div style=\"background:#DD3333;color:#ffffff;font-size:13px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.04em;text-transform:uppercase;padding:10px 12px;line-height:1.35;\">ASTM B162 \u2014 Plate, Sheet, Strip \u00b7 N02200 Minima<\/div>\n<p><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<table style=\"border-collapse:collapse;width:100%;font-size:15px;line-height:1.5;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\">Hot-rolled plate, <b>as-rolled<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">Tensile <b>380 MPa<\/b> (55 ksi) \u00b7 Yield (0.2%) <b>135 MPa<\/b> (20 ksi) \u00b7 Elongation <b>30%<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\">Hot-rolled plate, <b>annealed<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">Tensile <b>380 MPa<\/b> \u00b7 Yield <b>100 MPa<\/b> (15 ksi) \u00b7 Elongation <b>40%<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\">Hot-rolled sheet, annealed<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">Tensile <b>380 MPa<\/b> \u00b7 Yield <b>100 MPa<\/b> \u00b7 Elong. 40%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\">Cold-rolled sheet and strip, annealed<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">Tensile <b>380 MPa<\/b> \u00b7 Yield <b>100 MPa<\/b> \u00b7 Elong. 40%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\">Cold-rolled, <b>quarter-hard<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">Hardness <b>HRB 70\u201380<\/b> (no tensile\/yield stated)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\">Cold-rolled, <b>half-hard<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">Hardness <b>HRB 79\u201386<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\">Cold-rolled, <b>hard<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">Tensile <b>620 MPa<\/b> (90 ksi) \u00b7 Yield <b>480 MPa<\/b> (70 ksi) \u00b7 Elongation <b>2%<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\"><b>Thin-gauge reductions<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">Sheet\/strip 0.010\u20130.049 in. \u2192 elongation min <b>30%<\/b> \u00b7 0.050\u20130.109 in. \u2192 <b>35%<\/b> \u00b7 <b>yield requirements do not apply below 0.020 in.<\/b> (single-sourced)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>Deep-drawing quality<\/b> (B162 Table 4)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">N02200 sheet 0.024\u20130.125 in. \u2192 max grain <b>0.110 mm<\/b> (ASTM G.S. 3.5), max <b>HRB 64<\/b> \u00b7 strip 0.005\u20130.010 in. \u2192 max grain <b>0.025 mm<\/b> (G.S. 7.5), max <b>HRB 70<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"border:1px solid #d7dfe4;background:#ffffff;margin:24px 0 18px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\">\n<div style=\"background:#DD3333;color:#ffffff;font-size:13px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.04em;text-transform:uppercase;padding:10px 12px;line-height:1.35;\">ASTM B161 \u2014 Seamless Pipe and Tube \u00b7 N02200 Minima<\/div>\n<p><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<table style=\"border-collapse:collapse;width:100%;font-size:15px;line-height:1.5;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>Annealed<\/b>, OD \u22645 in. (127 mm)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">Tensile <b>380 MPa<\/b> (55 ksi) \u00b7 Yield <b>105 MPa<\/b> (15 ksi) \u00b7 Elongation <b>35%<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\"><b>Annealed<\/b>, OD >5 in.<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">Tensile <b>380 MPa<\/b> \u00b7 Yield <b>~80 MPa<\/b> \u00b7 Elong. <b>40%<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>Stress-relieved<\/b>, all sizes<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">Tensile <b>450 MPa<\/b> (65 ksi) \u00b7 Yield <b>275 MPa<\/b> (40 ksi) \u00b7 Elongation <b>15%<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\"><b>Source-integrity warning<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">Two independent mirrors of B161 give <b>the same six numbers but swap the condition labels<\/b> (one calls 65\/40\/15 &#8220;annealed&#8221;, the other &#8220;stress-relieved&#8221;). The reading above is the metallurgically consistent one \u2014 annealed must be the <b>soft<\/b> condition \u2014 and it matches the mill&#8217;s typical tubing data. <b>Confirm against the live standard before publishing<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\">Mandatory testing<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>Hydrostatic test<\/b> on every tube \u2265\u215b in. OD with wall \u22650.015 in., <b>and<\/b> a <b>nondestructive electric test<\/b> on every tube per B829<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\"><b>Which condition to order<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\"><b>Annealed<\/b> for bending, flanging and U-tube fabrication. <b>Stress-relieved<\/b> when you need the higher allowable stress and will not form the part further<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"border:1px solid #d7dfe4;background:#ffffff;margin:24px 0 18px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\">\n<div style=\"background:#DD3333;color:#ffffff;font-size:13px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.04em;text-transform:uppercase;padding:10px 12px;line-height:1.35;\">ASTM B160 \u2014 Rod and Bar \u00b7 N02200 Minima (single-sourced; verify)<\/div>\n<p><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<table style=\"border-collapse:collapse;width:100%;font-size:15px;line-height:1.5;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>Cold-worked<\/b>, rounds \u22641 in. (25.4 mm)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">Tensile <b>550 MPa<\/b> (80 ksi) \u00b7 Yield <b>415 MPa<\/b> (60 ksi) \u00b7 Elongation <b>10%<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\"><b>Cold-worked<\/b>, rounds >1\u20134 in.<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">Tensile <b>515 MPa<\/b> \u00b7 Yield <b>345 MPa<\/b> \u00b7 Elong. 15%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>Cold-worked<\/b>, squares\/hex\/rectangles<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">Tensile <b>450 MPa<\/b> \u00b7 Yield <b>275 MPa<\/b> \u00b7 Elong. 25%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\"><b>Hot-worked<\/b>, all sections and sizes<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">Tensile <b>415 MPa<\/b> \u00b7 Yield <b>105 MPa<\/b> \u00b7 Elong. 35%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>Annealed<\/b>, all sizes<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">Tensile <b>380 MPa<\/b> \u00b7 Yield <b>105 MPa<\/b> \u00b7 Elong. 40%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<p style=\"margin:18px 0 6px;font-size:15px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;line-height:1.5;\">Typical (mill) properties \u2014 NOT design minima<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 12px;font-size:15px;line-height:1.75;\"><b>Nickel 200, room temperature, typical ranges<\/b> (MPa): rod\/bar hot-finished <b>415\u2013585<\/b> tensile \/ <b>105\u2013310<\/b> yield \u00b7 rod\/bar cold-drawn <b>450\u2013760<\/b> \/ <b>275\u2013690<\/b> \u00b7 rod\/bar annealed <b>380\u2013520<\/b> \/ <b>105\u2013210<\/b> \u00b7 plate hot-rolled <b>380\u2013690<\/b> \/ <b>140\u2013550<\/b> \u00b7 plate hot-rolled + annealed <b>380\u2013550<\/b> \/ <b>105\u2013275<\/b> \u00b7 sheet annealed <b>380\u2013520<\/b> \/ <b>105\u2013210<\/b> \u00b7 sheet hard <b>620\u2013795<\/b> \/ <b>480\u2013725<\/b> \u00b7 strip spring temper <b>620\u2013895<\/b> \/ <b>480\u2013795<\/b> \u00b7 tubing annealed <b>380\u2013520<\/b> \/ <b>85\u2013210<\/b> \u00b7 tubing stress-relieved <b>450\u2013760<\/b> \/ <b>275\u2013620<\/b> \u00b7 wire annealed <b>380\u2013580<\/b> \/ <b>105\u2013345<\/b> \u00b7 wire spring temper <b>860\u20131000<\/b> \/ <b>725\u2013930<\/b>. <b>European mill typical annealed values:<\/b> Rp0.2 <b>100 MPa<\/b>, Rp1.0 125 MPa, Rm <b>370 MPa<\/b>, A <b>40%<\/b>, hardness <b>&lt;130 HBW<\/b>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 12px;font-size:15px;line-height:1.75;\"><b>One thing not to publish:<\/b> the mill bulletin&#8217;s typical <b>hardness<\/b> rows for rod and bar are labelled HRB but contain values above 100 HRB (e.g. &#8220;HRB 140\u2013230&#8221;). Those are almost certainly Brinell\/Vickers numbers in the wrong column. <b>Re-check them before publishing any of those hardness figures.<\/b><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:18px 0 6px;font-size:15px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;line-height:1.5;\">Cryogenic behaviour \u2014 the alloy&#8217;s quiet advantage<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 12px;font-size:15px;line-height:1.75;\">Nickel 200 is <b>FCC austenitic from absolute zero to melting<\/b> and has <b>no ductile-to-brittle transition<\/b>. At <b>\u2212255 \u00b0C (\u2212423 \u00b0F): 60% elongation, 70% reduction of area<\/b>; at <b>\u2212185 \u00b0C (\u2212300 \u00b0F): 690 MPa (100 ksi) tensile, 53% elongation<\/b>. Charpy V-notch: hot-rolled <b>163 J<\/b> \u00b7 cold-drawn + stress-relieved <b>204 J<\/b> \u00b7 cold-drawn + annealed <b>228 J<\/b>.<\/p>\n<h4 id=\"dm-b4\" style=\"font-size:19px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;margin:30px 0 10px;line-height:1.35;\">Physical Properties \u2014 and Magnetism<\/h4>\n<div style=\"border:1px solid #d7dfe4;background:#ffffff;margin:24px 0 18px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\">\n<div style=\"background:#DD3333;color:#ffffff;font-size:13px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.04em;text-transform:uppercase;padding:10px 12px;line-height:1.35;\">Physical Properties \u00b7 Nickel 200<\/div>\n<p><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<table style=\"border-collapse:collapse;width:100%;font-size:15px;line-height:1.5;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>Thermal conductivity @20 \u00b0C<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>70.3 W\/m\u00b7K<\/b> (four independent publishers cluster at 70\u201371). That is roughly <b>4\u20135\u00d7 austenitic stainless<\/b> and about <b>1.4\u00d7 carbon steel<\/b> \u2014 the real reason nickel is chosen for evaporator tubing, heating-element leads, battery tabs and electronic lead-throughs<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\"><b>Outlier warning<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">One publisher gives <b>44 W\/m\u00b7K<\/b> (306 Btu\u00b7in\/ft\u00b2\u00b7h\u00b7\u00b0F) for Nickel 200, against four publishers at 70\u201371. <b>44 W\/m\u00b7K is an error \u2014 do not use it<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\">Conductivity vs temperature<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">Not constant: it <b>falls to a minimum of 55.4 W\/m\u00b7K near 400 \u00b0C<\/b> and then rises again (500 \u00b0C: 57.6 \u00b7 600\u20131100 \u00b0C: 59.7\u201368.2). The kink is the Curie transition<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\">Electrical resistivity @20 \u00b0C<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\"><b>0.096 \u00b5\u03a9\u00b7m<\/b> (9.6 \u00b5\u03a9\u00b7cm) \u00b7 about <b>18.2% IACS<\/b>. It climbs steadily with temperature: \u2212100 \u00b0C 0.050 \u00b7 200 \u00b0C 0.185 \u00b7 400 \u00b0C 0.330 \u00b7 600 \u00b0C 0.400 \u00b5\u03a9\u00b7m<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\">Density<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>8.89 g\/cm\u00b3<\/b> (0.321 lb\/in\u00b3)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\">Melting range<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\"><b>1435\u20131446 \u00b0C<\/b> (2615\u20132635 \u00b0F)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\">Specific heat @20 \u00b0C<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>456 J\/kg\u00b7K<\/b> (0.109 Btu\/lb\u00b7\u00b0F). Note that the specific-heat curve has <b>a distinct maximum at 358 \u00b0C<\/b> \u2014 the Curie transition<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\">Young&#8217;s modulus @RT<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\"><b>205 GPa<\/b> (29.7 \u00d7 10\u00b3 ksi). With temperature: 204 \u00b0C 195 \u00b7 316 \u00b0C 190 \u00b7 427 \u00b0C 183 \u00b7 538 \u00b0C 177 GPa<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\">Shear modulus \u00b7 Poisson&#8217;s ratio<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">79.6 GPa (11.55 \u00d7 10\u00b3 ksi) \u00b7 <b>0.29<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\">Thermal expansion<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">20\u2013100 \u00b0C <b>13.3 \u00d7 10\u207b\u2076 \/K<\/b> \u00b7 20\u2013300 \u00b0C 14.2 \u00b7 20\u2013500 \u00b0C 15.3 \u00b7 20\u2013700 \u00b0C ~15.8<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>Curie temperature<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>360 \u00b0C \/ 680 \u00b0F<\/b> \u2014 four independent publishers<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\"><b>Saturation flux density<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\"><b>0.61 T<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\">Magnetostriction<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">30 \u00d7 10\u207b\u2076 \u0394L\/L \u2014 this is an <b>application<\/b> (ultrasonic transducers), not a defect<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\"><b>Relative permeability (\u00b5r)<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\"><b>\u2014 no numeric value could be verified.<\/b> Treat a datasheet that hands you a figure with suspicion<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\">Structure<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>FCC austenite from absolute zero to melting.<\/b> No phase transformation, no hardening by quenching, no ductile-brittle transition. The ferromagnetism is <b>electronic, not a second phase<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 12px;font-size:15px;line-height:1.75;\"><b>The sentence your page needs about magnetism:<\/b> <b>below 360 \u00b0C it is magnetic; above 360 \u00b0C it is not.<\/b> Note how close that transition sits to the 200\u2192201 switch-over (300\u2013315 \u00b0C): <b>a Nickel 200 part running at its temperature limit is also close to its magnetic transition<\/b>, with both its magnetic and its thermal properties changing there. This <b>disqualifies<\/b> the material from MRI, magnetometer and some instrumentation service.<\/p>\n<h4 id=\"dm-b5\" style=\"font-size:19px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;margin:30px 0 10px;line-height:1.35;\">Welding<\/h4>\n<div style=\"border:1px solid #d7dfe4;background:#ffffff;margin:24px 0 18px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\">\n<div style=\"background:#DD3333;color:#ffffff;font-size:13px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.04em;text-transform:uppercase;padding:10px 12px;line-height:1.35;\">Welding \u00b7 Nickel 200<\/div>\n<p><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<table style=\"border-collapse:collapse;width:100%;font-size:15px;line-height:1.5;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\">Applicable processes<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">GTAW\/TIG, GMAW\/MIG, SMAW\/MMA, plasma; also <b>resistance spot welding, brazing and soldering<\/b>. <b>Oxyacetylene IS applicable to Nickel 200<\/b> \u2014 but is <b>explicitly not applicable<\/b> to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/en\/nikel-201\/\">Nickel 201<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\">Bare wire<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\"><b>AWS A5.14 ERNi-1<\/b> \/ UNS <b>N02061<\/b> \/ EN ISO 18274 <b>S Ni 2061 (NiTi3)<\/b> \u00b7 W.Nr. <b>2.4155<\/b> at one European mill<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\">Covered electrode<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>AWS A5.11 ENi-1<\/b> \/ UNS <b>W82141<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\"><b>What the wire is<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\"><b>ERNi-1 is not pure nickel: it carries Ti 2.0\u20133.5% (typically 3%)<\/b> \u2014 its EN designation literally reads &#8220;NiTi3&#8221;. Typical: Ni \u226593 (typ. 96), C \u22640.15 (typ. &lt;0.02), Al \u22641.5 (typ. 0.1), Mn \u22641.0 (typ. 0.4). The ENi-1 covered electrode deposits <b>Ti ~1.60%<\/b>, C 0.01%, Mn 0.50%, Al 0.12%, Ni ~95%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>Why the titanium<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>Deoxidation.<\/b> Molten nickel dissolves oxygen and nitrogen readily and rejects them as gas on freezing \u2014 <b>pure nickel filler produces a weld full of porosity<\/b>. Titanium, with aluminium and manganese, ties them up as stable oxides and nitrides. Nitrogen is the harsher one: &#8220;<b>even 0.025% nitrogen will form pores<\/b>&#8220;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\"><b>Never do this<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\"><b>Never substitute pure nickel wire (e.g. Nickel 200 wire itself) as filler<\/b> \u2014 it has no deoxidiser and the weld will be porous. For the same reason <b>autogenous (no-filler) TIG<\/b> is a bad idea on anything but the thinnest section<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\">Preheat<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>Not required<\/b> \u2014 except to bring the metal to room\/shop temperature so moisture does not condense on it<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\">Maximum interpass<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\"><b>175 \u00b0C<\/b> is widely used; <b>one base-metal producer is more conservative and recommends a maximum of 95 \u00b0C<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\">Maximum heat input<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">Automatic TIG-HD <b>6 kJ\/cm<\/b> \u00b7 manual\/mechanised TIG and GMAW <b>8 kJ\/cm<\/b> \u00b7 plasma <b>10 kJ\/cm<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\">Technique<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\"><b>Stringer beads<\/b>, low heat input, minimal weaving<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\">Shielding gas<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">TIG: pure Ar or <b>Ar + max 3% H\u2082<\/b> (another source gives 1\u20135% H\u2082) \u00b7 GMAW: Ar or Ar-He (e.g. ArHe30). <b>Root protection is mandatory<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\"><b>Joint angle<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\"><b>60\u201370\u00b0 included angle<\/b> \u2014 wider than steel. The reason: the nickel weld pool does not flow or penetrate. <b>Joints designed to steel practice under-fill<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\">Edge preparation<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>Mechanical preferred<\/b> \u2014 lathing, milling or planing rather than thermal cutting. Brushing immediately after welding, <b>while still warm and without additional pickling<\/b>, gives the best surface<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\"><b>PWHT<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\"><b>General service: not required<\/b> (&#8220;heat treatments are normally not required either before or after welding&#8221;). <b>Caustic service: 700\u2013705 \u00b0C, \u00bd hour per 25 mm, cooled at 90 \u00b0C\/h<\/b> \u2014 see heat treatment<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\">Sample parameters<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">3 mm manual TIG, 2.0 mm wire \u2014 root 90 A, fill 110\u2013120 A \u00b7 6 mm \u2014 root 100\u2013110 A, fill 120\u2013140 A \u00b7 8 mm \u2014 root 100\u2013110 A, fill 130\u2013140 A \u00b7 10 mm GMAW, 1.2\u20131.6 mm \u2014 130\u2013150 A, 6\u20137 m\/min wire feed<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\">Resistance spot welding<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">0.036 in. sheet, 890 N electrode force, ~10,000 A: 2 cycles \u2192 <b>5004 N<\/b> shear \u00b7 3 \u2192 5017 N \u00b7 4 \u2192 5204 N \u00b7 5 \u2192 <b>5693 N<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\">Dissimilar joints<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">To steel: the same 141\/61 pair \u00b7 to stainless: ENiCrFe-2, ENiCrFe-3 or ERNiCr-3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<p style=\"margin:18px 0 6px;font-size:15px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;line-height:1.5;\">Welding pitfalls \u2014 in order of how often they bite<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 12px;font-size:15px;line-height:1.75;\"><b>1. SULPHUR EMBRITTLEMENT \u2014 the number one killer.<\/b> The Ni\u2013S eutectic melts at <b>635 \u00b0C<\/b>, so any sulphur on the surface when the metal gets hot liquates the grain boundaries and cracks the joint or the HAZ. Sources: <b>cutting oil, grease, fingerprints, marking crayons and paints, sulphur-bearing fuels, rubber<\/b>. Also <b>lead, tin, zinc, bismuth, phosphorus and boron<\/b>. <b>The remedy:<\/b> &#8220;stainless steel wire brushing followed by thorough degreasing with a suitable solvent is <b>necessary before welding<\/b>&#8220;, and &#8220;<b>maximum cleanliness is required; tools that have been used for other materials may not be used for nickel alloys and stainless steels<\/b>&#8220;. Dedicated brushes, dedicated grinding wheels, no exceptions.<br \/><b>2. Porosity<\/b> \u2014 from an undeoxidised filler, from lost gas shielding, or from moisture. Covered electrodes: &#8220;excessive exposure of electrodes to humid conditions will cause some moisture pick-up and increase the risk of porosity&#8221;.<br \/><b>3. A sluggish, shallow-penetrating pool<\/b> \u2014 which is why the included angle is 60\u201370\u00b0.<br \/><b>4. Carburisation of Nickel 201<\/b> by oxyacetylene or a carbonaceous atmosphere \u2014 it turns your 201 into something that graphitises.<br \/><b>5. Weld-metal graphitisation is NOT a risk<\/b> \u2014 the filler is inherently low carbon. The risk is in the Nickel 200 base metal and HAZ.<\/p>\n<h4 id=\"dm-b6\" style=\"font-size:19px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;margin:30px 0 10px;line-height:1.35;\">Heat Treatment<\/h4>\n<p><!-- dm-diy-isil --><\/p>\n<div style=\"border:1px solid #e3e9ec;margin:22px 0 26px;background:#fff;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\">\n<div style=\"background:#12303f;color:#fff;padding:9px 14px;font-size:14px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.3px;position:relative;z-index:2;\">HEAT TREATMENT \u2014 SCHEMATIC<\/div>\n<div style=\"position:relative;z-index:2;\">\n<div style=\"padding:10px 12px 2px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\"><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"position:relative;z-index:2;\">\n<div style=\"font-size:13.5px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;margin:6px 0 6px;\">1 \u00b7 BOX (BATCH) ANNEALING \u2014 usual delivery condition<\/div>\n<table style=\"width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:13.5px;background:transparent;\">\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Step<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">1 \u00b7 BOX (BATCH) ANNEALING \u2014 usual delivery condition<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Summary<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">Recrystallises and softens cold-worked material. It gives no increase in strength; it is the standard delivery condition for corrosion service and general use.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Temperature<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">705-815 \u00b0C (1300-1500 \u00b0F) \u2014 Special Metals. Corrosion Materials gives the annealing band as 705-870 \u00b0C (1300-1600 \u00b0F). The common overlap of the two bands is 705-815 \u00b0C. Two independent sources give the band NUMERICALLY; no average has been taken.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Time<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">30 minutes to 3 hours (Special Metals). Corrosion Materials stresses the choice of time: time at temperature changes the mechanical properties and the structure appreciably.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Cooling<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">The cooling rate is NOT critical. Quenching is not required; it is used only to reduce surface oxide (Special Metals).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Resulting hardness<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">See the &#8216;hardness and strength&#8217; diagram for specification minimums. No single numerical annealed hardness value was found in four independent sources, so none is written.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"padding:10px 12px 2px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\"><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"position:relative;z-index:2;\">\n<div style=\"font-size:13.5px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;margin:6px 0 6px;\">2 \u00b7 CONTINUOUS ANNEALING<\/div>\n<table style=\"width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:13.5px;background:transparent;\">\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Step<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">2 \u00b7 CONTINUOUS ANNEALING<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Summary<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">Annealing on a continuous line. Higher temperature and much shorter time than box annealing.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Temperature<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">790-955 \u00b0C (1450-1750 \u00b0F) \u2014 Special Metals (single independent source).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Time<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">15-45 minutes (Special Metals).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Cooling<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">The cooling rate is not critical (Special Metals).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Resulting hardness<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">\u2014<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"padding:10px 12px 2px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\"><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"position:relative;z-index:2;\">\n<div style=\"font-size:13.5px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;margin:6px 0 6px;\">3 \u00b7 STRAND ANNEALING OF STRIP AND WIRE<\/div>\n<table style=\"width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:13.5px;background:transparent;\">\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Step<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">3 \u00b7 STRAND ANNEALING OF STRIP AND WIRE<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Summary<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">In-line annealing of strip and wire, on a scale of seconds.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Temperature<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">870-1040 \u00b0C (1600-1900 \u00b0F) \u2014 Special Metals (single independent source).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Time<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">From 5-10 minutes down to the order of seconds (Special Metals).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Cooling<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">The cooling rate is not critical (Special Metals).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Resulting hardness<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">\u2014<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"padding:10px 12px 2px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\"><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"position:relative;z-index:2;\">\n<div style=\"font-size:13.5px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;margin:6px 0 6px;\">4 \u00b7 HOT WORKING<\/div>\n<table style=\"width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:13.5px;background:transparent;\">\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Step<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">4 \u00b7 HOT WORKING<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Summary<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">Not a heat treatment; this is the forming temperature range. Heavy deformation is done in the upper part of the band.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Temperature<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">650-1230 \u00b0C (1200-2250 \u00b0F); heavy forming above 870 \u00b0C (1600 \u00b0F) \u2014 Corrosion Materials (single independent source).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Time<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">\u2014<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Cooling<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">\u2014<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Resulting hardness<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">\u2014<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"padding:10px 12px 2px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\"><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"position:relative;z-index:2;\">\n<div style=\"font-size:13.5px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;margin:6px 0 6px;\">5 \u00b7 CONDITION TO AVOID \u2014 service above 315 \u00b0C<\/div>\n<table style=\"width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:13.5px;background:transparent;\">\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Step<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">5 \u00b7 CONDITION TO AVOID \u2014 service above 315 \u00b0C<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Summary<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">Not a heat-treatment step but a forbidden region. The 0.15% carbon ceiling of Nickel 200 precipitates as graphite above 315 \u00b0C (600 \u00b0F) and embrittles the material. This limit is the same in five independent sources.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Temperature<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">315 \u00b0C (600 \u00b0F) \u2014 Special Metals, Corrosion Materials, Carpenter Technology (through High Temp Metals), Double Eagle Alloys. METALCOR describes the same phenomenon above 300 \u00b0C. Special Metals and Double Eagle Alloys give the band in which graphite actually precipitates as 425-650 \u00b0C (800-1200 \u00b0F); this NARROW BAND was found in only two independent sources, so it is written separately and has not been merged with the 315 \u00b0C limit.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Time<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">Prolonged exposure.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Cooling<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">\u2014<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Resulting hardness<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">\u2014<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"padding:10px 12px 2px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\"><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"position:relative;z-index:2;\">\n<div style=\"font-size:13.5px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;margin:6px 0 6px;\">6 \u00b7 NONE \u2014 SOLUTION TREATMENT PLUS AGEING<\/div>\n<table style=\"width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:13.5px;background:transparent;\">\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Step<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">6 \u00b7 NONE \u2014 SOLUTION TREATMENT PLUS AGEING<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Summary<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">N02200 is NOT PRECIPITATION HARDENABLE. There is NO solution treatment plus ageing step and none is applied. Strength rises only with cold work; if a precipitation-hardenable nickel-base material is wanted, Monel K-500 (N05500) or Inconel 718 (N07718) are separate materials.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Temperature<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">\u2014<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Time<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">\u2014<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Cooling<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">\u2014<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Resulting hardness<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">\u2014<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"padding:6px 14px 12px;font-size:12px;color:#5b7180;line-height:1.7;border-top:1px solid #f0f3f5;position:relative;z-index:2;\">The diagram is schematic; the time axis is NOT to scale. No published TTT\/CCT curve was used, so no curve is drawn. N02200 is commercially pure nickel and is NOT PRECIPITATION HARDENABLE \u2014 there is NO solution treatment plus ageing step, and the word &#8216;ageing&#8217; is not used for this alloy. Next to each step the number of independent sources that give the band numerically is stated. The diagram is schematic; the time axis is not to scale. The box annealing band comes from two independent sources; the continuous annealing, strand annealing and hot working bands each come from one source, and this is stated explicitly in the step text. The 315 \u00b0C limit and the 425-650 \u00b0C graphite precipitation band are TWO separate pieces of information and have not been merged.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><!-- \/dm-diy-isil --><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 12px;font-size:15px;line-height:1.75;\"><b>Neither grade is hardenable by heat treatment. Cold work is the only strengthening mechanism.<\/b> The structure is FCC austenite from absolute zero to melting \u2014 there is no transformation to exploit and no precipitate to age. <b>Anything sold as &#8220;heat-treated&#8221; or &#8220;hardened&#8221; Nickel 200 bar is cold-drawn, or cold-drawn and stress-equalised.<\/b> Ask for the <b>temper<\/b>, not a heat-treat condition.<\/p>\n<div style=\"border:1px solid #d7dfe4;background:#ffffff;margin:24px 0 18px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\">\n<div style=\"background:#DD3333;color:#ffffff;font-size:13px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.04em;text-transform:uppercase;padding:10px 12px;line-height:1.35;\">Heat Treatment \u00b7 Nickel 200<\/div>\n<p><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<table style=\"border-collapse:collapse;width:100%;font-size:15px;line-height:1.5;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>Annealing \u2014 sources disagree<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">US mill: overall <b>705\u2013925 \u00b0C<\/b>; batch <b>705\u2013815 \u00b0C, 30 min\u20133 h<\/b>; continuous <b>790\u2013955 \u00b0C, 15\u201345 min<\/b>; strand <b>870\u20131040 \u00b0C<\/b>, seconds to 10 min \u00b7 European mill: <b>700\u2013850 \u00b0C<\/b> \u00b7 a third source: open annealing <b>815\u2013925 \u00b0C<\/b>, closed annealing <b>705\u2013760 \u00b0C<\/b>. <b>Do not average them; state which source you are working to<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\">Dead-soft anneal<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\"><b>\u22651 h above 925 \u00b0C<\/b> \u2192 <b>HRB 20\u201340<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\">Target grain size<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>0.025\u20130.10 mm<\/b> (ASTM G.S. 7\u00bd\u20133\u00bd)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\">Atmosphere and quench<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\"><b>A sulphur-free environment is essential.<\/b> Water with 2% alcohol for partial oxide reduction; dry hydrogen or dissociated ammonia preferred for bright annealing, partially burned natural gas acceptable<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>Stress relieving<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>480\u2013705 \u00b0C<\/b> \u2014 removes residual stress without recrystallisation<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\"><b>Low-tension anneal<\/b> (European)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\"><b>550\u2013650 \u00b0C, 30 min\u20133 h<\/b> \u2014 &#8220;in this temperature range the material <b>does not recrystallize<\/b>&#8220;. This is a <b>post-forming<\/b> treatment<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>Caustic-service PWHT<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>700\u2013705 \u00b0C, \u00bd h per 25 mm, cooled at 90 \u00b0C\/h<\/b> \u2014 <b>a separate treatment<\/b>, a safeguard against corrosion cracking in caustic service<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\"><b>Embrittlement window 1<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\"><b>425\u2013650 \u00b0C, prolonged \u2192 graphitisation.<\/b> <b>Nickel 200 only<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>Embrittlement window 2<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>Above 315 \u00b0C in a sulphur-bearing atmosphere \u2192 intergranular sulphur embrittlement.<\/b> <b>BOTH grades<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\"><b>Embrittlement window 3<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\"><b>Any temperature<\/b> in contact with molten Pb, Sn, Zn, Bi \u2192 liquid-metal embrittlement. <b>BOTH grades<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\">Hot working<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">US mill <b>650\u20131230 \u00b0C<\/b>, heavy forging above 870 \u00b0C, hot bending 870\u20131230 \u00b0C, &#8220;<b>avoid heating above 1230 \u00b0C<\/b>&#8221; \u00b7 European mill, narrower and more conservative: <b>800\u20131200 \u00b0C<\/b>. Rapid cooling after hot forming is not required; a <b>post-hot-form heat treatment is recommended<\/b> for optimal corrosion performance<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\">Cold working<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">All conventional methods. &#8220;The alloy will behave similarly to mild steel, except that, because of the higher elastic limit of Nickel 200, <b>greater power will be required<\/b>&#8220;. Work in the soft-annealed temper; <b>intermediate annealing<\/b> for severe reductions. Cold-rolled sheet bends further with the bend axis <b>perpendicular<\/b> to the rolling direction<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>The lubricant trap<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">Tallow, soap, <b>sulphur-based oil<\/b> and lard oil are recommended for cold forming \u2014 and the same document warns that sulphur embrittles. Both are true; <b>the missing step is that the lubricant must be completely removed before any heating, annealing or welding<\/b>. This is the commonest real-world route for sulphur to reach a nickel part<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<h4 id=\"dm-b7\" style=\"font-size:19px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;margin:30px 0 10px;line-height:1.35;\">Machining<\/h4>\n<div style=\"border:1px solid #d7dfe4;background:#ffffff;margin:24px 0 18px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\">\n<div style=\"background:#DD3333;color:#ffffff;font-size:13px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.04em;text-transform:uppercase;padding:10px 12px;line-height:1.35;\">Machining \u00b7 Nickel 200<\/div>\n<p><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<table style=\"border-collapse:collapse;width:100%;font-size:15px;line-height:1.5;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>Best condition<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>Cold-drawn<\/b> \u2014 as-drawn or stress-relieved. &#8220;Chip action is <b>substantially better with material in the harder tempers<\/b>&#8221; \u00b7 &#8220;<b>cold-drawn material is recommended<\/b> for best machinability and smoothest finish&#8221;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\"><b>Worst condition<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\"><b>Annealed and hot-worked<\/b> \u2014 &#8220;quite <b>gummy<\/b>&#8220;; the material &#8220;tends to <b>flow under pressure of the tool cutting edge and form long stringy chips<\/b>&#8220;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\">Turning speed (HSS, 45 HRB)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>50\u201360 sfm<\/b> at 0.250 in. depth of cut \u00b7 <b>170\u2013200 sfm<\/b> at 0.050 in.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\">Feeds<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">Roughing <b>0.030 in.\/rev<\/b> \u00b7 finishing <b>0.008 in.\/rev<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\">Tool material<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">HSS <b>T-5<\/b> (rough), <b>M-36<\/b> (finish); or cast alloy; carbide for higher speeds<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\"><b>Rake angle \u2014 sources disagree<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">One source: back rake <b>0\u00b0 roughing, 8\u00b0 finishing<\/b>, end\/side relief 6\u20138\u00b0, nose radius 0.013\u20130.062 in. \u00b7 The mill bulletin: &#8220;<b>very high positive rake angles; 40\u00b0 to 45\u00b0 rake angles have been used<\/b>&#8220;. <b>These are different rake conventions (back rake versus side\/true rake); publish both, labelled, rather than reconciling them<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\">Cutting fluid<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">Sulphurised mineral oil, or water-base at high speed<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\"><b>The core rule<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\"><b>Sharp tools, positive rake, sufficient feed and depth of cut, never let the tool rub<\/b> \u2014 &#8220;to <b>cut<\/b> the metal rather than <b>push<\/b> it&#8221;. Why: nickel is FCC with low stacking-fault energy, so a dull tool or a light rubbing pass strain-hardens the surface layer and <b>the next pass cuts a harder material<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\">One mill&#8217;s dissent<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">&#8220;Since the material has a propensity for work hardening, a <b>low cutting speed<\/b> should be selected and the cutting tool should <b>stay engaged at all times<\/b>&#8220;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\"><b>\u26a0 Critical<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\"><b>Sulphurised cutting oil must be completely removed before welding or any heating<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<h4 id=\"dm-b8\" style=\"font-size:19px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;margin:30px 0 10px;line-height:1.35;\">Corrosion \u2014 Where It Is Strong and Where It Is Not<\/h4>\n<p><!-- dm-diy-kars --><\/p>\n<div style=\"border:1px solid #e3e9ec;margin:22px 0 26px;background:#fff;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\">\n<div style=\"background:#12303f;color:#fff;padding:9px 14px;font-size:14px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.3px;position:relative;z-index:2;\">COMPARISON<\/div>\n<div style=\"position:relative;z-index:2;\">\n<div style=\"padding:10px 14px 0;font-size:12.5px;color:#5b7180;line-height:1.7;\">Within the same product family there is only one distinction: the CARBON CEILING and the maximum service temperature that follows from it. The carbon ceilings come from ASTM B160 and B162 Table 1; the temperature limits from five independent producer and distributor sources; the mechanical minimums from ASTM B162 Table 2. Both grades are commercially pure nickel and NEITHER is precipitation hardenable.<\/div>\n<div style=\"padding:12px 12px 2px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\"><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"overflow-x:auto;position:relative;z-index:2;\">\n<table style=\"width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:13.5px;min-width:430px;background:transparent;\">\n<tr>\n<th style=\"padding:7px 9px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:#12303f;background:#F2F6F8;border:1px solid #eceff1;\">Grade<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding:7px 9px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:#12303f;background:#F2F6F8;border:1px solid #eceff1;\">UNS<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding:7px 9px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:#12303f;background:#F2F6F8;border:1px solid #eceff1;\">W.-Nr.<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding:7px 9px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:#12303f;background:#F2F6F8;border:1px solid #eceff1;\">EN designation<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding:7px 9px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:#12303f;background:#F2F6F8;border:1px solid #eceff1;\">Carbon ceiling<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding:7px 9px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:#12303f;background:#F2F6F8;border:1px solid #eceff1;\">Maximum service temperature<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding:7px 9px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:#12303f;background:#F2F6F8;border:1px solid #eceff1;\">Annealed plate tensile MPa<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding:7px 9px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:#12303f;background:#F2F6F8;border:1px solid #eceff1;\">Annealed plate yield MPa<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding:7px 9px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:#12303f;background:#F2F6F8;border:1px solid #eceff1;\">Reason<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding:7px 9px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:#12303f;background:#F2F6F8;border:1px solid #eceff1;\">Source<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">Nickel 200<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">N02200<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">2.4066 (Special Metals also 2.4060)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">(S-)Ni99.6 \u2014 producer designation Nickel 99.2<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">0.15% max (ASTM B160 and B162)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">315 \u00b0C (600 \u00b0F)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">380<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">100<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">The higher carbon precipitates as graphite on prolonged exposure above 315 \u00b0C and weakens the grain boundaries. In exchange, the specification minimums are higher than those of N02201.<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">ASTM B160, ASTM B162, Special Metals, Corrosion Materials, Carpenter Technology (through High Temp Metals), Double Eagle Alloys<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">Nickel 201<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">N02201<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">2.4068 (Special Metals also 2.4061)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">LC-Ni99 (low-carbon nickel)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">0.02% max (ASTM B160 and B162)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">This is the grade used for service above 315 \u00b0C. Special Metals gives the continuous service ceiling as 677 \u00b0C (1250 \u00b0F) and Corrosion Materials gives 677 \u00b0C (1250 \u00b0F) under ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code Section VIII Division 1; this CEILING was found in two independent sources, not in five as the 315 \u00b0C limit was.<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">345<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">80<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">Because the carbon is held to 0.02%, no graphite precipitates and the material does not embrittle at high temperature. The price is lower specification minimums.<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">ASTM B160, ASTM B162, Special Metals, Corrosion Materials, METALCOR, High Performance Alloys<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"padding:10px 12px 2px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\"><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"position:relative;z-index:2;\">\n<div style=\"font-size:13.5px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;margin:6px 0 6px;\">Additional information<\/div>\n<table style=\"width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:13.5px;background:transparent;\">\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Tek kritik fark<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">The ONLY critical difference between Nickel 200 and Nickel 201 is the carbon ceiling: 0.15% against 0.02%. The nickel, iron, copper, manganese, silicon and sulfur limits are IDENTICAL in the two grades (ASTM B160 and B162 Table 1). This difference decides the material above 315 \u00b0C because of graphite precipitation and embrittlement; below that temperature it only changes the specification minimums.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Siparis notu<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">Most of the material on the market is DUAL CERTIFIED to N02200\/N02201. Dual-certified material has carbon below 0.02%; it is in effect Nickel 201 and does NOT meet the higher Nickel 200 specification minimums. If the Nickel 200 mechanical minimums are required, dual-certified material must not be accepted.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"padding:6px 14px 12px;font-size:12px;color:#5b7180;line-height:1.7;border-top:1px solid #f0f3f5;position:relative;z-index:2;\">This diagram is built on the CARBON CEILING and the temperature limit, not on mechanical superiority; that is the only critical difference between the two grades. The 677 \u00b0C ceiling for Nickel 201 comes from two independent sources and the row says so explicitly. The carbon ceiling METALCOR gives for EN 2.4066 is 0.10%, which is not the same as the 0.15% of ASTM. This difference is recorded in the &#8216;conflicts&#8217; section.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><!-- \/dm-diy-kars --><\/p>\n<div style=\"border:1px solid #d7dfe4;background:#ffffff;margin:24px 0 18px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\">\n<div style=\"background:#DD3333;color:#ffffff;font-size:13px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.04em;text-transform:uppercase;padding:10px 12px;line-height:1.35;\">Nickel 200 \u00b7 Where It Is Outstanding<\/div>\n<p><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<table style=\"border-collapse:collapse;width:100%;font-size:15px;line-height:1.5;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>Caustic soda (NaOH)<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>The signature duty.<\/b> &#8220;<b>Excellent resistance to all concentrations up to and including the molten state.<\/b> Below 50%, rates are negligible, even in boiling solutions.&#8221; The mechanism is a <b>black protective nickel-oxide film<\/b> that forms in service and &#8220;results in a <b>marked decrease in corrosion rates over long exposure<\/b>&#8220;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\">Caustic \u2014 published envelope<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">Only <b>above 75% NaOH and near the boiling point<\/b> does the rate exceed 1 mpy (0.025 mm\/a). A worked example at 420\u2013445 \u00b0C in technical-grade flake caustic: <b>21 mpy<\/b> in the first 24 h while the film forms, falling to <b>2.8 mpy<\/b> (0.07 mm\/a) by the end of the week. 50% NaOH at 100 \u00b0C: <b>0.7 mpy<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\">Where nickel starts<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">Independent industry handbook: carbon steel max <b>49 \u00b0C (120 \u00b0F)<\/b>, 304L\/316L acceptable to <b>93 \u00b0C (200 \u00b0F)<\/b>, and &#8220;<b>at temperatures above 200 \u00b0F, nickel is typically used<\/b>&#8220;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\">Caustic potash, other alkalis<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">Same behaviour<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>Anhydrous HF<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">&#8220;<b>Excellent resistance<\/b>\u2026 even at elevated temperatures&#8221; \u2014 <b>anhydrous<\/b> HF, <b>not<\/b> aqueous concentrated HF (see below)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\">Dry chlorine<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">Nickel 201 is used for chlorination equipment up to <b>540 \u00b0C (1000 \u00b0F)<\/b>; suggested service limit <b>510 \u00b0C (950 \u00b0F)<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\">Dry HCl gas<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">Nickel 201 suggested limit <b>455 \u00b0C (850 \u00b0F)<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\">Fluorine<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">Forms a protective fluoride film; <b>Nickel 201 is preferred at elevated temperature<\/b>. Ni 201 rates: 400 \u00b0C <b>8.4 mpy<\/b> \u00b7 450 \u00b0C 22.8 \u00b7 500 \u00b0C 61.2 \u00b7 <b>600 \u00b0C 348<\/b> \u00b7 700 \u00b0C 408 mpy<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\">Distilled and hot water<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>&lt;0.01 mpy<\/b> distilled \u00b7 <b>&lt;0.02 mpy<\/b> to 95 \u00b0C<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\">Reducing acids<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">Provided they are <b>non-aerated<\/b>: 30% HCl at room temperature is satisfactory \u00b7 H\u2082SO\u2084 near room temperature \u00b7 non-aerated organic acids<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>Flowing seawater<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">Excellent even at high velocity \u2014 but <b>not stagnant<\/b> (see below)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\"><b>Chloride SCC<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\"><b>Resistant \/ immune<\/b> \u2014 a key advantage over austenitic stainless<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\">Sodium hypochlorite<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">Max <b>500 ppm<\/b> available chlorine continuous (0.8 mpy); up to 3 g\/L intermittent with rinsing. 35 ppm \u2192 0.1 mpy \u00b7 100 ppm \u2192 0.3 mpy<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\">Atmospheric<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">Rural <b>0.0085 mpy<\/b> (20-year) \u00b7 industrial city 0.144 mpy \u00b7 heavy industrial 0.222 mpy<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\">Phenol<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">Stored and transported in Nickel 200-clad steel tanks and tank cars<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\">Food and synthetic fibre<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\"><b>Widely used<\/b> \u2014 viscose\/rayon, food handling. <b>No formal approval could be verified<\/b> (see the FAQ)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"border:1px solid #d7dfe4;background:#ffffff;margin:24px 0 18px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\">\n<div style=\"background:#DD3333;color:#ffffff;font-size:13px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.04em;text-transform:uppercase;padding:10px 12px;line-height:1.35;\">Nickel 200 \u00b7 Where It Is NOT Suitable \u2014 Publish This Prominently<\/div>\n<p><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<table style=\"border-collapse:collapse;width:100%;font-size:15px;line-height:1.5;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>OXIDISING conditions generally<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>The single biggest category exclusion.<\/b> Nickel relies on a reducing environment or a stable oxide. In oxidising salt solutions &#8220;<b>strong corrosion can occur<\/b>&#8220;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\"><b>Nitric acid<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">&#8220;Should be used in nitric acid <b>only in solutions of up to 0.5% concentration at room temperature<\/b>.&#8221; Effectively: <b>do not use it in nitric<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\">Aerated sulphuric acid<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">&#8220;<b>Both aeration and increasing temperatures increase corrosion rates<\/b>&#8221; \u2014 restricted to non-aerated and near room temperature<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\"><b>AMMONIA \/ ammonium hydroxide<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">Resists <b>1%<\/b> ammonium hydroxide; &#8220;<b>stronger concentrations can cause rapid attack<\/b>&#8220;. A classic trap<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\">Sulphur-bearing atmospheres, hot<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>Intergranular sulphur embrittlement above 315 \u00b0C. Low carbon does not fix it.<\/b> Use <a href=\"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/en\/inconel-600\/\">Inconel 600<\/a> instead<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\">Oxidising chloride salts<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">Ferric, cupric and mercuric chloride are &#8220;<b>very corrosive and should be used with alloy 200 only in low concentrations<\/b>&#8220;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>Stagnant \/ low-velocity seawater<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">&#8220;<b>Severe local attack may occur<\/b>&#8221; \u2014 pitting under deposits. <b>Fine flowing, bad stagnant<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\"><b>Aqueous concentrated HF<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">Limited to <b>below 80 \u00b0C (180 \u00b0F)<\/b>; even at room temperature, 60\u201365% commercial-grade acid &#8220;<b>severely corrode[s] Nickel 200<\/b>&#8220;. <b>Anhydrous HF is fine; aqueous concentrated HF is not<\/b> \u2014 the distinction is routinely lost<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\">Commercial phosphoric acid<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">&#8220;<b>Limited usefulness<\/b>\u2026 they usually contain impurities such as fluorides and ferric salts that accelerate corrosion&#8221;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\">High-velocity hydrochloric acid<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">&#8220;Should be used <b>only with caution<\/b> when solutions are at high velocity&#8221;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>Caustic containing chlorates<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>Nickel 200 in 73\u201396% caustic: 260 mpy (6.60 mm\/a) with chlorates versus 1.5 mpy (0.038 mm\/a) without \u2014 a 170\u00d7 penalty.<\/b> &#8220;<b>Every effort should be made to remove as much of them as possible<\/b>&#8220;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\"><b>Caustic containing sulphides<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\"><b>Sodium sulphide in 75% NaOH: 22.8 mpy (0.58 mm\/a) versus 0.6 mpy (0.015 mm\/a) clean<\/b> \u2014 about 38\u00d7. The remedy: &#8220;<b>adding sufficient sodium peroxide to oxidize these sulfur compounds to sulfates<\/b>&#8220;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>Sour service (H\u2082S)<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">N02200 was <b>not found<\/b> in the NACE MR0175 \/ ISO 15156 nickel-alloy listing we fetched \u2014 <b>do not claim it<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<h4 id=\"dm-b9\" style=\"font-size:19px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;margin:30px 0 10px;line-height:1.35;\">Frequently Asked Questions<\/h4>\n<p style=\"margin:18px 0 6px;font-size:15px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;line-height:1.5;\">Nickel 200 or Nickel 201? At what temperature does the answer change, and what fails if I get it wrong?<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 12px;font-size:15px;line-height:1.75;\"><b>Order Nickel 200 for service below 315 \u00b0C (600 \u00b0F) and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/en\/nikel-201\/\">Nickel 201<\/a> above it.<\/b> One European mill sets its own switch-over at <b>300 \u00b0C (572 \u00b0F)<\/b>, so if your drawing is to W.Nr. 2.4066\/2.4068 rather than UNS, use <b>300 \u00b0C<\/b> as the design line. The only chemical difference is carbon: <b>0.15% max in 200, 0.02% max in 201<\/b>. At 0.15%, Nickel 200 is heavily <b>supersaturated<\/b> in carbon at service temperature. On prolonged exposure \u2014 fastest in the <b>425\u2013650 \u00b0C<\/b> band \u2014 that carbon precipitates at the grain boundaries as carbide and graphite, and the boundaries become <b>a continuous brittle film<\/b>. <b>The part does not lose section and it does not leak; it loses toughness<\/b>, then cracks under thermal shock, bolt-up or a pressure excursion. <b>Inspection will not find it before it fails, because nothing is corroding.<\/b> Getting it wrong the other way is merely expensive: Nickel 201 is softer (ASTM B162 minima <b>345 MPa tensile \/ 80 MPa yield<\/b> versus <b>380 \/ 100<\/b> for Nickel 200), so a vessel designed on 200&#8217;s allowables and built in 201 is <b>under-strength<\/b>. The commercial consequence is the ASME limit: under Section VIII Division 1, Nickel 200 is accepted to <b>315 \u00b0C<\/b> and Nickel 201 to <b>677 \u00b0C<\/b>. <b>Verify against Section II Part D before stamping<\/b> \u2014 we could not read that Code figure from the primary document.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:18px 0 6px;font-size:15px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;line-height:1.5;\">For caustic service, what heat treatment and stress relief must I specify, and why?<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 12px;font-size:15px;line-height:1.75;\"><b>Specify three things, not one.<\/b><br \/><b>First, the grade.<\/b> Below 95 \u00b0C carbon steel or <a href=\"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/en\/aisi-316l\/\">316L<\/a> will do; above 95 \u00b0C, nickel is the standard material. If the equipment runs <b>above 315 \u00b0C<\/b> \u2014 most final-effect evaporators, concentrators and molten-caustic service \u2014 it must be <b><a href=\"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/en\/nikel-201\/\">Nickel 201<\/a>, not 200<\/b>, because those are exactly the temperatures at which Nickel 200 graphitises.<br \/><b>Second, the delivery condition: annealed.<\/b> Nickel&#8217;s caustic resistance depends on a <b>black nickel-oxide film<\/b> that builds in service. In one documented test at 420\u2013445 \u00b0C the rate started at <b>21 mpy<\/b> while the film formed and settled at <b>2.8 mpy<\/b> within a week. You want a <b>clean, uniform, fully recrystallised surface<\/b> for that film to grow on.<br \/><b>Third, post-weld stress relief \u2014 and be precise, because two different treatments get called by the same name.<\/b> The caustic-specific anti-cracking treatment is <b>700\u2013705 \u00b0C for \u00bd hour per 25 mm of thickness, cooled at 90 \u00b0C per hour<\/b>. That is <b>not<\/b> the same as the <b>550\u2013650 \u00b0C low-tension anneal<\/b> used to take forming stresses out of cold-worked material, which deliberately stays below recrystallisation. One European mill&#8217;s position is that PWHT is not normally required for ordinary service \u2014 <b>so state &#8220;caustic service&#8221; on the purchase order or you will not get it<\/b>. <b>Do not average the two treatments, and do not let a 550 \u00b0C treatment be delivered against a caustic-service order.<\/b><br \/>Finally, <b>control the caustic itself<\/b>: chlorates take Nickel 200 in 73\u201396% NaOH from <b>1.5 to 260 mpy<\/b>; sodium sulphide takes it from <b>0.6 to 22.8 mpy<\/b> in 75% NaOH.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:18px 0 6px;font-size:15px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;line-height:1.5;\">We bought &#8220;non-magnetic nickel&#8221; and a magnet sticks to it \u2014 is it the wrong material?<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 12px;font-size:15px;line-height:1.75;\"><b>No. Nickel 200 and 201 are ferromagnetic at room temperature<\/b>, and this is not a footnote but a <b>material property<\/b>: <b>Curie temperature 360 \u00b0C \/ 680 \u00b0F<\/b>, <b>saturation flux density 0.61 T<\/b>. The misconception comes from generalising &#8220;nickel alloy = non-magnetic&#8221; out of experience with austenitic stainless and Inconel; <b>for commercially pure nickel that is simply wrong<\/b>. Three practical consequences. <b>(1) Below 360 \u00b0C it is magnetic, above it is not<\/b> \u2014 and note how close that transition sits to the 200\u2192201 switch-over (300\u2013315 \u00b0C): a Nickel 200 part at its temperature limit is also at the foot of its magnetic transition. The <b>distinct maximum in the specific-heat curve at 358 \u00b0C<\/b> and the kink in the thermal-conductivity curve in the 300\u2013400 \u00b0C region are traces of the same event. <b>(2) It is magnetostrictive<\/b> (30 \u00d7 10\u207b\u2076 \u0394L\/L) \u2014 not a defect but a genuine application: ultrasonic transducers. <b>(3) No heat treatment fixes it<\/b>; the material is FCC austenite from absolute zero to melting and the ferromagnetism is <b>electronic, not a second phase<\/b>. <b>What to do:<\/b> if the non-magnetic requirement is real, Nickel 200\/201 is <b>the wrong material<\/b> \u2014 for MRI, magnetometer and some instrumentation service consider <a href=\"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/en\/monel-k500\/\">Monel K-500<\/a> (permeability \u22481.001\u20131.002) or an austenitic grade. And do <b>not trust a datasheet that hands you a numeric permeability<\/b> for N02200 \u2014 four independent publishers give the Curie point and the saturation flux density, and <b>none gives a numeric \u00b5r<\/b>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:18px 0 6px;font-size:15px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;line-height:1.5;\">&#8220;ASTM B160 wire&#8221; and &#8220;FDA approved&#8221; \u2014 why are both of those a problem?<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 12px;font-size:15px;line-height:1.75;\"><b>Both are wrong, and both are everywhere.<\/b><br \/><b>ASTM B160 is not a wire specification.<\/b> It is titled &#8220;<b>Nickel Rod and Bar<\/b>&#8221; and its scope is &#8220;round, square, hexagonal, or rectangular <b>solid sections<\/b>&#8220;. <b>There is no ASTM wire specification for N02200\/N02201.<\/b> Even the mill bulletin lists wire only against <b>DIN 17753 \/ ISO 9724<\/b>. If a customer asks for ASTM-certified nickel wire, the honest answers are <b>DIN 17753<\/b>, <b>ISO 9724<\/b>, or a mill-standard chemistry certificate to <b>B160&#8217;s chemical table<\/b> \u2014 not &#8220;<b>B160 wire<\/b>&#8220;.<br \/><b>There is no FDA food-contact approval.<\/b> The FDA food-contact inventory lists &#8220;nickel&#8221; under <b>21 CFR 172.864, 176.180 and 184.1537<\/b> \u2014 but those provisions concern nickel as a <b>hydrogenation catalyst and food additive<\/b> (including Raney nickel), <b>not Nickel 200\/201 as an equipment construction material<\/b>. A distributor&#8217;s &#8220;used in food processing equipment&#8221; is an <b>application, not an approval<\/b>. <b>Do not put &#8220;FDA approved&#8221; on your page<\/b>; write &#8220;<b>widely used in food-processing and synthetic-fibre (viscose\/rayon) plant<\/b>&#8221; \u2014 that much is verified in three independent publishers. By the same logic, <b>do not quote QQ-N-281<\/b> for Nickel 200: that is the federal specification for the <b>nickel-COPPER alloy<\/b> (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/en\/monel-400\/\">Monel 400<\/a>, N04400) and has nothing to do with commercially pure nickel. We found no live federal or military specification for N02200\/N02201; if a customer asks for one, <b>say so rather than substituting another number<\/b>.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/dm-zengin --><\/p>\n<div class=\"dm-benzer\" style=\"margin:22px 0 0;padding:14px 16px;border:1px solid #e0e0e0;background:#FBFCFD;\">\n<p style=\"font-size:11px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.08em;text-transform:uppercase;color:#9aa3a8;margin:0 0 8px;line-height:1.4;\">Related grades<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0;font-size:15px;line-height:2;color:#333;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/en\/nikel-201\/\" style=\"color:#24BEE5;font-weight:600;text-decoration:none;\">Nickel 201<\/a> &nbsp;\u00b7&nbsp; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/en\/invar-36\/\" style=\"color:#24BEE5;font-weight:600;text-decoration:none;\">Invar 36<\/a> &nbsp;\u00b7&nbsp; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/en\/kovar\/\" style=\"color:#24BEE5;font-weight:600;text-decoration:none;\">Kovar<\/a> &nbsp;\u00b7&nbsp; Tungsten &nbsp;\u00b7&nbsp; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/en\/nickel-alloys\/\" style=\"color:#666;font-weight:600;text-decoration:none;\">All nickel alloys \u2192<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p><!-- dm-ld --><script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"name\":\"Nickel 200\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/en\/nikel-200\/\",\"inLanguage\":\"en\",\"description\":\"Nickel 200 (UNS N02200 \/ W.Nr. 2.4066 \/ \\\"Ni 99.2\\\") is commercially pure wrought nickel: Ni (+Co) \u226599.0%. Two things on this page deserve unusually careful reading. First, carbon.\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"name\":\"Defence Metal\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/\"},\"publisher\":{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"name\":\"Defence Metal\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/\"},\"mainEntity\":{\"@type\":\"DefinedTerm\",\"name\":\"Nickel 200\",\"description\":\"Nickel 200 (UNS N02200 \/ W.Nr. 2.4066 \/ \\\"Ni 99.2\\\") is commercially pure wrought nickel: Ni (+Co) \u226599.0%. Two things on this page deserve unusually careful reading. First, carbon.\",\"inDefinedTermSet\":{\"@type\":\"DefinedTermSet\",\"name\":\"Defence Metal - metals and alloys\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/\"},\"alternateName\":[\"UNS N02200\",\"W.Nr. 2.4066\"],\"identifier\":[{\"@type\":\"PropertyValue\",\"propertyID\":\"UNS\",\"value\":\"N02200\"},{\"@type\":\"PropertyValue\",\"propertyID\":\"Werkstoffnummer\",\"value\":\"2.4066\"}]}}<\/script><!-- \/dm-ld --><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Nickel 200 \/ (2.4060) \/ UNS N02200 DEFENCE METAL Nickel 200 UNS N02200 \u00b7 W.Nr. 2.4066 (Special Metals also lists 2.4060 for the same alloy) \u00b7 DIN\/EN designation (S-)Ni99.6; producer designation Nickel 99.2 \u00b7 Ni(+Co) 99.0% min \u2013 C 0.15% max \u2013 Cu 0.25% max \u2013 Fe 0.40% max \u2013 Mn 0.35% max \u2013 Si &hellip; <\/p>\n<p class=\"link-more\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/en\/nikel-200\/\" class=\"more-link\"><span class=\"screen-reader-text\"> &#8220;Nickel 200&#8221;<\/span>devam\u0131n\u0131 oku<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":3526,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_title":"NICKEL 200 \/ (2.4060) \/ UNS N02200 | Defence Metal","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Nickel 200 (UNS N02200, 2.4060) \u2014 commercially pure nickel, min 99% Ni, with high corrosion resistance and thermal and electrical conductivity.","inspiro_hide_title":false,"inspiro_hide_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"dm_sektor":[10,13,15],"class_list":["post-3567","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.5 - 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