{"id":3565,"date":"2026-09-16T11:00:28","date_gmt":"2026-09-16T08:00:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/en\/nikel-201\/"},"modified":"2026-09-25T16:28:35","modified_gmt":"2026-09-25T13:28:35","slug":"nikel-201","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/en\/nikel-201\/","title":{"rendered":"Nickel 201"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><!-- dm-hap --><\/p>\n<h1 class=\"dm-ust-baslik\" style=\"font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,'Segoe UI',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif !important;text-transform:none !important;font-size:27px;line-height:1.3;font-weight:800;color:#12303f;margin:0 0 10px;letter-spacing:-.01em;\">Nickel 201 \/ (2.4061) \/ UNS N02201 \/ AMS 5553<\/h1>\n<div style=\"border:1px solid #d7dfe4;background:#ffffff;margin:0 0 22px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\"><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"background:#12303f;padding:14px 16px 12px;position:relative;z-index:2;\">\n<div style=\"font-size:22px;font-weight:700;color:#fff;line-height:1.25;\">Nickel 201<\/div>\n<div style=\"font-family:ui-monospace,Menlo,Consolas,monospace;font-size:12.5px;color:#b9cfdb;line-height:1.5;margin-top:5px;word-wrap:break-word;\">UNS N02201 \u00b7 W.Nr. 2.4068 (Special Metals and VDM also list 2.4061 for the same alloy) \u00b7 EN\/DIN designation LC-Ni99 (low-carbon nickel); producer designation Nickel LC 99.2 \u00b7 Ni(+Co) 99.0% min \u2013 C 0.02% max \u2013 Cu 0.25% max \u2013 Fe 0.40% max \u2013 Mn 0.35% max \u2013 Si 0.35% max \u2013 S 0.010% max (ASTM B160 and ASTM B162 Table 1). It is commercially pure nickel; no strengthening alloying element is added. The ONLY compositional difference from Nickel 200 is the carbon ceiling.<\/div>\n<div data-dmkars-blok=\"1\" style=\"border-top:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.16);margin-top:13px;padding-top:11px;\">\n<div style=\"font-size:10px;letter-spacing:.09em;text-transform:uppercase;color:#7f9fb0;font-weight:700;margin-bottom:8px;\">Not to be confused with<\/div>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/2026\/09\/15\/nickel-200-nickel-201-difference\/\" data-dmkars=\"1\" style=\"display:inline-block;padding:4px 11px;border:1px solid rgba(36,190,229,.45);background:rgba(36,190,229,.12);border-radius:99px;margin:0 6px 6px 0;font-size:12.5px;font-weight:600;color:#9fe2f7;text-decoration:none;\">Nickel 200<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"position:relative;z-index:2;\">\n<div style=\"display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">\n<div style=\"flex:0 0 118px;padding:11px 14px;background:#F7FAFB;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:.09em;text-transform:uppercase;color:#6b8091;font-weight:600;line-height:1.5;\">For what<\/div>\n<div style=\"flex:1 1 230px;min-width:0;padding:11px 14px;font-size:14.5px;line-height:1.7;color:#3d5260;word-wrap:break-word;overflow-wrap:break-word;\">The low-carbon version of commercially pure nickel. It is NOT PRECIPITATION HARDENABLE; it takes its strength from cold work only and cannot be hardened by ageing. Because the carbon ceiling is lowered to 0.02%, graphite does not precipitate at the grain boundaries above 315 \u00b0C;<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">\n<div style=\"flex:0 0 118px;padding:11px 14px;background:#F7FAFB;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:.09em;text-transform:uppercase;color:#6b8091;font-weight:600;line-height:1.5;\">Forms<\/div>\n<div style=\"flex:1 1 230px;min-width:0;padding:11px 14px;font-size:14.5px;line-height:1.7;color:#3d5260;word-wrap:break-word;overflow-wrap:break-word;\">Round bar \u00b7 flat bar \u00b7 plate \u00b7 sheet \u00b7 strip \u00b7 tube and pipe (seamless and welded) \u00b7 wire \u00b7 forging. All forms are supplied to order.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">\n<div style=\"flex:0 0 118px;padding:11px 14px;background:#F7FAFB;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:.09em;text-transform:uppercase;color:#6b8091;font-weight:600;line-height:1.5;\">Standards<\/div>\n<div style=\"flex:1 1 230px;min-width:0;padding:11px 14px;font-size:14.5px;line-height:1.7;color:#3d5260;word-wrap:break-word;overflow-wrap:break-word;\"><b style=\"font-size:16.5px;font-weight:800;color:#12303f;\">AMS 5553<\/b> \u2014 sheet and strip; the SAE title is &#8216;Nickel, Sheet and Strip Low (0.02 max) Carbon Annealed&#8217;. Because the carbon ceiling is 0.02%, this specification belongs to Nickel 201. \u00b7 ASTM B160 \/ ASME SB-160 \u2014 rod and bar. \u00b7 ASTM B161 \/ ASME SB-161 \u2014 seamless pipe and tube. \u00b7 ASTM B162 \/ ASME SB-162 \u2014 plate, sheet and strip. \u00b7 ASTM B163 \/ ASME SB-163 \u2014 condenser and heat-exchanger tube. \u00b7 ASTM B725 \/ ASME SB-725 \u2014 welded pipe. \u00b7 ASTM B730 \/ ASME SB-730 \u2014 welded tube. \u00b7 ASTM B751, B775, B829 \u2014 general requirements for tubular products. \u00b7 ASTM B366 \/ ASME SB-366 \u2014 welded fittings. \u00b7 DIN 17740, 17750, 17751, 17752, 17753, 17754 \u00b7 ISO 6207, 6208, 9723, 9724, 9725 \u00b7 BS 3072, 3073, 3074, 3076 (NA12) \u00b7 VdTUV 345.<br \/><span style=\"font-size:12.5px;color:#7b8f9b;line-height:1.6;display:inline-block;margin-top:6px;\">ASTM B564 TRAP: the scope list of ASTM B564 (nickel alloy forgings) DOES include N02200 but DOES NOT include N02201. Many sales pages list Nickel 201 forgings under B564; that is wrong.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">\n<div style=\"flex:0 0 118px;padding:11px 14px;background:#F7FAFB;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:.09em;text-transform:uppercase;color:#6b8091;font-weight:600;line-height:1.5;\">Advantage<\/div>\n<div style=\"flex:1 1 230px;min-width:0;padding:11px 14px;font-size:14.5px;line-height:1.7;color:#3d5260;word-wrap:break-word;overflow-wrap:break-word;\">Lowering the carbon ceiling from 0.15% to 0.02% removes graphite precipitation at the grain boundaries above 315 \u00b0C and the embrittlement that follows from it.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">\n<div style=\"flex:0 0 118px;padding:11px 14px;background:#F7FAFB;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:.09em;text-transform:uppercase;color:#6b8091;font-weight:600;line-height:1.5;\">Welding<\/div>\n<div style=\"flex:1 1 230px;min-width:0;padding:11px 14px;font-size:14.5px;line-height:1.7;color:#3d5260;word-wrap:break-word;overflow-wrap:break-word;\">Filler metal: Special Metals Nickel Filler Metal 61 (gas tungsten arc and gas metal arc) and Nickel Welding Electrode 141 (shielded metal arc) \u2014 the same consumables as Nickel 200. The oxyacetylene process is NOT applicable to Nickel 201 (Special Metals). Preheat is not normally required;<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">\n<div style=\"flex:0 0 118px;padding:11px 14px;background:#fdeceb;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:.09em;text-transform:uppercase;color:#c0392b;font-weight:600;line-height:1.5;\">Limits<\/div>\n<div style=\"flex:1 1 230px;min-width:0;padding:11px 14px;font-size:14.5px;line-height:1.7;color:#3d5260;word-wrap:break-word;overflow-wrap:break-word;background:#fdeceb;\">NOT PRECIPITATION HARDENABLE: there is no solution treatment plus ageing step (nothing like H900 or H1025); strength rises only with cold work. \u00b7 SPECIFICATION MINIMUMS ARE LOWER THAN NICKEL 200: in ASTM B162, annealed plate, sheet and strip requires 345 MPa tensile and 80 MPa yield for N02201 against 380 MPa and 100 MPa for N02200.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"padding:14px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/en\/contact\/\" style=\"display:inline-block;padding:11px 20px;font-size:14px;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;margin:0 8px 6px 0;background:#dd3333;color:#ffffff;\">REQUEST A QUOTE<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/en\/nickel-alloys\/\" style=\"display:inline-block;padding:11px 20px;font-size:14px;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;margin:0 8px 6px 0;font-weight:600;border:1px solid #12303f;color:#12303f;\">All nickel alloys &rarr;<\/a><span data-dm=\"dm-teknik\" style=\"cursor:pointer;display:inline-block;padding:11px 20px;font-size:14px;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;margin:0 8px 6px 0;border:1px solid #dd3333;color:#dd3333;\">TECHNICAL DETAILS &darr;<\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"padding:9px 14px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-size:11.5px;color:#8a9aa4;line-height:1.5;\">Compiled from manufacturer data sheets \u00b7 confirm against the current specification before ordering<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><!-- \/dm-hap --><!-- dm-nav --><\/p>\n<style>h4[id^=\"dm-b\"]{scroll-margin-top:120px}#dm-teknik{scroll-margin-top:120px}<\/style>\n<div style=\"border:1px solid #d7dfe4;background:#ffffff;margin:0 0 22px;padding:12px 14px;\">\n<div style=\"font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:.09em;text-transform:uppercase;color:#6b8091;font-weight:600;margin-bottom:9px;\">On this page &middot; click to jump<\/div>\n<div><span data-dm=\"dm-b0\" style=\"cursor:pointer;display:inline-block;padding:5px 11px;border:1px solid #dfe6ea;background:#F7FAFB;margin:0 6px 7px 0;font-size:13px;color:#12303f;\">What Nickel 201 Is<\/span><span data-dm=\"dm-b1\" style=\"cursor:pointer;display:inline-block;padding:5px 11px;border:1px solid #dfe6ea;background:#F7FAFB;margin:0 6px 7px 0;font-size:13px;color:#12303f;\">The ASTM B564 Trap<\/span><span data-dm=\"dm-b2\" style=\"cursor:pointer;display:inline-block;padding:5px 11px;border:1px solid #dfe6ea;background:#F7FAFB;margin:0 6px 7px 0;font-size:13px;color:#12303f;\">Dual Certification 200\/201<\/span><span data-dm=\"dm-b3\" style=\"cursor:pointer;display:inline-block;padding:5px 11px;border:1px solid #dfe6ea;background:#F7FAFB;margin:0 6px 7px 0;font-size:13px;color:#12303f;\">The Caustic Evaporator<\/span><span data-dm=\"dm-b4\" style=\"cursor:pointer;display:inline-block;padding:5px 11px;border:1px solid #dfe6ea;background:#F7FAFB;margin:0 6px 7px 0;font-size:13px;color:#12303f;\">Minimum Mechanical Properties<\/span><span data-dm=\"dm-b5\" style=\"cursor:pointer;display:inline-block;padding:5px 11px;border:1px solid #dfe6ea;background:#F7FAFB;margin:0 6px 7px 0;font-size:13px;color:#12303f;\">Physical Properties<\/span><span data-dm=\"dm-b6\" style=\"cursor:pointer;display:inline-block;padding:5px 11px;border:1px solid #dfe6ea;background:#F7FAFB;margin:0 6px 7px 0;font-size:13px;color:#12303f;\">Welding<\/span><span data-dm=\"dm-b7\" style=\"cursor:pointer;display:inline-block;padding:5px 11px;border:1px solid #dfe6ea;background:#F7FAFB;margin:0 6px 7px 0;font-size:13px;color:#12303f;\">Heat Treatment<\/span><span data-dm=\"dm-b8\" style=\"cursor:pointer;display:inline-block;padding:5px 11px;border:1px solid #dfe6ea;background:#F7FAFB;margin:0 6px 7px 0;font-size:13px;color:#12303f;\">Corrosion<\/span><span data-dm=\"dm-b9\" style=\"cursor:pointer;display:inline-block;padding:5px 11px;border:1px solid #dfe6ea;background:#F7FAFB;margin:0 6px 7px 0;font-size:13px;color:#12303f;\">Frequently Asked Questions<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><script>(function(){function go(id){var e=document.getElementById(id);if(e){var s=document.scrollingElement||document.documentElement;var y=e.getBoundingClientRect().top+s.scrollTop-118;if(y-0-0-0-0!==y){y=0;}window.scrollTo(0,y);}}function bind(el){el.addEventListener(\"click\",function(ev){ev.preventDefault();go(el.getAttribute(\"data-dm\"));});}function init(){var l=document.querySelectorAll(\"[data-dm]\");Array.prototype.forEach.call(l,bind);if(location.hash){if(location.hash.indexOf(\"#dm-\")===0){try{history.replaceState(null,\"\",location.pathname+location.search);}catch(e){}window.scrollTo(0,0);setTimeout(function(){window.scrollTo(0,0);},80);}}}if(document.readyState===\"loading\"){document.addEventListener(\"DOMContentLoaded\",init);}else{init();}})();<\/script><!-- \/dm-nav --><br \/>\n<span id=\"dm-teknik\" style=\"display:block;height:0;overflow:hidden;\"><\/span><br \/>\nNickel 201, also known as Alloy 201, is a commercially pure nickel material. Very close to Nickel 200, it is the low-carbon version of that grade \u2014 the same kind of carbon difference that separates 316 and 316L among stainless steels. Its UNS designation is N02201 and it consists of at least 99% nickel.<\/p>\n<p>It is also designated 2.4061 and 2.4068. Because Alloy 201 contains less carbon than Alloy 200, it is the better choice for cold worked parts and for parts that need a softer surface. A higher carbon content also lowers corrosion resistance, as it does in stainless steels, so the lower-carbon Nickel 201 has slightly better corrosion resistance than Nickel 200. Its low-carbon structure is also why Alloy 201 is preferred over Nickel 200 in service above 315 \u00b0C.<\/p>\n<p>The applications of Alloy 201 closely mirror those of Alloy 200. Used in demanding service, it is the choice where corrosion resistance is the first priority and where the temperature exceeds 315 \u00b0C. Among its many uses, electronic components are another common application area.<\/p>\n<div style=\"border:1px solid #d7dfe4;background:#ffffff;margin:24px 0 18px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\">\n<div style=\"background:#DD3333;color:#ffffff;font-size:13px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.04em;text-transform:uppercase;padding:10px 12px;line-height:1.35;\">Chemical Composition \u00b7 Nickel 201 (2.4061 \u2013 2.4068)<\/div>\n<p><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<table style=\"border-collapse:collapse;width:100%;font-size:15px;line-height:1.5;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\">Ni+Co<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">min 99.0%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\">Fe<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">max 0.40%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\">C<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">max 0.02%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\">Mn<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">max 0.35%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\">Si<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">max 0.35%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\">S<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">max 0.01%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\">Cu<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">max 0.25%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"border:1px solid #d7dfe4;background:#ffffff;margin:24px 0 18px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\">\n<div style=\"background:#DD3333;color:#ffffff;font-size:13px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.04em;text-transform:uppercase;padding:10px 12px;line-height:1.35;\">Mechanical Properties at Room Temperature<\/div>\n<p><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<table style=\"border-collapse:collapse;width:100%;font-size:15px;line-height:1.5;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\">Density (specific gravity)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">8890 kg\/m\u00b3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\">Melting Temperature<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">1435 \u2013 1446 \u00b0C<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"dm-std\" style=\"border:1px solid #d7dfe4;background:#ffffff;margin:24px 0 18px;\">\n<div style=\"background:#DD3333;color:#ffffff;font-size:13px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.04em;text-transform:uppercase;padding:10px 12px;line-height:1.35;\">Standards and Equivalents \u00b7 Nickel 201<\/div>\n<div data-dmtw=\"1\" style=\"position:relative;overflow:hidden;\"><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"position:relative;z-index:2;overflow-x:auto;\">\n<table style=\"border-collapse:collapse;width:100%;font-size:15px;line-height:1.5;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\">Trade name<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">Nickel 201<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\">UNS<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">N02201<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\">W.Nr (DIN\/EN)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">2.4061 \u00b7 2.4068<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\">AMS<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">5553<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\">Available forms<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">Round bar \u00b7 Flat bar \u00b7 Plate \u00b7 Sheet \u00b7 Tube \u00b7 Forgings<br \/><span style=\"font-size:13px;color:#6b7a84;\">All forms are supplied to order.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><!-- dm-zengin --><\/p>\n<h4 id=\"dm-b0\" style=\"font-size:19px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;margin:30px 0 10px;line-height:1.35;\">What Nickel 201 Is \u2014 and Why It Is a Separate Grade<\/h4>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 12px;font-size:15px;line-height:1.75;\">Nickel 201 (UNS <b>N02201<\/b> \/ W.Nr. <b>2.4068<\/b> \/ &#8220;LC-Ni 99&#8221;) is the <b>low-carbon<\/b> sibling of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/en\/nikel-200\/\">Nickel 200<\/a>. Under the ASTM\/ASME system the two grades are <b>chemically identical in every element except carbon<\/b>: Ni (+Co) \u226599.0%, Cu \u22640.25%, Fe \u22640.40%, Mn \u22640.35%, Si \u22640.35%, S \u22640.010% \u2014 and <b>C: \u22640.15% in 200, \u22640.02% in 201<\/b>. That is the only difference, and it is the difference between <b>315 \u00b0C and 677 \u00b0C<\/b> under ASME Section VIII Division 1. <b>362 \u00b0C for a 0.13% carbon difference<\/b> \u2014 which is why 201 costs more.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 12px;font-size:15px;line-height:1.75;\"><b>The mechanism is solubility.<\/b> Carbon&#8217;s solubility in nickel is about 0.2% at 1300 \u00b0C and falls to roughly 0.03% towards 315 \u00b0C. <b>Nickel 200 at 0.15% C is heavily supersaturated at service temperature<\/b>; <b>Nickel 201 at 0.02% C is at or below saturation and has nothing to precipitate.<\/b> <i>(The numeric solubility figures could not be verified in a primary document; the mechanism is verified, so do not publish the numbers as sourced.)<\/i> The mill states it plainly: &#8220;<b>Nickel 201 is not subject to embrittlement by intergranularly precipitated carbon or graphite when held at temperatures of 600 to 1400 \u00b0F (315 to 760 \u00b0C).<\/b>&#8220;<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 12px;font-size:15px;line-height:1.75;\"><b>But this is the most important sentence on the page:<\/b> low carbon solves <b>graphitisation<\/b>; it does <b>not<\/b> solve <b>sulphur embrittlement<\/b>. Writing about Nickel 201 itself, the mill states that &#8220;the material is subject to <b>intergranular embrittlement by sulfur compounds at temperatures above 600 \u00b0F (315 \u00b0C)<\/b>&#8220;. The Ni\u2013S eutectic melts at <b>635 \u00b0C<\/b>. The consequence is the mill&#8217;s own recommendation: <b>in high-temperature caustic applications where sulphur is present, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/en\/inconel-600\/\">Inconel 600<\/a> is used rather than Nickel 201.<\/b><\/p>\n<div style=\"border:1px solid #d7dfe4;background:#ffffff;margin:24px 0 18px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\">\n<div style=\"background:#DD3333;color:#ffffff;font-size:13px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.04em;text-transform:uppercase;padding:10px 12px;line-height:1.35;\">Standards by Product Form \u00b7 Nickel 201 (N02201 \/ 2.4068)<\/div>\n<p><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<table style=\"border-collapse:collapse;width:100%;font-size:15px;line-height:1.5;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\">Plate \u00b7 sheet \u00b7 strip<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">ASTM <b>B162<\/b> \/ ASME SB-162 \u2014 the scope text explicitly reads &#8220;<b>rolled nickel (UNS N02200) and low-carbon nickel (UNS N02201)<\/b> plate, sheet, and strip&#8221;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\">Rod and bar<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">ASTM <b>B160<\/b> \/ SB-160 \u2014 N02200, <b>N02201<\/b> and N02211<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\">Seamless pipe and tube<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">ASTM <b>B161<\/b> \/ SB-161<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\">Condenser \u00b7 heat-exchanger tube<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">ASTM <b>B163<\/b> \/ SB-163 \u2014 \u22643 in. OD, wall \u22640.148 in.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\">Welded pipe<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">ASTM <b>B725<\/b> \/ SB-725 \u2014 its title <b>names N02201<\/b> explicitly<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\">Welded tube<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">ASTM <b>B730<\/b> \/ SB-730<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\">Fittings<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">ASTM <b>B366<\/b> \/ SB-366 \u2014 the standard itself is verified; N02201&#8217;s inclusion could be verified <b>only at distributor level<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\"><b>FORGINGS<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\"><b>ASTM B564 does NOT cover N02201.<\/b> This is the most commercially valuable finding on this page \u2014 see the section below<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\">Aerospace, 201 only<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">SAE <b>AMS 5553<\/b> \u2014 &#8220;Nickel, Sheet and Strip, <b>Low (0.02 max) Carbon<\/b>, Annealed&#8221;; current revision <b>AMS5553J<\/b>. <b>This specification is for N02201 only<\/b> and cannot be used for 200<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\">General requirements<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\"><b>B829<\/b> (seamless pipe\/tube) \u00b7 <b>B751<\/b> (welded tube) \u00b7 <b>B775\/B775M<\/b> (welded pipe) \u2014 companion documents<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>Wire<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>There is NO ASTM wire specification<\/b> (B160 is &#8220;Rod and Bar&#8221;). The routes are <b>DIN 17753<\/b> or <b>ISO 9724<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\">Welding consumables<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\"><b>Same as Nickel 200<\/b>: bare wire <b>AWS A5.14 ERNi-1<\/b> (N02061, EN ISO 18274 S Ni 2061 \/ NiTi3) \u00b7 covered electrode <b>AWS A5.11 ENi-1<\/b> (W82141). The filler is inherently low-carbon and is <b>not subject to graphite precipitation<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\">Europe<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">W.Nr. <b>2.4068<\/b>. <b>A naming divergence:<\/b> one mill calls it &#8220;LC-Nickel 99.2&#8221;, two other sources call it &#8220;<b>LC-Ni 99<\/b>&#8220;. <b>2.4061 = LC-Ni 99.6<\/b> is a <b>separate, purer<\/b> grade with no UNS equivalent<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\">DIN \u00b7 ISO \u00b7 BS<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">DIN 17740\/17750\/17751\/17752\/17753\/17754 \u00b7 ISO 6208\/6207\/9723\/9724\/9725 \u00b7 BS <b>NA12<\/b>. <b>The DIN numbers are historic<\/b>; current EN replacements could not be verified \u2014 quote <b>W.Nr. plus ASTM<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>ASME temperature limit<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>Section VIII Div. 1: 1250 \u00b0F (677 \u00b0C)<\/b> in five publishers. <b>There is disagreement:<\/b> one publisher gives 1230 \u00b0F, another 1200 \u00b0F (the latter is a proprietary variant&#8217;s page and reads as an application limit, not a Code limit). <b>The majority is 1250 \u00b0F by 5:1:1<\/b> \u2014 but Section II Part D is paywalled and we could not read it. <b>Verify before stamping a Code number<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\"><b>Do NOT claim<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\"><b>ASME Section I<\/b> (power boiler) \u2014 unverified \u00b7 <b>NACE MR0175 \/ ISO 15156<\/b> \u2014 N02201 is not in the listing we fetched \u00b7 <b>FDA food-contact approval<\/b> \u2014 there is none<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<h4 id=\"dm-b1\" style=\"font-size:19px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;margin:30px 0 10px;line-height:1.35;\">The ASTM B564 Trap \u2014 the Most Expensive Paperwork Error<\/h4>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 12px;font-size:15px;line-height:1.75;\"><b>ASTM B564, &#8220;Nickel Alloy Forgings,&#8221; does not cover UNS N02201.<\/b> In two independent publishers quoting the scope paragraph, the grades are listed as <b>N02200, N04400, N06600, N06603, N06690, N06625, N06219, N10276, N06022<\/b> and some thirty others \u2014 <b>N02201 does not appear<\/b>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 12px;font-size:15px;line-height:1.75;\"><b>Where the error comes from:<\/b> the mill&#8217;s own bulletin prints its specification table under a combined &#8220;<b>Nickel 200 and 201<\/b>&#8221; heading with &#8220;Forgings: ASTM B564 \/ ASME SB-564&#8221; on a single line. That is <b>true for 200 and not for 201<\/b> \u2014 and everyone downstream copied the table without splitting it. The result: <b>Nickel 201 forgings and B564 flanges are routinely advertised against a specification that does not contain the grade.<\/b><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 12px;font-size:15px;line-height:1.75;\"><b>The caveat we must state honestly:<\/b> we could not open the B564-22 full text (403), and ASTM&#8217;s own page 404&#8217;d. This finding rests on <b>two publishers quoting the scope<\/b>, not on the standard itself. <b>Confirm against the live standard before publishing it<\/b> \u2014 but it is the most commercially valuable finding in this material and it is very likely correct.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 12px;font-size:15px;line-height:1.75;\"><b>If you need low-carbon nickel forgings, the routes are:<\/b> <b>(1)<\/b> buy a B564 <b>N02200<\/b> forging with a <b>supplementary purchase-order restriction of C \u22640.02%<\/b> and have the mill certificate show it; or <b>(2)<\/b> forge from <b>B160<\/b> bar and certify to B160&#8217;s N02201 chemistry and mechanicals. <b>Either way, the specification called on the certificate must be one that actually contains the grade.<\/b><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 12px;font-size:15px;line-height:1.75;\"><b>Two related traps from the same table:<\/b> <b>ASTM B160 is &#8220;Nickel Rod and Bar&#8221; \u2014 it is not a wire specification<\/b>, so &#8220;B160 wire&#8221; cannot be certified; wire goes to <b>DIN 17753<\/b> or <b>ISO 9724<\/b>. And <b>B163 is seamless condenser and heat-exchanger tube while B366 is fittings<\/b>; several suppliers publish &#8220;B163 \u2014 fittings&#8221;, which is simply wrong. One serious distributor prints &#8220;<b>B5643 \/ SB5643<\/b>&#8221; in both its web page and its PDF datasheet \u2014 <b>there is no such standard<\/b>, which shows how little these tables are checked.<\/p>\n<h4 id=\"dm-b2\" style=\"font-size:19px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;margin:30px 0 10px;line-height:1.35;\">Dual Certification 200\/201 \u2014 Legitimate, But It Proves Less Than Buyers Think<\/h4>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 12px;font-size:15px;line-height:1.75;\"><b>It is legitimate, and it is the normal commercial condition of plate.<\/b> Suppliers write that &#8220;Nickel 200 (UNS N02200) and 201 (UNS N02201) plate are <b>dual-certifiable<\/b> wrought nickel materials&#8221;. The general principle is uncontroversial too: carbon-limit-based dual certification is &#8220;<b>the most common legitimate form<\/b>&#8220;, and it has been standard practice since AOD refinement eliminated the cost differential.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 12px;font-size:15px;line-height:1.75;\"><b>The test a heat must pass is two-sided, and the second half is the one people forget:<\/b> <b>(1)<\/b> carbon <b>\u22640.02%<\/b> (meets N02201), <b>AND<\/b> <b>(2)<\/b> the mechanical properties must meet <b>N02200&#8217;s higher minimums<\/b> \u2014 <b>380 MPa tensile and 100 MPa yield<\/b>, not 201&#8217;s 345\/80. <b>That second condition is the real constraint, because low carbon makes the metal softer.<\/b> A heat at 0.02% C that only makes 360 MPa is <b>a legitimate Nickel 201 and is not dual-certifiable<\/b>.<\/p>\n<div style=\"border:1px solid #d7dfe4;background:#ffffff;margin:24px 0 18px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\">\n<div style=\"background:#DD3333;color:#ffffff;font-size:13px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.04em;text-transform:uppercase;padding:10px 12px;line-height:1.35;\">Dual Certification \u00b7 What It Proves and What It Does Not<\/div>\n<p><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<table style=\"border-collapse:collapse;width:100%;font-size:15px;line-height:1.5;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>What it proves<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">That the plate has <b>C \u22640.02%<\/b> \u2014 so it is <b>graphitisation-resistant<\/b> and may be used to 201&#8217;s temperature limits \u2014 and that it is <b>strong enough to be designed using 200&#8217;s allowable stresses<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\"><b>What it does not 1<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\"><b>It does not upgrade the ASME temperature limit by itself.<\/b> If the vessel is stamped as <b>SB-162 N02200<\/b>, the Code limit that applies is <b>N02200&#8217;s<\/b>. To design above it you must <b>specify and stamp the material as N02201<\/b>. <b>The certificate is not the design basis; the material designation on the U-1A is<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>What it does not 2<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>It does not exist for every product form.<\/b> Plate is routinely dual-certified. <b>ASTM B564 forgings cannot be dual-certified to 201 at all<\/b> \u2014 N02201 is not in B564<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\"><b>What it does not 3<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\"><b>It does not mean &#8220;better in all respects&#8221;.<\/b> Dual-certified plate sits at the <b>soft end of the 200 range<\/b>. If the designer picked 200 for its <b>higher yield<\/b>, stock at 0.02% C will still <b>pass<\/b> but will sit near the minimum<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>What it does not 4<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">It says nothing about <b>sulphur embrittlement resistance<\/b>, nor about the <b>anneal \/ stress-relief condition<\/b> that caustic service needs<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<h4 id=\"dm-b3\" style=\"font-size:19px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;margin:30px 0 10px;line-height:1.35;\">The Caustic Evaporator \u2014 What 201 Is Really For<\/h4>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 12px;font-size:15px;line-height:1.75;\"><b>The caustic answer and the temperature answer are the same answer.<\/b> Caustic evaporators \u2014 final-effect evaporators, concentrators and molten-caustic pots \u2014 are the classic duty that runs <b>above<\/b> the 315 \u00b0C line. One source says it directly: for above 315 \u00b0C (600 \u00b0F) &#8220;<b>the recommended material is low carbon grade Nickel alloy 201<\/b>&#8220;. So <b>201 is the caustic-evaporator grade because caustic evaporators are hot<\/b> \u2014 and a graphitised 200 tube sheet in an evaporator is <b>a brittle tube sheet<\/b>.<\/p>\n<div style=\"border:1px solid #d7dfe4;background:#ffffff;margin:24px 0 18px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\">\n<div style=\"background:#DD3333;color:#ffffff;font-size:13px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.04em;text-transform:uppercase;padding:10px 12px;line-height:1.35;\">Caustic Service \u00b7 The Numbers and the Two Poisons<\/div>\n<p><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<table style=\"border-collapse:collapse;width:100%;font-size:15px;line-height:1.5;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\">Base behaviour<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">&#8220;<b>Excellent resistance to all concentrations up to and including the molten state.<\/b> Below 50%, rates are negligible, even in boiling solutions.&#8221; The mechanism is a <b>black nickel-oxide film<\/b> that forms in service<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\">Published envelope (201)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">Only <b>above 75% NaOH and near the boiling point<\/b> does the rate exceed 1 mpy (0.025 mm\/a)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\">Worked example<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">420\u2013445 \u00b0C in technical-grade flake caustic: <b>21 mpy (0.53 mm\/a)<\/b> in the first 24 h while the film forms, falling to <b>2.8 mpy (0.07 mm\/a)<\/b> by the end of the week. 50% NaOH at 100 \u00b0C: <b>0.7 mpy (0.018 mm\/a)<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\">Where nickel starts<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">Independent industry handbook: carbon steel max <b>49 \u00b0C<\/b>, 304L\/316L to <b>93 \u00b0C<\/b>, and &#8220;<b>at temperatures above 200 \u00b0F, nickel is typically used<\/b>&#8220;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>Poison 1 \u2014 chlorates<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>Nickel 200 in 73\u201396% caustic: 260 mpy (6.60 mm\/a) with chlorates versus 1.5 mpy (0.038 mm\/a) without \u2014 170\u00d7.<\/b> &#8220;<b>Every effort should be made to remove as much of them as possible.<\/b>&#8221; One mill gives the mechanism: chlorate &#8220;<b>promotes corrosion attacks through chloride formation<\/b>&#8220;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\"><b>Poison 2 \u2014 oxidisable sulphur<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\"><b>Sodium sulphide in 75% NaOH: 22.8 mpy (0.58 mm\/a) versus 0.6 mpy (0.015 mm\/a) clean<\/b> \u2014 about 38\u00d7. The remedy: &#8220;<b>adding sufficient sodium peroxide to oxidize these sulfur compounds to sulfates<\/b>&#8220;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>Delivery condition<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>Annealed.<\/b> You want a <b>clean, uniform, fully recrystallised surface<\/b> for the protective film to grow on<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\"><b>Caustic PWHT<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\"><b>700\u2013705 \u00b0C, \u00bd h per 25 mm of thickness, cooled at 90 \u00b0C\/h<\/b> \u2014 the standard safeguard against corrosion cracking in caustic service<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>Sources disagree<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">One European mill states that &#8220;<b>heat treatments are normally not required either before or after welding<\/b>&#8221; and offers an optional <b>550\u2013650 \u00b0C, 30 min\u20133 h<\/b> low-tension anneal \u2014 a range in which &#8220;<b>the material does not recrystallize<\/b>&#8220;. <b>These are NOT the same treatment.<\/b> 700\u2013705 \u00b0C is the caustic-specific anti-cracking treatment; 550\u2013650 \u00b0C is a general forming stress relief. <b>Do not average them, and do not let a 550 \u00b0C treatment be delivered against a caustic-service order<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<h4 id=\"dm-b4\" style=\"font-size:19px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;margin:30px 0 10px;line-height:1.35;\">Minimum Mechanical Properties \u2014 Why 201 Is Softer<\/h4>\n<p><!-- dm-diy-sert --><\/p>\n<div style=\"border:1px solid #e3e9ec;margin:22px 0 26px;background:#fff;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\">\n<div style=\"background:#12303f;color:#fff;padding:9px 14px;font-size:14px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.3px;position:relative;z-index:2;\">STRENGTH VALUES<\/div>\n<div style=\"position:relative;z-index:2;\">\n<div style=\"padding:12px 10px 0;\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 740 674\" style=\"width:100%;height:auto;display:block;\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" role=\"img\"><rect x=\"16\" y=\"6\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"#12303f\"\/><text x=\"34\" y=\"16\" font-size=\"11.5\" fill=\"#12303f\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">Yield (MPa)<\/text><rect x=\"146\" y=\"6\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"#7fa8bd\"\/><text x=\"164\" y=\"16\" font-size=\"11.5\" fill=\"#12303f\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">Tensile (MPa)<\/text><text x=\"16\" y=\"44\" font-size=\"12.5\" font-weight=\"bold\" fill=\"#12303f\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">ASTM B160 \u00b7 N02201 rod and bar, annealed<\/text><rect x=\"16\" y=\"50\" width=\"542.0\" height=\"15\" fill=\"#7fa8bd\"\/><text x=\"565.0\" y=\"62\" font-size=\"11.5\" fill=\"#5b7180\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">345<\/text><rect x=\"16\" y=\"68\" width=\"110.0\" height=\"15\" fill=\"#12303f\"\/><text x=\"133.0\" y=\"80\" font-size=\"11.5\" fill=\"#5b7180\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">70<\/text><text x=\"16\" y=\"108\" font-size=\"12.5\" font-weight=\"bold\" fill=\"#12303f\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">ASTM B160 \u00b7 N02201 rod and bar, hot-worked<\/text><rect x=\"16\" y=\"114\" width=\"542.0\" height=\"15\" fill=\"#7fa8bd\"\/><text x=\"565.0\" y=\"126\" font-size=\"11.5\" fill=\"#5b7180\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">345<\/text><rect x=\"16\" y=\"132\" width=\"110.0\" height=\"15\" fill=\"#12303f\"\/><text x=\"133.0\" y=\"144\" font-size=\"11.5\" fill=\"#5b7180\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">70<\/text><text x=\"16\" y=\"172\" font-size=\"12.5\" font-weight=\"bold\" fill=\"#12303f\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">ASTM B162 \u00b7 N02201 hot-rolled plate, annealed<\/text><rect x=\"16\" y=\"178\" width=\"542.0\" height=\"15\" fill=\"#7fa8bd\"\/><text x=\"565.0\" y=\"190\" font-size=\"11.5\" fill=\"#5b7180\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">345<\/text><rect x=\"16\" y=\"196\" width=\"125.7\" height=\"15\" fill=\"#12303f\"\/><text x=\"148.7\" y=\"208\" font-size=\"11.5\" fill=\"#5b7180\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">80<\/text><text x=\"16\" y=\"236\" font-size=\"12.5\" font-weight=\"bold\" fill=\"#12303f\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">ASTM B162 \u00b7 N02201 hot-rolled plate, as-rolled<\/text><rect x=\"16\" y=\"242\" width=\"542.0\" height=\"15\" fill=\"#7fa8bd\"\/><text x=\"565.0\" y=\"254\" font-size=\"11.5\" fill=\"#5b7180\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">345<\/text><rect x=\"16\" y=\"260\" width=\"125.7\" height=\"15\" fill=\"#12303f\"\/><text x=\"148.7\" y=\"272\" font-size=\"11.5\" fill=\"#5b7180\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">80<\/text><text x=\"16\" y=\"300\" font-size=\"12.5\" font-weight=\"bold\" fill=\"#12303f\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">ASTM B162 \u00b7 N02201 cold-rolled sheet, annealed<\/text><rect x=\"16\" y=\"306\" width=\"542.0\" height=\"15\" fill=\"#7fa8bd\"\/><text x=\"565.0\" y=\"318\" font-size=\"11.5\" fill=\"#5b7180\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">345<\/text><rect x=\"16\" y=\"324\" width=\"125.7\" height=\"15\" fill=\"#12303f\"\/><text x=\"148.7\" y=\"336\" font-size=\"11.5\" fill=\"#5b7180\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">80<\/text><text x=\"16\" y=\"364\" font-size=\"12.5\" font-weight=\"bold\" fill=\"#12303f\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">ASTM B162 \u00b7 N02201 cold-rolled strip, annealed<\/text><rect x=\"16\" y=\"370\" width=\"542.0\" height=\"15\" fill=\"#7fa8bd\"\/><text x=\"565.0\" y=\"382\" font-size=\"11.5\" fill=\"#5b7180\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">345<\/text><rect x=\"16\" y=\"388\" width=\"125.7\" height=\"15\" fill=\"#12303f\"\/><text x=\"148.7\" y=\"400\" font-size=\"11.5\" fill=\"#5b7180\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">80<\/text><text x=\"16\" y=\"428\" font-size=\"12.5\" font-weight=\"bold\" fill=\"#12303f\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">ASTM B160 \u00b7 N02200 rod and bar, annealed (for comparison)<\/text><rect x=\"16\" y=\"434\" width=\"597.0\" height=\"15\" fill=\"#7fa8bd\"\/><text x=\"620.0\" y=\"446\" font-size=\"11.5\" fill=\"#5b7180\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">380<\/text><rect x=\"16\" y=\"452\" width=\"165.0\" height=\"15\" fill=\"#12303f\"\/><text x=\"188.0\" y=\"464\" font-size=\"11.5\" fill=\"#5b7180\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">105<\/text><text x=\"16\" y=\"492\" font-size=\"12.5\" font-weight=\"bold\" fill=\"#12303f\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">ASTM B162 \u00b7 N02200 plate\/sheet\/strip, annealed (for comparison)<\/text><rect x=\"16\" y=\"498\" width=\"597.0\" height=\"15\" fill=\"#7fa8bd\"\/><text x=\"620.0\" y=\"510\" font-size=\"11.5\" fill=\"#5b7180\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">380<\/text><rect x=\"16\" y=\"516\" width=\"157.1\" height=\"15\" fill=\"#12303f\"\/><text x=\"180.1\" y=\"528\" font-size=\"11.5\" fill=\"#5b7180\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">100<\/text><text x=\"16\" y=\"556\" font-size=\"12.5\" font-weight=\"bold\" fill=\"#12303f\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">TYPICAL \u00b7 N02201 rod and bar, hot-finished and annealed<\/text><rect x=\"16\" y=\"562\" width=\"542.0\" height=\"15\" fill=\"#7fa8bd\"\/><text x=\"565.0\" y=\"574\" font-size=\"11.5\" fill=\"#5b7180\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">345<\/text><rect x=\"16\" y=\"580\" width=\"110.0\" height=\"15\" fill=\"#12303f\"\/><text x=\"133.0\" y=\"592\" font-size=\"11.5\" fill=\"#5b7180\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">70<\/text><text x=\"16\" y=\"620\" font-size=\"12.5\" font-weight=\"bold\" fill=\"#12303f\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">TYPICAL \u00b7 N02201 rod and bar, cold drawn<\/text><rect x=\"16\" y=\"626\" width=\"652.0\" height=\"15\" fill=\"#7fa8bd\"\/><text x=\"675.0\" y=\"638\" font-size=\"11.5\" fill=\"#5b7180\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">415<\/text><rect x=\"16\" y=\"644\" width=\"377.1\" height=\"15\" fill=\"#12303f\"\/><text x=\"400.1\" y=\"656\" font-size=\"11.5\" fill=\"#5b7180\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">240<\/text><\/svg><\/div>\n<div style=\"padding:12px 12px 2px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\"><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"overflow-x:auto;position:relative;z-index:2;\">\n<table style=\"width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:13.5px;min-width:430px;background:transparent;\">\n<tr>\n<th style=\"padding:7px 9px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:#12303f;background:#F2F6F8;border:1px solid #eceff1;\">Condition<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding:7px 9px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:#12303f;background:#F2F6F8;border:1px solid #eceff1;\">Hardness<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding:7px 9px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:#12303f;background:#F2F6F8;border:1px solid #eceff1;\">Yield MPa<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding:7px 9px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:#12303f;background:#F2F6F8;border:1px solid #eceff1;\">Tensile MPa<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding:7px 9px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:#12303f;background:#F2F6F8;border:1px solid #eceff1;\">Elongation<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">ASTM B160 \u00b7 N02201 rod and bar, annealed<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">\u2014<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">70<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">345<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">40%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">ASTM B160 \u00b7 N02201 rod and bar, hot-worked<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">\u2014<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">70<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">345<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">40%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">ASTM B162 \u00b7 N02201 hot-rolled plate, annealed<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">\u2014<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">80<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">345<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">40%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">ASTM B162 \u00b7 N02201 hot-rolled plate, as-rolled<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">\u2014<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">80<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">345<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">30%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">ASTM B162 \u00b7 N02201 cold-rolled sheet, annealed<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">\u2014<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">80<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">345<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">40%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">ASTM B162 \u00b7 N02201 cold-rolled strip, annealed<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">\u2014<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">80<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">345<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">40%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">ASTM B160 \u00b7 N02200 rod and bar, annealed (for comparison)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">\u2014<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">105<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">380<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">40%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">ASTM B162 \u00b7 N02200 plate\/sheet\/strip, annealed (for comparison)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">\u2014<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">100<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">380<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">40%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">TYPICAL \u00b7 N02201 rod and bar, hot-finished and annealed<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">\u2014<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">70-170<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">345-415<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">40-60%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">TYPICAL \u00b7 N02201 rod and bar, cold drawn<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">\u2014<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">240-620<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">415-690<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">10-35%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"padding:6px 14px 12px;font-size:12px;color:#5b7180;line-height:1.7;border-top:1px solid #f0f3f5;position:relative;z-index:2;\"><b style=\"color:#12303f;\">The ASTM rows are SPECIFICATION MINIMUMS and are for room temperature. Because N02201 is not precipitation hardenable, the rows are split by PRODUCT FORM and TEMPER (annealed, hot-worked, as-rolled, cold drawn), not by ageing condition. N02200 (Nickel 200) rows are included for comparison; the two alloys sit in the same ASTM specification on separate rows. The last two rows marked TYPICAL are producer typical values and are not specification minimums. The ksi values are those given in the specification text; the MPa values are the specification&#8217;s own bracketed equivalents.<\/b> In the chart, a value given as a range is drawn at its lower bound; the full range is in the table. The ASTM rows are SPECIFICATION MINIMUMS and must not be confused with the TYPICAL rows. In this alloy hardness and strength do not vary with an ageing condition \u2014 it is not precipitation hardenable. The variables are product form and the degree of cold work. The N02200 rows are for comparison only; those values cannot be demanded when ordering Nickel 201. No single numerical hardness value (HRB\/HB) for annealed Nickel 201 was found in four independent sources, so the hardness columns are empty.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><!-- \/dm-diy-sert --><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 12px;font-size:15px;line-height:1.75;\"><b>201 is lower by exactly 5 ksi tensile (35 MPa) and 3 ksi yield (20 MPa) across every row.<\/b> The annealed elongation minimum, however, is <b>identical (40%)<\/b>. A European mill states the reason plainly: &#8220;<b>The lowered C-concentration reduces strength and the work hardening rate, and it raises ductility.<\/b>&#8221; That has two commercial consequences: <b>(1)<\/b> building a vessel in 201 that was designed on 200&#8217;s allowables leaves it <b>under-strength<\/b>; <b>(2)<\/b> 201 <b>cold-forms better<\/b> than 200 \u2014 lower work-hardening rate, higher ductility.<\/p>\n<div style=\"border:1px solid #d7dfe4;background:#ffffff;margin:24px 0 18px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\">\n<div style=\"background:#DD3333;color:#ffffff;font-size:13px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.04em;text-transform:uppercase;padding:10px 12px;line-height:1.35;\">ASTM B162 \u2014 Plate, Sheet, Strip \u00b7 N02201 Minima<\/div>\n<p><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<table style=\"border-collapse:collapse;width:100%;font-size:15px;line-height:1.5;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\">Hot-rolled plate, <b>as-rolled<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">Tensile <b>345 MPa<\/b> (50 ksi) \u00b7 Yield (0.2%) <b>80 MPa<\/b> (12 ksi) \u00b7 Elongation <b>30%<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\">Hot-rolled plate, <b>annealed<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">Tensile <b>345 MPa<\/b> \u00b7 Yield <b>80 MPa<\/b> \u00b7 Elongation <b>40%<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\">Hot\/cold-rolled sheet and strip, annealed<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">Tensile <b>345 MPa<\/b> \u00b7 Yield <b>80 MPa<\/b> \u00b7 Elong. 40%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\"><b>Comparison \u2014 N02200<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\"><b>380 MPa \/ 100 MPa<\/b> on the same rows. <b>The gap is constant everywhere: 35 MPa tensile, 20 MPa yield<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>Deep drawing and spinning<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>For N02201 sheet there are no grain-size requirements at all<\/b>; only a maximum of <b>HRB 64<\/b>. (N02200 sheet carries both grain and hardness requirements.) <b>201 is a spinning and deep-drawing grade<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"border:1px solid #d7dfe4;background:#ffffff;margin:24px 0 18px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\">\n<div style=\"background:#DD3333;color:#ffffff;font-size:13px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.04em;text-transform:uppercase;padding:10px 12px;line-height:1.35;\">ASTM B161 (Seamless Pipe\/Tube) and B160 (Rod\/Bar) \u00b7 N02201 Minima<\/div>\n<p><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<table style=\"border-collapse:collapse;width:100%;font-size:15px;line-height:1.5;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\">B161 <b>annealed<\/b>, OD \u22645 in.<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">Tensile <b>345 MPa<\/b> (50 ksi) \u00b7 Yield <b>80 MPa<\/b> (12 ksi) \u00b7 Elongation <b>35%<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\">B161 <b>annealed<\/b>, OD >5 in.<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">Tensile <b>345 MPa<\/b> \u00b7 Yield <b>~70 MPa<\/b> \u00b7 Elong. <b>40%<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\">B161 <b>stress-relieved<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">Tensile <b>415 MPa<\/b> (60 ksi) \u00b7 Yield <b>~205 MPa<\/b> \u00b7 Elongation <b>15%<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\"><b>B161 source warning<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">Two independent mirrors of B161 give the same numbers but <b>swap the condition labels<\/b>. The reading above is the metallurgically consistent one (annealed = the soft condition). <b>Confirm against the live standard<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\">B161 mandatory testing<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>Hydrostatic test<\/b> on every tube, <b>and<\/b> a nondestructive electric test per B829<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\">B160 <b>hot-worked<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">Tensile <b>345 MPa<\/b> \u00b7 Yield <b>70 MPa<\/b> (10 ksi) \u00b7 Elong. 40%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\">B160 <b>annealed<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">Tensile <b>345 MPa<\/b> \u00b7 Yield <b>70 MPa<\/b> \u00b7 Elong. 40%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\">B160 <b>cold-worked<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\"><b>\u2014 not captured for N02201 in the source we could read.<\/b> Do not invent it; ask the mill<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<p style=\"margin:18px 0 6px;font-size:15px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;line-height:1.5;\">Typical (mill) properties \u2014 NOT design minima<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 12px;font-size:15px;line-height:1.75;\"><b>Nickel 201, room temperature, typical<\/b> (MPa): rod\/bar hot-finished + annealed <b>345\u2013415<\/b> tensile \/ <b>70\u2013170<\/b> yield, <b>HRB 75\u2013100<\/b> \u00b7 rod\/bar cold-drawn <b>415\u2013690<\/b> \/ <b>240\u2013620<\/b>, <b>HRB 125\u2013200<\/b> \u00b7 rod\/bar cold-drawn + annealed <b>345\u2013415<\/b> \/ <b>70\u2013170<\/b>, HRB 75\u2013100 \u00b7 plate hot-rolled + annealed <b>345\u2013485<\/b> \/ <b>83\u2013240<\/b> \u00b7 tube\/pipe cold-drawn + annealed <b>345\u2013485<\/b> \/ <b>70\u2013195<\/b>, <b>HRB 62 max<\/b> \u00b7 tube\/pipe stress-relieved <b>415\u2013725<\/b> \/ <b>205\u2013585<\/b>, HRB 70\u201395. <b>European mill typical annealed:<\/b> Rp0.2 <b>80 MPa<\/b>, Rp1.0 105 MPa, Rm <b>340 MPa<\/b>, A <b>40%<\/b>, hardness <b>&lt;130 HBW<\/b>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:18px 0 6px;font-size:15px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;line-height:1.5;\">Code-approved to 677 \u00b0C \u2014 but nearly strengthless there<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 12px;font-size:15px;line-height:1.75;\"><b>This is the most abused number on the page.<\/b> <b>1250 \u00b0F (677 \u00b0C) is an ASME pressure-retaining limit, not a mechanical capability.<\/b> A European mill&#8217;s own elevated-temperature data for Nickel 201 (Rp0.2 \/ Rm, MPa): <b>100 \u00b0C: 70\/290<\/b> \u00b7 200 \u00b0C: 65\/275 \u00b7 300 \u00b0C: 60\/260 \u00b7 400 \u00b0C: 55\/240 \u00b7 500 \u00b0C: 50\/210 \u00b7 <b>600 \u00b0C: 40\/150<\/b>. <b>Note the collapse above 500 \u00b0C.<\/b> Nickel 201 may be Code-approved to 677 \u00b0C, but it is <b>nearly strengthless there<\/b>; as the temperature rises, <b>calculate your wall thickness from the allowable stress<\/b>, not from &#8220;the Code says 677 \u00b0C&#8221;.<\/p>\n<h4 id=\"dm-b5\" style=\"font-size:19px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;margin:30px 0 10px;line-height:1.35;\">Physical Properties \u2014 Where 201 Beats 200<\/h4>\n<p><!-- dm-diy-kars --><\/p>\n<div style=\"border:1px solid #e3e9ec;margin:22px 0 26px;background:#fff;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\">\n<div style=\"background:#12303f;color:#fff;padding:9px 14px;font-size:14px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.3px;position:relative;z-index:2;\">COMPARISON<\/div>\n<div style=\"position:relative;z-index:2;\">\n<div style=\"padding:10px 14px 0;font-size:12.5px;color:#5b7180;line-height:1.7;\">Within the same product family there is only one distinction: the CARBON CEILING and the maximum service temperature that follows from it. The carbon ceilings come from ASTM B160 and B162 Table 1; the temperature limits from seven independent producer and distributor sources; the mechanical minimums from ASTM B162 Table 2. Both grades are commercially pure nickel and NEITHER is precipitation hardenable.<\/div>\n<div style=\"padding:12px 12px 2px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\"><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"overflow-x:auto;position:relative;z-index:2;\">\n<table style=\"width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:13.5px;min-width:430px;background:transparent;\">\n<tr>\n<th style=\"padding:7px 9px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:#12303f;background:#F2F6F8;border:1px solid #eceff1;\">Grade<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding:7px 9px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:#12303f;background:#F2F6F8;border:1px solid #eceff1;\">UNS<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding:7px 9px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:#12303f;background:#F2F6F8;border:1px solid #eceff1;\">W.-Nr.<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding:7px 9px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:#12303f;background:#F2F6F8;border:1px solid #eceff1;\">EN designation<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding:7px 9px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:#12303f;background:#F2F6F8;border:1px solid #eceff1;\">Carbon ceiling<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding:7px 9px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:#12303f;background:#F2F6F8;border:1px solid #eceff1;\">Maximum service temperature<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding:7px 9px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:#12303f;background:#F2F6F8;border:1px solid #eceff1;\">Annealed plate tensile MPa<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding:7px 9px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:#12303f;background:#F2F6F8;border:1px solid #eceff1;\">Annealed plate yield MPa<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding:7px 9px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:#12303f;background:#F2F6F8;border:1px solid #eceff1;\">Reason<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding:7px 9px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:#12303f;background:#F2F6F8;border:1px solid #eceff1;\">Source<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">Nickel 201<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">N02201<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">2.4068 (Special Metals and VDM also 2.4061)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">LC-Ni99 (low-carbon nickel)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">0.02% max (ASTM B160 and B162)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">This is the grade used for service above 315 \u00b0C. As a pressure-retaining material it is approved to 677 \u00b0C (1250 \u00b0F) under ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code Section VIII Division 1.<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">345<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">80<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">Because carbon is held to 0.02%, graphite does not precipitate at the grain boundaries and the material does not embrittle at elevated temperature. Its lower base hardness and work-hardening rate also suit it to spinning and deep cold forming. The price is lower specification minimums.<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">ASTM B160, ASTM B162, Special Metals, Corrosion Materials, VDM Metals, METALCOR, High Performance Alloys, Alloy Wire International, UPMET<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">Nickel 200<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">N02200<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">2.4066 (Special Metals also 2.4060)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">(S-)Ni99.6 \u2014 producer designation Nickel 99.2<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">0.15% max (ASTM B160 and B162)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">315 \u00b0C (600 \u00b0F)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">380<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">100<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">On prolonged exposure above 315 \u00b0C the higher carbon precipitates as graphite and weakens the grain boundaries. In return its specification minimums are higher than those of N02201.<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">ASTM B160, ASTM B162, Special Metals, Corrosion Materials, Carpenter Technology (via High Temp Metals), Double Eagle Alloys, METALCOR<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"padding:10px 12px 2px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\"><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"position:relative;z-index:2;\">\n<div style=\"font-size:13.5px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;margin:6px 0 6px;\">Additional information<\/div>\n<table style=\"width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:13.5px;background:transparent;\">\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Tek kritik fark<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">The ONLY critical difference between Nickel 201 and Nickel 200 is the carbon ceiling: 0.02% against 0.15%. The nickel, copper, iron, manganese, silicon and sulfur limits are the SAME for both grades (ASTM B160 and B162 Table 1). That difference is decisive above 315 \u00b0C because of graphite precipitation and embrittlement; below it, it changes only the specification minimums and the formability.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Siparis notu<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">Much of the material on the market is DUAL CERTIFIED to N02200\/N02201. Dual-certified material has carbon below 0.02%, that is, it is in fact Nickel 201. When Nickel 201 is ordered, dual-certified material is acceptable; THE REVERSE IS NOT TRUE \u2014 dual-certified material does not meet the higher Nickel 200 specification minimums.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"padding:6px 14px 12px;font-size:12px;color:#5b7180;line-height:1.7;border-top:1px solid #f0f3f5;position:relative;z-index:2;\">Same criterion, same specification, same product form: the ASTM B162 annealed plate\/sheet\/strip rows. NEITHER grade is precipitation hardenable. The difference between them is not a heat-treatment difference but a carbon-ceiling difference. The numbers have not been averaged; each row carries its own specification value. This diagram rests on the same numbers as the comparison diagram in spec\/nikel-200.json, seen from the opposite direction.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><!-- \/dm-diy-kars --><\/p>\n<div style=\"border:1px solid #d7dfe4;background:#ffffff;margin:24px 0 18px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\">\n<div style=\"background:#DD3333;color:#ffffff;font-size:13px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.04em;text-transform:uppercase;padding:10px 12px;line-height:1.35;\">Physical Properties \u00b7 Nickel 201 (differences flagged)<\/div>\n<p><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<table style=\"border-collapse:collapse;width:100%;font-size:15px;line-height:1.5;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>Thermal conductivity @20 \u00b0C<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>79.3 W\/m\u00b7K<\/b> against Nickel 200&#8217;s <b>70.3<\/b>. <b>201 conducts better<\/b>: less carbon, less electron scattering. That is <b>the opposite<\/b> of what buyers assume from &#8220;201 is the cheaper-looking spec&#8221;. For context: roughly <b>4\u20135\u00d7 austenitic stainless<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\"><b>Electrical resistivity<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\"><b>0.085 \u00b5\u03a9\u00b7m<\/b> (8.5 \u00b5\u03a9\u00b7cm) against Nickel 200&#8217;s <b>0.096<\/b>. <b>201 conducts better here too<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\">Density<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>8.89 g\/cm\u00b3<\/b> \u2014 the same<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\">Melting range<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\"><b>1435\u20131446 \u00b0C<\/b> \u2014 the same<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\">Young&#8217;s modulus @RT<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>207 GPa<\/b> (30 \u00d7 10\u00b3 ksi) \u2014 Nickel 200 is 205 GPa<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\">Specific heat @20 \u00b0C<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\"><b>456 J\/kg\u00b7K<\/b> \u2014 the same; the curve has a <b>maximum at 358 \u00b0C<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\">Thermal expansion 20\u2013100 \u00b0C<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>13.3 \u00d7 10\u207b\u2076 \/K<\/b> \u2014 the same<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\"><b>Curie temperature<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\"><b>360 \u00b0C \/ 680 \u00b0F<\/b> \u2014 <b>201 is ferromagnetic too.<\/b> Saturation flux density <b>0.61 T<\/b>. The assumption that &#8220;nickel alloys are non-magnetic&#8221; is <b>wrong for this grade as well<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\">Structure<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>FCC austenite from absolute zero to melting<\/b> \u2014 no phase transformation, no hardening by quenching, no ductile-brittle transition<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\"><b>Do not publish<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">One publisher prints <b>44 W\/m\u00b7K<\/b> for Nickel 200 against four publishers at 70\u201371. <b>44 W\/m\u00b7K is an error.<\/b> And no numeric <b>relative permeability (\u00b5r)<\/b> could be verified for N02200\/N02201<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<h4 id=\"dm-b6\" style=\"font-size:19px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;margin:30px 0 10px;line-height:1.35;\">Welding \u2014 What Is Specific to 201<\/h4>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 12px;font-size:15px;line-height:1.75;\"><b>The consumables are the same<\/b>: <b>ERNi-1<\/b> (N02061, EN ISO 18274 S Ni 2061 \/ NiTi3) and <b>ENi-1<\/b> (W82141). &#8220;Nickel filler metal welds (ENi-1 and ERNi-1) are <b>not subject to graphite precipitation and are used for welding both Nickel 200 and 201<\/b>.&#8221; The filler is inherently low carbon; the risk lies in <b>Nickel 200 base metal and its HAZ<\/b>, not in 201.<\/p>\n<div style=\"border:1px solid #d7dfe4;background:#ffffff;margin:24px 0 18px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\">\n<div style=\"background:#DD3333;color:#ffffff;font-size:13px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.04em;text-transform:uppercase;padding:10px 12px;line-height:1.35;\">Welding \u00b7 Points Specific to Nickel 201<\/div>\n<p><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<table style=\"border-collapse:collapse;width:100%;font-size:15px;line-height:1.5;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>\u26a0 NO OXYACETYLENE<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">&#8220;<b>The oxyacetylene process is not applicable to Nickel 201.<\/b>&#8221; Two independent sources. <b>The reason:<\/b> the gas flame <b>carburises<\/b> the metal \u2014 and carburising <b>destroys the very low carbon content that defines the grade<\/b>. A 201 part &#8220;repaired&#8221; with oxyacetylene is no longer 201. <b>A page that says &#8220;both grades weld identically&#8221; is wrong<\/b>, because the process <b>is<\/b> applicable to Nickel 200<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\">Carbonaceous atmospheres<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">Same logic: carbonaceous furnace atmospheres and carbon pick-up <b>turn your 201 into something that graphitises<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>Sulphur embrittlement<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>Low carbon buys you nothing here.<\/b> The Ni\u2013S eutectic melts at <b>635 \u00b0C<\/b>. Cutting oil, grease, fingerprints, marking crayons, sulphur-bearing fuel and rubber are all sources. So are <b>lead, tin, zinc, bismuth, phosphorus and boron<\/b>. <b>Dedicated brushes, dedicated wheels, thorough degreasing before welding<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\">Preheat \u00b7 interpass<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">Preheat <b>not required<\/b> \u00b7 maximum interpass <b>175 \u00b0C<\/b> (one producer is more conservative at <b>95 \u00b0C<\/b>)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\">Heat input \u00b7 technique<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">Automatic TIG-HD <b>6 kJ\/cm<\/b> \u00b7 manual\/mechanised TIG and GMAW <b>8 kJ\/cm<\/b> \u00b7 plasma <b>10 kJ\/cm<\/b>. <b>Stringer beads<\/b>, low heat input, minimal weaving<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\">Shielding \u00b7 root<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">TIG: pure Ar or <b>Ar + max 3% H\u2082<\/b> \u00b7 GMAW: Ar or Ar-He. <b>Root protection is mandatory<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\">Joint angle<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>60\u201370\u00b0 included angle<\/b> \u2014 wider than steel; the nickel pool does not flow or penetrate<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\"><b>Porosity<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\"><b>Never use pure nickel wire.<\/b> ERNi-1 carries <b>Ti 2.0\u20133.5%<\/b> (its EN name is &#8220;NiTi3&#8221;) and ENi-1 deposits ~<b>1.60% Ti<\/b> \u2014 these are <b>deoxidisers<\/b>. Molten nickel dissolves oxygen and nitrogen and rejects them as gas on freezing; &#8220;<b>even 0.025% nitrogen will form pores<\/b>&#8220;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\">PWHT<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>General service: not required.<\/b> <b>Caustic service: 700\u2013705 \u00b0C, \u00bd h per 25 mm, cooled at 90 \u00b0C\/h<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<h4 id=\"dm-b7\" style=\"font-size:19px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;margin:30px 0 10px;line-height:1.35;\">Heat Treatment \u2014 201 Anneals Cooler<\/h4>\n<p><!-- dm-diy-isil --><\/p>\n<div style=\"border:1px solid #e3e9ec;margin:22px 0 26px;background:#fff;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\">\n<div style=\"background:#12303f;color:#fff;padding:9px 14px;font-size:14px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.3px;position:relative;z-index:2;\">HEAT TREATMENT \u2014 SCHEMATIC<\/div>\n<div style=\"position:relative;z-index:2;\">\n<div style=\"padding:10px 12px 2px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\"><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"position:relative;z-index:2;\">\n<div style=\"font-size:13.5px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;margin:6px 0 6px;\">1 \u00b7 ANNEALING \u2014 the usual delivery condition<\/div>\n<table style=\"width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:13.5px;background:transparent;\">\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Step<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">1 \u00b7 ANNEALING \u2014 the usual delivery condition<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Summary<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">Recrystallises and softens cold-worked material. It gives no strength increase; it is the standard delivery condition for corrosion service and general use.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Temperature<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">705-870 \u00b0C (1300-1600 \u00b0F) \u2014 Corrosion Materials, the common Nickel 200\/201 band. Special Metals gives no numerical 201 band; it gives the rule: &#8216;Annealing temperatures should be 50 to 100 \u00b0F (30 to 55 \u00b0C) lower or times-at-temperature 10 to 20% shorter than for Nickel 200.&#8217; Since the batch annealing band for Nickel 200 is 705-815 \u00b0C, that rule corresponds to 650-785 \u00b0C. The two bands have not been averaged.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Time<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">30 minutes to 3 hours for Nickel 200 batch annealing; for Nickel 201 a 10-20% shorter time is recommended (Special Metals). Corrosion Materials notes that time-at-temperature markedly changes the mechanical properties and the structure.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Cooling<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">Cooling rate is NOT critical. Quenching is not required; it is used only to reduce surface oxide (Special Metals).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Resulting hardness<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">For specification minimums see the strength table below. No single numerical annealed hardness value was found in four independent sources, so none is given.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"padding:10px 12px 2px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\"><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"position:relative;z-index:2;\">\n<div style=\"font-size:13.5px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;margin:6px 0 6px;\">2 \u00b7 HOT WORKING<\/div>\n<table style=\"width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:13.5px;background:transparent;\">\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Step<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">2 \u00b7 HOT WORKING<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Summary<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">Not a heat treatment; it is the forming temperature range. Heavy deformation is carried out in the upper part of the band.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Temperature<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">650-1230 \u00b0C (1200-2250 \u00b0F); heavy forming above 870 \u00b0C (1600 \u00b0F) \u2014 Corrosion Materials (common to Nickel 200\/201, one independent source).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Time<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">\u2014<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Cooling<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">\u2014<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Resulting hardness<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">\u2014<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"padding:10px 12px 2px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\"><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"position:relative;z-index:2;\">\n<div style=\"font-size:13.5px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;margin:6px 0 6px;\">3 \u00b7 COLD WORKING \u2014 the only strengthening route<\/div>\n<table style=\"width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:13.5px;background:transparent;\">\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Step<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">3 \u00b7 COLD WORKING \u2014 the only strengthening route<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Summary<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">THERE IS NO PRECIPITATION HARDENING. Strength rises only with cold deformation. The base hardness and work-hardening rate of Nickel 201 are lower than those of Nickel 200, which is why it is preferred for spinning and deep cold forming. When intermediate annealing is needed, stage 1 is repeated.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Temperature<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">Room temperature<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Time<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">\u2014<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Cooling<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">\u2014<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Resulting hardness<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">Cold-drawn bar typically 415-690 MPa tensile and 240-620 MPa yield (High Performance Alloys, typical values \u2014 these are not specification minimums).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"padding:10px 12px 2px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\"><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"position:relative;z-index:2;\">\n<div style=\"font-size:13.5px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;margin:6px 0 6px;\">4 \u00b7 SERVICE TEMPERATURE \u2014 ABOVE 315 \u00b0C IS PERMITTED<\/div>\n<table style=\"width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:13.5px;background:transparent;\">\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Step<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">4 \u00b7 SERVICE TEMPERATURE \u2014 ABOVE 315 \u00b0C IS PERMITTED<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Summary<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">Not a heat treatment stage but the reason this alloy exists. The 0.02% carbon ceiling prevents graphite precipitation above 315 \u00b0C (600 \u00b0F); Nickel 201 is used in the range where Nickel 200 embrittles. It is approved as a pressure-retaining material up to 677 \u00b0C (1250 \u00b0F) under ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code Section VIII Division 1.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Temperature<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">315 \u00b0C (600 \u00b0F) threshold \u2014 Special Metals, Corrosion Materials, VDM Metals (300 \u00b0C), METALCOR (300 \u00b0C), High Performance Alloys, Alloy Wire International, UPMET. \u00b7 ASME upper limit 677 \u00b0C (1250 \u00b0F) \u2014 Special Metals, Corrosion Materials, UPMET (three independent sources).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Time<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">Continuous service<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Cooling<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">\u2014<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Resulting hardness<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">\u2014<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"padding:10px 12px 2px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\"><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"position:relative;z-index:2;\">\n<div style=\"font-size:13.5px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;margin:6px 0 6px;\">5 \u00b7 OXIDIZING FURNACE ATMOSPHERE \u2014 laboratory crucibles<\/div>\n<table style=\"width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:13.5px;background:transparent;\">\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Step<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">5 \u00b7 OXIDIZING FURNACE ATMOSPHERE \u2014 laboratory crucibles<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Summary<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">Not a heat treatment stage; an accepted usage limit. Special Metals states that laboratory crucibles which must withstand oxidizing furnace atmospheres up to 1100 \u00b0C (2000 \u00b0F) are made of Nickel 201. This is a non-pressure-retaining use and must not be confused with the ASME limit.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Temperature<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">1100 \u00b0C (2000 \u00b0F) \u2014 Special Metals (one independent source)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Time<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">\u2014<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Cooling<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">\u2014<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Resulting hardness<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">\u2014<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"padding:6px 14px 12px;font-size:12px;color:#5b7180;line-height:1.7;border-top:1px solid #f0f3f5;position:relative;z-index:2;\">The diagram is schematic; the time axis is NOT to scale. No published TTT\/CCT curve was used, so no curve is drawn. N02201 is commercially pure low-carbon nickel and is NOT PRECIPITATION HARDENABLE \u2014 there is no solution treatment plus ageing step, and the word &#8216;ageing&#8217; is not used for this alloy. The number of independent sources that give each band numerically is stated beside each stage. Schematic; the time axis is not to scale. NOT PRECIPITATION HARDENABLE \u2014 there is no solution treatment plus ageing cycle for this alloy. The 677 \u00b0C upper limit was found in three independent sources; the 315 \u00b0C threshold in seven. The two numbers do not carry the same confidence. The 1100 \u00b0C crucible use comes from a single source and does not apply to pressure-retaining service.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><!-- \/dm-diy-isil --><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 12px;font-size:15px;line-height:1.75;\"><b>Nickel 201 is not hardenable by heat treatment<\/b> \u2014 the structure is FCC austenite from absolute zero to melting, and <b>cold work is the only strengthening mechanism<\/b>. Anything sold as &#8220;heat-treated Nickel 201 bar&#8221; is <b>cold-drawn<\/b>; ask for the <b>temper<\/b>, not a heat-treat condition.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 12px;font-size:15px;line-height:1.75;\"><b>The one thing all sources agree on: Nickel 201 anneals COOLER and\/or SHORTER than Nickel 200.<\/b> The US mill gives the rule numerically: &#8220;<b>50\u2013100 \u00b0F (30\u201355 \u00b0C) lower, or times-at-temperature 10\u201320% shorter, than for Nickel 200<\/b>&#8220;. A third source says the same thing differently: open annealing <b>815\u2013925 \u00b0C for N02200 versus 760\u2013870 \u00b0C for N02201<\/b>. <b>The practical reason belongs on the page:<\/b> over-annealing 201 <b>coarsens the grain badly<\/b>, because <b>there is no carbon to pin the boundaries<\/b>.<\/p>\n<div style=\"border:1px solid #d7dfe4;background:#ffffff;margin:24px 0 18px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\">\n<div style=\"background:#DD3333;color:#ffffff;font-size:13px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.04em;text-transform:uppercase;padding:10px 12px;line-height:1.35;\">Heat Treatment \u00b7 Nickel 201<\/div>\n<p><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<table style=\"border-collapse:collapse;width:100%;font-size:15px;line-height:1.5;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>Annealing \u2014 sources disagree<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">US mill: <b>30\u201355 \u00b0C lower than Nickel 200&#8217;s range<\/b> (200 overall 705\u2013925 \u00b0C) \u00b7 European mill: <b>700\u2013850 \u00b0C<\/b> (the same range for both grades) \u00b7 a third source: open annealing <b>760\u2013870 \u00b0C<\/b>, closed annealing <b>705\u2013760 \u00b0C<\/b> \u00b7 a fourth: 705\u2013870 \u00b0C. <b>Do not average them; state which source you are working to<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\"><b>Why cooler<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\"><b>There is no carbon to pin the grain boundaries<\/b> \u2192 over-annealing <b>coarsens the grain quickly<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\">Target grain size<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>0.025\u20130.10 mm<\/b> (ASTM G.S. 7\u00bd\u20133\u00bd)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\">Atmosphere<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\"><b>A sulphur-free environment is essential.<\/b> Dry hydrogen or dissociated ammonia for bright annealing; <b>avoid carbonaceous atmospheres<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\">Stress relieving<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>480\u2013705 \u00b0C<\/b> \u2014 no recrystallisation<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\">Low-tension anneal (European)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\"><b>550\u2013650 \u00b0C, 30 min\u20133 h<\/b> \u2014 &#8220;in this range the material <b>does not recrystallize<\/b>&#8220;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>Caustic-service PWHT<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>700\u2013705 \u00b0C, \u00bd h per 25 mm, cooled at 90 \u00b0C\/h<\/b> \u2014 <b>a separate treatment<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\"><b>Embrittlement \u2014 NOT in 201<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\"><b>Graphitisation:<\/b> &#8220;Nickel 201 is not subject to embrittlement by intergranularly precipitated carbon or graphite when held at <b>315\u2013760 \u00b0C<\/b>&#8220;. A European mill confirms it in corrosion terms: the very low carbon content &#8220;ensures practically a <b>complete absence of grain boundary attacks even above 315 \u00b0C<\/b>&#8220;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>Embrittlement \u2014 YES in 201<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>Sulphur:<\/b> intergranular embrittlement <b>above 315 \u00b0C<\/b> in a sulphur-bearing atmosphere \u2014 <b>low carbon does not fix it<\/b> \u00b7 <b>Liquid metal:<\/b> contact with molten Pb, Sn, Zn, Bi, <b>at any temperature<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\">Hot working<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">US mill <b>650\u20131230 \u00b0C<\/b> \u00b7 European mill, narrower and more conservative, <b>800\u20131200 \u00b0C<\/b>. A <b>post-hot-form heat treatment is recommended<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\">Cold working<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>201 cold-forms better than 200<\/b> \u2014 lower work-hardening rate, higher ductility. <b>The lubricant trap:<\/b> sulphur-based lubricants are recommended and the same document warns that sulphur embrittles \u2014 <b>the lubricant must be completely removed before any heating, annealing or welding<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<h4 id=\"dm-b8\" style=\"font-size:19px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;margin:30px 0 10px;line-height:1.35;\">Corrosion \u2014 Notes Specific to 201<\/h4>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 12px;font-size:15px;line-height:1.75;\"><b>The corrosion behaviour is largely the same as <a href=\"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/en\/nikel-200\/\">Nickel 200<\/a>&#8216;s<\/b> \u2014 outstanding in caustic, resistant to chloride SCC, excellent in flowing seawater; and <b>unsuitable in oxidising conditions, in nitric acid, in concentrated ammonia, in aqueous concentrated HF and in stagnant seawater<\/b>. See the Nickel 200 page for the full list. What follows is <b>what is specific to 201<\/b>.<\/p>\n<div style=\"border:1px solid #d7dfe4;background:#ffffff;margin:24px 0 18px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\">\n<div style=\"background:#DD3333;color:#ffffff;font-size:13px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.04em;text-transform:uppercase;padding:10px 12px;line-height:1.35;\">Nickel 201 \u00b7 Distinguishing Corrosion Notes<\/div>\n<p><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<table style=\"border-collapse:collapse;width:100%;font-size:15px;line-height:1.5;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>Caustic evaporators<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>For caustic above 315 \u00b0C the recommended material is 201.<\/b> The caustic answer and the temperature answer are the same answer<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\"><b>Dry chlorine<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\"><b>Nickel 201<\/b> is used for chlorination equipment up to <b>540 \u00b0C (1000 \u00b0F)<\/b>; <b>suggested service limit 510 \u00b0C (950 \u00b0F)<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>Dry HCl gas<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>Nickel 201 suggested limit 455 \u00b0C (850 \u00b0F)<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\"><b>Fluorine<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">A protective fluoride film forms; <b>201 is preferred at elevated temperature<\/b>. Ni 201 rates: 400 \u00b0C <b>8.4 mpy<\/b> \u00b7 450 \u00b0C 22.8 \u00b7 500 \u00b0C 61.2 \u00b7 <b>600 \u00b0C 348 mpy<\/b> \u00b7 700 \u00b0C 408 mpy. <b>Note the jump above 500 \u00b0C<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\">Anhydrous HF<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">&#8220;Excellent resistance\u2026 even at elevated temperatures&#8221; \u2014 <b>anhydrous<\/b>; <b>not<\/b> aqueous concentrated HF (limited to below 80 \u00b0C, and 60\u201365% commercial acid corrodes severely even at room temperature)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\"><b>Sulphur-bearing service<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\"><b>201 is no better than 200 here.<\/b> Sulphur embrittlement above 315 \u00b0C applies to both grades; the mill&#8217;s recommendation is <b><a href=\"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/en\/inconel-600\/\">Inconel 600<\/a> instead<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>Sour service<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">N02201 was <b>not found<\/b> in the NACE MR0175 \/ ISO 15156 nickel-alloy listing we fetched \u2014 <b>do not claim it<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<h4 id=\"dm-b9\" style=\"font-size:19px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;margin:30px 0 10px;line-height:1.35;\">Frequently Asked Questions<\/h4>\n<p style=\"margin:18px 0 6px;font-size:15px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;line-height:1.5;\">I ordered ASTM B564 UNS N02201 flanges and my inspector rejected them. Why?<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 12px;font-size:15px;line-height:1.75;\"><b>Because ASTM B564, &#8220;Nickel Alloy Forgings,&#8221; does not cover UNS N02201.<\/b> Its scope lists <b>N02200, N04400, N06600, N06603, N06690, N06625<\/b> and some thirty others \u2014 <b>low-carbon nickel is not among them<\/b>. <b>There is no such thing as a B564 N02201 forging or flange<\/b>, however many distributors advertise one.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 12px;font-size:15px;line-height:1.75;\"><b>This error propagates from a genuine source.<\/b> The mill&#8217;s own Nickel 200 &amp; 201 bulletin prints a specification table under a combined &#8220;200 and 201&#8221; heading with &#8220;Forgings: ASTM B564 \/ ASME SB-564&#8221; on one line. <b>It is true for 200 and not for 201<\/b>, and everyone downstream copied the table without splitting it.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 12px;font-size:15px;line-height:1.75;\"><b>If you need low-carbon nickel forgings, the routes are:<\/b> buy a B564 <b>N02200<\/b> forging with a <b>supplementary purchase-order restriction of C \u22640.02%<\/b> and have the mill certificate show it; or forge from <b>B160<\/b> bar and certify to B160&#8217;s N02201 chemistry and mechanicals. <b>Either way the specification called on the certificate must be one that actually contains the grade.<\/b> <i>(Caveat: we could not open the B564-22 full text; the finding rests on two publishers quoting the scope. Confirm against the live standard.)<\/i><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 12px;font-size:15px;line-height:1.75;\"><b>Two related traps from the same table.<\/b> <b>ASTM B160 is &#8220;Nickel Rod and Bar&#8221; \u2014 it is not a wire specification<\/b>, so &#8220;B160 wire&#8221; cannot be certified; wire goes to <b>DIN 17753<\/b> or <b>ISO 9724<\/b>. And <b>B163 is seamless condenser and heat-exchanger tube while B366 is fittings<\/b>; suppliers publishing &#8220;B163 \u2014 fittings&#8221; are simply wrong.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:18px 0 6px;font-size:15px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;line-height:1.5;\">We have dual-certified 200\/201 plate. Can we run our vessel at 400 \u00b0C?<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 12px;font-size:15px;line-height:1.75;\"><b>The certificate alone does not permit it.<\/b> Dual certification is <b>legitimate<\/b> and is the normal commercial condition of plate; what it proves is that the heat has <b>C \u22640.02%<\/b> (so it is graphitisation-resistant) <b>and<\/b> that it also meets <b>N02200&#8217;s higher mechanical minimums<\/b> (380 MPa tensile \/ 100 MPa yield). <b>What it does not prove is your vessel&#8217;s Code basis.<\/b> If the vessel is stamped as <b>SB-162 N02200<\/b>, the applicable ASME limit is <b>N02200&#8217;s: 315 \u00b0C<\/b>. To design at 400 \u00b0C you must <b>specify the material as N02201 and stamp it as such on the U-1A<\/b>. <b>The certificate is not the design basis; the material designation is.<\/b><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 12px;font-size:15px;line-height:1.75;\"><b>Three further cautions.<\/b> <b>(1)<\/b> Dual certification <b>does not exist for every product form<\/b>: plate is routinely dual-certified, but <b>B564 forgings cannot be certified to 201 at all<\/b>. <b>(2)<\/b> Dual-certified plate sits at the <b>soft end of the 200 range<\/b>; if the designer chose 200 for its higher yield, the material passes but sits near the minimum. <b>(3)<\/b> The certificate says nothing about <b>sulphur embrittlement<\/b> or the <b>anneal condition<\/b> \u2014 and if you are at 400 \u00b0C in a sulphur-bearing atmosphere, carbon was never the right question.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:18px 0 6px;font-size:15px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;line-height:1.5;\">They say 201 is good to 1250 \u00b0F (677 \u00b0C) \u2014 can I design a vessel at 650 \u00b0C?<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 12px;font-size:15px;line-height:1.75;\"><b>You are reading the number wrong. 1250 \u00b0F is an ASME Section VIII Division 1 pressure-retaining limit, not a mechanical capability.<\/b> A European mill&#8217;s own elevated-temperature data (Rp0.2 \/ Rm, MPa): 100 \u00b0C <b>70\/290<\/b> \u00b7 300 \u00b0C <b>60\/260<\/b> \u00b7 500 \u00b0C <b>50\/210<\/b> \u00b7 <b>600 \u00b0C 40\/150<\/b>. At 600 \u00b0C the yield strength is <b>40 MPa<\/b>. The Code permits it; <b>your wall thickness will pay for it<\/b>. A vessel at 650 \u00b0C can be designed, but it must be <b>calculated from the allowable stress<\/b>, not from &#8220;the Code says 677 \u00b0C&#8221;.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 12px;font-size:15px;line-height:1.75;\"><b>There is also disagreement about the figure itself:<\/b> five publishers give <b>1250 \u00b0F (677 \u00b0C)<\/b>, one gives <b>1230 \u00b0F<\/b>, and another <b>1200 \u00b0F (649 \u00b0C)<\/b> \u2014 the last being a proprietary variant&#8217;s page that reads as an application limit rather than a Code limit. <b>The majority is 1250 \u00b0F by 5:1:1<\/b>, but ASME Section II Part D is paywalled and we <b>could not read it<\/b>. <b>Verify against Section II Part D before stamping a Code number.<\/b> Likewise, <b>ASME Section I (power boiler) acceptance is unverified \u2014 do not claim it<\/b>; several distributor pages assert &#8220;ASME approved&#8221; without naming a Section.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 12px;font-size:15px;line-height:1.75;\"><b>And on the way up to 677 \u00b0C, do not forget the second limit:<\/b> <b>sulphur embrittlement above 315 \u00b0C applies to both grades<\/b>, and low carbon does not fix it. For high-temperature caustic service where sulphur is present, the mill&#8217;s recommendation is <b>not Nickel 201 but <a href=\"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/en\/inconel-600\/\">Inconel 600<\/a><\/b>.<\/p>\n<p><!-- dm-diy-std --><\/p>\n<div style=\"border:1px solid #e3e9ec;margin:22px 0 26px;background:#fff;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\">\n<div style=\"background:#12303f;color:#fff;padding:9px 14px;font-size:14px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.3px;position:relative;z-index:2;\">STANDARDS BY PRODUCT FORM<\/div>\n<div style=\"position:relative;z-index:2;\">\n<div style=\"padding:12px 12px 2px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\"><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"overflow-x:auto;position:relative;z-index:2;\">\n<table style=\"width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:13.5px;min-width:430px;background:transparent;\">\n<tr>\n<th style=\"padding:7px 9px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:#12303f;background:#F2F6F8;border:1px solid #eceff1;\">Product form<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding:7px 9px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:#12303f;background:#F2F6F8;border:1px solid #eceff1;\">Standards<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">Sheet, strip<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\"><b style=\"font-size:16.5px;font-weight:800;color:#12303f;\">AMS 5553<\/b> (SAE title: &#8216;Nickel, Sheet and Strip Low (0.02 Max) Carbon Annealed&#8217; \u2014 this number belongs to Nickel 201) \u00b7 ASTM B162 \/ ASME SB-162 \u00b7 DIN 17750 \u00b7 ISO 6208 \u00b7 BS 3072, 3073 (NA12) \u00b7 VdTUV 345<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">Plate<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\"><b style=\"font-size:16.5px;font-weight:800;color:#12303f;\">AMS 5553<\/b> does NOT cover plate (sheet and strip only) \u00b7 ASTM B162 \/ ASME SB-162 \u00b7 DIN 17750 \u00b7 ISO 6208 \u00b7 VdTUV 345<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">Round bar, flat bar<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">NO AMS number (none could be verified for N02201 bar) \u00b7 ASTM B160 \/ ASME SB-160 \u00b7 DIN 17752 \u00b7 ISO 9723 \u00b7 BS 3076 (NA12) \u00b7 VdTUV 345<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">Tube and pipe \u2014 seamless<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">NO AMS number \u00b7 ASTM B161 \/ ASME SB-161 (seamless pipe and tube; the scope names N02200 and N02201 together) \u00b7 ASTM B163 \/ ASME SB-163 (condenser and heat-exchanger tube) \u00b7 ASTM B775 and B829 (general requirements) \u00b7 DIN 17751 \u00b7 ISO 6207 \u00b7 BS 3074 (NA12)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">Tube and pipe \u2014 welded<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">NO AMS number \u00b7 ASTM B725 \/ ASME SB-725 (welded pipe) \u00b7 ASTM B730 \/ ASME SB-730 (welded tube) \u00b7 ASTM B751 and B775 (general requirements)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">Forging<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">NO AMS number \u00b7 ASTM B564 DOES NOT COVER THIS ALLOY \u2014 the B564 scope list contains N02200 but not N02201 \u00b7 DIN 17754 and ISO 9725 are used; the acceptance criteria must be set by the purchase order text<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">Wire, ribbon<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\"><b style=\"font-size:16.5px;font-weight:800;color:#12303f;\">AMS 5555<\/b> is titled &#8216;Nickel Wire and Ribbon 99Ni&#8217;; the SAE title states no carbon class, so it COULD NOT BE VERIFIED whether it belongs to 200 or 201 \u00b7 There is no ASTM wire specification; DIN 17753 and ISO 9724 are used<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">Welded fitting<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">NO AMS number \u00b7 ASTM B366 \/ ASME SB-366 (from the specification list of the Special Metals bulletin; the scope text of this number was not read one by one in this work)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">Chemical composition (form independent)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">DIN 17740 \u00b7 UNS N02201 \u00b7 W.Nr. 2.4068 (and 2.4061)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"padding:6px 14px 12px;font-size:12px;color:#5b7180;line-height:1.7;border-top:1px solid #f0f3f5;position:relative;z-index:2;\">AMS numbers are given first, ASTM afterwards. The ONLY AMS number that could be verified for Nickel 201 is AMS 5553, and it covers SHEET and STRIP only. The ASTM B564 row is the most important warning on this map: N02201 forgings cannot be ordered under that specification. The scope texts of ASTM B366, B751, B775 and B829 were not read one by one in this session; they come from the specification list of the Special Metals bulletin.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><!-- \/dm-diy-std --><\/p>\n<p><!-- \/dm-zengin --><\/p>\n<div class=\"dm-benzer\" style=\"margin:22px 0 0;padding:14px 16px;border:1px solid #e0e0e0;background:#FBFCFD;\">\n<p style=\"font-size:11px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.08em;text-transform:uppercase;color:#9aa3a8;margin:0 0 8px;line-height:1.4;\">Related grades<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0;font-size:15px;line-height:2;color:#333;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/en\/invar-36\/\" style=\"color:#24BEE5;font-weight:600;text-decoration:none;\">Invar 36<\/a> &nbsp;\u00b7&nbsp; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/en\/kovar\/\" style=\"color:#24BEE5;font-weight:600;text-decoration:none;\">Kovar<\/a> &nbsp;\u00b7&nbsp; Tungsten &nbsp;\u00b7&nbsp; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/en\/nikel-200\/\" style=\"color:#24BEE5;font-weight:600;text-decoration:none;\">Nickel 200<\/a> &nbsp;\u00b7&nbsp; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/en\/nickel-alloys\/\" style=\"color:#666;font-weight:600;text-decoration:none;\">All nickel alloys \u2192<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p><!-- dm-ld --><script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"name\":\"Nickel 201\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/en\/nikel-201\/\",\"inLanguage\":\"en\",\"description\":\"Nickel 201 (UNS N02201 \/ W.Nr. 2.4068 \/ \\\"LC-Ni 99\\\") is the low-carbon sibling of Nickel 200. Under the ASTM\/ASME system the two grades are chemically identical in every element except carbon: Ni (+Co) \u226599.0%, Cu \u22640.25%, Fe \u22640.40%, Mn \u22640.35%, Si \u22640.35%, S \u22640.010% \u2014 and C: \u22640.15% in 200, \u22640.02% in\u2026\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"name\":\"Defence Metal\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/\"},\"publisher\":{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"name\":\"Defence Metal\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/\"},\"mainEntity\":{\"@type\":\"DefinedTerm\",\"name\":\"Nickel 201\",\"description\":\"Nickel 201 (UNS N02201 \/ W.Nr. 2.4068 \/ \\\"LC-Ni 99\\\") is the low-carbon sibling of Nickel 200. Under the ASTM\/ASME system the two grades are chemically identical in every element except carbon: Ni (+Co) \u226599.0%, Cu \u22640.25%, Fe \u22640.40%, Mn \u22640.35%, Si \u22640.35%, S \u22640.010% \u2014 and C: \u22640.15% in 200, \u22640.02% in\u2026\",\"inDefinedTermSet\":{\"@type\":\"DefinedTermSet\",\"name\":\"Defence Metal - metals and alloys\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/\"},\"alternateName\":[\"UNS N02201\",\"W.Nr. 2.4068\"],\"identifier\":[{\"@type\":\"PropertyValue\",\"propertyID\":\"UNS\",\"value\":\"N02201\"},{\"@type\":\"PropertyValue\",\"propertyID\":\"Werkstoffnummer\",\"value\":\"2.4068\"}]}}<\/script><!-- \/dm-ld --><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Nickel 201 \/ (2.4061) \/ UNS N02201 \/ AMS 5553 DEFENCE METAL Nickel 201 UNS N02201 \u00b7 W.Nr. 2.4068 (Special Metals and VDM also list 2.4061 for the same alloy) \u00b7 EN\/DIN designation LC-Ni99 (low-carbon nickel); producer designation Nickel LC 99.2 \u00b7 Ni(+Co) 99.0% min \u2013 C 0.02% max \u2013 Cu 0.25% max \u2013 Fe &hellip; <\/p>\n<p class=\"link-more\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/en\/nikel-201\/\" class=\"more-link\"><span class=\"screen-reader-text\"> &#8220;Nickel 201&#8221;<\/span>devam\u0131n\u0131 oku<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":3526,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_title":"NICKEL 201 \/ (2.4061) \/ UNS N02201 \/ AMS 5553 | Defence Metal","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Nickel 201 (UNS N02201, 2.4061) \u2014 AMS 5553. Low-carbon commercially pure nickel, min 99% Ni, preferred over Nickel 200 above 315 \u00b0C.","inspiro_hide_title":false,"inspiro_hide_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"dm_sektor":[10,13,15],"class_list":["post-3565","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>NICKEL 201 \/ (2.4061) \/ UNS N02201 \/ AMS 5553 | Defence Metal<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Nickel 201 (UNS N02201, 2.4061) \u2014 AMS 5553. 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