{"id":3547,"date":"2026-09-16T10:58:52","date_gmt":"2026-09-16T07:58:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/en\/waspaloy\/"},"modified":"2026-09-25T16:25:46","modified_gmt":"2026-09-25T13:25:46","slug":"waspaloy","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/en\/waspaloy\/","title":{"rendered":"Waspaloy \/ (2.4654) \/ AMS 5706 \/ AMS 5544"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><!-- dm-hap --><\/p>\n<h1 class=\"dm-ust-baslik\" style=\"font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,'Segoe UI',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif !important;text-transform:none !important;font-size:27px;line-height:1.3;font-weight:800;color:#12303f;margin:0 0 10px;letter-spacing:-.01em;\">Waspaloy \/ (2.4654) \/ UNS N07001 \/ AMS 5706 \/ AMS 5544<\/h1>\n<div style=\"border:1px solid #d7dfe4;background:#ffffff;margin:0 0 22px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\"><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"background:#12303f;padding:14px 16px 12px;position:relative;z-index:2;\">\n<div style=\"font-size:22px;font-weight:700;color:#fff;line-height:1.25;\">Waspaloy<\/div>\n<div style=\"font-family:ui-monospace,Menlo,Consolas,monospace;font-size:12.5px;color:#b9cfdb;line-height:1.5;margin-top:5px;word-wrap:break-word;\">UNS N07001 \u00b7 W.Nr. 2.4654 \u00b7 AISI 685 \u00b7 MSRR 7192 \u00b7 Ni balance (~57-58%) \u2013 Cr 18.00-21.00 \u2013 Co 12.00-15.00 \u2013 Mo 3.50-5.00 \u2013 Ti 2.75-3.25 \u2013 Al 1.20-1.60 \u2013 Fe 2.00 max \u2013 Si 0.75 max \u2013 Mn 0.50 max \u2013 Cu 0.10 max \u2013 C 0.02-0.10 \u2013 B 0.003-0.010 \u2013 Zr 0.02-0.12 \u2013 S 0.020 max. Waspaloy is a PRECIPITATION HARDENING (age hardening) nickel-base superalloy: hardening comes from the gamma-prime Ni3(Al,Ti) precipitate, which is why aluminium and titanium both carry lower bounds in the specification. Waspaloy is a registered trademark (United Technologies Corp.).<\/div>\n<div data-dmkars-blok=\"1\" style=\"border-top:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.16);margin-top:13px;padding-top:11px;\">\n<div style=\"font-size:10px;letter-spacing:.09em;text-transform:uppercase;color:#7f9fb0;font-weight:700;margin-bottom:8px;\">Not to be confused with<\/div>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/2026\/09\/15\/inconel-718-waspaloy-difference\/\" data-dmkars=\"1\" style=\"display:inline-block;padding:4px 11px;border:1px solid rgba(36,190,229,.45);background:rgba(36,190,229,.12);border-radius:99px;margin:0 6px 6px 0;font-size:12.5px;font-weight:600;color:#9fe2f7;text-decoration:none;\">Inconel 718<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/2026\/09\/16\/nimonic-80a-waspaloy-difference\/\" data-dmkars=\"1\" style=\"display:inline-block;padding:4px 11px;border:1px solid rgba(36,190,229,.45);background:rgba(36,190,229,.12);border-radius:99px;margin:0 6px 6px 0;font-size:12.5px;font-weight:600;color:#9fe2f7;text-decoration:none;\">Nimonic 80A<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"position:relative;z-index:2;\">\n<div style=\"display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">\n<div style=\"flex:0 0 118px;padding:11px 14px;background:#F7FAFB;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:.09em;text-transform:uppercase;color:#6b8091;font-weight:600;line-height:1.5;\">For what<\/div>\n<div style=\"flex:1 1 230px;min-width:0;padding:11px 14px;font-size:14.5px;line-height:1.7;color:#3d5260;word-wrap:break-word;overflow-wrap:break-word;\">It is bought for gas turbine hot-section parts: compressor and turbine discs, rotors, shafts, spacers, turbine cases, seals, fasteners and airframe attachments.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">\n<div style=\"flex:0 0 118px;padding:11px 14px;background:#F7FAFB;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:.09em;text-transform:uppercase;color:#6b8091;font-weight:600;line-height:1.5;\">Forms<\/div>\n<div style=\"flex:1 1 230px;min-width:0;padding:11px 14px;font-size:14.5px;line-height:1.7;color:#3d5260;word-wrap:break-word;overflow-wrap:break-word;\">Round bar \u00b7 flat bar \u00b7 plate \u00b7 sheet \u00b7 strip \u00b7 wire \u00b7 tube \u00b7 forging \u00b7 ring. All forms are supplied to order.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">\n<div style=\"flex:0 0 118px;padding:11px 14px;background:#F7FAFB;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:.09em;text-transform:uppercase;color:#6b8091;font-weight:600;line-height:1.5;\">Standards<\/div>\n<div style=\"flex:1 1 230px;min-width:0;padding:11px 14px;font-size:14.5px;line-height:1.7;color:#3d5260;word-wrap:break-word;overflow-wrap:break-word;\">AMS (EVERY NUMBER VERIFIED ONE BY ONE; THE TITLES ARE IN THE SPECIFICATION NOTE): <b style=\"font-size:16.5px;font-weight:800;color:#12303f;\">AMS 5544<\/b> (sheet, strip, plate \u2014 annealed) \u00b7 <b style=\"font-size:16.5px;font-weight:800;color:#12303f;\">AMS 5586<\/b> (welded tubing \u2014 annealed) \u00b7 <b style=\"font-size:16.5px;font-weight:800;color:#12303f;\">AMS 5704<\/b> (forgings \u2014 996-1038 C solution, stabilization and precipitation) \u00b7 <b style=\"font-size:16.5px;font-weight:800;color:#12303f;\">AMS 5706<\/b> (bars, forgings, rings \u2014 996-1038 C SOLUTION HEAT TREATED ONLY) \u00b7 <b style=\"font-size:16.5px;font-weight:800;color:#12303f;\">AMS 5707<\/b> (bars, forgings, rings and forging stock \u2014 996-1038 C solution, stabilization and precipitation) \u00b7 <b style=\"font-size:16.5px;font-weight:800;color:#12303f;\">AMS 5708<\/b> (bars, wire, forgings, rings \u2014 1079 C SOLUTION HEAT TREATED ONLY) \u00b7 <b style=\"font-size:16.5px;font-weight:800;color:#12303f;\">AMS 5709<\/b> (bars and forgings \u2014 1079 C solution, stabilization and precipitation) \u00b7 <b style=\"font-size:16.5px;font-weight:800;color:#12303f;\">AMS 5828<\/b> (welding wire \u2014 vacuum induction melted, solution heat treated). ASTM\/ASME: ASTM B637 \/ ASME SB-637 (precipitation-hardening and cold-worked nickel alloy bars, forgings and forging stock); N07001 is within the scope of this specification, which gives the heat treatment cycle in Table 2 and the mechanical minimum in Table 3. ISO 9723 \/ 9724 \/ 9725. Others: MSRR 7192 \u00b7 PWA 1007, 1016, 1027, 1057 \u00b7 EMS 52517, 55388, 55424 \u00b7 LHM 2417 (Carpenter Technology list).<br \/><span style=\"font-size:12.5px;color:#7b8f9b;line-height:1.6;display:inline-block;margin-top:6px;\">ALL EIGHT AMS NUMBERS WERE VERIFIED ONE BY ONE FROM THE SAE\/ANSI CATALOGUE TITLE; ALL EIGHT BELONG TO THE WASPALOY COMPOSITION.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">\n<div style=\"flex:0 0 118px;padding:11px 14px;background:#F7FAFB;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:.09em;text-transform:uppercase;color:#6b8091;font-weight:600;line-height:1.5;\">Advantage<\/div>\n<div style=\"flex:1 1 230px;min-width:0;padding:11px 14px;font-size:14.5px;line-height:1.7;color:#3d5260;word-wrap:break-word;overflow-wrap:break-word;\">That hardness and strength can be SET by heat treatment. In the fully heat-treated condition ATI gives a band of 34-44 HRC; Carpenter Technology sets room-temperature yield strength anywhere between 800 MPa and 1076 MPa on the same alloy by changing the SOLUTION TREATMENT TEMPERATURE alone (1975 F\u2026<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">\n<div style=\"flex:0 0 118px;padding:11px 14px;background:#F7FAFB;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:.09em;text-transform:uppercase;color:#6b8091;font-weight:600;line-height:1.5;\">Welding<\/div>\n<div style=\"flex:1 1 230px;min-width:0;padding:11px 14px;font-size:14.5px;line-height:1.7;color:#3d5260;word-wrap:break-word;overflow-wrap:break-word;\">Welding is done in the SOLUTION-TREATED \/ ANNEALED condition, not in the aged condition (High Temp Metals). Filler metal: <b style=\"font-size:16.5px;font-weight:800;color:#12303f;\">AMS 5828<\/b> Waspaloy welding wire (vacuum induction melted, solution heat treated);<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">\n<div style=\"flex:0 0 118px;padding:11px 14px;background:#fdeceb;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:.09em;text-transform:uppercase;color:#c0392b;font-weight:600;line-height:1.5;\">Limits<\/div>\n<div style=\"flex:1 1 230px;min-width:0;padding:11px 14px;font-size:14.5px;line-height:1.7;color:#3d5260;word-wrap:break-word;overflow-wrap:break-word;background:#fdeceb;\">1) OXIDATION CEILING: ATI reports good oxidation resistance for intermittent service up to 871 C (1600 F); the Wikipedia record gives good oxidation resistance in gas turbine atmospheres to 870 C and retention of strength to roughly 980 C. High Temp Metals states that degradation begins above 871 C.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"padding:14px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/en\/contact\/\" style=\"display:inline-block;padding:11px 20px;font-size:14px;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;margin:0 8px 6px 0;background:#dd3333;color:#ffffff;\">REQUEST A QUOTE<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/en\/nickel-alloys\/\" style=\"display:inline-block;padding:11px 20px;font-size:14px;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;margin:0 8px 6px 0;font-weight:600;border:1px solid #12303f;color:#12303f;\">All nickel alloys &rarr;<\/a><span data-dm=\"dm-teknik\" style=\"cursor:pointer;display:inline-block;padding:11px 20px;font-size:14px;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;margin:0 8px 6px 0;border:1px solid #dd3333;color:#dd3333;\">TECHNICAL DETAILS &darr;<\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"padding:9px 14px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-size:11.5px;color:#8a9aa4;line-height:1.5;\">Compiled from manufacturer data sheets \u00b7 confirm against the current specification before ordering<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><!-- \/dm-hap --><!-- dm-nav --><\/p>\n<style>h4[id^=\"dm-b\"]{scroll-margin-top:120px}#dm-teknik{scroll-margin-top:120px}<\/style>\n<div style=\"border:1px solid #d7dfe4;background:#ffffff;margin:0 0 22px;padding:12px 14px;\">\n<div style=\"font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:.09em;text-transform:uppercase;color:#6b8091;font-weight:600;margin-bottom:9px;\">On this page &middot; click to jump<\/div>\n<div><span data-dm=\"dm-b0\" style=\"cursor:pointer;display:inline-block;padding:5px 11px;border:1px solid #dfe6ea;background:#F7FAFB;margin:0 6px 7px 0;font-size:13px;color:#12303f;\">What Waspaloy Is<\/span><span data-dm=\"dm-b1\" style=\"cursor:pointer;display:inline-block;padding:5px 11px;border:1px solid #dfe6ea;background:#F7FAFB;margin:0 6px 7px 0;font-size:13px;color:#12303f;\">Standards by Product Form<\/span><span data-dm=\"dm-b2\" style=\"cursor:pointer;display:inline-block;padding:5px 11px;border:1px solid #dfe6ea;background:#F7FAFB;margin:0 6px 7px 0;font-size:13px;color:#12303f;\">Code Acceptance and Temperature Ceilings<\/span><span data-dm=\"dm-b3\" style=\"cursor:pointer;display:inline-block;padding:5px 11px;border:1px solid #dfe6ea;background:#F7FAFB;margin:0 6px 7px 0;font-size:13px;color:#12303f;\">Product Forms With NO Standard<\/span><span data-dm=\"dm-b4\" style=\"cursor:pointer;display:inline-block;padding:5px 11px;border:1px solid #dfe6ea;background:#F7FAFB;margin:0 6px 7px 0;font-size:13px;color:#12303f;\">Chemical Composition<\/span><span data-dm=\"dm-b5\" style=\"cursor:pointer;display:inline-block;padding:5px 11px;border:1px solid #dfe6ea;background:#F7FAFB;margin:0 6px 7px 0;font-size:13px;color:#12303f;\">Mechanical Properties<\/span><span data-dm=\"dm-b6\" style=\"cursor:pointer;display:inline-block;padding:5px 11px;border:1px solid #dfe6ea;background:#F7FAFB;margin:0 6px 7px 0;font-size:13px;color:#12303f;\">Physical Properties<\/span><span data-dm=\"dm-b7\" style=\"cursor:pointer;display:inline-block;padding:5px 11px;border:1px solid #dfe6ea;background:#F7FAFB;margin:0 6px 7px 0;font-size:13px;color:#12303f;\">Heat Treatment and Thermal Stability<\/span><span data-dm=\"dm-b8\" style=\"cursor:pointer;display:inline-block;padding:5px 11px;border:1px solid #dfe6ea;background:#F7FAFB;margin:0 6px 7px 0;font-size:13px;color:#12303f;\">Welding<\/span><span data-dm=\"dm-b9\" style=\"cursor:pointer;display:inline-block;padding:5px 11px;border:1px solid #dfe6ea;background:#F7FAFB;margin:0 6px 7px 0;font-size:13px;color:#12303f;\">Machining<\/span><span data-dm=\"dm-b10\" style=\"cursor:pointer;display:inline-block;padding:5px 11px;border:1px solid #dfe6ea;background:#F7FAFB;margin:0 6px 7px 0;font-size:13px;color:#12303f;\">Corrosion and Oxidation<\/span><span data-dm=\"dm-b11\" style=\"cursor:pointer;display:inline-block;padding:5px 11px;border:1px solid #dfe6ea;background:#F7FAFB;margin:0 6px 7px 0;font-size:13px;color:#12303f;\">Frequently Asked Questions<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><script>(function(){function go(id){var e=document.getElementById(id);if(e){var s=document.scrollingElement||document.documentElement;var y=e.getBoundingClientRect().top+s.scrollTop-118;if(y-0-0-0-0!==y){y=0;}window.scrollTo(0,y);}}function bind(el){el.addEventListener(\"click\",function(ev){ev.preventDefault();go(el.getAttribute(\"data-dm\"));});}function init(){var l=document.querySelectorAll(\"[data-dm]\");Array.prototype.forEach.call(l,bind);if(location.hash){if(location.hash.indexOf(\"#dm-\")===0){try{history.replaceState(null,\"\",location.pathname+location.search);}catch(e){}window.scrollTo(0,0);setTimeout(function(){window.scrollTo(0,0);},80);}}}if(document.readyState===\"loading\"){document.addEventListener(\"DOMContentLoaded\",init);}else{init();}})();<\/script><!-- \/dm-nav --><br \/>\n<span id=\"dm-teknik\" style=\"display:block;height:0;overflow:hidden;\"><\/span><br \/>\nWaspaloy is a nickel-based, age-hardenable superalloy developed to provide superior mechanical strength, oxidation resistance and thermal stability at high temperature. Within the nickel alloy group it is one of the reference materials, used with confidence in gas turbine engines since the 1950s. Its UNS designation is N07001.<\/p>\n<p>The alloy is hardened through precipitation of the \u03b3\u2032 (gamma prime) phase formed by the aluminium and titanium additions. This precipitate phase restricts dislocation movement at high temperature and so gives outstanding resistance to creep. The high cobalt content of the composition increases thermal stability.<\/p>\n<p>It is often compared with Inconel 718. The essential difference is this: the \u03b3\u2032 phase in Waspaloy stays stable at higher temperatures, so Waspaloy is the choice for applications above 700 \u00b0C. Below 700 \u00b0C, 718 is usually the more economical solution.<\/p>\n<p>It is used in jet engine turbine discs, fuel nozzles, combustion chamber components, exhaust systems and high temperature fasteners. It is supplied with certification to the aerospace, energy, nuclear and petrochemical sectors.<\/p>\n<div style=\"border:1px solid #d7dfe4;background:#ffffff;margin:24px 0 18px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\">\n<div style=\"background:#DD3333;color:#ffffff;font-size:13px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.04em;text-transform:uppercase;padding:10px 12px;line-height:1.35;\">Chemical Composition \u00b7 Waspaloy (N07001)<\/div>\n<p><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<table style=\"border-collapse:collapse;width:100%;font-size:15px;line-height:1.5;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\">Ni \u2014 Nickel<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">58 \u2013 61%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\">Cr \u2014 Chromium<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">18 \u2013 21%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\">Co \u2014 Cobalt<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">12 \u2013 15%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\">Mo \u2014 Molybdenum<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">3.5 \u2013 5.0%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\">Ti \u2014 Titanium<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">2.75 \u2013 3.50%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\">Al \u2014 Aluminium<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">1.20 \u2013 1.60%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\">Fe \u2014 Iron<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">2.0% max<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\">C \u2014 Carbon<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">0.02 \u2013 0.10%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"border:1px solid #d7dfe4;background:#ffffff;margin:24px 0 18px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\">\n<div style=\"background:#DD3333;color:#ffffff;font-size:13px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.04em;text-transform:uppercase;padding:10px 12px;line-height:1.35;\">Mechanical and Physical Properties \u00b7 Solution Annealed + Ageing<\/div>\n<p><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<table style=\"border-collapse:collapse;width:100%;font-size:15px;line-height:1.5;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\">Tensile strength (R<sub>m<\/sub>)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">1200 \u2013 1500 MPa<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\">Yield strength (R<sub>p0.2<\/sub>)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">~1000 MPa<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\">Hardness<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">35 \u2013 45 HRC<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\">Density<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">8.19 g\/cm\u00b3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\">Melting range<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">1320 \u2013 1380 \u00b0C<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\">Modulus of elasticity<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">213 GPa<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\">Creep strength<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">750 \u2013 870 \u00b0C outstanding stability in this range<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"dm-std\" style=\"border:1px solid #d7dfe4;background:#ffffff;margin:24px 0 18px;\">\n<div style=\"background:#DD3333;color:#ffffff;font-size:13px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.04em;text-transform:uppercase;padding:10px 12px;line-height:1.35;\">Standards and Equivalents \u00b7 Waspaloy<\/div>\n<div data-dmtw=\"1\" style=\"position:relative;overflow:hidden;\"><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"position:relative;z-index:2;overflow-x:auto;\">\n<table style=\"border-collapse:collapse;width:100%;font-size:15px;line-height:1.5;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\">Trade name<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">Waspaloy<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\">UNS<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">N07001<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\">W.Nr (DIN\/EN)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">2.4654<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\">AMS<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">5544 \u00b7 5706<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\">Available forms<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">Round bar \u00b7 Flat bar \u00b7 Plate \u00b7 Sheet \u00b7 Tube \u00b7 Forgings<br \/><span style=\"font-size:13px;color:#6b7a84;\">All forms are supplied to order.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"margin:28px 0 0;padding:14px 16px;border:1px solid #e0e0e0;background:#FBFCFD;font-size:15px;line-height:1.7;\">\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 10px;\"><span style=\"color:#DD3333;font-weight:700;\">\u2192<\/span> Contact us for Waspaloy stock availability, sizes and AMS 5706 \/ AMS 5544 certified supply.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/en\/contact\/\" style=\"display:inline-block;background:#DD3333;color:#ffffff;font-weight:700;font-size:14px;padding:9px 16px;text-decoration:none;\">Request a quote<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"margin:22px 0 0;padding:14px 16px;border:1px solid #e0e0e0;background:#FBFCFD;\">\n<p style=\"font-size:11px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.08em;text-transform:uppercase;color:#9aa3a8;margin:0 0 8px;line-height:1.4;\">Related grades<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0;font-size:15px;line-height:2;color:#333;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/en\/inconel-718\/\" style=\"color:#24BEE5;font-weight:600;text-decoration:none;\">Inconel 718<\/a> &nbsp;\u00b7&nbsp; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/en\/inconel-x750\/\" style=\"color:#24BEE5;font-weight:600;text-decoration:none;\">Inconel X750<\/a> &nbsp;\u00b7&nbsp; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/en\/nimonic-80a\/\" style=\"color:#24BEE5;font-weight:600;text-decoration:none;\">Nimonic 80A<\/a> &nbsp;\u00b7&nbsp; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/en\/hastelloy-x\/\" style=\"color:#24BEE5;font-weight:600;text-decoration:none;\">Hastelloy X<\/a> &nbsp;\u00b7&nbsp; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/en\/nickel-alloys\/\" style=\"color:#666;font-weight:600;text-decoration:none;\">All nickel alloys \u2192<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p><!-- dm-zengin --><\/p>\n<h4 id=\"dm-b0\" style=\"font-size:19px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;margin:30px 0 10px;line-height:1.35;\">What Waspaloy Is \u2014 and Why It Does Not Sit on the Same Shelf as 718<\/h4>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 12px;font-size:15px;line-height:1.75;\">Waspaloy (UNS <b>N07001<\/b> \/ W.Nr. <b>2.4654<\/b> \/ EN designation <b>NiCr19Co14Mo4Ti3Al<\/b> \/ former ASTM grade name <b>Grade 685<\/b>) is a <b>\u03b3&#8217; (gamma-prime) precipitation-hardening nickel\u2013chromium\u2013cobalt\u2013molybdenum superalloy<\/b>. Nominally <b>58 % Ni \u2013 19 % Cr \u2013 13.5 % Co \u2013 4.3 % Mo \u2013 3 % Ti \u2013 1.5 % Al<\/b>. One sentence separates it from everything around it: <b>its strength comes from Ni\u2083(Al,Ti) \u03b3&#8217; precipitates, not from the \u03b3&#8221; (Ni\u2083Nb) precipitates of alloy 718<\/b> \u2014 and that single metallurgical fact explains both why it beats 718 above 650 \u00b0C and why it is a far harder material on the welding bench.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 12px;font-size:15px;line-height:1.75;\"><b>Waspaloy is a registered trademark<\/b> (registered to United Technologies Corp; developed by Pratt &amp; Whitney in the 1950s), so it is bought and sold <b>by UNS number and AMS specification, not by alloy name<\/b>. The correct purchasing language is <b>&#8220;AMS 5708 \/ UNS N07001&#8221;<\/b>; &#8220;Waspaloy-type material&#8221; states neither a chemistry nor a heat-treated condition.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 12px;font-size:15px;line-height:1.75;\"><b>This is not a corrosion alloy.<\/b> Seeing 19 % chromium and 4 % molybdenum does not put it in the same category as <a href=\"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/en\/inconel-625\/\">alloy 625<\/a> or <a href=\"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/en\/hastelloy-c-276\/\">C-276<\/a>. Here Mo is a <b>solid-solution strengthener<\/b>, not a pitting-resistance element; Ti and Al are <b>\u03b3&#8217; formers<\/b>. Waspaloy is a <b>combustion-gas and mechanical-load alloy<\/b>: turbine and compressor discs, shafts, spacers, seals, rings, cases and fasteners.<\/p>\n<div style=\"border:1px solid #d7dfe4;background:#ffffff;margin:24px 0 18px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\">\n<div style=\"background:#DD3333;color:#ffffff;font-size:13px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.04em;text-transform:uppercase;padding:10px 12px;line-height:1.35;\">Honest Positioning Within the Family \u2014 \u03b3&#8217; Volume Fraction Explains Everything<\/div>\n<p><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<table style=\"border-collapse:collapse;width:100%;font-size:15px;line-height:1.5;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>Alloy 718<\/b><br \/>(N07718 \/ 2.4668)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">Hardened by <b>\u03b3&#8221; (Ni\u2083Nb, body-centred tetragonal)<\/b>. Al+Ti roughly <b>1.4 % by weight<\/b>. \u03b3&#8221; kinetics are <b>very sluggish<\/b> \u2014 which is exactly why 718 welds easily. The price: <b>\u03b3&#8221; is unstable above about 650 \u00b0C and transforms to the stable \u03b4 (Ni\u2083Nb) phase<\/b>. <b>The real ceiling of 718 is ~650 \u00b0C<\/b>, and that is a phase diagram, not a marketing limit<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\"><b>Waspaloy<\/b><br \/>(N07001 \/ 2.4654)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">Hardened by <b>\u03b3&#8217; (Ni\u2083(Al,Ti), ordered FCC L1\u2082)<\/b>. Al+Ti from nominal is roughly <b>4.5 % by weight<\/b>; in atomic terms <b>Al 3.1 % + Ti 3.5 % = 6.6 %<\/b>. <b>Equilibrium \u03b3&#8217; at 760 \u00b0C is 24 mole %.<\/b> \u03b3&#8217; is stable and has no waiting transformation \u2014 <b>which is why Waspaloy clearly beats 718 in the 650\u2013760 \u00b0C band<\/b>. The price: those same fast kinetics mean <b>strain-age cracking<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>Ren\u00e9 41<\/b><br \/>(N07041 \/ 2.4973)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">The harder end of the same family: <b>\u03b3&#8217; at 760 \u00b0C is 27 mole %<\/b>, atomic Al+Ti <b>7.1 %<\/b>. Strength is <b>generally comparable<\/b> to Waspaloy \u2014 that is the manufacturer&#8217;s own wording, not &#8220;clearly superior&#8221;. <b>Its weldability is worse than Waspaloy&#8217;s<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\"><b>Alloy 263 \u00b7 alloy 282<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">The deliberately de-tuned &#8220;fabricable&#8221; generation: <b>263 at 12 %<\/b>, <b>282 at 19 %<\/b> mole \u03b3&#8217;. Minimum elongation in the controlled-heating-rate tensile test (CHRT): <b>282 gives 13 % at 816 \u00b0C<\/b>, whereas <b>Waspaloy and R-41 both fall below 5 %<\/b>. Alloy 282 reaches <b>R-41-level creep strength with far less \u03b3&#8217;<\/b>, and the manufacturer states plainly that Waspaloy is <b>&#8220;being replaced in many applications by 282&#8221;<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<h4 id=\"dm-b1\" style=\"font-size:19px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;margin:30px 0 10px;line-height:1.35;\">Standards by Product Form<\/h4>\n<p><!-- dm-diy-std --><\/p>\n<div style=\"border:1px solid #e3e9ec;margin:22px 0 26px;background:#fff;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\">\n<div style=\"background:#12303f;color:#fff;padding:9px 14px;font-size:14px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.3px;position:relative;z-index:2;\">STANDARDS BY PRODUCT FORM<\/div>\n<div style=\"position:relative;z-index:2;\">\n<div style=\"padding:12px 12px 2px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\"><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"overflow-x:auto;position:relative;z-index:2;\">\n<table style=\"width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:13.5px;min-width:430px;background:transparent;\">\n<tr>\n<th style=\"padding:7px 9px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:#12303f;background:#F2F6F8;border:1px solid #eceff1;\">Product form<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding:7px 9px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:#12303f;background:#F2F6F8;border:1px solid #eceff1;\">Standards<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">Sheet, strip, plate<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\"><b style=\"font-size:16.5px;font-weight:800;color:#12303f;\">AMS 5544<\/b> \u2014 &#8216;Sheet, Strip, and Plate &#8230; Consumable Electrode or Vacuum Induction Melted, Annealed&#8217;; it requires the ANNEALED condition. There is NO ASTM or ASME specification for sheet, strip and plate. On the European side AECMA prEN 2195 is quoted (it could not be independently verified in this work).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">Bar, forging, ring \u2014 SOLUTION TREATED ONLY (low route)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\"><b style=\"font-size:16.5px;font-weight:800;color:#12303f;\">AMS 5706<\/b> \u2014 &#8216;Bars, Forgings, and Rings &#8230; 1825 to 1900 F Solution Heat Treated&#8217;. THIS MATERIAL IS NOT AGED (about 20-25 HRC) and does not meet service strength; it is bought for parts that will be aged later.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">Bar, forging, ring and forging stock \u2014 FULL CYCLE (low route)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\"><b style=\"font-size:16.5px;font-weight:800;color:#12303f;\">AMS 5707<\/b> \u2014 &#8216;Bars, Forgings, and Rings &#8230; 1825 to 1900 F (996 to 1038 C) Solution, Stabilization, and Precipitation Heat Treated&#8217; \u00b7 ASTM B637 \/ ASME SB-637 (N07001 is within scope; Table 2 gives this route&#8217;s cycle and Table 3 the minimums) \u00b7 ISO 9723 \/ 9724 \/ 9725 \u00b7 MSRR 7192.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">Forging \u2014 FULL CYCLE (low route)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\"><b style=\"font-size:16.5px;font-weight:800;color:#12303f;\">AMS 5704<\/b> \u2014 &#8216;Forgings &#8230; 1825 to 1900 F (996 to 1038 C) Solution, Stabilization, and Precipitation Heat Treated&#8217;. The difference from <b style=\"font-size:16.5px;font-weight:800;color:#12303f;\">AMS 5707<\/b> is SCOPE: 5704 covers forgings only, 5707 covers bar plus forgings plus rings plus forging stock.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">Bar, wire, forging, ring \u2014 SOLUTION TREATED ONLY (high route)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\"><b style=\"font-size:16.5px;font-weight:800;color:#12303f;\">AMS 5708<\/b> \u2014 &#8216;Bars, Wire, Forgings, and Rings &#8230; 1975 F (1079 C) Solution Heat Treated&#8217;. THIS MATERIAL IS NOT AGED. This number covers WIRE as well; 5706 does not.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">Bar and forging \u2014 FULL CYCLE (high route)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\"><b style=\"font-size:16.5px;font-weight:800;color:#12303f;\">AMS 5709<\/b> \u2014 &#8216;Bars and Forgings &#8230; 1975 F (1079 C) Solution, Stabilization, and Precipitation Heat Treated&#8217;. THIS IS THE ROUTE ON WHICH CREEP AND STRESS-RUPTURE STRENGTH ARE OPTIMIZED; stabilization runs for 24 hours.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">Welded tubing<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\"><b style=\"font-size:16.5px;font-weight:800;color:#12303f;\">AMS 5586<\/b> \u2014 &#8216;Welded Tubing &#8230; (Waspaloy), Consumable Electrode Remelted or Vacuum Induction Melted, Annealed&#8217;; it requires the ANNEALED condition. No verified specification for seamless tubing could be found.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">Welding wire<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\"><b style=\"font-size:16.5px;font-weight:800;color:#12303f;\">AMS 5828<\/b> \u2014 &#8216;Welding Wire 57Ni &#8211; 19.5Cr &#8211; 13.5Co &#8211; 4.2Mo &#8211; 3.1Ti &#8211; 1.4Al &#8211; 0.006B, Vacuum Induction Melted, Solution Heat Treated&#8217;.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">Customer \/ engine builder specifications<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">PWA 1007, 1016, 1027, 1057 \u00b7 EMS 52517, 55388, 55424 \u00b7 LHM 2417 (Carpenter Technology list). These are engine builder specifications; the acceptance criterion is defined separately on the order.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"padding:6px 14px 12px;font-size:12px;color:#5b7180;line-height:1.7;border-top:1px solid #f0f3f5;position:relative;z-index:2;\">THE AMS NUMBERS COME FIRST and all eight were verified one by one from the SAE\/ANSI catalogue title. THE MOST USEFUL PART OF THIS CARD IS THIS: on Waspaloy, choosing an AMS number means choosing a PRODUCT FORM plus a SOLUTION-TREATMENT ROUTE plus a HEAT-TREAT CONDITION all at once. 5706 and 5707 sit on the same temperature route but one is solution treated only and the other is the full cycle; the relation between 5708 and 5709 is the same, and those two sit on the 1079 C route. AMS 5704 AND AMS 5707 ARE IDENTICAL IN HEAT TREATMENT; the difference is scope (5704 covers forgings only). THERE IS NO ASTM\/ASME SPECIFICATION FOR SHEET AND PLATE: that form is ordered through AMS 5544 alone. ASTM B637 DOES COVER N07001. One specification summary page shows N07001 as outside the scope; N07001 was read directly in a transcription of ASTM B637&#8217;s Table 1, Table 2 and Table 3 (see contradictions).<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><!-- \/dm-diy-std --><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 12px;font-size:15px;line-height:1.75;\"><b>Waspaloy belongs to the AMS (aerospace) world, not the ASTM\/ASME world.<\/b> There is exactly one ASTM product specification and it covers only bar and forgings. For plate, wire, pipe and castings the position is far weaker \u2014 and that is the commercially important fact.<\/p>\n<div style=\"border:1px solid #d7dfe4;background:#ffffff;margin:24px 0 18px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\">\n<div style=\"background:#DD3333;color:#ffffff;font-size:13px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.04em;text-transform:uppercase;padding:10px 12px;line-height:1.35;\">Standards by Product Form \u00b7 Waspaloy (N07001 \/ 2.4654)<\/div>\n<p><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<table style=\"border-collapse:collapse;width:100%;font-size:15px;line-height:1.5;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>Bar \u00b7 rod \u00b7 forgings \u00b7 forging stock \u00b7 rings<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>ASTM B637 \/ ASME SB-637<\/b> \u2014 &#8220;Standard Specification for Precipitation-Hardening and Cold Worked Nickel Alloy Bars, Forgings, and Forging Stock for Moderate or High Temperature Service&#8221;. <b>N07001 is in scope<\/b>; it is one of the nine grades covered (N07252, N07001, N07500, N07750, N07718, N07080, N07752, N09925, N07725)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\"><b>Bar \u00b7 forgings \u00b7 rings (aerospace)<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\"><b>AMS 5704 \u00b7 5706 \u00b7 5707 \u00b7 5708 \u00b7 5709<\/b> \u2014 all five are N07001 and all five are in the bar\/forging\/ring family. What separates them is <b>not the product form but the delivered heat-treated condition<\/b>. <b>Do not treat these five numbers as interchangeable<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>Plate \u00b7 sheet \u00b7 strip \u00b7 foil<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>AMS 5544<\/b> \u2014 a stand-alone sheet\/plate\/strip specification. <b>There is NO ASTM or ASME specification for this form.<\/b> On the European side <b>AECMA prEN 2195<\/b> covers it<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\"><b>Bare welding wire \u00b7 filler rod<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\"><b>AMS 5828<\/b>. Also sold as &#8220;WT 685&#8221;, &#8220;Turbaloy 685&#8221; or simply &#8220;Waspaloy filler&#8221;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>ASME Section IX P\/F number<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>\u2014 not verified.<\/b> No published P-No.\/F-No. assignment could be found, which is unsurprising: this is an aerospace alloy, not an ASME boiler-and-pressure-vessel alloy. <b>Do not publish a P number.<\/b> Aerospace welding is qualified to AMS\/NADCAP procedures<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<p style=\"margin:18px 0 6px;font-size:15px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;line-height:1.5;\">What actually separates the five AMS numbers \u2014 the delivered condition<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 12px;font-size:15px;line-height:1.75;\"><b>This is where the most expensive ordering mistakes happen.<\/b> All five say &#8220;Waspaloy bar and forgings&#8221;, but one arrives <b>soft enough to machine<\/b> and another arrives <b>at full strength<\/b>. A fabricator who gets the wrong number either tries to machine a 42 HRC block, or loses dimensional control when the finish-machined part is aged.<\/p>\n<div style=\"border:1px solid #d7dfe4;background:#ffffff;margin:24px 0 18px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\">\n<div style=\"background:#DD3333;color:#ffffff;font-size:13px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.04em;text-transform:uppercase;padding:10px 12px;line-height:1.35;\">AMS Number \u2192 Delivered Condition (sources disagree)<\/div>\n<p><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<table style=\"border-collapse:collapse;width:100%;font-size:15px;line-height:1.5;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>AMS 5704<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>Contradictory.<\/b> One mill page describes it as &#8220;forgings, solution + stabilization + precipitation heat treated&#8221;; a distributor page describes the same number as <b>&#8220;solution heat treated, machining stock for complex engine disc and shaft machining&#8221;<\/b> with minima of <b>130 ksi (896 MPa) tensile \/ 80 ksi (552 MPa) yield \/ 20 % elongation<\/b>. <b>Both cannot be true<\/b> \u2014 have the current revision read before ordering<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\"><b>AMS 5706<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">Bar\/forgings\/rings, <b>solution heat treated<\/b> (one mill). Another distributor describes the same number as <b>precipitation hardened, 185 ksi (1276 MPa) tensile minimum<\/b>. <b>Again contradictory<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>AMS 5707<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">Bar\/forgings\/rings \u2014 <b>solution + stabilization + precipitation heat treated<\/b>. One source states it is specifically for <b>ring forgings<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\"><b>AMS 5708<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">Bar and forgings \u2014 <b>solution heat treated<\/b>. <b>This is the most widely stocked number.<\/b> One distributor gives the &#8220;Type 2&#8221; treatment as: solution <b>1038\u20131080 \u00b0C (1900\u20131975 \u00b0F) for 1\u20134 h, air cool<\/b> (\u2264302 HB) \u2192 stabilize <b>843 \u00b0C \/ 4 h<\/b> \u2192 precipitate <b>760 \u00b0C \/ 16 h<\/b> \u2192 <b>32\u201342 HRC<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>AMS 5709<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">Bar and forgings \u2014 <b>solution + stabilization + precipitation heat treated<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\"><b>How to order safely<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\"><b>Do not rely on the AMS number; write the condition into the order.<\/b> &#8220;UNS N07001, AMS 5708 current rev., <b>solution treated and not aged<\/b>, \u2264302 HB, EN 10204 3.1&#8243; and &#8220;UNS N07001, AMS 5709, <b>fully heat treated<\/b>, 34\u201344 HRC&#8221; <b>do not describe the same material and do not carry the same price<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<h4 id=\"dm-b2\" style=\"font-size:19px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;margin:30px 0 10px;line-height:1.35;\">Code Acceptance and Temperature Ceilings \u2014 What Each Number Actually Means<\/h4>\n<p><!-- dm-diy-isil --><\/p>\n<div style=\"border:1px solid #e3e9ec;margin:22px 0 26px;background:#fff;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\">\n<div style=\"background:#12303f;color:#fff;padding:9px 14px;font-size:14px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.3px;position:relative;z-index:2;\">HEAT TREATMENT \u2014 SCHEMATIC<\/div>\n<div style=\"position:relative;z-index:2;\">\n<div style=\"padding:14px 12px 4px;display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:10px;align-items:stretch;\">\n<div style=\"flex:1 1 180px;min-width:150px;background:#12303f;color:#fff;padding:12px 14px;\">\n<div style=\"font-size:12.5px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.06em;line-height:1.35;\">1 \u00b7 SOLUTION TREATMENT<\/div>\n<div style=\"font-size:12.5px;line-height:1.5;margin-top:4px;opacity:.88;\">LOW ROUTE (for tensile strength): 996-1038 C (1825-1900 F) \u2014 ASTM B637 Table 2, the AMS 5704 \/ 5706 \/ 5707 titles, ATI. Special Metals gives this route as 995-1035 C (1825-1895 F); Carpenter Technology calls 1024-1038 C (1875-1900 F) the practical compromise. HIGH ROUTE (for creep and rupture strength): 1079 C (1975 F) \u2014 the AMS 5708 \/ 5709 titles, ATI, Carpenter Technology. Special Metals gives this route as 1080 C (1975 F).<br \/>LOW ROUTE: 4 hours (ASTM B637, Special Metals, ATI). HIGH ROUTE: Special Metals 4 hours, ATI half an hour or 4 hours, Carpenter Technology 3 hours. As no single time on the high route could be verified from 4 independent sources, it is left as 3-4 hours.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"flex:1 1 180px;min-width:150px;background:#c0392b;color:#fff;padding:12px 14px;\">\n<div style=\"font-size:12.5px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.06em;line-height:1.35;\">2 \u00b7 COOL<\/div>\n<div style=\"font-size:12.5px;line-height:1.5;margin-top:4px;opacity:.88;\">LOW ROUTE: oil or water quench \u2014 ASTM B637 &#8216;oil or water quench&#8217;, Special Metals oil quench, ATI water or oil, Carpenter Technology oil quench. HIGH ROUTE: Special Metals and ATI give AIR COOLING; Carpenter Technology tabulates this route with an oil quench as well. THE COOLING ROUTES OF THE TWO ROUTES DIFFER and have not been reduced to one.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"flex:1 1 180px;min-width:150px;background:#1b7f4b;color:#fff;padding:12px 14px;\">\n<div style=\"font-size:12.5px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.06em;line-height:1.35;\">3 \u00b7 AGEING<\/div>\n<div style=\"font-size:12.5px;line-height:1.5;margin-top:4px;opacity:.88;\">see the table below<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"padding:10px 12px 2px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\"><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"position:relative;z-index:2;\">\n<div style=\"font-size:13.5px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;margin:6px 0 6px;\">Solution treatment<\/div>\n<table style=\"width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:13.5px;background:transparent;\">\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Step<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">STAGE 1 \u00b7 SOLUTION TREATMENT \u2014 THERE ARE TWO SEPARATE ROUTES<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Summary<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">It takes the gamma-prime precipitate back into solid solution. The temperature chosen decides what the alloy will finally be good for: the LOW ROUTE optimizes room- and high-temperature TENSILE strength, the HIGH ROUTE optimizes CREEP and STRESS-RUPTURE strength. Material given only this stage is SOFT (20-25 HRC) and is not a service part; AMS 5706 and AMS 5708 require that condition.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Temperature<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">LOW ROUTE (for tensile strength): 996-1038 C (1825-1900 F) \u2014 ASTM B637 Table 2, the AMS 5704 \/ 5706 \/ 5707 titles, ATI. Special Metals gives this route as 995-1035 C (1825-1895 F); Carpenter Technology calls 1024-1038 C (1875-1900 F) the practical compromise. HIGH ROUTE (for creep and rupture strength): 1079 C (1975 F) \u2014 the AMS 5708 \/ 5709 titles, ATI, Carpenter Technology. Special Metals gives this route as 1080 C (1975 F).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Time<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">LOW ROUTE: 4 hours (ASTM B637, Special Metals, ATI). HIGH ROUTE: Special Metals 4 hours, ATI half an hour or 4 hours, Carpenter Technology 3 hours. As no single time on the high route could be verified from 4 independent sources, it is left as 3-4 hours.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Cooling<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">LOW ROUTE: oil or water quench \u2014 ASTM B637 &#8216;oil or water quench&#8217;, Special Metals oil quench, ATI water or oil, Carpenter Technology oil quench. HIGH ROUTE: Special Metals and ATI give AIR COOLING; Carpenter Technology tabulates this route with an oil quench as well. THE COOLING ROUTES OF THE TWO ROUTES DIFFER and have not been reduced to one.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Purpose<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">LOW ROUTE leads to AMS 5706 (solution treated only), AMS 5707 and AMS 5704 (full cycle). HIGH ROUTE leads to AMS 5708 (solution treated only) and AMS 5709 (full cycle). ASTM B637 Table 2 describes the LOW ROUTE only.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Resulting hardness<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">The solution-treated-only condition is about 20-25 HRC (Tech Steel, high route). Carpenter Technology gives 28-30 HRC for the air-cooled condition and 90 HRB for the water-quenched annealed condition.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"padding:10px 12px 2px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\"><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"position:relative;z-index:2;\">\n<div style=\"font-size:13.5px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;margin:6px 0 6px;\">STAGE 2 \u00b7 STABILIZATION \u2014 LOW ROUTE (after the 996-1038 C solution treatment)<\/div>\n<table style=\"width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:13.5px;background:transparent;\">\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Step<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">STAGE 2 \u00b7 STABILIZATION \u2014 LOW ROUTE (after the 996-1038 C solution treatment)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Temperature<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">843 +\/-14 C (1550 +\/-25 F) \u2014 ASTM B637 Table 2. Special Metals, ATI, Carpenter Technology and High Temp Metals give 845 C (1550 F).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Time<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">4 hours \u2014 ASTM B637, Special Metals, ATI, Carpenter Technology, High Temp Metals.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Cooling<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">Air cool \u2014 all sources.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Note<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">This stage is NOT an ageing step but an intermediate stage that controls the grain-boundary carbides; if it is skipped the cycle counts as incomplete.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"padding:10px 12px 2px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\"><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"position:relative;z-index:2;\">\n<div style=\"font-size:13.5px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;margin:6px 0 6px;\">STAGE 2 \u00b7 STABILIZATION \u2014 HIGH ROUTE (after the 1079 C solution treatment)<\/div>\n<table style=\"width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:13.5px;background:transparent;\">\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Step<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">STAGE 2 \u00b7 STABILIZATION \u2014 HIGH ROUTE (after the 1079 C solution treatment)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Temperature<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">845 C (1550 F) \u2014 Special Metals, ATI, High Temp Metals, Tech Steel.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Time<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">24 HOURS \u2014 Special Metals, ATI (4 or 24 hours), High Temp Metals (24 hours after 1975 F), Tech Steel. THAT IS SIX TIMES LONGER THAN THE LOW ROUTE; this is where the two routes separate.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Cooling<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">Air cool \u2014 all sources.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Note<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">This is the route on which creep and stress-rupture strength are optimized. If the difference in time (4 hours versus 24 hours) is not written into the order, the wrong cycle will be run.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"padding:10px 12px 2px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\"><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"position:relative;z-index:2;\">\n<div style=\"font-size:13.5px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;margin:6px 0 6px;\">STAGE 3 \u00b7 PRECIPITATION AGEING (gamma-prime) \u2014 COMMON TO BOTH ROUTES<\/div>\n<table style=\"width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:13.5px;background:transparent;\">\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Step<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">STAGE 3 \u00b7 PRECIPITATION AGEING (gamma-prime) \u2014 COMMON TO BOTH ROUTES<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Temperature<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">760 +\/-14 C (1400 +\/-25 F) \u2014 ASTM B637 Table 2. Special Metals, ATI, Carpenter Technology, High Temp Metals and Tech Steel give 760 C (1400 F).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Time<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">16 hours \u2014 ASTM B637, Special Metals, Carpenter Technology, High Temp Metals, Tech Steel. ATI gives 16-24 hours.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Cooling<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">Air cool \u2014 Special Metals, ATI, Carpenter Technology, High Temp Metals. ASTM B637 accepts air cooling OR furnace cooling.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Resulting hardness<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">Fully heat-treated condition: ATI 34-44 HRC \u00b7 Tech Steel 34-40 HRC for the high route and 33-44 HRC for the low route \u00b7 Carpenter Technology 35-42 HRC depending on the solution-treatment temperature.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Note<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">This is the stage that builds hardness and strength. The Ni3(Al,Ti) gamma-prime precipitate forms here.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"padding:10px 12px 2px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\"><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"position:relative;z-index:2;\">\n<div style=\"font-size:13.5px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;margin:6px 0 6px;\">Additional information<\/div>\n<table style=\"width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:13.5px;background:transparent;\">\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Treatments to avoid<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">WELDING IN THE AGED CONDITION: welding is done in the solution-treated \/ annealed condition, and re-solution treatment after welding is required (High Temp Metals). \u00b7 SKIPPING THE STABILIZATION STAGE: ASTM B637 and every producer cycle describe a three-stage cycle; if stabilization is skipped the cycle does not meet the AMS 5704 \/ 5707 \/ 5709 requirement. \u00b7 MIXING THE STAGES OF THE TWO ROUTES: a 1079 C solution treatment with a 4 hour stabilization, or a 996-1038 C solution treatment with a 24 hour stabilization, is not a cycle described in any source. \u00b7 TAKING SOLUTION-TREATED-ONLY MATERIAL FOR A SERVICE PART: AMS 5706 and AMS 5708 require that condition; the material sits around 20-25 HRC and does not meet service strength. \u00b7 FORGING BELOW 980 C OR OUTSIDE THE HOT-WORKING WINDOW: Special Metals asks that the 1170-980 C range be kept to, to avoid work hardening and cracking.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"padding:6px 14px 12px;font-size:12px;color:#5b7180;line-height:1.7;border-top:1px solid #f0f3f5;position:relative;z-index:2;\">The diagram is schematic; the time axis is not to scale. Waspaloy is a GENUINE PRECIPITATION HARDENING alloy: hardening comes from the gamma-prime Ni3(Al,Ti) precipitate and the cycle has THREE STAGES \u2014 solution treatment, stabilization, precipitation ageing. THERE ARE TWO SEPARATE SOLUTION-TREATMENT ROUTES and which one is chosen changes both the AMS number and the resulting properties. No curve has been drawn because no published TTT\/CCT curve was used. The diagram is schematic; the time axis is not to scale. No curve has been drawn because no published TTT\/CCT curve was used. WASPALOY IS A GENUINE PRECIPITATION HARDENING ALLOY and that is exactly what separates it from the 600, 601, C-276, C-22, C-2000 and B-3 cards in this project: there the cards say there is no ageing, here ageing is the centre of the cycle. THE TWO ROUTES ARE TWO DIFFERENT PRODUCTS FROM THE SAME ALLOY: the 996-1038 C route is for tensile strength, the 1079 C route for creep and rupture strength. The stabilization time changes with it as well (4 hours versus 24 hours). ASTM B637 TABLE 2 DESCRIBES THE LOW ROUTE ONLY: 996-1038 C \/ 4 hours \/ oil or water quench, then 843 +\/-14 C \/ 4 hours \/ air cool, then 760 +\/-14 C \/ 16 hours \/ air cool or furnace cool. THERE IS A CONTRADICTION ON THE COOLING ROUTE OF THE HIGH ROUTE: Special Metals and ATI give air cooling, Carpenter Technology an oil quench. It has not been reduced to one (see contradictions).<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><!-- \/dm-diy-isil --><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 12px;font-size:15px;line-height:1.75;\"><b>There is no single &#8220;maximum service temperature&#8221; for Waspaloy<\/b>, and each of the figures in circulation measures something different. Labelling them side by side is the single most useful thing a product page can do.<\/p>\n<div style=\"border:1px solid #d7dfe4;background:#ffffff;margin:24px 0 18px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\">\n<div style=\"background:#DD3333;color:#ffffff;font-size:13px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.04em;text-transform:uppercase;padding:10px 12px;line-height:1.35;\">Four Different Temperatures, Four Different Meanings<\/div>\n<p><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<table style=\"border-collapse:collapse;width:100%;font-size:15px;line-height:1.5;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>\u2248650 \u00b0C (1200 \u00b0F)<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>The practical ceiling for critical rotating parts.<\/b> Manufacturer wording: &#8220;excellent high-temperature strength \u2026 at service temperatures up to 650 \u00b0C for critical rotating&#8221; parts. <b>If you are designing a disc, shaft or rotor, this is the realistic number<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\"><b>\u2248760 \u00b0C (1400 \u00b0F)<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\"><b>The ageing temperature, and therefore the microstructural ceiling.<\/b> Run the alloy at its own ageing temperature and \u03b3&#8217; coarsening simply continues throughout service<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>\u2248870 \u00b0C (1600 \u00b0F)<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>Less demanding applications<\/b>, and the limit of <b>good resistance in gas turbine combustion environments<\/b>. One mill page states explicitly that <b>intergranular oxidation begins above this temperature<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\"><b>\u2248980 \u00b0C (1800 \u00b0F)<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">Published as the limit of <b>&#8220;very good strength&#8221;<\/b>. Do not mistake it for a service temperature: the same manufacturer&#8217;s <b>8,000-hour exposure data<\/b> shows room-temperature elongation falling from <b>24.5 % to 13 %<\/b> after 871 \u00b0C<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>ASME BPVC status<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>ASME SB-637 exists as a MATERIAL specification.<\/b> However, <b>no published maximum allowable stress or code temperature for N07001 in Section II Part D could be independently verified.<\/b> <b>Do not publish an ASME VIII \/ B31.3 design temperature for Waspaloy.<\/b> For pressure equipment, look at alloys that are code-listed (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/en\/inconel-625\/\">625<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/en\/inconel-718\/\">718<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/en\/incoloy-800h\/\">800H<\/a>)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<h4 id=\"dm-b3\" style=\"font-size:19px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;margin:30px 0 10px;line-height:1.35;\">Product Forms With NO Standard \u2014 the Commercially Valuable Section<\/h4>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 12px;font-size:15px;line-height:1.75;\"><b>This is the section your sales engineers should memorise.<\/b> Much of the Waspaloy enquiry flow is for forms no product specification covers. The honest answer is <b>&#8220;let us write into the contract which document we will build it to&#8221;<\/b>.<\/p>\n<div style=\"border:1px solid #d7dfe4;background:#ffffff;margin:24px 0 18px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\">\n<div style=\"background:#DD3333;color:#ffffff;font-size:13px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.04em;text-transform:uppercase;padding:10px 12px;line-height:1.35;\">Specification Gaps for N07001<\/div>\n<p><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<table style=\"border-collapse:collapse;width:100%;font-size:15px;line-height:1.5;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>Seamless pipe and tube<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>There is NO verified ASTM\/ASME pipe or tube specification.<\/b> B637 is explicitly &#8220;bars, forgings, and forging stock&#8221;; tube is not in scope. One distributor page lists <b>&#8220;AMS 5586&#8221;<\/b> as a Waspaloy tubing specification \u2014 <b>this could not be verified and most likely belongs to a different alloy<\/b>. <b>Do not publish a Waspaloy pipe specification number<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\"><b>Welded pipe \u00b7 fittings \u00b7 flanges<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\"><b>No standard exists for any of them.<\/b> None of the B366, B462 or B564 family lists N07001. Waspaloy fittings or flanges are made <b>only to the buyer&#8217;s drawing, machined from B637 bar<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>Cold-drawn structural wire \u00b7 spring wire<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>There is no dedicated structural wire product specification.<\/b> <b>AMS 5828 is a WELDING CONSUMABLE specification<\/b> and is not a substitute. One strip producer publishes a spring-temper maximum of <b>200 ksi (1380 MPa)<\/b> tensile \u2014 <b>single-source, company specification<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\"><b>Castings<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\"><b>There is NO standardised cast equivalent.<\/b> The alloy was designed as a wrought material; its \u03b3&#8217; level and titanium content cause hot tearing and segregation in investment casting. <b>There is no such standard product as a &#8220;cast Waspaloy valve body&#8221;.<\/b> If a casting is required, look at alloys designed for casting (IN-738, Mar-M, the 713 family)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>Fasteners<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>There is NO dedicated ASTM bolting specification<\/b> \u2014 B637 is bar and forgings. Waspaloy is nevertheless <b>a common aerospace bolting material<\/b>, and that work is done to <b>NAS\/MS\/engine-builder drawings<\/b>. Quote it as &#8220;machined from B637 bar to buyer&#8217;s drawing&#8221;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\"><b>NACE MR0175 \/ ISO 15156<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\"><b>Listing of N07001 in ISO 15156-3 Annex A COULD NOT BE VERIFIED<\/b>, and no manufacturer bulletin mentions NACE at all. <b>Do not issue a sour-service certificate for N07001.<\/b> The listed nickel alloys for that duty are the Ni-Cr-Mo grades (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/en\/hastelloy-c-276\/\">N10276<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/en\/hastelloy-c-22\/\">N06022<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/en\/inconel-625\/\">N06625<\/a>)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<h4 id=\"dm-b4\" style=\"font-size:19px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;margin:30px 0 10px;line-height:1.35;\">Chemical Composition<\/h4>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 12px;font-size:15px;line-height:1.75;\"><b>ASTM B637 \/ AMS common band, weight %:<\/b> <b>Cr 18.00\u201321.00<\/b> \u00b7 <b>Co 12.00\u201315.00<\/b> \u00b7 <b>Mo 3.50\u20135.00<\/b> \u00b7 <b>Ti 2.75\u20133.25<\/b> \u00b7 <b>Al 1.20\u20131.60<\/b> \u00b7 <b>Zr 0.02\u20130.12<\/b> \u00b7 <b>B 0.003\u20130.010<\/b> \u00b7 Fe \u22642.00 \u00b7 Cu \u22640.50 \u00b7 Si \u22640.75 \u00b7 Mn \u22641.00 \u00b7 P \u22640.030 \u00b7 S \u22640.030 \u00b7 <b>Ni remainder<\/b>. <b>Sources diverge on carbon:<\/b> ASTM B637 gives <b>0.03\u20130.10 %<\/b> while manufacturer and aerospace data sheets give <b>0.02\u20130.10 %<\/b>. <b>The difference is at the lower bound and it is not trivial<\/b> \u2014 carbon here feeds the grain-boundary M\u2082\u2083C\u2086 carbides that carry creep resistance. <b>Molybdenum is a solid-solution strengthener, not a corrosion element<\/b>; above 5 % TCP (\u03c3, \u00b5) phases become a risk.<\/p>\n<div style=\"border:1px solid #d7dfe4;background:#ffffff;margin:24px 0 18px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\">\n<div style=\"background:#DD3333;color:#ffffff;font-size:13px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.04em;text-transform:uppercase;padding:10px 12px;line-height:1.35;\">What Each Element Does \u2014 and Why These Bands<\/div>\n<p><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<table style=\"border-collapse:collapse;width:100%;font-size:15px;line-height:1.5;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>Aluminium + titanium<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">The entire alloy is built on these two: <b>Ni\u2083(Al,Ti) \u03b3&#8217;<\/b>. Nominally <b>Ti 3.0 % + Al 1.5 % \u2248 4.5 % by weight<\/b>; in atomic terms <b>Ti 3.5 % + Al 3.1 % = 6.6 %<\/b>. The <b>Ti\/Al ratio of about 2<\/b> is not accidental: Ti-rich \u03b3&#8217; hardens more, but <b>as Ti rises the \u03b3&#8217; solvus rises, the solution-treat window narrows and the weld-cracking risk climbs<\/b> \u2014 which is exactly why the Ti ceiling stops at 3.25 %<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\"><b>Cobalt (12\u201315 %)<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">The second big difference from 718. Cobalt <b>lowers stacking-fault energy<\/b>, raises matrix creep resistance, and <b>lowers the \u03b3&#8217; solvus<\/b> so that solution treatment can be carried out at a practical temperature. <b>13.5 % cobalt is a large part of the cost<\/b> and the main driver of price volatility<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>Boron (0.003\u20130.010 %) \u00b7 Zr (0.02\u20130.12 %)<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>Grain-boundary elements whose narrow bands are deceptive.<\/b> They segregate to boundaries, raise boundary cohesion and <b>multiply stress-rupture life<\/b>. The boron ceiling is 0.010 % because more produces <b>low-melting boride eutectics<\/b> and hot cracking in the weld fusion zone. <b>Do not skip these as &#8220;trace elements&#8221; on the certificate<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"border:1px solid #d7dfe4;background:#ffffff;margin:24px 0 18px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\">\n<div style=\"background:#DD3333;color:#ffffff;font-size:13px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.04em;text-transform:uppercase;padding:10px 12px;line-height:1.35;\">Divergences Between Sources \u2014 the Ones That Matter on a Certificate<\/div>\n<p><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<table style=\"border-collapse:collapse;width:100%;font-size:15px;line-height:1.5;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>Carbon<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>ASTM B637 0.03\u20130.10 %<\/b> \u00b7 <b>manufacturer\/aerospace 0.02\u20130.10 %<\/b>. On a heat certified to the ASTM route, C = 0.025 % is <b>non-conforming<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\"><b>Titanium and aluminium<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\"><b>ASTM\/AMS: Ti 2.75\u20133.25 % \u00b7 Al 1.20\u20131.60 %.<\/b> One distributor publishes <b>Ti 2.60\u20133.25 \/ Al 1.00\u20131.50<\/b>, another <b>Ti 2.75\u20133.75<\/b>. <b>3.75 % is an obvious typographical error<\/b> (a mis-typed 3.25); the others are also outside specification<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>Manganese and silicon<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>The specification ceilings are Mn \u22641.00 % and Si \u22640.75 %<\/b>, yet one manufacturer&#8217;s <b>nominal mill analysis shows Mn \u22640.10 % and Si \u22640.15 %<\/b> \u2014 roughly <b>ten and five times tighter<\/b>. <b>This is not a contradiction, it is mill practice:<\/b> vacuum melting already keeps these very low. If you see 0.8 % manganese on a certificate it is <b>conforming but unusual<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\"><b>Melt route<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">Waspaloy is typically produced <b>VIM + VAR<\/b> (or VIM + ESR). <b>On aerospace orders the melt route is part of the specification<\/b> and &#8220;double melted&#8221; is expected on the certificate<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<h4 id=\"dm-b5\" style=\"font-size:19px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;margin:30px 0 10px;line-height:1.35;\">Mechanical Properties<\/h4>\n<p><!-- dm-diy-sert --><\/p>\n<div style=\"border:1px solid #e3e9ec;margin:22px 0 26px;background:#fff;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\">\n<div style=\"background:#12303f;color:#fff;padding:9px 14px;font-size:14px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.3px;position:relative;z-index:2;\">STRENGTH VALUES<\/div>\n<div style=\"position:relative;z-index:2;\">\n<div style=\"padding:12px 10px 0;\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 740 482\" style=\"width:100%;height:auto;display:block;\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" role=\"img\"><rect x=\"16\" y=\"6\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"#12303f\"\/><text x=\"34\" y=\"16\" font-size=\"11.5\" fill=\"#12303f\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">Yield (MPa)<\/text><rect x=\"146\" y=\"6\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"#7fa8bd\"\/><text x=\"164\" y=\"16\" font-size=\"11.5\" fill=\"#12303f\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">Tensile (MPa)<\/text><text x=\"16\" y=\"44\" font-size=\"12.5\" font-weight=\"bold\" fill=\"#12303f\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">ASTM B637 \/ ASME SB-637 \u00b7 N07001 \u00b7 bar, forging, forging stock<\/text><rect x=\"16\" y=\"50\" width=\"497.7\" height=\"15\" fill=\"#7fa8bd\"\/><text x=\"520.7\" y=\"62\" font-size=\"11.5\" fill=\"#5b7180\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">1100<\/text><rect x=\"16\" y=\"68\" width=\"343.9\" height=\"15\" fill=\"#12303f\"\/><text x=\"366.9\" y=\"80\" font-size=\"11.5\" fill=\"#5b7180\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">760<\/text><text x=\"16\" y=\"108\" font-size=\"12.5\" font-weight=\"bold\" fill=\"#12303f\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">AMS 5707 \u00b7 bar, forging, ring<\/text><rect x=\"16\" y=\"114\" width=\"497.7\" height=\"15\" fill=\"#7fa8bd\"\/><text x=\"520.7\" y=\"126\" font-size=\"11.5\" fill=\"#5b7180\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">1100<\/text><rect x=\"16\" y=\"132\" width=\"343.9\" height=\"15\" fill=\"#12303f\"\/><text x=\"366.9\" y=\"144\" font-size=\"11.5\" fill=\"#5b7180\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">760<\/text><text x=\"16\" y=\"172\" font-size=\"12.5\" font-weight=\"bold\" fill=\"#12303f\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">TYPICAL \u00b7 1010 C (1850 F) solution treatment plus full cycle (Carpenter Technolog\u2026<\/text><rect x=\"16\" y=\"178\" width=\"652.0\" height=\"15\" fill=\"#7fa8bd\"\/><text x=\"675.0\" y=\"190\" font-size=\"11.5\" fill=\"#5b7180\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">1441<\/text><rect x=\"16\" y=\"196\" width=\"486.9\" height=\"15\" fill=\"#12303f\"\/><text x=\"509.9\" y=\"208\" font-size=\"11.5\" fill=\"#5b7180\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">1076<\/text><text x=\"16\" y=\"236\" font-size=\"12.5\" font-weight=\"bold\" fill=\"#12303f\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">TYPICAL \u00b7 1038 C (1900 F) solution treatment plus full cycle (Carpenter Technolog\u2026<\/text><rect x=\"16\" y=\"242\" width=\"602.2\" height=\"15\" fill=\"#7fa8bd\"\/><text x=\"625.2\" y=\"254\" font-size=\"11.5\" fill=\"#5b7180\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">1331<\/text><rect x=\"16\" y=\"260\" width=\"383.7\" height=\"15\" fill=\"#12303f\"\/><text x=\"406.7\" y=\"272\" font-size=\"11.5\" fill=\"#5b7180\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">848<\/text><text x=\"16\" y=\"300\" font-size=\"12.5\" font-weight=\"bold\" fill=\"#12303f\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">TYPICAL \u00b7 1079 C (1975 F) solution treatment plus full cycle (Carpenter Technolog\u2026<\/text><rect x=\"16\" y=\"306\" width=\"577.3\" height=\"15\" fill=\"#7fa8bd\"\/><text x=\"600.3\" y=\"318\" font-size=\"11.5\" fill=\"#5b7180\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">1276<\/text><rect x=\"16\" y=\"324\" width=\"362.0\" height=\"15\" fill=\"#12303f\"\/><text x=\"385.0\" y=\"336\" font-size=\"11.5\" fill=\"#5b7180\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">800<\/text><text x=\"16\" y=\"364\" font-size=\"12.5\" font-weight=\"bold\" fill=\"#12303f\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">TYPICAL \u00b7 sheet, solution plus precipitation (Aircraft Materials)<\/text><rect x=\"16\" y=\"370\" width=\"530.3\" height=\"15\" fill=\"#7fa8bd\"\/><text x=\"553.3\" y=\"382\" font-size=\"11.5\" fill=\"#5b7180\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">1172<\/text><rect x=\"16\" y=\"388\" width=\"343.0\" height=\"15\" fill=\"#12303f\"\/><text x=\"366.0\" y=\"400\" font-size=\"11.5\" fill=\"#5b7180\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">758<\/text><text x=\"16\" y=\"428\" font-size=\"12.5\" font-weight=\"bold\" fill=\"#12303f\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">TYPICAL \u00b7 sheet at 538 C (1000 F) (Aircraft Materials)<\/text><rect x=\"16\" y=\"434\" width=\"452.5\" height=\"15\" fill=\"#7fa8bd\"\/><text x=\"475.5\" y=\"446\" font-size=\"11.5\" fill=\"#5b7180\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">1000<\/text><rect x=\"16\" y=\"452\" width=\"312.2\" height=\"15\" fill=\"#12303f\"\/><text x=\"335.2\" y=\"464\" font-size=\"11.5\" fill=\"#5b7180\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">690<\/text><\/svg><\/div>\n<div style=\"padding:12px 12px 2px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\"><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"overflow-x:auto;position:relative;z-index:2;\">\n<table style=\"width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:13.5px;min-width:430px;background:transparent;\">\n<tr>\n<th style=\"padding:7px 9px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:#12303f;background:#F2F6F8;border:1px solid #eceff1;\">Condition<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding:7px 9px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:#12303f;background:#F2F6F8;border:1px solid #eceff1;\">Hardness<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding:7px 9px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:#12303f;background:#F2F6F8;border:1px solid #eceff1;\">Yield MPa<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding:7px 9px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:#12303f;background:#F2F6F8;border:1px solid #eceff1;\">Tensile MPa<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding:7px 9px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:#12303f;background:#F2F6F8;border:1px solid #eceff1;\">Elongation<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">ASTM B637 \/ ASME SB-637 \u00b7 N07001 \u00b7 bar, forging, forging stock<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">310 HB min<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">760<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">1100<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">15%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">AMS 5707 \u00b7 bar, forging, ring<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">\u2014<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">760<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">1100<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">15%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">TYPICAL \u00b7 1010 C (1850 F) solution treatment plus full cycle (Carpenter Technology)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">42<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">1076<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">1441<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">27%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">TYPICAL \u00b7 1038 C (1900 F) solution treatment plus full cycle (Carpenter Technology)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">37-38<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">848<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">1331<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">33%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">TYPICAL \u00b7 1079 C (1975 F) solution treatment plus full cycle (Carpenter Technology)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">35<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">800<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">1276<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">31%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">TYPICAL \u00b7 fully heat-treated hardness band (ATI \u00b7 Tech Steel)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">33-44<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">\u2014<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">\u2014<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">\u2014<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">SOLUTION TREATED ONLY (the AMS 5706 \/ AMS 5708 condition) \u2014 NOT A SERVICE CONDITION<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">20-30<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">\u2014<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">\u2014<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">\u2014<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">TYPICAL \u00b7 sheet, solution plus precipitation (Aircraft Materials)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">\u2014<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">758<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">1172<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">15%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">TYPICAL \u00b7 sheet at 538 C (1000 F) (Aircraft Materials)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">\u2014<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">690<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">1000<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">13%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"padding:6px 14px 12px;font-size:12px;color:#5b7180;line-height:1.7;border-top:1px solid #f0f3f5;position:relative;z-index:2;\"><b style=\"color:#12303f;\">THE FIRST TWO ROWS ARE SPECIFICATION MINIMUMS (ASTM B637 and AMS 5707) for room temperature; both carry THE SAME figures. THE REMAINING ROWS are producer TYPICAL values, NOT specification requirements; a typical value never goes into a calculation. BECAUSE WASPALOY IS PRECIPITATION HARDENABLE, the rows are split by HEAT-TREAT CONDITION \u2014 that is what separates it from the solid-solution nickel cards in this project. CAUTION: THE SOLUTION-TREATED-ONLY ROW (the AMS 5706 \/ AMS 5708 condition) IS NOT A SERVICE CONDITION; it is about 20-25 HRC and must not be confused with the fully heat-treated 34-44 HRC.<\/b> SPECIFICATION MINIMUM AND TYPICAL VALUE ARE KEPT APART. Only the minimum enters a calculation. ASTM B637 AND AMS 5707 CARRY THE SAME MINIMUM SET: 1100 MPa tensile \/ 760 MPa yield \/ 15% elongation \/ 18% reduction of area. ASTM B637 additionally requires a minimum hardness of 310 HB. CARPENTER TECHNOLOGY&#8217;S THREE ROWS ARE THREE DIFFERENT RESULTS FROM THE SAME ALLOY AFTER THE SAME FULL CYCLE; the only thing that changes is the SOLUTION-TREATMENT TEMPERATURE. Yield strength is set anywhere between 800 MPa and 1076 MPa, and hardness between 35 HRC and 42 HRC, by that single variable. If the solution-treatment temperature is not written into the order, which level arrives is undefined. THE SOLUTION-TREATED-ONLY ROW IS NOT A SERVICE CONDITION: AMS 5706 and AMS 5708 require it and the material sits in the 20-30 HRC band. THE LAST ROW IS NOT A TENSILE VALUE: it is a 1000-hour stress-rupture strength and is not put on the same axis as the tensile rows.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><!-- \/dm-diy-sert --><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 12px;font-size:15px;line-height:1.75;\"><b>Read Waspaloy mechanical data in this order: heat-treatment route first, product form second.<\/b> Room-temperature yield for the same alloy ranges from <b>800 MPa to 1076 MPa<\/b>, and the cause is <b>the solution-treat temperature<\/b>, not heat-to-heat variation.<\/p>\n<div style=\"border:1px solid #d7dfe4;background:#ffffff;margin:24px 0 18px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\">\n<div style=\"background:#DD3333;color:#ffffff;font-size:13px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.04em;text-transform:uppercase;padding:10px 12px;line-height:1.35;\">Specification Minima \u2014 Do Not Mix the Rows<\/div>\n<p><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<table style=\"border-collapse:collapse;width:100%;font-size:15px;line-height:1.5;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>ASTM B637 \u00b7 N07001<\/b><br \/>solution + stabilize + precipitation hardened<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">Tensile <b>\u22651100 MPa (160,000 psi)<\/b> \u00b7 0.2 % yield <b>\u2265760 MPa (110,000 psi)<\/b> \u00b7 Elongation (50 mm) <b>\u226515 %<\/b> \u00b7 Reduction of area <b>\u226518 %<\/b> \u00b7 <b>Brinell \u2265310 HB<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\"><b>AMS 5544 \u00b7 sheet &gt;0.51 mm (0.020 in)<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">RT: tensile <b>\u2265175 ksi (\u22481207 MPa)<\/b> \u00b7 yield <b>\u2265115 ksi (\u2248793 MPa)<\/b> \u00b7 elongation <b>\u226520 %<\/b> \u00b7 at 538 \u00b0C: <b>\u2265150 \/ \u2265105 ksi \/ 15 %<\/b> \u00b7 hardness <b>34\u201344 HRC<\/b>. For sheet \u22640.51 mm the minima drop to <b>170 \/ 110 ksi \/ 15 %<\/b> at RT<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>Aged bar (distributor minima)<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">Tensile <b>\u2265175 ksi (1207 MPa)<\/b> \u00b7 yield <b>\u2265120 ksi (827 MPa)<\/b> \u00b7 elongation <b>\u226515 %<\/b> \u00b7 RA <b>\u226518 %<\/b> \u00b7 <b>341\u2013401 HB<\/b> \u2014 <b>single-source<\/b> and <b>markedly above<\/b> the ASTM minima. Another distributor quotes <b>\u2265185 ksi<\/b> for AMS 5706. <b>Never combine the two systems<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"border:1px solid #d7dfe4;background:#ffffff;margin:24px 0 18px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\">\n<div style=\"background:#DD3333;color:#ffffff;font-size:13px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.04em;text-transform:uppercase;padding:10px 12px;line-height:1.35;\">Typical Tensile vs Temperature \u00b7 Aged (manufacturer data, not guaranteed)<\/div>\n<p><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<table style=\"border-collapse:collapse;width:100%;font-size:15px;line-height:1.5;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>Room temperature<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">Yield <b>899 MPa<\/b> (130.4 ksi) \u00b7 Tensile <b>1304 MPa<\/b> (189.2 ksi) \u00b7 Elongation <b>24.5 %<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\">538 \u00b0C (1000 \u00b0F)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">Yield <b>812<\/b> \u00b7 Tensile <b>1175 MPa<\/b> \u00b7 Elongation <b>22.0 %<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>649 \u00b0C (1200 \u00b0F)<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">Yield <b>784<\/b> \u00b7 Tensile <b>1137 MPa<\/b> \u00b7 Elongation <b>31.9 %<\/b> \u2014 <b>retaining 87 % of room-temperature yield is the alloy&#8217;s reason to exist<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\"><b>760 \u00b0C (1400 \u00b0F)<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">Yield <b>706<\/b> \u00b7 Tensile <b>822 MPa<\/b> \u00b7 Elongation <b>32.8 %<\/b> \u2014 <b>note how the yield-to-tensile gap closes<\/b>: work-hardening capacity is running out<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\">816 \u00b0C (1500 \u00b0F)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">Yield <b>517<\/b> \u00b7 Tensile <b>633 MPa<\/b> \u00b7 Elongation <b>39.7 %<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\">871 \u00b0C (1600 \u00b0F)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">Yield <b>357<\/b> \u00b7 Tensile <b>456 MPa<\/b> \u00b7 Elongation <b>48.0 %<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\">927 \u00b0C \u00b7 982 \u00b0C<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">927 \u00b0C: <b>210 \/ 297 MPa \/ 57.7 %<\/b> \u00b7 982 \u00b0C: <b>132 \/ 174 MPa \/ 57.8 %<\/b> \u2014 <b>these are hot-forming references, not service points<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"border:1px solid #d7dfe4;background:#ffffff;margin:24px 0 18px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\">\n<div style=\"background:#DD3333;color:#ffffff;font-size:13px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.04em;text-transform:uppercase;padding:10px 12px;line-height:1.35;\">Solution-Treated (Unaged) Typical Values \u2014 for Machining and Forming<\/div>\n<p><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<table style=\"border-collapse:collapse;width:100%;font-size:15px;line-height:1.5;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\">Sheet, solution treated<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">Yield <b>419 MPa<\/b> \u00b7 Tensile <b>909 MPa<\/b> \u00b7 Elongation <b>52.2 %<\/b> \u00b7 <b>93 HRBW<\/b> \u00b7 ASTM grain size <b>5\u20136.5<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\">Plate, solution treated<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">Yield <b>604 MPa<\/b> \u00b7 Tensile <b>1067 MPa<\/b> \u00b7 Elongation <b>42.3 %<\/b> \u00b7 <b>29 HRC<\/b> \u00b7 ASTM grain size <b>5.5\u20136.5<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<h4 id=\"dm-b6\" style=\"font-size:19px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;margin:30px 0 10px;line-height:1.35;\">Physical Properties<\/h4>\n<div style=\"border:1px solid #d7dfe4;background:#ffffff;margin:24px 0 18px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\">\n<div style=\"background:#DD3333;color:#ffffff;font-size:13px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.04em;text-transform:uppercase;padding:10px 12px;line-height:1.35;\">Physical Properties \u00b7 Waspaloy (N07001)<\/div>\n<p><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<table style=\"border-collapse:collapse;width:100%;font-size:15px;line-height:1.5;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>Density<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>8.19\u20138.20 g\/cm\u00b3<\/b> (0.296 lb\/in\u00b3) \u2014 four independent sources. One distributor page writes <b>both &#8220;specific gravity 8.25&#8221; and &#8220;0.294 lb\/in\u00b3 = 8,138 kg\/m\u00b3&#8221; in the same table<\/b>; <b>the two contradict each other<\/b>. <b>Publish 8.19 g\/cm\u00b3<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\"><b>Melting range<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\"><b>1330\u20131360 \u00b0C<\/b> (2425\u20132475 \u00b0F) \u2014 two manufacturers agree. A third mill gives <b>1329\u20131407 \u00b0C<\/b>: <b>the same solidus but a liquidus 47 \u00b0C higher<\/b>. <b>The conflict is real<\/b>; for furnace setting, work to the lower figure of <b>1360 \u00b0C<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>Dynamic modulus of elasticity<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">21 \u00b0C <b>213 GPa<\/b> \u00b7 204 \u00b0C 204 \u00b7 427 \u00b0C 192 \u00b7 538 \u00b0C <b>180<\/b> \u00b7 649 \u00b0C 172 \u00b7 760 \u00b0C 164 \u00b7 871 \u00b0C 155 \u00b7 982 \u00b0C <b>146 GPa<\/b>. A second manufacturer gives 211 GPa at 21 \u00b0C, 184 at 538 \u00b0C and 157 at 871 \u00b0C \u2014 <b>a 1\u20132 % difference, immaterial<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\"><b>Thermal conductivity<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">204 \u00b0C <b>12.6 W\/m\u00b7K<\/b> \u00b7 427 \u00b0C 15.7 \u00b7 538 \u00b0C 19.1 \u00b7 649 \u00b0C 20.9 \u00b7 760 \u00b0C 22.7 \u00b7 871 \u00b0C <b>24.5<\/b>. For room temperature one distributor gives <b>\u224811.4 W\/m\u00b7K<\/b>. <b>Comparable to stainless steel, about a fifth of carbon steel<\/b> \u2014 which is why, in machining, the heat leaves through the tool rather than the chip<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>Mean thermal expansion<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">21\u2013427 \u00b0C <b>13.9 \u00d7 10\u207b\u2076 \/K<\/b> \u00b7 21\u2013538 \u00b0C 14.3 \u00b7 21\u2013649 \u00b0C 14.8 \u00b7 21\u2013760 \u00b0C 15.4 \u00b7 21\u2013871 \u00b0C 16.4 \u00b7 21\u2013982 \u00b0C <b>17.8<\/b>. A second manufacturer publishes the same data as 21\u201393 \u00b0C 6.8 \u00b7 21\u2013538 \u00b0C 7.7 \u00b7 21\u20131093 \u00b0C 10.4 \u00d7 10\u207b\u2076\/\u00b0F \u2014 <b>they convert to an exact match<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\"><b>Electrical resistivity<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\"><b>Solution treated at 1080 \u00b0C: 1.24 \u00b5\u03a9\u00b7m<\/b> \u00b7 <b>fully aged: 1.20 \u00b5\u03a9\u00b7m<\/b>. <b>Ageing lowering resistivity is not a measurement error<\/b>: \u03b3&#8217; precipitation pulls Al and Ti out of the matrix and reduces solid-solution scattering. <b>A resistivity check is a practical non-destructive way to confirm whether a part has actually been aged<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>Magnetic permeability<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>1.004<\/b> (H = 200 oersted) \u2014 <b>effectively non-magnetic<\/b>. Both the \u03b3 matrix and the \u03b3&#8217; precipitate are FCC. <b>A magnet will not sort it<\/b>; control material mix-ups with certificates and PMI<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\"><b>Poisson&#8217;s ratio \u00b7 shear modulus<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\"><b>No verified value could be found. Do not publish a number<\/b>; for finite-element work go to MMPDS 6.3.8 or the engine builder&#8217;s material database<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<h4 id=\"dm-b7\" style=\"font-size:19px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;margin:30px 0 10px;line-height:1.35;\">Heat Treatment and Thermal Stability \u2014 Two Routes, Two Different Alloys<\/h4>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 12px;font-size:15px;line-height:1.75;\"><b>Almost no distributor page gets this right.<\/b> Waspaloy has <b>no single &#8220;standard&#8221; heat treatment<\/b>: there are two distinct solution-treatment routes, both legitimate, both written into specifications \u2014 and <b>they produce materially different metal<\/b>.<\/p>\n<div style=\"border:1px solid #d7dfe4;background:#ffffff;margin:24px 0 18px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\">\n<div style=\"background:#DD3333;color:#ffffff;font-size:13px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.04em;text-transform:uppercase;padding:10px 12px;line-height:1.35;\">Two Routes \u2014 Same Ageing, Different Solution Treatment<\/div>\n<p><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<table style=\"border-collapse:collapse;width:100%;font-size:15px;line-height:1.5;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>ROUTE A \u2014 high solution treat<\/b><br \/><b>&#8220;the creep route&#8221;<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">Solution: <b>1080 \u00b0C (1975 \u00b0F) \/ 4 h \/ air cool<\/b> \u2192 intermediate hardness <b>20\u201325 HRC<\/b><br \/>Stabilization: <b>845 \u00b0C (1550 \u00b0F) \/ 24 h \/ air cool<\/b><br \/>Age: <b>760 \u00b0C (1400 \u00b0F) \/ 16 h \/ air cool<\/b> \u2192 <b>34\u201340 HRC<\/b><br \/><b>Purpose: optimum high-temperature creep and stress-rupture strength<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\"><b>ROUTE B \u2014 low solution treat<\/b><br \/><b>&#8220;the tensile route&#8221;<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">Solution: <b>995\u20131035 \u00b0C (1825\u20131895 \u00b0F) \/ 4 h \/ OIL quench<\/b><br \/>Stabilization: <b>845 \u00b0C \/ 4 h \/ air cool<\/b><br \/>Age: <b>760 \u00b0C \/ 16 h \/ air cool<\/b> \u2192 <b>34\u201344 HRC<\/b><br \/><b>Purpose: optimum room- and high-temperature TENSILE properties<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>Which route ASTM B637 codifies<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>Only the LOW route.<\/b> B637 Table 2: solution <b>996\u20131038 \u00b0C, hold 4 h, oil or water quench<\/b> \u2192 stabilize <b>843 \u00b1 14 \u00b0C, hold 4 h, air cool<\/b> \u2192 precipitation harden <b>760 \u00b1 14 \u00b0C, hold 16 h, air cool or furnace cool<\/b>. <b>A buyer who orders to ASTM B637 does not get the high route<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\"><b>A third variant (manufacturer)<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">One manufacturer gives <b>solution anneal 1066\u20131093 \u00b0C + rapid cooling or water quench<\/b>, followed by a <b>THREE-STEP age<\/b>: <b>996 \u00b0C \/ 2 h<\/b> \u2192 <b>843 \u00b0C \/ 4 h<\/b> \u2192 <b>760 \u00b0C \/ 16 h<\/b>, all air cooled. <b>Here 996 \u00b0C is an AGEING step, not a solution treatment<\/b> \u2014 the same temperature appearing in two different roles is the single largest source of confusion in the data sheets<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>The \u03b3&#8217; solvus<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">One source puts the solvus at <b>1016\u20131027 \u00b0C (1860\u20131880 \u00b0F)<\/b> and recommends a practical compromise of <b>1024\u20131038 \u00b0C<\/b>. <b>The low route sits just above the solvus<\/b> (\u03b3&#8217; dissolves, grain growth stays limited); <b>the high route sits well above it<\/b> (\u03b3&#8217; dissolves completely and <b>the grains are deliberately allowed to grow<\/b>). <b>That is the entire difference<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<p style=\"margin:18px 0 6px;font-size:15px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;line-height:1.5;\">What the two routes actually measure out at \u2014 the numbers that belong on a product page<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 12px;font-size:15px;line-height:1.75;\">The table below is <b>the single most important data set<\/b> about Waspaloy. Same bar stock, same stabilization, same 760 \u00b0C \/ 16 h age; <b>the only variable is the solution-treat temperature<\/b>. It is <b>single-source and flagged as such<\/b>, but it matches the route descriptions published by two manufacturers.<\/p>\n<div style=\"border:1px solid #d7dfe4;background:#ffffff;margin:24px 0 18px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\">\n<div style=\"background:#DD3333;color:#ffffff;font-size:13px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.04em;text-transform:uppercase;padding:10px 12px;line-height:1.35;\">Measured Effect of Solution-Treat Temperature (bar stock \u00b7 single source)<\/div>\n<p><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<table style=\"border-collapse:collapse;width:100%;font-size:15px;line-height:1.5;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>1010 \u00b0C (1850 \u00b0F) \/ 4 h<\/b><br \/>room temperature<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">Yield <b>156 ksi (\u22481076 MPa)<\/b> \u00b7 Tensile <b>209 ksi (\u22481441 MPa)<\/b> \u00b7 Elongation <b>27 %<\/b> \u00b7 <b>42 HRC<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\"><b>1080 \u00b0C (1975 \u00b0F) \/ 3 h<\/b><br \/>room temperature<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">Yield <b>116 ksi (\u2248800 MPa)<\/b> \u00b7 Tensile <b>185 ksi (\u22481276 MPa)<\/b> \u00b7 Elongation <b>31 %<\/b> \u00b7 <b>35 HRC<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>DELTA \u2014 room temperature<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>34 % more yield, 13 % more tensile, 7 HRC harder<\/b> in favour of the low route. Elongation goes the other way, <b>27 % against 31 %<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\"><b>538 \u00b0C (1000 \u00b0F)<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\"><b>1010 \u00b0C route:<\/b> yield <b>142 ksi (\u2248979 MPa)<\/b> \u00b7 tensile <b>197 ksi (\u22481358 MPa)<\/b> \u00b7 elongation <b>22 %<\/b><br \/><b>1080 \u00b0C route:<\/b> yield <b>100 ksi (\u2248690 MPa)<\/b> \u00b7 tensile <b>159 ksi (\u22481096 MPa)<\/b> \u00b7 elongation <b>31 %<\/b><br \/><b>The low route leads on yield by 42 %<\/b> \u2014 the gap is widest here<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>RUPTURE LIFE \u2014 the gap reverses<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>732 \u00b0C (1350 \u00b0F) at 75 ksi (\u2248517 MPa):<\/b> the 1010 \u00b0C route gives <b>\u224835 hours<\/b>; the 1038 \u00b0C (1900 \u00b0F) route gives <b>\u2248132 hours<\/b>. <b>Roughly 3.8 TIMES the life.<\/b> What you give up in tensile you get back with interest in creep. At <b>816 \u00b0C (1500 \u00b0F) \/ 47.5 ksi (\u2248328 MPa)<\/b> the 1038 \u00b0C route gives \u224847 h and the 1080 \u00b0C route \u224852 h \u2014 <b>the two high routes converge as temperature rises<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\"><b>THE MECHANISM<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\"><b>A low solution treat leaves a fine-grained structure<\/b>: many boundaries \u2192 many dislocation obstacles \u2192 <b>high yield and high low-cycle fatigue life<\/b>; but boundaries are also <b>the sliding and void-nucleation sites in creep<\/b> \u2192 short rupture life. <b>A high solution treat leaves a coarse-grained structure<\/b>: lower yield, <b>far longer creep life<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 12px;font-size:15px;line-height:1.75;\"><b>Who wants which route:<\/b> the <b>low route<\/b> (995\u20131038 \u00b0C, oil or water quench) is for disc bores, shafts, fasteners, springs and seals \u2014 parts where <b>yield strength and low-cycle fatigue govern and the temperature stays below 650 \u00b0C<\/b>; the <b>high route<\/b> (1066\u20131093 \u00b0C, air cool) is for disc rims, rings and cases \u2014 parts where <b>creep and stress-rupture govern<\/b>. Real disc production wants both at once, which is the origin of thermal-gradient <b>dual-property<\/b> heat treatment \u2014 <b>but that is an engine-builder process, not a commercial stock product<\/b>. <b>Ordering rule: put the solution-treat temperature into the contract AS A NUMBER<\/b> \u2014 &#8220;heat treated per AMS 5709&#8221; does not state which route was used.<\/p>\n<div style=\"border:1px solid #d7dfe4;background:#ffffff;margin:24px 0 18px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\">\n<div style=\"background:#DD3333;color:#ffffff;font-size:13px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.04em;text-transform:uppercase;padding:10px 12px;line-height:1.35;\">Long-Term Thermal Stability \u2014 After 8,000 Hours of Exposure (manufacturer data)<\/div>\n<p><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<table style=\"border-collapse:collapse;width:100%;font-size:15px;line-height:1.5;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>8,000 h at 649 \u00b0C<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">RT: yield <b>950 MPa<\/b> \u00b7 tensile <b>1358 MPa<\/b> \u00b7 elongation <b>21.8 %<\/b>. At 649 \u00b0C: 832 \/ 1181 MPa \/ 29.7 %. <b>Room-temperature strength is HIGHER than before exposure (899\/1304)<\/b> \u2014 \u03b3&#8217; coarsening is still working in your favour here. <b>649 \u00b0C is the safe zone<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\"><b>8,000 h at 760 \u00b0C<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">RT: yield <b>794 MPa<\/b> \u00b7 tensile <b>1229 MPa<\/b> \u00b7 elongation <b>19 %<\/b>. At 760 \u00b0C: 553 \/ 760 MPa \/ 32.1 %. <b>Room-temperature yield down 12 %, elongation from 24.5 % to 19 %<\/b> \u2014 still usable, but <b>no longer free<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>8,000 h at 871 \u00b0C<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">RT: yield <b>455 MPa<\/b> \u00b7 tensile <b>798 MPa<\/b> \u00b7 elongation <b>13 %<\/b>. At 871 \u00b0C: 210 \/ 344 MPa \/ 29.2 %. <b>Room-temperature yield has HALVED and elongation has fallen from 24.5 % to 13 %.<\/b> <b>That is the real price of the sentence &#8220;good to 871 \u00b0C&#8221;<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"border:1px solid #d7dfe4;background:#ffffff;margin:24px 0 18px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\">\n<div style=\"background:#DD3333;color:#ffffff;font-size:13px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.04em;text-transform:uppercase;padding:10px 12px;line-height:1.35;\">Creep and Stress-Rupture \u2014 Two Data Sets That Diverge<\/div>\n<p><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<table style=\"border-collapse:collapse;width:100%;font-size:15px;line-height:1.5;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>Manufacturer A \u2014 ROUTE A (1080 \u00b0C) \u00b7 bar\/forging<\/b><br \/>1,000 h rupture<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">649 \u00b0C <b>615 MPa (89 ksi)<\/b> \u00b7 704 \u00b0C <b>450 MPa (65 ksi)<\/b> \u00b7 760 \u00b0C <b>290 MPa (42 ksi)<\/b> \u00b7 816 \u00b0C <b>180 MPa (26 ksi)<\/b> \u00b7 870 \u00b0C <b>110 MPa (16 ksi)<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\"><b>Manufacturer B \u2014 aged SHEET<\/b><br \/>1,000 h rupture<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">649 \u00b0C <b>552<\/b> \u00b7 704 \u00b0C <b>393<\/b> \u00b7 760 \u00b0C <b>241<\/b> \u00b7 816 \u00b0C <b>138<\/b> \u00b7 871 \u00b0C <b>69<\/b> \u00b7 927 \u00b0C <b>33 MPa<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>THE CONFLICT EXPLAINED<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>The gap at the same temperature runs from 11 % to 37 %, and it is not a measurement error.<\/b> Two differences stack: <b>(1) product form<\/b> \u2014 bar and forgings are coarser grained than sheet and better in creep; <b>(2) heat-treatment route<\/b> \u2014 Route A is already optimised for creep. <b>Use the data for your own product form and your own route; do not merge the two tables and never average them<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\"><b>1 % creep \u00b7 1,000 h (sheet)<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">649 \u00b0C <b>462<\/b> \u00b7 704 \u00b0C <b>317<\/b> \u00b7 760 \u00b0C <b>193<\/b> \u00b7 816 \u00b0C <b>110<\/b> \u00b7 871 \u00b0C <b>48<\/b> \u00b7 927 \u00b0C <b>21 MPa<\/b>. <b>For a part that must hold dimension (a seal, a ring), this is the table to use \u2014 not rupture.<\/b> At 100 h the 1 % creep values are 558 \/ 434 \/ 283 \/ 172 \/ 103 \/ 44 MPa and the 100 h rupture values 634 \/ 517 \/ 365 \/ 221 \/ 131 \/ 69 MPa over the same temperatures<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<h4 id=\"dm-b8\" style=\"font-size:19px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;margin:30px 0 10px;line-height:1.35;\">Welding \u2014 the Alloy&#8217;s Weakest Point<\/h4>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 12px;font-size:15px;line-height:1.75;\"><b>Waspaloy is not an easy alloy to weld, and any data sheet that hides this is doing harm.<\/b> One manufacturer states it outright: the alloy &#8220;is <b>generally regarded as a material that is not readily weldable outside very carefully controlled circumstances<\/b>&#8220;, though it &#8220;can be fusion welded by argon-arc methods&#8221;. Another: &#8220;<b>weldability is somewhat limited by susceptibility to strain age cracking under conditions of heavy restraint<\/b>&#8220;.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:18px 0 6px;font-size:15px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;line-height:1.5;\">Strain-age cracking \u2014 the mechanism<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 12px;font-size:15px;line-height:1.75;\"><b>This is the one failure mechanism you must understand about Waspaloy.<\/b> During welding the HAZ and weld metal carry <b>residual stress<\/b> from shrinkage. When the part is then heat treated, \u03b3&#8217; precipitation is <b>very fast<\/b> and the matrix hardens before that stress can be relieved by plastic flow; the stress <b>concentrates at grain boundaries<\/b> and they open \u2014 intergranular cracking in the HAZ.<br \/><b>The critical detail \u2014 when it happens:<\/b> the manufacturer wording is explicit \u2014 strain-age cracking &#8220;<b>typically occurs upon heating to the solution annealing temperature<\/b>&#8220;. <b>The crack forms not during welding but in the furnace afterwards.<\/b> A part that passes post-weld inspection can come out of heat treatment cracked. <b>Repeat the inspection after heat treatment.<\/b><br \/><b>How susceptible:<\/b> in the controlled-heating-rate tensile test (CHRT) \u2014 the standard measure of strain-age-cracking susceptibility \u2014 <b>Waspaloy and Ren\u00e9 41 both fall below 5 % minimum elongation<\/b>, against <b>13 % at 816 \u00b0C for alloy 282<\/b>, with <b>263 the best of the four<\/b>.<\/p>\n<div style=\"border:1px solid #d7dfe4;background:#ffffff;margin:24px 0 18px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\">\n<div style=\"background:#DD3333;color:#ffffff;font-size:13px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.04em;text-transform:uppercase;padding:10px 12px;line-height:1.35;\">Welding \u00b7 Waspaloy \u2014 Practical Rules<\/div>\n<p><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<table style=\"border-collapse:collapse;width:100%;font-size:15px;line-height:1.5;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>Filler metal<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>AMS 5828 Waspaloy wire<\/b> \u2014 <b>matching composition<\/b> (Ni \u226556 %, Cr 19 %, Co 14 %, Mo 4.0 %, Ti 3.0 %, Al 1.5 %, B 0.006 %). Manufacturer guidance: &#8220;<b>filler metal of matching composition is suggested for welding Waspaloy alloy to itself<\/b>&#8220;. <b>No AWS A5.14 ER classification could be found for this wire<\/b> \u2014 order it by the <b>AMS 5828<\/b> number. Processes listed for it: <b>GTAW, GMAW and resistance welding<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\"><b>In which condition it may be welded<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\"><b>ONLY in the annealed or solution-treated condition. Aged Waspaloy is not welded.<\/b> Welding a fully heat-treated part is a direct invitation to strain-age cracking. Keep <b>restraint to a minimum<\/b> \u2014 heavy restraint is the risk factor the manufacturer names explicitly<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>Preheat \u00b7 interpass \u00b7 heat input<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>No published numerical value could be found for any of the three \u2014 do not publish a figure.<\/b> Working rules: keep preheat low or omit it; hold interpass temperature <b>as low as possible<\/b> (time spent in the 600\u2013800 \u00b0C band starts \u03b3&#8217; precipitation during welding); keep heat input low to get a narrow HAZ and fast cooling<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\"><b>PWHT \u2014 NOT OPTIONAL<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\"><b>Post-weld heat treatment is MANDATORY.<\/b> Manufacturer wording: the alloy &#8220;<b>requires a postweld heat treatment (PWHT) to develop suitable properties<\/b>&#8220;. PWHT means a <b>full solution treatment plus the full ageing cycle<\/b>. One source states it plainly: &#8220;<b>re-solution treat all welded parts post-weld<\/b>&#8220;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>Heating rate \u2014 critical<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>Heating to the solution-anneal temperature must be AS FAST AS POSSIBLE, within the capability of the furnace.<\/b> Almost no data sheet prints this: <b>slow heating holds the part in the \u03b3&#8217; precipitation band, hardens it and cracks it precisely there<\/b>. <b>Do not ramp; charge into a hot furnace.<\/b> Also, <b>sulphur, lead, zinc, copper and chlorinated oil residues<\/b> cause hot cracking in all high-nickel alloys and must be removed before welding<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<p style=\"margin:18px 0 6px;font-size:15px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;line-height:1.5;\">What actually goes wrong<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 12px;font-size:15px;line-height:1.75;\"><b>1. Welding aged material.<\/b> The most common and most expensive mistake. <b>Buy every part that will be welded in the solution-treated condition<\/b> and age it <b>after<\/b> welding.<br \/><b>2. A slow furnace ramp.<\/b> The heat treater&#8217;s &#8220;let us not shock the part&#8221; is precisely the cracking condition. <b>Fast heating is a requirement, not a preference.<\/b><br \/><b>3. Welding over cold-worked material.<\/b> Cold work locally <b>accelerates ageing<\/b>; bent, spun, press-formed or heavily ground areas must be solution treated first.<br \/><b>4. Heavy restraint in thick sections<\/b>, where restraint stress and PWHT gradients rise together.<br \/><b>5. Treating pre-heat-treatment inspection as final<\/b> \u2014 the crack forms in the furnace, so <b>the only meaningful inspection is the one after heat treatment<\/b>.<br \/><b>6. Assuming &#8220;it welds like 718&#8221;.<\/b> 718&#8217;s weldability comes from <b>sluggish<\/b> \u03b3&#8221; kinetics; Waspaloy&#8217;s \u03b3&#8217; kinetics are <b>fast<\/b>. <b>Do not reuse a 718 welding procedure.<\/b><\/p>\n<h4 id=\"dm-b9\" style=\"font-size:19px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;margin:30px 0 10px;line-height:1.35;\">Machining<\/h4>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 12px;font-size:15px;line-height:1.75;\"><b>The manufacturer is blunt:<\/b> Waspaloy is &#8220;<b>among the more difficult of the superalloys to machine<\/b>&#8220;, and another source calls it &#8220;<b>difficult to machine in any condition<\/b>&#8220;. The rated figure: <b>machinability 12 % of the B-1112 reference<\/b> \u2014 one eighth of a free-machining steel.<\/p>\n<div style=\"border:1px solid #d7dfe4;background:#ffffff;margin:24px 0 18px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\">\n<div style=\"background:#DD3333;color:#ffffff;font-size:13px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.04em;text-transform:uppercase;padding:10px 12px;line-height:1.35;\">Which Condition to Machine In \u2014 the Sequence Drives the Cost<\/div>\n<p><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<table style=\"border-collapse:collapse;width:100%;font-size:15px;line-height:1.5;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>Best condition<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>Solution treated and partially aged, about 30 HRC.<\/b> One manufacturer names this the optimum machining condition: soft enough to cut, but <b>hard enough not to smear<\/b>. Solution treated and unaged (230 HB as delivered, \u2264302 HB per one AMS recipe) is where roughing is done; fully aged at 34\u201344 HRC is for finishing and grinding only<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\"><b>The correct sequence<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\"><b>Rough machine (solution treated) \u2192 age \u2192 finish machine and grind.<\/b> Ageing <b>changes dimensions<\/b> (\u03b3&#8217; precipitation produces a volume change), so <b>a part machined to final size and then aged will drift out of tolerance<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"border:1px solid #d7dfe4;background:#ffffff;margin:24px 0 18px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\">\n<div style=\"background:#DD3333;color:#ffffff;font-size:13px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.04em;text-transform:uppercase;padding:10px 12px;line-height:1.35;\">Cutting Parameters \u2014 Two Different Generations, Do Not Mix Them<\/div>\n<p><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<table style=\"border-collapse:collapse;width:100%;font-size:15px;line-height:1.5;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>Legacy data (uncoated \/ older carbide)<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">Cemented carbide \u00b7 <b>35\u201350 sfm = 10.7\u201315.2 m\/min<\/b> \u00b7 feed <b>0.005\u20130.015 in\/rev (0.13\u20130.38 mm\/rev)<\/b>. <b>Note:<\/b> one source prints the upper feed as <b>0.15 in\/rev<\/b> \u2014 <b>3.8 mm\/rev is impossible in this alloy<\/b> and it is almost certainly a typographical error for <b>0.015<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\"><b>Modern data (PVD-coated carbide)<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">Turning <b>40\u201355 m\/min (130\u2013180 sfm)<\/b> \u00b7 milling <b>30\u201340 m\/min<\/b> \u00b7 drilling <b>30\u201340 m\/min<\/b> \u00b7 grooving <b>35\u201350 m\/min<\/b> \u00b7 parting <b>25\u201335 m\/min (80\u2013110 sfm)<\/b>. <b>Reference hardness 38 HRC, tensile 1200 N\/mm\u00b2<\/b>. Insert geometry: hone <b>0.02\u20130.05 mm<\/b>, rake <b>13\u00b0\u201318\u00b0<\/b>, land width <b>0.10\u20130.20 mm<\/b>, <b>ground inserts recommended<\/b>. <b>CBN allows 2\u20134\u00d7 carbide speed<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>Minimum depth of cut<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>Do not go below 0.015 in (0.38 mm).<\/b> That is the manufacturer&#8217;s rule. A shallower pass makes the tool rub in <b>the work-hardened skin left by the previous pass<\/b>, and rubbing hardens that skin further<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\"><b>Governing rules<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\"><b>Rigid work holding \u00b7 sharp, frequently indexed tools \u00b7 continuous feed \u00b7 generous high-pressure coolant. Never dwell and never rub.<\/b> Because thermal conductivity is low (\u224811\u201313 W\/m\u00b7K at room temperature), <b>the heat leaves through the tool rather than the chip<\/b> \u2014 coolant pressure directly determines tool life here<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<h4 id=\"dm-b10\" style=\"font-size:19px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;margin:30px 0 10px;line-height:1.35;\">Corrosion and Oxidation \u2014 Where It Is Good and Where It Fails<\/h4>\n<p><!-- dm-diy-kars --><\/p>\n<div style=\"border:1px solid #e3e9ec;margin:22px 0 26px;background:#fff;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\">\n<div style=\"background:#12303f;color:#fff;padding:9px 14px;font-size:14px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.3px;position:relative;z-index:2;\">COMPARISON<\/div>\n<div style=\"position:relative;z-index:2;\">\n<div style=\"padding:10px 14px 0;font-size:12.5px;color:#5b7180;line-height:1.7;\">Same alloy, same three-stage cycle; the only things that change are the solution-treatment temperature and the stabilization time<\/div>\n<div style=\"padding:8px 12px 0;font-size:13.5px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">A \u00b7 WHICH AMS NUMBER BELONGS TO WHICH ROUTE (SAE\/ANSI catalogue titles)<\/div>\n<div style=\"padding:12px 12px 2px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\"><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"overflow-x:auto;position:relative;z-index:2;\">\n<table style=\"width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:13.5px;min-width:430px;background:transparent;\">\n<tr>\n<th style=\"padding:7px 9px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:#12303f;background:#F2F6F8;border:1px solid #eceff1;\">Criterion<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding:7px 9px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:#12303f;background:#F2F6F8;border:1px solid #eceff1;\">Dusuk kol<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding:7px 9px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:#12303f;background:#F2F6F8;border:1px solid #eceff1;\">Yuksek kol<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding:7px 9px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:#12303f;background:#F2F6F8;border:1px solid #eceff1;\">Difference<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">Solution treated only<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">AMS 5706 \u2014 bars, forgings, rings<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">AMS 5708 \u2014 bars, WIRE, forgings, rings<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">5708 covers WIRE as well, 5706 does not. In both cases the material IS NOT AGED.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">Full cycle (solution plus stabilization plus precipitation)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">AMS 5707 \u2014 bars, forgings, rings, forging stock \u00b7 AMS 5704 \u2014 forgings only<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">AMS 5709 \u2014 bars and forgings<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">There are TWO numbers on the low route and their heat treatments are identical; the difference is scope.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">Sheet, strip, plate<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">AMS 5544 \u2014 ANNEALED (no route split)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">AMS 5544 \u2014 ANNEALED (no route split)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">There is no route split for sheet and plate; there is one number and one condition.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">ASTM equivalent<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">ASTM B637 Table 2 describes this route<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">There is NO equivalent on the ASTM side<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">The 1079 C route is ordered through AMS alone.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"padding:8px 12px 0;font-size:13.5px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">B \u00b7 CYCLE STAGES \u2014 where they separate (producer cycles and ASTM B637)<\/div>\n<div style=\"padding:12px 12px 2px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\"><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"overflow-x:auto;position:relative;z-index:2;\">\n<table style=\"width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:13.5px;min-width:430px;background:transparent;\">\n<tr>\n<th style=\"padding:7px 9px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:#12303f;background:#F2F6F8;border:1px solid #eceff1;\">Criterion<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding:7px 9px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:#12303f;background:#F2F6F8;border:1px solid #eceff1;\">Dusuk kol<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding:7px 9px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:#12303f;background:#F2F6F8;border:1px solid #eceff1;\">Yuksek kol<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding:7px 9px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:#12303f;background:#F2F6F8;border:1px solid #eceff1;\">Difference<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">Solution treatment temperature<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">996-1038 C (1825-1900 F)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">1079-1080 C (1975 F)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">About 40-80 C. This single difference changes the whole outcome.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">Solution treatment time<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">4 hours<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">3-4 hours (the sources diverge)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">No single time on the high route could be verified from 4 sources.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">Solution treatment cooling<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">Oil or water quench<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">Special Metals and ATI give AIR COOLING; Carpenter Technology an oil quench<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">THERE IS A CONTRADICTION; it has not been reduced to one route.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">Stabilization<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">843-845 C \/ 4 HOURS \/ air<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">845 C \/ 24 HOURS \/ air<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">A SIX-FOLD DIFFERENCE IN TIME. This is the most visible separation between the two routes.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">Precipitation ageing<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">760 C \/ 16 hours \/ air<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">760 C \/ 16 hours \/ air<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">NO DIFFERENCE \u2014 this stage is common to both routes.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"padding:8px 12px 0;font-size:13.5px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">C \u00b7 RESULTING PROPERTIES \u2014 a SINGLE TABLE by Carpenter Technology (room temperature, 21 C)<\/div>\n<div style=\"padding:12px 12px 2px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\"><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"overflow-x:auto;position:relative;z-index:2;\">\n<table style=\"width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:13.5px;min-width:430px;background:transparent;\">\n<tr>\n<th style=\"padding:7px 9px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:#12303f;background:#F2F6F8;border:1px solid #eceff1;\">Criterion<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding:7px 9px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:#12303f;background:#F2F6F8;border:1px solid #eceff1;\">Dusuk kol<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding:7px 9px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:#12303f;background:#F2F6F8;border:1px solid #eceff1;\">Yuksek kol<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding:7px 9px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:#12303f;background:#F2F6F8;border:1px solid #eceff1;\">Difference<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">Yield strength<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">1076 MPa at 1010 C \u00b7 848 MPa at 1038 C<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">800 MPa at 1079 C<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">UP TO 276 MPa IN FAVOUR OF THE LOW ROUTE. If tensile strength is wanted, the low route is chosen.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">Tensile strength<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">1441 MPa at 1010 C \u00b7 1331 MPa at 1038 C<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">1276 MPa at 1079 C<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">UP TO 165 MPa IN FAVOUR OF THE LOW ROUTE.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">Hardness<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">42 HRC (1010 C) \u00b7 37-38 HRC (1038 C)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">35 HRC<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">UP TO 7 HRC IN FAVOUR OF THE LOW ROUTE.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">Elongation<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">27% (1010 C) \u00b7 33% (1038 C)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">31%<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">No clear direction; the highest elongation is on the 1038 C route.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">Reduction of area<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">47% (1010 C) \u00b7 38% (1038 C)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">29%<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">UP TO 18 POINTS IN FAVOUR OF THE LOW ROUTE.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">Creep and stress-rupture strength<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">Lower<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">BEST<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">IN FAVOUR OF THE HIGH ROUTE. Special Metals describes this route as being &#8216;for optimum creep and stress-rupture properties&#8217;; that advantage IS NOT VISIBLE in Carpenter Technology&#8217;s room-temperature table. THIS IS WHERE THE CHOICE BETWEEN THE TWO ROUTES IS MADE: room-temperature tensile strength, or long-term rupture strength at high temperature.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"padding:10px 12px 2px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\"><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"position:relative;z-index:2;\">\n<div style=\"font-size:13.5px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;margin:6px 0 6px;\">Additional information<\/div>\n<table style=\"width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:13.5px;background:transparent;\">\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Compared with<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">WASPALOY&#8217;S TWO SOLUTION-TREATMENT ROUTES \u2014 996-1038 C (AMS 5706 \/ 5707 \/ 5704) versus 1079 C (AMS 5708 \/ 5709)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"padding:6px 14px 12px;font-size:12px;color:#5b7180;line-height:1.7;border-top:1px solid #f0f3f5;position:relative;z-index:2;\">RULE: this diagram is not a COMPETING-ALLOY comparison; it compares two heat-treatment routes of THE SAME ALLOY, and in doing so each block is read from within ONE SOURCE FAMILY. Block A is read from the SAE\/ANSI catalogue titles. Block B is read from producer heat-treatment cycles. Block C is read from a SINGLE TABLE by Carpenter Technology \u2014 the same laboratory, the same measurement method, with only the solution-treatment temperature changing; that is the cleanest way to compare the outcome of the two routes directly. THE BLOCKS ARE NOT ADDED TOGETHER. THIS DIAGRAM IS NOT A COMPETING-ALLOY COMPARISON: it compares two heat-treatment routes of the same alloy. That is the direct counterpart of the most common mistake made with Waspaloy \u2014 ordering material in the wrong condition under the wrong AMS number. BLOCK C IS READ FROM A SINGLE TABLE BY A SINGLE PRODUCER (Carpenter Technology); this is the form the instruction permits: the same laboratory, the same measurement, with only one variable changing. NO FIGURES HAVE BEEN WRITTEN IN THE CREEP AND RUPTURE ROW: no source comparing the creep strength of the two routes FROM THE SAME TABLE could be found. The row gives a direction only and rests on Special Metals&#8217; wording. THE 1079 C ROUTE HAS NO ASTM EQUIVALENT: ASTM B637 Table 2 describes the 996-1038 C route only.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><!-- \/dm-diy-kars --><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 12px;font-size:15px;line-height:1.75;\"><b>Waspaloy is a high-temperature oxidation alloy; it is NOT an aqueous corrosion alloy.<\/b> At 19 % chromium it builds a protective <b>Cr\u2082O\u2083<\/b> scale in combustion gas, but its Ti, Al and Co content buys nothing in aqueous service, and <b>no published data exists on that side at all<\/b>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:18px 0 6px;font-size:15px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;line-height:1.5;\">1. Combustion gas and oxidation \u2014 where it is genuinely strong<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 12px;font-size:15px;line-height:1.75;\">Manufacturer statements: <b>&#8220;good resistance to gas turbine combustion environments at temperatures up to about 870 \u00b0C&#8221;<\/b> and <b>&#8220;excellent resistance to corrosion by combustion products up to 871 \u00b0C&#8221;<\/b>. One manufacturer extends oxidation resistance to <b>1038 \u00b0C<\/b> \u2014 <b>but that is scale adhesion only, not load capacity<\/b>. <b>The hard limit:<\/b> one mill page states plainly that <b>intergranular oxidation begins ABOVE 871 \u00b0C<\/b>, and that mechanism <b>destroys fatigue life<\/b> even where thickness loss looks small.<\/p>\n<div style=\"border:1px solid #d7dfe4;background:#ffffff;margin:24px 0 18px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\">\n<div style=\"background:#DD3333;color:#ffffff;font-size:13px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.04em;text-transform:uppercase;padding:10px 12px;line-height:1.35;\">Measured Oxidation \u2014 Static, Flowing Air, 1,008 Hours (metal loss \/ average metal affected)<\/div>\n<p><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<table style=\"border-collapse:collapse;width:100%;font-size:15px;line-height:1.5;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>871 \u00b0C (1600 \u00b0F)<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>Waspaloy: 8 \/ 36 \u00b5m<\/b> \u00b7 263: 3 \/ 10 \u00b7 282: 5 \/ 15 \u00b7 R-41: 5 \/ 20 \u00b5m<br \/><b>Waspaloy is the WORST of the four<\/b>: its metal-affected depth is <b>3.6 times that of 263<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\"><b>927 \u00b0C (1700 \u00b0F)<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\"><b>Waspaloy: 8 \/ 86 \u00b5m<\/b> \u00b7 263: 5 \/ 18 \u00b7 282: 3 \/ 28 \u00b7 R-41: 5 \/ 38 \u00b5m<br \/><b>The gap widens further<\/b>: metal affected is <b>4.8 times that of 263<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>982 \u00b0C (1800 \u00b0F)<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>Waspaloy: 18 \/ 127 \u00b5m<\/b> \u00b7 263: 23 \/ 127 \u00b7 282: 5 \/ 46 \u00b7 R-41: 5 \/ 74 \u00b5m<br \/><b>At this temperature 282 and R-41 are clearly ahead<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<p style=\"margin:18px 0 6px;font-size:15px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;line-height:1.5;\">2. Hot corrosion \u2014 the area everyone stays quiet about<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 12px;font-size:15px;line-height:1.75;\"><b>No published sulphidation or hot-corrosion data (Type I or Type II) could be found for Waspaloy.<\/b> At 19 %, chromium is <b>mid-range<\/b> in hot-corrosion terms: sulphidation resistance calls for high chromium (25 % and above). <b>Do not sell Waspaloy on hot-corrosion resistance for marine environments, sulphur-bearing fuels, or atmospheres carrying sodium or vanadium salts.<\/b><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:18px 0 6px;font-size:15px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;line-height:1.5;\">3. Aqueous corrosion \u2014 where it fails, and where there is nothing to publish<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 12px;font-size:15px;line-height:1.75;\"><b>No published pitting, crevice, chloride stress-corrosion-cracking or acid immersion data could be found.<\/b> This is not a research gap; it is a product decision \u2014 the alloy is neither sold nor tested for that duty.<br \/><b>What not to do:<\/b> <b>do not calculate a PREN for Waspaloy<\/b> \u2014 PREN is an empirical index defined for stainless steels and Ni-Cr-Mo corrosion alloys. <b>Do not use the reasoning &#8220;it contains 4 % molybdenum, therefore it resists pitting&#8221;<\/b>; the Mo in this alloy is there for strength.<br \/><b>Sour service:<\/b> <b>listing of N07001 in NACE MR0175 \/ ISO 15156-3 Annex A could not be verified<\/b>, and no manufacturer bulletin mentions NACE. <b>Do not issue a sour-service certificate for N07001.<\/b> The listed nickel alloys for H\u2082S service are the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/en\/hastelloy-c-276\/\">C-276<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/en\/hastelloy-c-22\/\">C-22<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/en\/inconel-625\/\">625<\/a> family; for high-strength sour-service fasteners, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/en\/inconel-718\/\">718<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/en\/incoloy-925\/\">925<\/a> are the alloys that get evaluated.<br \/><b>Atmospheric behaviour:<\/b> at 19 % chromium it is <b>stainless<\/b> \u2014 storage and handling present no problem. That does not make it a &#8220;corrosion-resistant alloy&#8221;.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:18px 0 6px;font-size:15px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;line-height:1.5;\">4. Where it fails \u2014 summary<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 12px;font-size:15px;line-height:1.75;\"><b>1. Long-term service above 871 \u00b0C<\/b> \u2014 intergranular oxidation plus microstructural decay (8,000 h at 871 \u00b0C takes room-temperature elongation from <b>24.5 % to 13 %<\/b>).<br \/><b>2. Welded structures under heavy restraint<\/b> \u2014 strain-age cracking; CHRT minimum elongation <b>below 5 %<\/b>. <b>3. Welding in the aged condition, or heavy cold forming<\/b> \u2014 cracks, directly.<br \/><b>4. Sulphidation environments<\/b> \u2014 19 % chromium is not enough and there is no data. <b>5. Aqueous, acidic or chloride environments<\/b> \u2014 not the alloy&#8217;s job; no data.<br \/><b>6. Pressure vessels and process piping<\/b> \u2014 no verified ASME code coverage. <b>7. Cost competition below 650 \u00b0C<\/b> \u2014 here <a href=\"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/en\/inconel-718\/\">718<\/a> is both cheaper and easier to fabricate.<\/p>\n<h4 id=\"dm-b11\" style=\"font-size:19px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;margin:30px 0 10px;line-height:1.35;\">Frequently Asked Questions<\/h4>\n<p style=\"margin:18px 0 6px;font-size:15px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;line-height:1.5;\">We currently use 718 and the part runs at 700 \u00b0C. Should we move to Waspaloy?<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 12px;font-size:15px;line-height:1.75;\"><b>Probably yes \u2014 and the reason is a phase diagram, not marketing.<\/b><br \/>The strength of 718 comes from <b>\u03b3&#8221; (Ni\u2083Nb)<\/b>, and \u03b3&#8221; is a <b>metastable phase<\/b>: above roughly <b>650 \u00b0C it coarsens and transforms into the stable \u03b4 (Ni\u2083Nb) phase<\/b>. The transformation destroys the hardening precipitate and leaves plate-like \u03b4 on the grain boundaries. <b>For 718, ~650 \u00b0C is a metallurgical wall, not a marketing limit.<\/b> At 700 \u00b0C you will not lose it in hours, but you will certainly lose it <b>over thousands of hours<\/b>.<br \/>Waspaloy&#8217;s strength comes from <b>\u03b3&#8217; (Ni\u2083(Al,Ti))<\/b>; \u03b3&#8217; is stable \u2014 it coarsens, but it <b>does not transform into anything else<\/b>. The manufacturer comparison is unambiguous: Waspaloy&#8217;s strength is <b>&#8220;superior to that of alloy 718 at temperatures above 650\u2013705 \u00b0C&#8221;<\/b>. An independent source puts the same boundary as a <b>creep-rupture advantage above 620\u2013650 \u00b0C<\/b>.<br \/><b>But let us be honest about the price.<\/b> That same independent source notes that <b>718 is superior in short-time hot tensile strength up to 730 \u00b0C<\/b>. So: <b>for short-duration loading 718 is still good; for long-duration creep Waspaloy wins clearly.<\/b> Your question should start with &#8220;how many hours at 700 \u00b0C&#8221;: for a few hundred hours 718 can stay; for a land-based turbine part facing tens of thousands of hours, move.<br \/><b>The hidden cost of the move is welding and fabrication.<\/b> Migrating a welded structure from <a href=\"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/en\/inconel-718\/\">718<\/a>to Waspaloy means <b>rewriting the welding procedure, the heat-treatment route and the inspection plan from scratch<\/b>. <b>And consider a third option:<\/b> the same manufacturer writes that Waspaloy is <b>&#8220;being replaced in many applications by alloy 282 due to the superior fabricability and creep-strength&#8221;<\/b>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:18px 0 6px;font-size:15px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;line-height:1.5;\">My supplier quoted &#8220;AMS 5708 Waspaloy bar&#8221;. Can I just machine it and put it into service?<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 12px;font-size:15px;line-height:1.75;\"><b>No \u2014 and this is the most frequent mistake made on Waspaloy orders.<\/b><br \/><b>AMS 5708 designates the solution-treated condition<\/b>, not the fully heat-treated one. Solution-treated Waspaloy runs around <b>230\u2013302 HB<\/b>: typical solution-treated yield is <b>419 MPa<\/b> for sheet and <b>604 MPa<\/b> for plate, against a <b>typical aged yield of 899 MPa<\/b>. Use it unaged and <b>you throw away more than half the strength<\/b>.<br \/><b>The correct workflow:<\/b> buy AMS 5708 solution-treated bar \u2192 <b>rough machine<\/b> (while soft and cheap) \u2192 <b>weld if required<\/b> (the only condition in which it may be welded) \u2192 <b>stabilize 843\/845 \u00b0C for 4 h<\/b> \u2192 <b>age 760 \u00b0C for 16 h<\/b> \u2192 <b>finish machine and grind<\/b>, ending at <b>34\u201344 HRC<\/b> (32\u201342 HRC in some recipes). Finishing comes last because \u03b3&#8217; precipitation produces a <b>volume change<\/b> and a part machined to size then aged <b>drifts out of tolerance<\/b>.<br \/><b>If you want fully heat-treated material<\/b>, order <b>AMS 5709<\/b>, <b>AMS 5707<\/b> or the <b>ASTM B637 N07001 &#8220;solution + stabilize + precipitation hardened&#8221;<\/b> condition \u2014 minima <b>1100 MPa tensile \/ 760 MPa yield \/ 15 % elongation \/ 18 % RA \/ \u2265310 HB<\/b>. <b>Warning:<\/b> sources <b>contradict each other<\/b> on AMS 5704 and AMS 5706; if you order to either, <b>have the current revision read and the condition written into the order acknowledgement<\/b>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:18px 0 6px;font-size:15px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;line-height:1.5;\">Can we run our Waspaloy part at 900 \u00b0C? The data sheet says &#8220;up to 980 \u00b0C&#8221;.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 12px;font-size:15px;line-height:1.75;\"><b>Short answer: for a load-carrying part, no. That 980 \u00b0C figure is not an answer to the question you are asking.<\/b><br \/>Every temperature in circulation measures something different: <b>650 \u00b0C<\/b> for critical rotating parts; <b>760 \u00b0C<\/b> the ageing temperature and microstructural ceiling; <b>870 \u00b0C<\/b> the combustion-gas limit; <b>980 \u00b0C<\/b> the limit of &#8220;very good strength&#8221;; <b>1038 \u00b0C<\/b> scale adhesion only.<br \/><b>Now look at the same manufacturer&#8217;s long-term data.<\/b> After 8,000 hours at 871 \u00b0C, room-temperature yield has fallen from <b>899 MPa to 455 MPa<\/b> \u2014 <b>roughly half<\/b> \u2014 and room-temperature elongation from <b>24.5 % to 13 %<\/b>. After a year at 871 \u00b0C your part is <b>brittle when cold<\/b>: it can break if it is struck in maintenance, thermally shocked on a cold start, or forced during disassembly.<br \/><b>The same data says the opposite for 649 \u00b0C:<\/b> after 8,000 hours, room-temperature yield is <b>950 MPa<\/b> (higher than before exposure) and elongation <b>21.8 %<\/b>. <b>At 649 \u00b0C Waspaloy loses nothing.<\/b> At 760 \u00b0C the loss is measured (794 MPa, 19 %). <b>At 816 \u00b0C it is serious; at 871 \u00b0C it is unacceptable.<\/b><br \/><b>Then there is the oxidation side.<\/b> One mill page states that <b>intergranular oxidation begins above 871 \u00b0C<\/b>, and the measured static data supports it: at 927 \u00b0C over 1,008 hours Waspaloy&#8217;s <b>metal-affected depth is 86 \u00b5m<\/b> \u2014 <b>more than ten times<\/b> the metal loss (8 \u00b5m). Almost all of the damage sits inside the grain boundaries, and it <b>eats fatigue life directly<\/b>.<br \/><b>If 900 \u00b0C is genuinely required:<\/b> for a low-stress, short-life part with no fatigue loading Waspaloy can be used \u2014 but do it <b>knowingly<\/b> and declare the life limited. For a load-carrying, long-life part, move to <b>alloy 282, R-41 or a higher-chromium alloy<\/b>, or coat it. <b>What you must not do is quote &#8220;980 \u00b0C&#8221; from a brochure and let it become a design temperature.<\/b><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:18px 0 6px;font-size:15px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;line-height:1.5;\">Common data sheet errors \u2014 check these before you order<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 12px;font-size:15px;line-height:1.75;\"><b>1. &#8220;The solution treatment for Waspaloy is 1080 \u00b0C&#8221; (or &#8220;996 \u00b0C&#8221;) \u2014 INCOMPLETE.<\/b> <b>There are two legitimate routes and they produce different metal.<\/b> Measured difference: room-temperature yield <b>156 ksi versus 116 ksi<\/b>; rupture life at 732 \u00b0C \/ 75 ksi <b>\u224835 h versus \u2248132 h<\/b>. <b>A heat-treatment table that does not state the route is incomplete.<\/b><br \/><b>2. Giving a single stabilization time \u2014 WRONG.<\/b> <b>It is 4 hours on the low route and 24 hours on the high route.<\/b><br \/><b>3. Assuming 996 \u00b0C is always a &#8220;solution treatment&#8221; \u2014 WRONG.<\/b> In one manufacturer&#8217;s three-step ageing cycle, <b>996 \u00b0C is an AGEING step<\/b> (the solution anneal is at 1066\u20131093 \u00b0C).<br \/><b>4. Treating the five AMS numbers as equivalent \u2014 WRONG, and expensive.<\/b> Some designate the <b>solution-treated<\/b> condition, others the <b>fully heat-treated<\/b> one \u2014 and published sources <b>contradict each other<\/b> on AMS 5704 and AMS 5706. <b>Do not rely on the number; write the condition into the order acknowledgement.<\/b><br \/><b>5. Composition typos.<\/b> The specification is <b>Ti 2.75\u20133.25 % and Al 1.20\u20131.60 %<\/b>; tables giving <b>Ti 2.75\u20133.75<\/b>, <b>Ti 2.60\u20133.25<\/b> or <b>Al 1.00\u20131.50<\/b> are all outside it. On carbon, <b>ASTM B637 says 0.03\u20130.10 %<\/b> while manufacturer sheets say <b>0.02\u20130.10 %<\/b> \u2014 C = 0.025 % conforms on one route and fails on the other.<br \/><b>6. A density table that contradicts itself.<\/b> One page prints both <b>&#8220;specific gravity 8.25&#8221;<\/b> and <b>&#8220;0.294 lb\/in\u00b3 = 8,138 kg\/m\u00b3&#8221;<\/b> in the same box; the correct value is <b>8.19\u20138.20 g\/cm\u00b3 (0.296 lb\/in\u00b3)<\/b>. On melting range, two manufacturers give <b>1330\u20131360 \u00b0C<\/b> and a third <b>1329\u20131407 \u00b0C<\/b> \u2014 <b>same solidus, liquidus 47 \u00b0C apart<\/b>; use the lower figure.<br \/><b>7. Mixing cutting-parameter generations.<\/b> <b>35\u201350 sfm<\/b> is legacy uncoated carbide; <b>130\u2013180 sfm<\/b> is modern PVD-coated carbide \u2014 <b>a factor of four<\/b>. And one source prints an upper feed of <b>&#8220;0.15 in\/rev&#8221;<\/b>; <b>3.8 mm\/rev is impossible here<\/b> and is almost certainly <b>0.015<\/b>.<br \/><b>8. Merging creep-rupture tables.<\/b> For 1,000 h rupture at 760 \u00b0C one source gives <b>290 MPa<\/b> and another <b>241 MPa<\/b>. <b>Both are correct<\/b>: ROUTE A bar\/forging versus aged sheet. <b>Do not average them.<\/b><br \/><b>9. &#8220;Waspaloy is corrosion resistant&#8221; \u2014 MISLEADING.<\/b> It resists <b>oxidation in combustion gas<\/b>. <b>There is NO published aqueous corrosion, pitting, chloride SCC or acid data<\/b>, and <b>listing in NACE MR0175 could not be verified<\/b>. <b>Do not calculate a PREN.<\/b><br \/><b>10. Quoting an ASME code temperature \u2014 NOT VERIFIED.<\/b> <b>ASME SB-637 exists as a material specification<\/b>, but no published allowable stress or Section VIII code temperature for N07001 could be verified, and <b>the Section IX P-No.\/F-No. assignment is likewise unverified<\/b>.<br \/><b>11. Inventing a pipe or tube specification.<\/b> One distributor lists <b>&#8220;AMS 5586&#8221;<\/b> as a Waspaloy tubing specification; <b>this could not be verified<\/b>. <b>There is no verified pipe or tube specification for N07001.<\/b><br \/><b>12. Material-number and trade-name confusion.<\/b> <b>2.4654 = Waspaloy<\/b>; the ones it gets mixed up with are <b>2.4668 = alloy 718<\/b>, <b>2.4669 = X-750<\/b> and <b>2.4973 = Ren\u00e9 41<\/b>. <b>Waspaloy is a registered trademark<\/b> spelled with one &#8220;l&#8221; \u2014 order by <b>UNS N07001 plus the AMS number<\/b>.<br \/><b>13. Claims of easy weldability.<\/b> Any page that says &#8220;welds like 718&#8221; or &#8220;good weldability&#8221; is wrong: <b>CHRT minimum elongation is below 5 %<\/b>, and the manufacturer describes the alloy as one &#8220;not readily weldable outside very carefully controlled circumstances&#8221;.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/dm-zengin --><\/p>\n<p><!-- dm-ld --><script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"name\":\"Waspaloy\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/en\/waspaloy\/\",\"inLanguage\":\"en\",\"description\":\"Waspaloy (UNS N07001 \/ W.Nr. 2.4654 \/ EN designation NiCr19Co14Mo4Ti3Al \/ former ASTM grade name Grade 685) is a \u03b3' (gamma-prime) precipitation-hardening nickel\u2013chromium\u2013cobalt\u2013molybdenum superalloy. Nominally 58 % Ni \u2013 19 % Cr \u2013 13.5 % Co \u2013 4.3 % Mo \u2013 3 % Ti \u2013 1.5 % Al.\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"name\":\"Defence Metal\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/\"},\"publisher\":{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"name\":\"Defence Metal\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/\"},\"mainEntity\":{\"@type\":\"DefinedTerm\",\"name\":\"Waspaloy\",\"description\":\"Waspaloy (UNS N07001 \/ W.Nr. 2.4654 \/ EN designation NiCr19Co14Mo4Ti3Al \/ former ASTM grade name Grade 685) is a \u03b3' (gamma-prime) precipitation-hardening nickel\u2013chromium\u2013cobalt\u2013molybdenum superalloy. Nominally 58 % Ni \u2013 19 % Cr \u2013 13.5 % Co \u2013 4.3 % Mo \u2013 3 % Ti \u2013 1.5 % Al.\",\"inDefinedTermSet\":{\"@type\":\"DefinedTermSet\",\"name\":\"Defence Metal - metals and alloys\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/\"},\"alternateName\":[\"UNS N07001\",\"W.Nr. 2.4654\",\"NiCr19Co14Mo4Ti3Al\"],\"identifier\":[{\"@type\":\"PropertyValue\",\"propertyID\":\"UNS\",\"value\":\"N07001\"},{\"@type\":\"PropertyValue\",\"propertyID\":\"Werkstoffnummer\",\"value\":\"2.4654\"}],\"additionalProperty\":[{\"@type\":\"PropertyValue\",\"name\":\"DIN \/ EN designation\",\"value\":\"NiCr19Co14Mo4Ti3Al\"}]}}<\/script><!-- \/dm-ld --><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Waspaloy \/ (2.4654) \/ UNS N07001 \/ AMS 5706 \/ AMS 5544 DEFENCE METAL Waspaloy UNS N07001 \u00b7 W.Nr. 2.4654 \u00b7 AISI 685 \u00b7 MSRR 7192 \u00b7 Ni balance (~57-58%) \u2013 Cr 18.00-21.00 \u2013 Co 12.00-15.00 \u2013 Mo 3.50-5.00 \u2013 Ti 2.75-3.25 \u2013 Al 1.20-1.60 \u2013 Fe 2.00 max \u2013 Si 0.75 max \u2013 Mn &hellip; <\/p>\n<p class=\"link-more\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/en\/waspaloy\/\" class=\"more-link\"><span class=\"screen-reader-text\"> &#8220;Waspaloy \/ (2.4654) \/ AMS 5706 \/ AMS 5544&#8221;<\/span>devam\u0131n\u0131 oku<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":3526,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_title":"WASPALOY \/ (2.4654) \/ UNS N07001 \/ AMS 5544 \/ AMS 5706 | Defence Metal","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Waspaloy (UNS N07001, 2.4654) \u2014 AMS 5544 \/ AMS 5706. Age-hardenable nickel superalloy for turbine discs and service above 700 \u00b0C.","inspiro_hide_title":false,"inspiro_hide_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"dm_sektor":[10,13,9,18,15],"class_list":["post-3547","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>WASPALOY \/ (2.4654) \/ UNS N07001 \/ AMS 5544 \/ AMS 5706 | Defence Metal<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Waspaloy (UNS N07001, 2.4654) \u2014 AMS 5544 \/ AMS 5706. Age-hardenable nickel superalloy for turbine discs and service above 700 \u00b0C.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/en\/waspaloy\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"tr_TR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"WASPALOY \/ (2.4654) \/ UNS N07001 \/ AMS 5544 \/ AMS 5706 | Defence Metal\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Waspaloy (UNS N07001, 2.4654) \u2014 AMS 5544 \/ AMS 5706. Age-hardenable nickel superalloy for turbine discs and service above 700 \u00b0C.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/en\/waspaloy\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Defence Metal\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-09-25T13:25:46+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Tahmini okuma s\u00fcresi\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"46 dakika\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.defencemetal.com\\\/index.php\\\/en\\\/waspaloy\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.defencemetal.com\\\/index.php\\\/en\\\/waspaloy\\\/\",\"name\":\"WASPALOY \\\/ (2.4654) \\\/ UNS N07001 \\\/ AMS 5544 \\\/ AMS 5706 | Defence Metal\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.defencemetal.com\\\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2026-09-16T07:58:52+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-09-25T13:25:46+00:00\",\"description\":\"Waspaloy (UNS N07001, 2.4654) \u2014 AMS 5544 \\\/ AMS 5706. Age-hardenable nickel superalloy for turbine discs and service above 700 \u00b0C.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.defencemetal.com\\\/index.php\\\/en\\\/waspaloy\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"tr\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.defencemetal.com\\\/index.php\\\/en\\\/waspaloy\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.defencemetal.com\\\/index.php\\\/en\\\/waspaloy\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Anasayfa\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.defencemetal.com\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.defencemetal.com\\\/index.php\\\/en\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"Waspaloy \\\/ (2.4654) \\\/ AMS 5706 \\\/ AMS 5544\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.defencemetal.com\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.defencemetal.com\\\/\",\"name\":\"Defence Metal\",\"description\":\"for better produce !\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.defencemetal.com\\\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.defencemetal.com\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"tr\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.defencemetal.com\\\/#organization\",\"name\":\"Defence Metal\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.defencemetal.com\\\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"tr\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.defencemetal.com\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.defencemetal.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2024\\\/12\\\/cropped-logopngson.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.defencemetal.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2024\\\/12\\\/cropped-logopngson.png\",\"width\":3846,\"height\":649,\"caption\":\"Defence Metal\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.defencemetal.com\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"http:\\\/\\\/www.linkedin.com\\\/company\\\/defencemetal\"],\"description\":\"Havac\u0131l\u0131k, savunma, enerji ve makine sekt\u00f6rleri i\u00e7in paslanmaz \u00e7elik, nikel ala\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131, titanyum, al\u00fcminyum ve ala\u015f\u0131ml\u0131 \u00e7elik tedarik eden \u00f6zel ala\u015f\u0131m tedarik\u00e7isi.\",\"email\":\"info@defencemetal.com\",\"telephone\":\"+90 216 709 74 41\",\"legalName\":\"Defence Metal\",\"address\":{\"@type\":\"PostalAddress\",\"streetAddress\":\"Cevizli Mah. Mustafa Kemal Cad. Hukuk\u00e7ular Towers A Blok No:66A \u0130\u00e7 Kap\u0131 No:111\",\"addressLocality\":\"Kartal\",\"addressRegion\":\"\u0130stanbul\",\"postalCode\":\"34865\",\"addressCountry\":\"TR\"},\"contactPoint\":{\"@type\":\"ContactPoint\",\"contactType\":\"sales\",\"telephone\":\"+90 216 709 74 41\",\"email\":\"info@defencemetal.com\",\"areaServed\":\"TR\",\"availableLanguage\":[\"Turkish\",\"English\"]}}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"WASPALOY \/ (2.4654) \/ UNS N07001 \/ AMS 5544 \/ AMS 5706 | Defence Metal","description":"Waspaloy (UNS N07001, 2.4654) \u2014 AMS 5544 \/ AMS 5706. Age-hardenable nickel superalloy for turbine discs and service above 700 \u00b0C.","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/en\/waspaloy\/","og_locale":"tr_TR","og_type":"article","og_title":"WASPALOY \/ (2.4654) \/ UNS N07001 \/ AMS 5544 \/ AMS 5706 | Defence Metal","og_description":"Waspaloy (UNS N07001, 2.4654) \u2014 AMS 5544 \/ AMS 5706. Age-hardenable nickel superalloy for turbine discs and service above 700 \u00b0C.","og_url":"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/en\/waspaloy\/","og_site_name":"Defence Metal","article_modified_time":"2026-09-25T13:25:46+00:00","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Tahmini okuma s\u00fcresi":"46 dakika"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/en\/waspaloy\/","url":"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/en\/waspaloy\/","name":"WASPALOY \/ (2.4654) \/ UNS N07001 \/ AMS 5544 \/ AMS 5706 | Defence Metal","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/#website"},"datePublished":"2026-09-16T07:58:52+00:00","dateModified":"2026-09-25T13:25:46+00:00","description":"Waspaloy (UNS N07001, 2.4654) \u2014 AMS 5544 \/ AMS 5706. Age-hardenable nickel superalloy for turbine discs and service above 700 \u00b0C.","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/en\/waspaloy\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"tr","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/en\/waspaloy\/"]}]},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/en\/waspaloy\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Anasayfa","item":"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/en\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":3,"name":"Waspaloy \/ (2.4654) \/ AMS 5706 \/ AMS 5544"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/#website","url":"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/","name":"Defence Metal","description":"for better produce !","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"tr"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/#organization","name":"Defence Metal","url":"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"tr","@id":"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/cropped-logopngson.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/cropped-logopngson.png","width":3846,"height":649,"caption":"Defence Metal"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"},"sameAs":["http:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/defencemetal"],"description":"Havac\u0131l\u0131k, savunma, enerji ve makine sekt\u00f6rleri i\u00e7in paslanmaz \u00e7elik, nikel ala\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131, titanyum, al\u00fcminyum ve ala\u015f\u0131ml\u0131 \u00e7elik tedarik eden \u00f6zel ala\u015f\u0131m tedarik\u00e7isi.","email":"info@defencemetal.com","telephone":"+90 216 709 74 41","legalName":"Defence Metal","address":{"@type":"PostalAddress","streetAddress":"Cevizli Mah. Mustafa Kemal Cad. Hukuk\u00e7ular Towers A Blok No:66A \u0130\u00e7 Kap\u0131 No:111","addressLocality":"Kartal","addressRegion":"\u0130stanbul","postalCode":"34865","addressCountry":"TR"},"contactPoint":{"@type":"ContactPoint","contactType":"sales","telephone":"+90 216 709 74 41","email":"info@defencemetal.com","areaServed":"TR","availableLanguage":["Turkish","English"]}}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/3547","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3547"}],"version-history":[{"count":12,"href":"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/3547\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6105,"href":"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/3547\/revisions\/6105"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/3526"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3547"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"dm_sektor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/dm_sektor?post=3547"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}