{"id":3539,"date":"2026-09-16T10:57:46","date_gmt":"2026-09-16T07:57:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/en\/haynes-25\/"},"modified":"2026-09-25T16:25:31","modified_gmt":"2026-09-25T13:25:31","slug":"haynes-25","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/en\/haynes-25\/","title":{"rendered":"Haynes 25 \/ (L-605) \/ AMS 5537 \/ AMS 5759"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><!-- dm-hap --><\/p>\n<h1 class=\"dm-ust-baslik\" style=\"font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,'Segoe UI',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif !important;text-transform:none !important;font-size:27px;line-height:1.3;font-weight:800;color:#12303f;margin:0 0 10px;letter-spacing:-.01em;\">Haynes 25 \/ (L-605) \/ UNS R30605 \/ AMS 5537 \/ AMS 5759<\/h1>\n<div style=\"border:1px solid #d7dfe4;background:#ffffff;margin:0 0 22px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\"><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"background:#12303f;padding:14px 16px 12px;position:relative;z-index:2;\">\n<div style=\"font-size:22px;font-weight:700;color:#fff;line-height:1.25;\">Haynes 25 (L-605)<\/div>\n<div style=\"font-family:ui-monospace,Menlo,Consolas,monospace;font-size:12.5px;color:#b9cfdb;line-height:1.5;margin-top:5px;word-wrap:break-word;\">UNS R30605 \u00b7 W.Nr. 2.4964 \u00b7 L-605 \/ Alloy 25 \/ GH605 \u00b7 IT IS COBALT-BASED, NOT NICKEL-BASED: Co balance (~51-52%) \u2013 Cr 19.0-21.0% \u2013 W 14.0-16.0% \u2013 Ni 9.0-11.0% \u2013 Mn 1.0-2.0% \u2013 C 0.05-0.15% \u2013 Si 0.40% max \u2013 Fe 3.0% max \u2013 P 0.040% max \u2013 S 0.030% max. Nickel is only about 10% and is there to keep the austenitic structure stable; the carrier element is cobalt. Density 9.13 g\/cm3 \u2014 markedly heavier than the nickel-base superalloys.<\/div>\n<div data-dmkars-blok=\"1\" style=\"border-top:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.16);margin-top:13px;padding-top:11px;\">\n<div style=\"font-size:10px;letter-spacing:.09em;text-transform:uppercase;color:#7f9fb0;font-weight:700;margin-bottom:8px;\">Not to be confused with<\/div>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/2026\/09\/16\/haynes-25-l-605-inconel-625-difference\/\" data-dmkars=\"1\" style=\"display:inline-block;padding:4px 11px;border:1px solid rgba(36,190,229,.45);background:rgba(36,190,229,.12);border-radius:99px;margin:0 6px 6px 0;font-size:12.5px;font-weight:600;color:#9fe2f7;text-decoration:none;\">Inconel 625<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"position:relative;z-index:2;\">\n<div style=\"display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">\n<div style=\"flex:0 0 118px;padding:11px 14px;background:#F7FAFB;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:.09em;text-transform:uppercase;color:#6b8091;font-weight:600;line-height:1.5;\">For what<\/div>\n<div style=\"flex:1 1 230px;min-width:0;padding:11px 14px;font-size:14.5px;line-height:1.7;color:#3d5260;word-wrap:break-word;overflow-wrap:break-word;\">A cobalt-based high-temperature alloy strengthened by solid solution and carbides. It is NOT PRECIPITATION HARDENABLE; there is no gamma-prime or gamma-double-prime precipitation and it cannot be hardened by ageing.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">\n<div style=\"flex:0 0 118px;padding:11px 14px;background:#F7FAFB;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:.09em;text-transform:uppercase;color:#6b8091;font-weight:600;line-height:1.5;\">Forms<\/div>\n<div style=\"flex:1 1 230px;min-width:0;padding:11px 14px;font-size:14.5px;line-height:1.7;color:#3d5260;word-wrap:break-word;overflow-wrap:break-word;\">Round bar \u00b7 flat bar \u00b7 plate \u00b7 sheet \u00b7 strip \u00b7 foil \u00b7 tube \u00b7 forging \u00b7 ring. All forms are supplied to order.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">\n<div style=\"flex:0 0 118px;padding:11px 14px;background:#F7FAFB;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:.09em;text-transform:uppercase;color:#6b8091;font-weight:600;line-height:1.5;\">Standards<\/div>\n<div style=\"flex:1 1 230px;min-width:0;padding:11px 14px;font-size:14.5px;line-height:1.7;color:#3d5260;word-wrap:break-word;overflow-wrap:break-word;\"><b style=\"font-size:16.5px;font-weight:800;color:#12303f;\">AMS 5537<\/b> \u2014 sheet, strip, foil and plate; SAE title &#8216;Cobalt Alloy, Corrosion- and Heat-Resistant, Sheet, Strip, Foil, and Plate 52Co &#8211; 20Cr &#8211; 10Ni &#8211; 15W Solution Heat Treated&#8217;. \u00b7 <b style=\"font-size:16.5px;font-weight:800;color:#12303f;\">AMS 5759<\/b> \u2014 bars, forgings and rings; SAE title &#8216;Cobalt Alloy, Corrosion and Heat-Resistant, Bars, Forgings, and Rings 52Co &#8211; 20Cr &#8211; 10Ni &#8211; 15W Solution Heat Treated&#8217;. \u00b7 <b style=\"font-size:16.5px;font-weight:800;color:#12303f;\">AMS 5796<\/b> \u2014 welding wire; SAE title &#8216;Cobalt Alloy, Corrosion and Heat-Resistant, Welding Wire 52Co &#8211; 20Cr &#8211; 10Ni &#8211; 15W&#8217;. \u00b7 <b style=\"font-size:16.5px;font-weight:800;color:#12303f;\">AMS 5797<\/b> \u2014 covered welding electrodes; SAE title &#8216;Cobalt Alloy, Corrosion and Heat-Resistant, Covered Welding Electrodes 51.5Co &#8211; 20Cr &#8211; 10Ni &#8211; 15W&#8217;. \u00b7 ASTM F90 \u2014 surgical implant quality; title &#8216;Standard Specification for Wrought Cobalt-20Chromium-15Tungsten-10Nickel Alloy for Surgical Implant Applications&#8217;, UNS R30605, bars, rods, wires, sheets and strips. \u00b7 MIL-C-24252 \u00b7 NACE MR0175 \/ ISO 15156 \u00b7 BS HR 40 \u00b7 GB\/T GH605 \/ GH5605.<br \/><span style=\"font-size:12.5px;color:#7b8f9b;line-height:1.6;display:inline-block;margin-top:6px;\">The SAE titles of all four AMS numbers were read one by one in this work, and all four were confirmed to belong to the 52Co-20Cr-10Ni-15W composition, that is, to this alloy.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">\n<div style=\"flex:0 0 118px;padding:11px 14px;background:#F7FAFB;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:.09em;text-transform:uppercase;color:#6b8091;font-weight:600;line-height:1.5;\">Advantage<\/div>\n<div style=\"flex:1 1 230px;min-width:0;padding:11px 14px;font-size:14.5px;line-height:1.7;color:#3d5260;word-wrap:break-word;overflow-wrap:break-word;\">Being cobalt-based, it keeps its strength in the 900-1000 \u00b0C band where nickel-base solid-solution alloys weaken. In the solution-annealed condition it gives about 476-517 MPa yield and 1000-1061 MPa tensile at room temperature, while at 982 \u00b0C it retains about 129 MPa yield and 188 MPa tensile\u2026<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">\n<div style=\"flex:0 0 118px;padding:11px 14px;background:#F7FAFB;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:.09em;text-transform:uppercase;color:#6b8091;font-weight:600;line-height:1.5;\">Welding<\/div>\n<div style=\"flex:1 1 230px;min-width:0;padding:11px 14px;font-size:14.5px;line-height:1.7;color:#3d5260;word-wrap:break-word;overflow-wrap:break-word;\">It can be welded by GTAW, GMAW, SMAW, electron beam and resistance welding. The filler metal is of MATCHING composition: <b style=\"font-size:16.5px;font-weight:800;color:#12303f;\">AMS 5796<\/b> welding wire or <b style=\"font-size:16.5px;font-weight:800;color:#12303f;\">AMS 5797<\/b> covered electrodes. Preheat is NOT required. The interpass temperature is kept below 93 \u00b0C (200 \u00b0F).<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">\n<div style=\"flex:0 0 118px;padding:11px 14px;background:#fdeceb;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:.09em;text-transform:uppercase;color:#c0392b;font-weight:600;line-height:1.5;\">Limits<\/div>\n<div style=\"flex:1 1 230px;min-width:0;padding:11px 14px;font-size:14.5px;line-height:1.7;color:#3d5260;word-wrap:break-word;overflow-wrap:break-word;background:#fdeceb;\">NOT PRECIPITATION HARDENABLE. There is NO solution treatment plus ageing cycle; there is no condition like H900 or the 720 \u00b0C + 620 \u00b0C cycle of alloy 718. Strength is raised only by cold work, and that increase is lost to recrystallisation at elevated temperature.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"padding:14px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/en\/contact\/\" style=\"display:inline-block;padding:11px 20px;font-size:14px;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;margin:0 8px 6px 0;background:#dd3333;color:#ffffff;\">REQUEST A QUOTE<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/en\/nickel-alloys\/\" style=\"display:inline-block;padding:11px 20px;font-size:14px;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;margin:0 8px 6px 0;font-weight:600;border:1px solid #12303f;color:#12303f;\">All nickel alloys &rarr;<\/a><span data-dm=\"dm-teknik\" style=\"cursor:pointer;display:inline-block;padding:11px 20px;font-size:14px;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;margin:0 8px 6px 0;border:1px solid #dd3333;color:#dd3333;\">TECHNICAL DETAILS &darr;<\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"padding:9px 14px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-size:11.5px;color:#8a9aa4;line-height:1.5;\">Compiled from manufacturer data sheets \u00b7 confirm against the current specification before ordering<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><!-- \/dm-hap --><!-- dm-nav --><\/p>\n<style>h4[id^=\"dm-b\"]{scroll-margin-top:120px}#dm-teknik{scroll-margin-top:120px}<\/style>\n<div style=\"border:1px solid #d7dfe4;background:#ffffff;margin:0 0 22px;padding:12px 14px;\">\n<div style=\"font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:.09em;text-transform:uppercase;color:#6b8091;font-weight:600;margin-bottom:9px;\">On this page &middot; click to jump<\/div>\n<div><span data-dm=\"dm-b0\" style=\"cursor:pointer;display:inline-block;padding:5px 11px;border:1px solid #dfe6ea;background:#F7FAFB;margin:0 6px 7px 0;font-size:13px;color:#12303f;\">What Haynes 25 (L-605) Is<\/span><span data-dm=\"dm-b1\" style=\"cursor:pointer;display:inline-block;padding:5px 11px;border:1px solid #dfe6ea;background:#F7FAFB;margin:0 6px 7px 0;font-size:13px;color:#12303f;\">Standards by Product Form<\/span><span data-dm=\"dm-b2\" style=\"cursor:pointer;display:inline-block;padding:5px 11px;border:1px solid #dfe6ea;background:#F7FAFB;margin:0 6px 7px 0;font-size:13px;color:#12303f;\">ASME Code Acceptance<\/span><span data-dm=\"dm-b3\" style=\"cursor:pointer;display:inline-block;padding:5px 11px;border:1px solid #dfe6ea;background:#F7FAFB;margin:0 6px 7px 0;font-size:13px;color:#12303f;\">Product Forms With NO Standard<\/span><span data-dm=\"dm-b4\" style=\"cursor:pointer;display:inline-block;padding:5px 11px;border:1px solid #dfe6ea;background:#F7FAFB;margin:0 6px 7px 0;font-size:13px;color:#12303f;\">Chemical Composition<\/span><span data-dm=\"dm-b5\" style=\"cursor:pointer;display:inline-block;padding:5px 11px;border:1px solid #dfe6ea;background:#F7FAFB;margin:0 6px 7px 0;font-size:13px;color:#12303f;\">Mechanical Properties<\/span><span data-dm=\"dm-b6\" style=\"cursor:pointer;display:inline-block;padding:5px 11px;border:1px solid #dfe6ea;background:#F7FAFB;margin:0 6px 7px 0;font-size:13px;color:#12303f;\">Physical Properties<\/span><span data-dm=\"dm-b7\" style=\"cursor:pointer;display:inline-block;padding:5px 11px;border:1px solid #dfe6ea;background:#F7FAFB;margin:0 6px 7px 0;font-size:13px;color:#12303f;\">Heat Treatment and Thermal Stability<\/span><span data-dm=\"dm-b8\" style=\"cursor:pointer;display:inline-block;padding:5px 11px;border:1px solid #dfe6ea;background:#F7FAFB;margin:0 6px 7px 0;font-size:13px;color:#12303f;\">Welding<\/span><span data-dm=\"dm-b9\" style=\"cursor:pointer;display:inline-block;padding:5px 11px;border:1px solid #dfe6ea;background:#F7FAFB;margin:0 6px 7px 0;font-size:13px;color:#12303f;\">Machining<\/span><span data-dm=\"dm-b10\" style=\"cursor:pointer;display:inline-block;padding:5px 11px;border:1px solid #dfe6ea;background:#F7FAFB;margin:0 6px 7px 0;font-size:13px;color:#12303f;\">Corrosion and Oxidation<\/span><span data-dm=\"dm-b11\" style=\"cursor:pointer;display:inline-block;padding:5px 11px;border:1px solid #dfe6ea;background:#F7FAFB;margin:0 6px 7px 0;font-size:13px;color:#12303f;\">Frequently Asked Questions<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><script>(function(){function go(id){var e=document.getElementById(id);if(e){var s=document.scrollingElement||document.documentElement;var y=e.getBoundingClientRect().top+s.scrollTop-118;if(y-0-0-0-0!==y){y=0;}window.scrollTo(0,y);}}function bind(el){el.addEventListener(\"click\",function(ev){ev.preventDefault();go(el.getAttribute(\"data-dm\"));});}function init(){var l=document.querySelectorAll(\"[data-dm]\");Array.prototype.forEach.call(l,bind);if(location.hash){if(location.hash.indexOf(\"#dm-\")===0){try{history.replaceState(null,\"\",location.pathname+location.search);}catch(e){}window.scrollTo(0,0);setTimeout(function(){window.scrollTo(0,0);},80);}}}if(document.readyState===\"loading\"){document.addEventListener(\"DOMContentLoaded\",init);}else{init();}})();<\/script><!-- \/dm-nav --><br \/>\n<span id=\"dm-teknik\" style=\"display:block;height:0;overflow:hidden;\"><\/span><br \/>\nHaynes 25 \u2014 also widely known as Alloy L-605 \u2014 is a cobalt-based superalloy. Unlike the nickel-based alloys in the nickel alloy group, its principal element is cobalt; its UNS designation is R30605.<\/p>\n<p>Its composition contains approximately 20% chromium, 15% nickel and 10% tungsten. It takes its strength from solid solution strengthening rather than from precipitation hardening. That difference matters: the structure stays homogeneous, no ageing heat treatment is required, and the tendency to crack during forming is low.<\/p>\n<p>It offers high yield and tensile strength up to approximately 980 \u00b0C, and its creep resistance is satisfactory in service up to 815 \u00b0C. Its fatigue resistance is what makes it the choice for rotating systems such as turbines, and the ease with which it can be welded and formed is an advantage on the manufacturing side.<\/p>\n<p>It is used in aerospace for turbine components and combustion chamber parts, in power generation and nuclear technology for high temperature parts, and in the chemical process industry for corrosion resistant components. Grades covered by ASTM F90 are also used in the manufacture of medical implants.<\/p>\n<div style=\"border:1px solid #d7dfe4;background:#ffffff;margin:24px 0 18px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\">\n<div style=\"background:#DD3333;color:#ffffff;font-size:13px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.04em;text-transform:uppercase;padding:10px 12px;line-height:1.35;\">Chemical Composition \u00b7 Haynes 25 \/ L-605 (R30605)<\/div>\n<p><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<table style=\"border-collapse:collapse;width:100%;font-size:15px;line-height:1.5;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\">Co \u2014 Cobalt<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">Esas element (bakiye)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\">Cr \u2014 Chromium<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">~20%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\">Ni \u2014 Nickel<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">~15%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\">W \u2014 Tungsten<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">~10%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\">Fe \/ Mn \/ Si \/ C<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">Eser miktarlarda<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"border:1px solid #d7dfe4;background:#ffffff;margin:24px 0 18px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\">\n<div style=\"background:#DD3333;color:#ffffff;font-size:13px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.04em;text-transform:uppercase;padding:10px 12px;line-height:1.35;\">Mechanical Properties \u00b7 Haynes 25<\/div>\n<p><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<table style=\"border-collapse:collapse;width:100%;font-size:15px;line-height:1.5;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\">Tensile strength (room temperature)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">~960 MPa<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\">Yield strength (room temperature)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">~400 MPa<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\">Service temperature<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">980 \u00b0C&#8217;ye kadar mukavemet<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\">Creep resistance<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">815 \u00b0C \u2014 stable up to this temperature<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\">Hardening mechanism<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">Solid solution strengthening<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"dm-std\" style=\"border:1px solid #d7dfe4;background:#ffffff;margin:24px 0 18px;\">\n<div style=\"background:#DD3333;color:#ffffff;font-size:13px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.04em;text-transform:uppercase;padding:10px 12px;line-height:1.35;\">Standards and Equivalents \u00b7 Haynes 25<\/div>\n<div data-dmtw=\"1\" style=\"position:relative;overflow:hidden;\"><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"position:relative;z-index:2;overflow-x:auto;\">\n<table style=\"border-collapse:collapse;width:100%;font-size:15px;line-height:1.5;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\">Trade name<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">Haynes 25<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\">UNS<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">R30605<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\">AMS<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">5537 \u00b7 5759<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\">ASTM<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">F90<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\">Available forms<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">Round bar \u00b7 Flat bar \u00b7 Plate \u00b7 Sheet \u00b7 Tube \u00b7 Forgings<br \/><span style=\"font-size:13px;color:#6b7a84;\">All forms are supplied to order.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"margin:28px 0 0;padding:14px 16px;border:1px solid #e0e0e0;background:#FBFCFD;font-size:15px;line-height:1.7;\">\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 10px;\"><span style=\"color:#DD3333;font-weight:700;\">\u2192<\/span> Contact us for Haynes 25 stock availability, sizes and AMS 5537 \/ AMS 5759 certified supply.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/en\/contact\/\" style=\"display:inline-block;background:#DD3333;color:#ffffff;font-weight:700;font-size:14px;padding:9px 16px;text-decoration:none;\">Request a quote<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"margin:22px 0 0;padding:14px 16px;border:1px solid #e0e0e0;background:#FBFCFD;\">\n<p style=\"font-size:11px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.08em;text-transform:uppercase;color:#9aa3a8;margin:0 0 8px;line-height:1.4;\">Related grades<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0;font-size:15px;line-height:2;color:#333;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/en\/hastelloy-x\/\" style=\"color:#24BEE5;font-weight:600;text-decoration:none;\">Hastelloy X<\/a> &nbsp;\u00b7&nbsp; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/en\/waspaloy\/\" style=\"color:#24BEE5;font-weight:600;text-decoration:none;\">Waspaloy<\/a> &nbsp;\u00b7&nbsp; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/en\/nimonic-80a\/\" style=\"color:#24BEE5;font-weight:600;text-decoration:none;\">Nimonic 80A<\/a> &nbsp;\u00b7&nbsp; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/en\/inconel-625\/\" style=\"color:#24BEE5;font-weight:600;text-decoration:none;\">Inconel 625<\/a> &nbsp;\u00b7&nbsp; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/en\/nickel-alloys\/\" style=\"color:#666;font-weight:600;text-decoration:none;\">All nickel alloys \u2192<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p><!-- dm-zengin --><\/p>\n<h4 id=\"dm-b0\" style=\"font-size:19px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;margin:30px 0 10px;line-height:1.35;\">What Haynes 25 (L-605) Is \u2014 and Why It Is Not a &#8220;Nickel Alloy&#8221;<\/h4>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 12px;font-size:15px;line-height:1.75;\">Haynes 25 (UNS <b>R30605<\/b> \/ W.Nr. <b>2.4964<\/b> \/ DIN-EN designation <b>CoCr20W15Ni<\/b>) is a wrought, single-phase face-centred-cubic (\u03b3) <b>cobalt-chromium-tungsten-nickel solid-solution alloy<\/b>: nominally <b>51 Co &#8211; 20 Cr &#8211; 15 W &#8211; 10 Ni<\/b>. It is sold most often as <b>L-605<\/b>, and also as <b>Stellite 25<\/b>, <b>Udimet L-605<\/b>, <b>Alacrite<\/b> and <b>Nickelvac L-605<\/b>. Most distributor catalogues file it under &#8220;nickel alloys&#8221;; <b>it is a cobalt alloy, and the nickel is there only to keep the FCC lattice stable (9-11 %)<\/b>. That single fact explains both everything the alloy is outstanding at and everything it fails at.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 12px;font-size:15px;line-height:1.75;\"><b>The one sentence that separates it from everything else:<\/b> L-605 <b>cannot be precipitation hardened<\/b>. It gains strength only from solid solution and cold work; it resists <b>sulphidation and metal galling better than nickel-base alloys can<\/b>; and it <b>falls behind in oxidation above 980 \u00b0C and loses room-temperature ductility after long intermediate-temperature exposure<\/b>. <b>It is also not an ASME pressure-vessel code material<\/b> \u2014 the wall most often hit at the sales desk, and it has a section of its own below.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 12px;font-size:15px;line-height:1.75;\"><b>Four quite different cobalt alloys are routinely confused with one another by buyers and by datasheets alike.<\/b> None substitutes for another, and two of them are not structural alloys at all.<\/p>\n<div style=\"border:1px solid #d7dfe4;background:#ffffff;margin:24px 0 18px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\">\n<div style=\"background:#DD3333;color:#ffffff;font-size:13px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.04em;text-transform:uppercase;padding:10px 12px;line-height:1.35;\">The Cobalt Family \u00b7 Honest Positioning<\/div>\n<p><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<table style=\"border-collapse:collapse;width:100%;font-size:15px;line-height:1.5;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>Haynes 25 \/ L-605<\/b><br \/>(R30605 \/ 2.4964)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>Co-20Cr-15W-10Ni<\/b>, C 0.05-0.15 %. Solid solution plus grain-boundary carbides. <b>The manufacturer&#8217;s own ceiling for long-term continuous exposure is 980 \u00b0C (1800 \u00b0F)<\/b>. Highest short-term hot strength of the group, best cold formability, the only ASTM implant route. <b>Its weak points: oxidation above 980 \u00b0C, and loss of room-temperature ductility after prolonged intermediate-temperature service<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\"><b>Haynes 188<\/b><br \/>(R30188)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\"><b>Co-22Cr-22Ni-14W plus 0.02-0.12 % La<\/b>. The lanthanum changes how the oxide scale adheres. The manufacturer&#8217;s own burner-rig test (<b>980 \u00b0C, 1000 hours<\/b>): <b>alloy 25 lost 198 \u00b5m of metal, alloy 188 lost 28 \u00b5m<\/b> \u2014 roughly <b>seven times<\/b> the difference. <b>If oxidation is the requirement, the answer is 188, not 25.<\/b> In exchange, 188 costs more and has no AMS\/ASTM implant route<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>Stellite 6B<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>A wear alloy, not a structural alloy.<\/b> Far higher carbon and chromium, with a coarse carbide network for hardness. <b>Treating it as the same family as L-605 is a serious error<\/b>: L-605 is a ductile sheet material that gives <b>elongations approaching 40 % and beyond<\/b>; 6B is not. <b>The order codes look alike, which is exactly why they get mixed up<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\"><b>MP35N<\/b><br \/>(R30035 \/ ASTM F562)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\"><b>Co-35Ni-20Cr-10Mo<\/b>. Far more nickel, molybdenum present, <b>no tungsten at all<\/b>. It is a <b>very high room-temperature strength and implant alloy<\/b>, not a high-temperature alloy. <b>When someone says &#8220;cobalt-chrome implant alloy&#8221; they usually mean this, and it is NOT L-605<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<p style=\"margin:18px 0 6px;font-size:15px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;line-height:1.5;\">Honest positioning against nickel-base high-temperature alloys<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 12px;font-size:15px;line-height:1.75;\"><b>There are three areas where L-605 genuinely wins.<\/b> First, <b>sulphidation<\/b>: a cobalt matrix does not form the equivalent of the low-melting Ni-S eutectic that damages nickel-base alloys in sulphur-bearing combustion products, which is a concrete advantage where materials such as <a href=\"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/en\/inconel-601\/\">alloy 601<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/en\/incoloy-800h\/\">alloy 800H<\/a> struggle. Second, <b>resistance to metal galling<\/b>: on dry sliding faces, in bearing housings and on seal contacts, the manufacturer lists this among the alloy&#8217;s three principal features. Third, <b>cold formability and spring temper<\/b>: the alloy takes up to <b>40 % total cold reduction<\/b> and reaches beyond 1500 N\/mm\u00b2 in spring temper \u2014 and very few spring materials can also serve in the 900 \u00b0C band. <b>Where it loses is just as clear:<\/b> in long-term oxidation it sits behind nickel-base alloys of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/en\/hastelloy-x\/\">alloy X<\/a> and 230 class; in aqueous corrosion it is not even comparable to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/en\/hastelloy-c-276\/\">C-276<\/a> or <a href=\"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/en\/hastelloy-c-22\/\">C-22<\/a>, because <b>it has no molybdenum and no published isocorrosion chart<\/b>; and where precipitation-hardened strength is needed, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/en\/inconel-718\/\">alloy 718<\/a> or <a href=\"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/en\/waspaloy\/\">Waspaloy<\/a> give far higher yield. <b>Do not buy L-605 unless at least one of its three real strengths is genuinely required.<\/b><\/p>\n<h4 id=\"dm-b1\" style=\"font-size:19px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;margin:30px 0 10px;line-height:1.35;\">Standards by Product Form<\/h4>\n<p><!-- dm-diy-std --><\/p>\n<div style=\"border:1px solid #e3e9ec;margin:22px 0 26px;background:#fff;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\">\n<div style=\"background:#12303f;color:#fff;padding:9px 14px;font-size:14px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.3px;position:relative;z-index:2;\">STANDARDS BY PRODUCT FORM<\/div>\n<div style=\"position:relative;z-index:2;\">\n<div style=\"padding:12px 12px 2px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\"><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"overflow-x:auto;position:relative;z-index:2;\">\n<table style=\"width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:13.5px;min-width:430px;background:transparent;\">\n<tr>\n<th style=\"padding:7px 9px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:#12303f;background:#F2F6F8;border:1px solid #eceff1;\">Product form<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding:7px 9px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:#12303f;background:#F2F6F8;border:1px solid #eceff1;\">Standards<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">Sheet, strip, foil, plate<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\"><b style=\"font-size:16.5px;font-weight:800;color:#12303f;\">AMS 5537<\/b> (&#8216;Cobalt Alloy, Corrosion- and Heat-Resistant, Sheet, Strip, Foil, and Plate 52Co &#8211; 20Cr &#8211; 10Ni &#8211; 15W Solution Heat Treated&#8217;; up to 2.250 inch thickness) \u00b7 ASTM F90 (surgical implant quality sheet and strip only) \u00b7 MIL-C-24252<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">Round bar, flat bar, forging, ring, forging stock<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\"><b style=\"font-size:16.5px;font-weight:800;color:#12303f;\">AMS 5759<\/b> (&#8216;Cobalt Alloy, Corrosion and Heat-Resistant, Bars, Forgings, and Rings 52Co &#8211; 20Cr &#8211; 10Ni &#8211; 15W Solution Heat Treated&#8217;; bars, forgings, flash-welded rings and stock for forging or heading) \u00b7 ASTM F90 (surgical implant quality bar and rod only) \u00b7 BS HR 40<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">Wire<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">NO AMS number (<b style=\"font-size:16.5px;font-weight:800;color:#12303f;\">AMS 5796<\/b> is welding wire, not structural wire) \u00b7 ASTM F90 (surgical implant quality wire) \u00b7 ASTM F1091 is listed as surgical fixation wire, but its scope could not be verified in four sources in this work<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">Tube, pipe<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">NO AMS number \u2014 <b style=\"font-size:16.5px;font-weight:800;color:#12303f;\">AMS 5537<\/b> and 5759 do not cover tubing \u00b7 No ASTM product specification in force could be found \u00b7 L-605 seamless tube is sold to mill specification; the acceptance criteria must be written into the purchase order<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">Welding wire<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\"><b style=\"font-size:16.5px;font-weight:800;color:#12303f;\">AMS 5796<\/b> (&#8216;Cobalt Alloy, Corrosion and Heat-Resistant, Welding Wire 52Co &#8211; 20Cr &#8211; 10Ni &#8211; 15W&#8217;) \u00b7 UNS W73605<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">Covered welding electrode<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\"><b style=\"font-size:16.5px;font-weight:800;color:#12303f;\">AMS 5797<\/b> (&#8216;Cobalt Alloy, Corrosion and Heat-Resistant, Covered Welding Electrodes 51.5Co &#8211; 20Cr &#8211; 10Ni &#8211; 15W&#8217;) \u00b7 NOT interchangeable with <b style=\"font-size:16.5px;font-weight:800;color:#12303f;\">AMS 5796<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">Surgical implant<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">ASTM F90 (&#8216;Standard Specification for Wrought Cobalt-20Chromium-15Tungsten-10Nickel Alloy for Surgical Implant Applications&#8217;, UNS R30605; bars, rods, wires, sheets and strips, excluding surgical fixation wires) \u00b7 ISO 5832-5 is listed but was not verified in four sources in this work<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">Oil and gas \u2014 sour service<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">NACE MR0175 \/ ISO 15156(-3)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">Chemical composition and numbering<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">UNS R30605 (welding wire W73605) \u00b7 W.Nr. 2.4964 \u00b7 GB\/T GH605 \/ GH5605<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"padding:6px 14px 12px;font-size:12px;color:#5b7180;line-height:1.7;border-top:1px solid #f0f3f5;position:relative;z-index:2;\">AMS numbers are given first, ASTM afterwards. The SAE titles of all four AMS numbers were read one by one and all four were confirmed to belong to this alloy (52Co-20Cr-10Ni-15W). The distinction between AMS 5537 and 5759 is the PRODUCT FORM: flat product against long product and forgings. The most important gap is TUBING: neither an AMS number nor an ASTM specification in force covers L-605 tube. ASTM F90 is a surgical implant specification and does not replace an AMS number on an aerospace order.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><!-- \/dm-diy-std --><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 12px;font-size:15px;line-height:1.75;\"><b>There is a surprise here and the purchasing desk should know it in advance:<\/b> R30605 is <b>an aerospace (AMS) and a surgical implant (ASTM F) material<\/b>. <b>It has NO place in the ASTM B-series non-ferrous specifications, in the ASME SB specifications, or in any pipe, fitting or flange specification.<\/b> The table below separates what is verified from what is not.<\/p>\n<div style=\"border:1px solid #d7dfe4;background:#ffffff;margin:24px 0 18px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\">\n<div style=\"background:#DD3333;color:#ffffff;font-size:13px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.04em;text-transform:uppercase;padding:10px 12px;line-height:1.35;\">Standards by Product Form \u00b7 Haynes 25 \/ L-605 (R30605 \/ 2.4964)<\/div>\n<p><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<table style=\"border-collapse:collapse;width:100%;font-size:15px;line-height:1.5;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>Plate \u00b7 sheet \u00b7 strip \u00b7 foil<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>AMS 5537<\/b> \u2014 full title: &#8220;Cobalt Alloy, Corrosion- and Heat-Resistant, Sheet, Strip, Foil, and Plate 52Co-20Cr-10Ni-15W, Solution Heat Treated&#8221;. <b>Current revision K (2023)<\/b>; earlier revisions H (2002, reaffirmed 2006) and J (2017). <b>Note that foil is inside the scope<\/b> \u2014 many distributor pages omit it<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\"><b>Bar \u00b7 forging stock \u00b7 forgings \u00b7 rings<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\"><b>AMS 5759<\/b> \u2014 full title: &#8220;Cobalt Alloy, Corrosion and Heat-Resistant, Bars, Forging Stock, Forgings, and Rings 52Co-20Cr-10Ni-15W&#8221;. <b>Current revision N<\/b>. <b>Forgings and rings are inside this one specification<\/b>; do not go looking for a separate forging spec<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>Bare welding wire<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>AMS 5796<\/b> \u2014 &#8220;Cobalt Alloy, Corrosion and Heat-Resistant, Welding Wire 52Co-20Cr-10Ni-15W&#8221;. <b>Revision F (2018)<\/b>; older D and E revisions are still in circulation<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\"><b>Implant: bar, rod, wire, sheet, strip<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\"><b>ASTM F90<\/b> \u2014 &#8220;Standard Specification for Wrought Cobalt-20Chromium-15Tungsten-10Nickel Alloy for Surgical Implant Applications (UNS R30605)&#8221;. <b>Its scope EXPLICITLY EXCLUDES surgical fixation wire<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>Implant: surgical fixation wire<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>ASTM F1091<\/b> \u2014 &#8220;Wrought Cobalt-20Chromium-15Tungsten-10Nickel Alloy Surgical Fixation Wire (UNS R30605)&#8221;. <b>It covers exactly the form F90 leaves out.<\/b> Knowing how the two relate is the detail that signals competence to a medical buyer<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\"><b>Aerospace design data<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\"><b>MMPDS section 6.4.1<\/b> \u2014 L-605 has <b>published design allowables<\/b> in MMPDS. For an aerospace customer this is the most important line after AMS. Military: <b>MIL-C-24252D<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>ASME Section IX P\/F number<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>NOT ASSIGNED \u2014 do not publish a P-No. or F-No.<\/b> ASME IX P numbers are given to materials accepted into the ASME code; <b>R30605 is not an ASME code material<\/b>, so no P number exists. Procedure qualification runs instead through <b>the unlisted-material route of ASME IX<\/b> or under the customer\/aerospace specification<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\"><b>Europe<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">W.Nr. <b>2.4964<\/b>, designation <b>CoCr20W15Ni<\/b>. One strip producer also lists <b>2.4967<\/b> \u2014 <b>single source, not independently verified; use 2.4964<\/b>. No EN product specification (of the EN 10095 type) was <b>found<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>British standard<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>CONFLICT:<\/b> one wire producer says <b>BS HR 40<\/b>, another publisher says <b>BS HR 5<\/b>. <b>Both are single-source and they disagree.<\/b> Verify against the standard itself before publishing a BS number<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\"><b>Sour service<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\"><b>NACE MR0175 \/ ISO 15156<\/b> \u2014 listed both by the manufacturer&#8217;s brochure and by a strip producer. <b>However, which form, which condition and which hardness ceiling the ISO 15156-3 table entry is limited to could not be verified in this research.<\/b> Do not write a flat &#8220;MR0175 compliant&#8221;; <b>show the customer the table entry<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<h4 id=\"dm-b2\" style=\"font-size:19px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;margin:30px 0 10px;line-height:1.35;\">ASME Code Acceptance \u2014 and Why This Section Is a Warning, Not a Table<\/h4>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 12px;font-size:15px;line-height:1.75;\"><b>This is the most commercially useful fact on the page and reading it once is enough:<\/b> in this research <b>no allowable-stress entry in ASME Section II Part D, no SB specification number and no valid code case could be found for R30605.<\/b><\/p>\n<div style=\"border:1px solid #d7dfe4;background:#ffffff;margin:24px 0 18px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\">\n<div style=\"background:#DD3333;color:#ffffff;font-size:13px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.04em;text-transform:uppercase;padding:10px 12px;line-height:1.35;\">ASME and Piping Codes \u00b7 Haynes 25 \/ L-605<\/div>\n<p><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<table style=\"border-collapse:collapse;width:100%;font-size:15px;line-height:1.5;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>ASME Section VIII Div. 1<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>NO EVIDENCE OF ACCEPTANCE FOUND.<\/b> There is no allowable-stress table entry \u00b7 <b>do NOT publish a maximum code temperature<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\"><b>ASME Section VIII Div. 2<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\"><b>NO EVIDENCE OF ACCEPTANCE FOUND<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>ASME Section I (power boiler)<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>NO EVIDENCE OF ACCEPTANCE FOUND<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\"><b>ASME B31.1 (power piping)<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\"><b>NO EVIDENCE OF ACCEPTANCE FOUND<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>ASME B31.3 (process piping)<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>NO EVIDENCE OF ACCEPTANCE FOUND<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\"><b>Code case<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\"><b>No valid ASME code case was found<\/b> for R30605. If a distributor gives you a code case number, <b>do not put it on an order confirmation without checking it against the current ASME code case list<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>So what is used instead<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>L-605 is an AEROSPACE and IMPLANT material.<\/b> Design allowables come from <b>MMPDS 6.4.1<\/b>; acceptance comes from <b>AMS 5537 \/ AMS 5759<\/b> and the customer specification. If an ASME pressure boundary is required, <b>move to a code-listed material<\/b> such as <a href=\"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/en\/inconel-625\/\">alloy 625<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/en\/hastelloy-x\/\">alloy X<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/en\/incoloy-800h\/\">alloy 800H<\/a> or <a href=\"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/en\/inconel-601\/\">alloy 601<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 12px;font-size:15px;line-height:1.75;\"><b>Understanding why makes the conversation easier.<\/b> ASME Section II Part D is fed largely by <b>ASTM B-series non-ferrous specifications<\/b>. R30605 appears in <b>none<\/b> of them, because the alloy was developed in the 1950s <b>for the gas turbine hot section<\/b> and its standardisation ran down the aerospace (AMS) route. The implant route (ASTM F90, ISO 5832-5) was added later. <b>The pressure-vessel route was never opened, and that is a design decision rather than an oversight:<\/b> the thermal stability of L-605 at intermediate temperatures is not ideal for the tens of thousands of hours of steady service that code design assumes.<\/p>\n<h4 id=\"dm-b3\" style=\"font-size:19px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;margin:30px 0 10px;line-height:1.35;\">Product Forms With NO Standard \u2014 the Commercially Valuable Section<\/h4>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 12px;font-size:15px;line-height:1.75;\"><b>This is the section your sales engineers should memorise.<\/b> Published product specifications exist for R30605 in <b>only four main forms<\/b>: plate\/sheet\/strip\/foil, bar\/forgings\/rings, welding consumables, and implant product. <b>Everything else is sold to a company specification.<\/b><\/p>\n<div style=\"border:1px solid #d7dfe4;background:#ffffff;margin:24px 0 18px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\">\n<div style=\"background:#DD3333;color:#ffffff;font-size:13px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.04em;text-transform:uppercase;padding:10px 12px;line-height:1.35;\">Specification Gaps for R30605<\/div>\n<p><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<table style=\"border-collapse:collapse;width:100%;font-size:15px;line-height:1.5;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>Seamless pipe and tube<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>There is NO seamless pipe or tube product specification for R30605<\/b> \u2014 not in the ASTM B series, not in AMS. <b>Suppliers do sell L-605 seamless tube, but to a company specification.<\/b> The honest answer is: <b>chemistry to AMS 5759, mechanicals and dimensional tolerances by agreement<\/b>. Put that on the order confirmation. The same applies to <b>welded tube<\/b>, which is how the medical stent world actually works: the tube is made under <b>ASTM F90 chemistry plus the producer&#8217;s own procedure<\/b>, not under a tube product specification<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\"><b>Fittings and flanges<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\"><b>NO specification exists.<\/b> ASTM B366 (fittings) and B462\/B564 (flanges\/forgings) are <b>nickel alloy specifications and do not cover R30605<\/b>. If a forged part is wanted, the route is <b>an AMS 5759 forging<\/b> and dimensional acceptance is to the customer drawing. The same is true of <b>bolting<\/b>: there is no A193\/A194 equivalent<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>Structural and spring wire<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>There is NO aerospace specification for structural or spring wire.<\/b> <b>AMS 5796 is a WELDING CONSUMABLE specification<\/b>; AMS 5759 covers <b>bar and forging stock<\/b>. ASTM F90 does cover wire, but <b>as implant quality<\/b>; ASTM F1091 covers <b>surgical fixation wire<\/b> specifically. <b>For a turbine spring there is no such product as &#8220;L-605 wire to ASTM&#8221;<\/b> \u2014 wire producers sell annealed <b>900-1500 N\/mm\u00b2<\/b> and spring temper <b>1400-1800 N\/mm\u00b2<\/b> bands to their own company specifications<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\"><b>Castings<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\"><b>There is NO cast equivalent of L-605.<\/b> The standardised cobalt casting grades are entirely different compositions: <b>ASTM F75 (Co-Cr-Mo)<\/b> on the implant side, and high-carbon Stellite-type grades on the wear side. <b>Neither is L-605<\/b> \u2014 no tungsten, far more carbon. <b>There is no such standardised product as an &#8220;L-605 cast valve body&#8221;.<\/b> Buy a forging and tell the customer plainly what the difference is<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<h4 id=\"dm-b4\" style=\"font-size:19px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;margin:30px 0 10px;line-height:1.35;\">Chemical Composition<\/h4>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 12px;font-size:15px;line-height:1.75;\"><b>AMS 5537, AMS 5759 and ASTM F90 carry effectively the SAME chemistry table<\/b> \u2014 a real convenience compared with the nickel-alloy world. In weight %: <b>Co balance<\/b> \u00b7 <b>Cr 19.00-21.00<\/b> \u00b7 <b>W 14.00-16.00<\/b> \u00b7 <b>Ni 9.00-11.00<\/b> \u00b7 <b>Mn 1.00-2.00<\/b> \u00b7 <b>C 0.05-0.15<\/b> \u00b7 Si \u22640.40 \u00b7 Fe \u22643.00 \u00b7 P \u22640.040 \u00b7 S \u22640.030.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 12px;font-size:15px;line-height:1.75;\"><b>Note that carbon has a MINIMUM.<\/b> C \u22650.05 % is not a typographical error: grain-boundary carbides are part of this alloy&#8217;s creep strength, and taking the carbon out would weaken it. That is the exact opposite of the design logic behind deliberately decarburised nickel alloys such as <a href=\"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/en\/hastelloy-b-3\/\">B-3<\/a>. One mill publishes that it aims for carbon in the <b>0.08-0.11 %<\/b> band (<b>single source<\/b>; that is an aim chemistry, not a specification). <b>Chromium (19-21 %)<\/b> supplies the protective Cr\u2082O\u2083 scale and therefore the entire oxidation resistance; <b>20 % works to 980 \u00b0C and no further<\/b>, which is precisely the problem the lanthanum addition in alloy 188 was made to solve. <b>Tungsten (14-16 %)<\/b> is the main solid-solution strengthener \u2014 <b>and simultaneously the source of the thermal-stability problem<\/b>, because tungsten-rich secondary phases are what precipitate at intermediate temperatures. <b>Strength and instability come from the same element; you cannot have one without the other.<\/b> <b>Nickel (9-11 %)<\/b> keeps the FCC lattice stable at and below room temperature.<\/p>\n<div style=\"border:1px solid #d7dfe4;background:#ffffff;margin:24px 0 18px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\">\n<div style=\"background:#DD3333;color:#ffffff;font-size:13px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.04em;text-transform:uppercase;padding:10px 12px;line-height:1.35;\">Chemistry Divergences That Actually Matter<\/div>\n<p><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<table style=\"border-collapse:collapse;width:100%;font-size:15px;line-height:1.5;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>Phosphorus<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>ASTM F90 and the AMS route: P \u22640.040.<\/b> One major US producer prints <b>P \u22640.030<\/b> on its own product page. <b>The conflict is real but harmless<\/b>: the tighter number is that mill&#8217;s internal limit. Check the certificate <b>against the specification the customer ordered<\/b>, not against a mill page<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\"><b>Molybdenum<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\"><b>There is NO molybdenum in the specification chemistry tables.<\/b> The manufacturer&#8217;s nominal table carries a <b>Mo \u22641 %<\/b> line, which is a <b>residual ceiling<\/b>. One distributor page prints this as <b>&#8220;Mo 1.20-1.40 %&#8221;<\/b> \u2014 that is, as a <b>range<\/b>, and above the producer&#8217;s own ceiling. <b>That is a plain error; L-605 is not a molybdenum alloy<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>Silicon<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>Specification: Si \u22640.40.<\/b> At least one secondary database prints <b>Si 1.0<\/b> \u2014 <b>two and a half times out<\/b>. That figure has most likely drifted across from a welding consumable table<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<h4 id=\"dm-b5\" style=\"font-size:19px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;margin:30px 0 10px;line-height:1.35;\">Mechanical Properties<\/h4>\n<p><!-- dm-diy-sert --><\/p>\n<div style=\"border:1px solid #e3e9ec;margin:22px 0 26px;background:#fff;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\">\n<div style=\"background:#12303f;color:#fff;padding:9px 14px;font-size:14px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.3px;position:relative;z-index:2;\">STRENGTH VALUES<\/div>\n<div style=\"position:relative;z-index:2;\">\n<div style=\"padding:12px 10px 0;\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 740 556\" style=\"width:100%;height:auto;display:block;\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" role=\"img\"><rect x=\"16\" y=\"6\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"#12303f\"\/><text x=\"34\" y=\"16\" font-size=\"11.5\" fill=\"#12303f\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">Yield (MPa)<\/text><rect x=\"146\" y=\"6\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"#7fa8bd\"\/><text x=\"164\" y=\"16\" font-size=\"11.5\" fill=\"#12303f\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">Tensile (MPa)<\/text><text x=\"16\" y=\"44\" font-size=\"12.5\" font-weight=\"bold\" fill=\"#12303f\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">AMS 5537 \u00b7 solution-annealed sheet \u2014 specification value<\/text><rect x=\"16\" y=\"50\" width=\"448.9\" height=\"15\" fill=\"#7fa8bd\"\/><text x=\"471.9\" y=\"62\" font-size=\"11.5\" fill=\"#5b7180\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">895<\/text><rect x=\"16\" y=\"68\" width=\"190.6\" height=\"15\" fill=\"#12303f\"\/><text x=\"213.6\" y=\"80\" font-size=\"11.5\" fill=\"#5b7180\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">380<\/text><text x=\"16\" y=\"108\" font-size=\"12.5\" font-weight=\"bold\" fill=\"#12303f\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">AMS 5759 \u00b7 solution-annealed bar \u2014 specification minimum<\/text><rect x=\"16\" y=\"114\" width=\"448.9\" height=\"15\" fill=\"#7fa8bd\"\/><text x=\"471.9\" y=\"126\" font-size=\"11.5\" fill=\"#5b7180\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">895<\/text><text x=\"16\" y=\"154\" font-size=\"12.5\" font-weight=\"bold\" fill=\"#12303f\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">TYPICAL \u00b7 solution annealed, 20 \u00b0C \u2014 Haynes International<\/text><rect x=\"16\" y=\"160\" width=\"501.5\" height=\"15\" fill=\"#7fa8bd\"\/><text x=\"524.5\" y=\"172\" font-size=\"11.5\" fill=\"#5b7180\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">1000<\/text><rect x=\"16\" y=\"178\" width=\"238.7\" height=\"15\" fill=\"#12303f\"\/><text x=\"261.7\" y=\"190\" font-size=\"11.5\" fill=\"#5b7180\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">476<\/text><text x=\"16\" y=\"218\" font-size=\"12.5\" font-weight=\"bold\" fill=\"#12303f\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">TYPICAL \u00b7 solution annealed, 20 \u00b0C \u2014 TechSteel<\/text><rect x=\"16\" y=\"224\" width=\"532.1\" height=\"15\" fill=\"#7fa8bd\"\/><text x=\"555.1\" y=\"236\" font-size=\"11.5\" fill=\"#5b7180\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">1061<\/text><rect x=\"16\" y=\"242\" width=\"259.3\" height=\"15\" fill=\"#12303f\"\/><text x=\"282.3\" y=\"254\" font-size=\"11.5\" fill=\"#5b7180\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">517<\/text><text x=\"16\" y=\"282\" font-size=\"12.5\" font-weight=\"bold\" fill=\"#12303f\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">TYPICAL \u00b7 solution annealed, 20 \u00b0C \u2014 FUSHUN<\/text><rect x=\"16\" y=\"288\" width=\"481.5\" height=\"15\" fill=\"#7fa8bd\"\/><text x=\"504.5\" y=\"300\" font-size=\"11.5\" fill=\"#5b7180\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">960<\/text><rect x=\"16\" y=\"306\" width=\"210.6\" height=\"15\" fill=\"#12303f\"\/><text x=\"233.6\" y=\"318\" font-size=\"11.5\" fill=\"#5b7180\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">420<\/text><text x=\"16\" y=\"346\" font-size=\"12.5\" font-weight=\"bold\" fill=\"#12303f\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">TYPICAL \u00b7 extruded bar, 20 \u00b0C<\/text><rect x=\"16\" y=\"352\" width=\"432.3\" height=\"15\" fill=\"#7fa8bd\"\/><text x=\"455.3\" y=\"364\" font-size=\"11.5\" fill=\"#5b7180\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">862<\/text><rect x=\"16\" y=\"370\" width=\"155.5\" height=\"15\" fill=\"#12303f\"\/><text x=\"178.5\" y=\"382\" font-size=\"11.5\" fill=\"#5b7180\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">310<\/text><text x=\"16\" y=\"410\" font-size=\"12.5\" font-weight=\"bold\" fill=\"#12303f\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">TYPICAL \u00b7 solution annealed, 982 \u00b0C (1800 \u00b0F)<\/text><rect x=\"16\" y=\"416\" width=\"94.3\" height=\"15\" fill=\"#7fa8bd\"\/><text x=\"117.3\" y=\"428\" font-size=\"11.5\" fill=\"#5b7180\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">188<\/text><rect x=\"16\" y=\"434\" width=\"64.7\" height=\"15\" fill=\"#12303f\"\/><text x=\"87.7\" y=\"446\" font-size=\"11.5\" fill=\"#5b7180\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">129<\/text><text x=\"16\" y=\"474\" font-size=\"12.5\" font-weight=\"bold\" fill=\"#12303f\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">TYPICAL \u00b7 cold-drawn spring temper, 20 \u00b0C<\/text><rect x=\"16\" y=\"480\" width=\"652.0\" height=\"15\" fill=\"#7fa8bd\"\/><text x=\"675.0\" y=\"492\" font-size=\"11.5\" fill=\"#5b7180\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">1300<\/text><text x=\"16\" y=\"520\" font-size=\"12.5\" font-weight=\"bold\" fill=\"#12303f\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">TYPICAL \u00b7 creep \u2014 1000 hours at 1800 \u00b0F<\/text><rect x=\"16\" y=\"526\" width=\"9.0\" height=\"15\" fill=\"#12303f\"\/><text x=\"32.0\" y=\"538\" font-size=\"11.5\" fill=\"#5b7180\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">18<\/text><\/svg><\/div>\n<div style=\"padding:12px 12px 2px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\"><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"overflow-x:auto;position:relative;z-index:2;\">\n<table style=\"width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:13.5px;min-width:430px;background:transparent;\">\n<tr>\n<th style=\"padding:7px 9px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:#12303f;background:#F2F6F8;border:1px solid #eceff1;\">Condition<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding:7px 9px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:#12303f;background:#F2F6F8;border:1px solid #eceff1;\">Hardness<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding:7px 9px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:#12303f;background:#F2F6F8;border:1px solid #eceff1;\">Yield MPa<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding:7px 9px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:#12303f;background:#F2F6F8;border:1px solid #eceff1;\">Tensile MPa<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding:7px 9px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:#12303f;background:#F2F6F8;border:1px solid #eceff1;\">Elongation<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">AMS 5537 \u00b7 solution-annealed sheet \u2014 specification value<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">\u2014<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">380-550<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">895<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">30-45%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">AMS 5759 \u00b7 solution-annealed bar \u2014 specification minimum<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">282 HB max<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">\u2014<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">895<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">\u2014<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">TYPICAL \u00b7 solution annealed, 20 \u00b0C \u2014 Haynes International<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">\u2014<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">476<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">1000<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">55%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">TYPICAL \u00b7 solution annealed, 20 \u00b0C \u2014 TechSteel<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">\u2014<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">517<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">1061<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">55%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">TYPICAL \u00b7 solution annealed, 20 \u00b0C \u2014 FUSHUN<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">98 HRB<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">420-480<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">960-1040<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">38-50%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">TYPICAL \u00b7 extruded bar, 20 \u00b0C<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">277 HB max<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">310<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">862<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">30%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">TYPICAL \u00b7 solution annealed, 982 \u00b0C (1800 \u00b0F)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">\u2014<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">129<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">188<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">114%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">TYPICAL \u00b7 cold-drawn spring temper, 20 \u00b0C<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">\u2014<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">\u2014<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">1300-1800<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">2-8%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">TYPICAL \u00b7 creep \u2014 1000 hours at 1800 \u00b0F<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">\u2014<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">18<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">\u2014<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">\u2014<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"padding:6px 14px 12px;font-size:12px;color:#5b7180;line-height:1.7;border-top:1px solid #f0f3f5;position:relative;z-index:2;\"><b style=\"color:#12303f;\">Haynes 25 is NOT PRECIPITATION HARDENABLE, so the rows are split not by an ageing condition (such as H900 or H1075) but by the TEMPERATURE at which the solution-annealed material is tested and by TEMPER (solution annealed, cold-drawn spring temper). Rows labelled SPECIFICATION MINIMUM are the lowest values demanded by AMS 5537 and AMS 5759; rows labelled TYPICAL are producer typical values. The two groups must not be confused. All rows are for room temperature unless stated otherwise.<\/b> In the chart, a value given as a range is drawn at its lower bound; the full range is in the table. NOT PRECIPITATION HARDENABLE \u2014 the rows are not split by an ageing condition. SPECIFICATION MINIMUM and TYPICAL rows are labelled separately and must not be confused. The 982 \u00b0C row and the creep row come from a single independent source (Haynes International), as stated beside them. The spring-temper row comes from two independent sources; a range is given and no average has been taken. The mechanical tables of AMS 5537 and 5759 are taken from secondary sources rather than from the full specification text.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><!-- \/dm-diy-sert --><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 12px;font-size:15px;line-height:1.75;\"><b>There are two separate systems here and mixing up the rows is the commonest single error:<\/b> on the aerospace route AMS 5537 (sheet\/plate) and AMS 5759 (bar\/forgings) give different minima; on the implant route ASTM F90 gives two separate sets, one <b>annealed<\/b> and one <b>cold-worked<\/b>.<\/p>\n<div style=\"border:1px solid #d7dfe4;background:#ffffff;margin:24px 0 18px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\">\n<div style=\"background:#DD3333;color:#ffffff;font-size:13px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.04em;text-transform:uppercase;padding:10px 12px;line-height:1.35;\">Specification Minima \u2014 Do NOT Mix the Rows<\/div>\n<p><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<table style=\"border-collapse:collapse;width:100%;font-size:15px;line-height:1.5;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>ASTM F90 \u00b7 annealed bar and wire<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">Tensile <b>\u2265860 MPa (125 ksi)<\/b> \u00b7 Rp0.2 <b>\u2265310 MPa (45 ksi)<\/b> \u00b7 Elongation <b>\u226530 %<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\"><b>ASTM F90 \u00b7 cold-worked bar and wire<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">Tensile <b>\u22651250 MPa (180 ksi)<\/b> \u00b7 Rp0.2 <b>\u2265760 MPa (110 ksi)<\/b> \u00b7 Elongation <b>\u226515 %<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>ASTM F90 \u00b7 annealed sheet and strip<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">Tensile <b>\u2265896 MPa (130 ksi)<\/b> \u00b7 Rp0.2 <b>\u2265379 MPa (55 ksi)<\/b> \u00b7 Elongation <b>30-45 %<\/b> (varies with thickness)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\"><b>AMS 5537 \u00b7 solution-treated sheet<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">Tensile <b>\u2265896 MPa (130 ksi)<\/b> \u00b7 yield, published range <b>379-552 MPa (55-80 ksi)<\/b> \u00b7 elongation <b>30-45 %<\/b>. <b>Consistent with the ASTM F90 sheet row<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>AMS 5759 \u00b7 bar<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">Tensile <b>\u2265862 MPa (125 ksi)<\/b> \u00b7 Rp0.2 <b>\u2265310 MPa (45 ksi)<\/b> \u00b7 Elongation <b>\u226530 % (4D)<\/b> \u00b7 hardness <b>\u2264277 HB<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\"><b>CONFLICT in AMS 5759<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">One mill page gives, for the same specification, <b>tensile \u2265895 MPa and hardness \u2264282 HB<\/b>. <b>The majority position is 862 MPa \/ 277 HB.<\/b> Both numbers are in circulation; <b>verify against the specification itself before writing either onto an order confirmation<\/b>, and never average the two. Remember too that <b>L-605 cannot be hardened by heat treatment<\/b> \u2014 the &#8220;cold-worked&#8221; row above is reached <b>by deformation only<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"border:1px solid #d7dfe4;background:#ffffff;margin:24px 0 18px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\">\n<div style=\"background:#DD3333;color:#ffffff;font-size:13px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.04em;text-transform:uppercase;padding:10px 12px;line-height:1.35;\">Elevated-Temperature Tensile \u2014 Solution Heat-Treated Sheet (typical)<\/div>\n<p><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<table style=\"border-collapse:collapse;width:100%;font-size:15px;line-height:1.5;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\">Room temperature<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">Rp0.2 <b>476 MPa<\/b> \u00b7 Rm <b>996 MPa<\/b> \u00b7 Elongation <b>54.7 %<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\">538 \u00b0C (1000 \u00b0F)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">Rp0.2 <b>268 MPa<\/b> \u00b7 Rm <b>820 MPa<\/b> \u00b7 Elongation <b>63.4 %<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\">649 \u00b0C (1200 \u00b0F)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">Rp0.2 <b>256 MPa<\/b> \u00b7 Rm <b>823 MPa<\/b> \u00b7 Elongation <b>54.2 %<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\">760 \u00b0C (1400 \u00b0F)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">Rp0.2 <b>245 MPa<\/b> \u00b7 Rm <b>569 MPa<\/b> \u00b7 Elongation <b>33.9 %<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\">871 \u00b0C (1600 \u00b0F)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">Rp0.2 <b>231 MPa<\/b> \u00b7 Rm <b>319 MPa<\/b> \u00b7 Elongation <b>97.8 %<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\">982 \u00b0C (1800 \u00b0F)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">Rp0.2 <b>128 MPa<\/b> \u00b7 Rm <b>178 MPa<\/b> \u00b7 Elongation <b>94.1 %<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\">1093 \u00b0C (2000 \u00b0F)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">Rp0.2 <b>62 MPa<\/b> \u00b7 Rm <b>92 MPa<\/b> \u00b7 Elongation <b>63 %<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"border:1px solid #d7dfe4;background:#ffffff;margin:24px 0 18px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\">\n<div style=\"background:#DD3333;color:#ffffff;font-size:13px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.04em;text-transform:uppercase;padding:10px 12px;line-height:1.35;\">Creep-Rupture Strength (solution annealed, typical)<\/div>\n<p><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<table style=\"border-collapse:collapse;width:100%;font-size:15px;line-height:1.5;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>Sheet \u00b7 100 h rupture<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">649 \u00b0C <b>328 MPa<\/b> \u00b7 760 \u00b0C <b>207 MPa<\/b> \u00b7 871 \u00b0C <b>68 MPa<\/b> \u00b7 982 \u00b0C <b>31 MPa<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\"><b>Sheet \u00b7 1000 h rupture<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">649 \u00b0C <b>231 MPa<\/b> \u00b7 760 \u00b0C <b>145 MPa<\/b> \u00b7 871 \u00b0C <b>48 MPa<\/b> \u00b7 982 \u00b0C <b>18 MPa<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>Bar \u00b7 100 h rupture<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">760 \u00b0C <b>217 MPa<\/b> \u00b7 871 \u00b0C <b>114 MPa<\/b> \u00b7 982 \u00b0C <b>52 MPa<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\"><b>Bar \u00b7 1000 h rupture<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">760 \u00b0C <b>166 MPa<\/b> \u00b7 871 \u00b0C <b>83 MPa<\/b> \u00b7 982 \u00b0C <b>34 MPa<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>Bar BEATS sheet \u2014 because of grain size<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">At 871 \u00b0C for 100 hours: <b>bar 114 MPa, sheet 68 MPa<\/b>, a factor of about <b>1.7<\/b>. Coarse-grained product wins in creep, and thin-section sheet is necessarily finer grained. <b>Using bar data to design in sheet is one of the most dangerous table errors there is.<\/b> Note also that two distributor pages publish rupture strengths <b>with no time base at all<\/b> \u2014 a rupture number without a duration cannot be used<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"border:1px solid #d7dfe4;background:#ffffff;margin:24px 0 18px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\">\n<div style=\"background:#DD3333;color:#ffffff;font-size:13px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.04em;text-transform:uppercase;padding:10px 12px;line-height:1.35;\">Wire and Strip Tempers \u2014 Including the Conflicts<\/div>\n<p><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<table style=\"border-collapse:collapse;width:100%;font-size:15px;line-height:1.5;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>Strip \u00b7 annealed<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">Rm <b>900-1000 N\/mm\u00b2<\/b> \u00b7 Rp0.2 <b>380-700 N\/mm\u00b2<\/b> \u00b7 <b>250-350 HV<\/b> \u00b7 A50 <b>40 %<\/b>. Cold-rolled tempers run up through \u00bc hard <b>1080-1350<\/b>, \u00bd hard <b>1300-1600<\/b>, hard <b>1550-1900<\/b> and extra hard <b>\u22651900 N\/mm\u00b2<\/b>. <b>Note how wide the annealed yield band is<\/b> \u2014 &#8220;annealed&#8221; is not one condition, so if you are deep drawing, write the upper limit into the contract<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"border:1px solid #d7dfe4;background:#ffffff;margin:24px 0 18px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\">\n<div style=\"background:#DD3333;color:#ffffff;font-size:13px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.04em;text-transform:uppercase;padding:10px 12px;line-height:1.35;\">Hardness<\/div>\n<p><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<table style=\"border-collapse:collapse;width:100%;font-size:15px;line-height:1.5;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\">Solution-annealed hardness<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>\u2264277 HB<\/b> (the AMS 5759 bar ceiling) \u00b7 one producer gives <b>20 HRC<\/b> for the annealed condition \u00b7 another gives a typical <b>98 HRB<\/b>. <b>20 HRC \u2248 98 HRB<\/b>, so these do not conflict \u2014 <b>but always state the scale<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<h4 id=\"dm-b6\" style=\"font-size:19px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;margin:30px 0 10px;line-height:1.35;\">Physical Properties<\/h4>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 12px;font-size:15px;line-height:1.75;\"><b>Warning \u2014 the sources diverge badly in this section.<\/b> The manufacturer&#8217;s own brochure values are taken as the baseline below and every outlier is marked. <b>For density, melting range and elastic modulus there are at least three mutually inconsistent numbers each in circulation.<\/b><\/p>\n<div style=\"border:1px solid #d7dfe4;background:#ffffff;margin:24px 0 18px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\">\n<div style=\"background:#DD3333;color:#ffffff;font-size:13px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.04em;text-transform:uppercase;padding:10px 12px;line-height:1.35;\">Physical Properties \u00b7 Haynes 25 \/ L-605<\/div>\n<p><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<table style=\"border-collapse:collapse;width:100%;font-size:15px;line-height:1.5;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>Density \u2014 CONFLICT<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">The manufacturer&#8217;s own brochure gives <b>9.07 g\/cm\u00b3 (0.327 lb\/in\u00b3)<\/b> \u00b7 the most widely published value is <b>9.13 g\/cm\u00b3 (0.330 lb\/in\u00b3)<\/b> \u00b7 one producer gives <b>9.20<\/b> \u00b7 two publishers give <b>9.27 g\/cm\u00b3 (0.335 lb\/in\u00b3)<\/b>. <b>The spread is 2.2 % and it turns into money on a tonnage quotation.<\/b> State which density you used; <b>we recommend the producer&#8217;s own 9.07 or the most common 9.13<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\"><b>Melting range \u2014 THREE DIFFERENT ANSWERS<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">The manufacturer gives <b>1330-1410 \u00b0C (2425-2570 \u00b0F)<\/b> \u00b7 one producer <b>1410-1438 \u00b0C (2570-2620 \u00b0F)<\/b> \u00b7 one distributor <b>1300-1330 \u00b0C<\/b>. <b>The manufacturer&#8217;s 1330-1410 \u00b0C is both the most repeated and the one consistent with the welding and melting literature<\/b>; the other two are most likely solidus\/liquidus confusion<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>Elastic modulus (dynamic)<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">Room temperature <b>225 GPa<\/b> \u00b7 316 \u00b0C <b>204 GPa<\/b> \u00b7 649 \u00b0C <b>181 GPa<\/b> \u00b7 982 \u00b0C <b>154 GPa<\/b>. <b>OUTLIER:<\/b> one producer gives <b>243 GPa (35.3 \u00d7 10\u00b3 ksi)<\/b> at room temperature \u2014 <b>8 % out<\/b>, which turns straight into an error in spring design. The shear modulus is likewise given as <b>87 GPa<\/b> by one source and <b>98 GPa<\/b> by another<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\"><b>Thermal conductivity<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">Room temperature <b>10.5 W\/m\u00b7K<\/b> \u00b7 316 \u00b0C <b>17.7<\/b> \u00b7 649 \u00b0C <b>22.9<\/b> \u00b7 982 \u00b0C <b>27.5 W\/m\u00b7K<\/b>. <b>Outliers:<\/b> two publishers give <b>12.1-12.7 W\/m\u00b7K<\/b> at room temperature, another gives <b>9.4 W\/m\u00b7K<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>Mean thermal expansion<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">21-93 \u00b0C <b>12.8 \u00d7 10\u207b\u2076 \/K<\/b> \u00b7 21-538 \u00b0C <b>14.0<\/b> \u00b7 21-982 \u00b0C <b>16.2 \u00d7 10\u207b\u2076 \/K<\/b>. Other publishers give <b>12.3<\/b> and <b>12.9<\/b> for 20-100 \u00b0C; one producer prints the whole band roughly <b>1 unit higher<\/b>. <b>One publisher&#8217;s 16.3 for 21-816 \u00b0C exceeds the manufacturer&#8217;s own 21-982 \u00b0C value, which is physically inconsistent \u2014 do not use it<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\"><b>The commercially meaningful point<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\"><b>10.5 W\/m\u00b7K<\/b> at room temperature is roughly <b>two thirds<\/b> that of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/en\/aisi-316l\/\">316L<\/a> and about <b>one fifth<\/b> that of carbon steel. In a combustor liner that is <b>good news<\/b> \u2014 the heat goes to the gas, not into the structure. The same number is <b>bad news in machining<\/b>: the heat does not leave with the chip, it stays on the cutting edge. <b>The whole logic of the machining section below follows from this one number<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<h4 id=\"dm-b7\" style=\"font-size:19px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;margin:30px 0 10px;line-height:1.35;\">Heat Treatment and Thermal Stability<\/h4>\n<p><!-- dm-diy-isil --><\/p>\n<div style=\"border:1px solid #e3e9ec;margin:22px 0 26px;background:#fff;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\">\n<div style=\"background:#12303f;color:#fff;padding:9px 14px;font-size:14px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.3px;position:relative;z-index:2;\">HEAT TREATMENT \u2014 SCHEMATIC<\/div>\n<div style=\"position:relative;z-index:2;\">\n<div style=\"padding:10px 12px 2px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\"><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"position:relative;z-index:2;\">\n<div style=\"font-size:13.5px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;margin:6px 0 6px;\">1 \u00b7 SOLUTION ANNEAL \u2014 the usual delivery condition<\/div>\n<table style=\"width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:13.5px;background:transparent;\">\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Step<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">1 \u00b7 SOLUTION ANNEAL \u2014 the usual delivery condition<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Summary<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">This is the only heat-treated condition required by AMS 5537 and AMS 5759. It dissolves the carbides, orders the grain structure and removes the work hardening left by cold work. NO AGEING FOLLOWS this stage.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Temperature<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">1175-1230 \u00b0C (2150-2250 \u00b0F) \u2014 Haynes International, Aircraft Materials, TechSteel and FUSHUN all give the same band.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Time<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">According to section; no numerical time could be found in four independent sources, so none is given.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Cooling<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">RAPID COOLING: rapid air cool or water quench (Haynes International, Aircraft Materials, TechSteel, FUSHUN). Slow cooling causes carbides to precipitate at the grain boundaries and lowers ductility.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Resulting hardness<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">Typically 98 HRB; the specification ceiling is 277-282 HB (FUSHUN, Aircraft Materials).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"padding:10px 12px 2px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\"><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"position:relative;z-index:2;\">\n<div style=\"font-size:13.5px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;margin:6px 0 6px;\">2 \u00b7 HOT WORKING \/ FORGING<\/div>\n<table style=\"width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:13.5px;background:transparent;\">\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Step<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">2 \u00b7 HOT WORKING \/ FORGING<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Summary<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">Not a heat treatment; it is the forming temperature range. Stage 1 is repeated after forming.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Temperature<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">No numerical forging band could be found in four independent sources, so none is given. The upper limit of the solution anneal is 1230 \u00b0C.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Time<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">\u2014<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Cooling<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">\u2014<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Resulting hardness<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">\u2014<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"padding:10px 12px 2px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\"><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"position:relative;z-index:2;\">\n<div style=\"font-size:13.5px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;margin:6px 0 6px;\">3 \u00b7 COLD WORKING \u2014 the only room-temperature strengthening route<\/div>\n<table style=\"width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:13.5px;background:transparent;\">\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Step<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">3 \u00b7 COLD WORKING \u2014 the only room-temperature strengthening route<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Summary<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">THERE IS NO PRECIPITATION HARDENING. Room-temperature strength rises only with cold deformation. Spring wire and bearing parts gain their strength this way. The gain is lost to recrystallisation at elevated temperature; cold-work strength is not relied upon in a hot-service part.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Temperature<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">Room temperature<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Time<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">\u2014<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Cooling<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">\u2014<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Resulting hardness<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">In cold-drawn spring temper the tensile strength is 1300-1800 MPa (Alloy Wire International, FUSHUN).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"padding:10px 12px 2px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\"><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"position:relative;z-index:2;\">\n<div style=\"font-size:13.5px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;margin:6px 0 6px;\">4 \u00b7 STRESS RELIEF (after cold working)<\/div>\n<table style=\"width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:13.5px;background:transparent;\">\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Step<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">4 \u00b7 STRESS RELIEF (after cold working)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Summary<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">Reduces internal stress while keeping the strength gained from cold work. It does not replace the solution anneal, which erases the cold-work strength completely.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Temperature<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">400-450 \u00b0C for 2 hours, air cool \u2014 Alloy Wire International and FUSHUN Special Steel (two independent sources). Because it could not be verified in four sources, this stage is given with its source count stated.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Time<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">2 hours<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Cooling<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">Air cool<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Resulting hardness<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">\u2014<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"padding:10px 12px 2px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\"><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"position:relative;z-index:2;\">\n<div style=\"font-size:13.5px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;margin:6px 0 6px;\">5 \u00b7 REGION TO AVOID \u2014 prolonged exposure at intermediate temperature<\/div>\n<table style=\"width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:13.5px;background:transparent;\">\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Step<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">5 \u00b7 REGION TO AVOID \u2014 prolonged exposure at intermediate temperature<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Summary<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">Not a heat treatment stage but a service warning. After prolonged exposure at intermediate temperatures the ROOM-TEMPERATURE DUCTILITY IS LOST. This behaviour is characteristic of cobalt-base solid-solution alloys and makes repair welding of a serviced part difficult. No numerical temperature band could be found in four independent sources, so none is given.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Temperature<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">No numerical band given (one independent source: Altemp Alloys).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Time<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">\u2014<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Cooling<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">\u2014<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Resulting hardness<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">\u2014<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"padding:10px 12px 2px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\"><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"position:relative;z-index:2;\">\n<div style=\"font-size:13.5px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;margin:6px 0 6px;\">6 \u00b7 SERVICE LIMIT \u2014 980 \u00b0C<\/div>\n<table style=\"width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:13.5px;background:transparent;\">\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Step<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">6 \u00b7 SERVICE LIMIT \u2014 980 \u00b0C<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Summary<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">Not a heat treatment stage but a usage limit. The upper limit for prolonged oxidizing service is 980 \u00b0C (1800 \u00b0F). Haynes International reports about 198 \u00b5m (7.8 mils) of metal loss in a 500-hour cyclic burner rig test at 1800 \u00b0F.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Temperature<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">980 \u00b0C (1800 \u00b0F) \u2014 Haynes International, Altemp Alloys, Alloy Wire International (which gives 900 \u00b0C as the upper working temperature), FUSHUN (oxidation resistance up to 1095 \u00b0C).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Time<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">Continuous service<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Cooling<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">\u2014<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Resulting hardness<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">\u2014<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"padding:6px 14px 12px;font-size:12px;color:#5b7180;line-height:1.7;border-top:1px solid #f0f3f5;position:relative;z-index:2;\">The diagram is schematic; the time axis is NOT to scale. No published TTT\/CCT curve was used, so no curve is drawn. HAYNES 25 IS COBALT-BASED and NOT PRECIPITATION HARDENABLE \u2014 there is no gamma-prime or gamma-double-prime precipitation, there is NO solution treatment plus ageing cycle, and the word &#8216;ageing&#8217; is not used for this alloy. Its strength comes from solid solution (particularly tungsten), from carbides and from cold work. Schematic; the time axis is not to scale. IT IS COBALT-BASED. IT IS NOT PRECIPITATION HARDENABLE \u2014 there is no solution treatment plus ageing cycle. RAPID COOLING is mandatory after the solution anneal; slow cooling causes grain-boundary carbide precipitation. Stage 4 (stress relief) comes from two independent sources; for stage 5 (intermediate-temperature embrittlement) no numerical band could be found in four sources, so none is given.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><!-- \/dm-diy-isil --><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 12px;font-size:15px;line-height:1.75;\"><b>First the most important sentence:<\/b> <b>L-605 cannot be precipitation hardened.<\/b> There is a solution anneal and there is cold work. Everything in between \u2014 &#8220;ageing&#8221;, &#8220;two-step heat treatment&#8221;, &#8220;\u03b3\u2032 precipitation&#8221; \u2014 <b>does not apply to this alloy.<\/b> A heat-treatment procedure written out of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/en\/inconel-718\/\">718<\/a> or <a href=\"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/en\/waspaloy\/\">Waspaloy<\/a> habit does nothing but harm here.<\/p>\n<div style=\"border:1px solid #d7dfe4;background:#ffffff;margin:24px 0 18px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\">\n<div style=\"background:#DD3333;color:#ffffff;font-size:13px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.04em;text-transform:uppercase;padding:10px 12px;line-height:1.35;\">Solution Annealing<\/div>\n<p><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<table style=\"border-collapse:collapse;width:100%;font-size:15px;line-height:1.5;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>Manufacturer \/ AMS route<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>1175-1230 \u00b0C (2150-2250 \u00b0F)<\/b>, for a time commensurate with section thickness, followed by <b>rapid cooling or water quenching<\/b>. One producer specifies <b>at least 15 minutes<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\"><b>Cooling<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\"><b>Water quench or rapid air cool.<\/b> One producer accepts both; the manufacturer brochure says &#8220;rapidly cooled or water-quenched&#8221;. <b>Slow furnace cooling is FORBIDDEN<\/b> \u2014 the entire purpose of the anneal is to dissolve secondary phases and hold them in solution<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>Intermediate (process) anneal<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>1065-1175 \u00b0C (1950-2150 \u00b0F)<\/b> \u2014 below the solution anneal, to restore ductility during complex forming. <b>The manufacturer publishes that elongation is well retained after this intermediate anneal<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\"><b>Wire \/ spring stress relief<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\"><b>400-450 \u00b0C, 2 hours, air cool.<\/b> <b>CAUTION: this is NOT a PWHT.<\/b> It is there to take the coiling stresses out of cold-drawn spring wire. Publishing it as a stress-relief treatment for a welded structure is <b>a common error<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"border:1px solid #d7dfe4;background:#ffffff;margin:24px 0 18px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\">\n<div style=\"background:#DD3333;color:#ffffff;font-size:13px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.04em;text-transform:uppercase;padding:10px 12px;line-height:1.35;\">Thermal Stability \u2014 Manufacturer and Literature DIVERGE<\/div>\n<p><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<table style=\"border-collapse:collapse;width:100%;font-size:15px;line-height:1.5;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>The manufacturer&#8217;s own wording<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">Prolonged exposure at intermediate temperatures causes <b>loss of room-temperature ductility<\/b>, attributed to precipitation of the <b>Co\u2082W Laves phase<\/b>. The manufacturer states plainly that <b>newer alloys are superior<\/b> where thermal stability is critical<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\"><b>The window one mill publishes<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">Risk of Co\u2082W Laves precipitation in the <b>760-925 \u00b0C<\/b> band; <b>reversible by re-solution annealing above 1175 \u00b0C<\/b> \u2014 <b>single source<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>A peer-reviewed ageing study<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">After ageing at <b>600 \u00b0C for 3 months; 800 \u00b0C for 6 and 12 months; 1000 \u00b0C for 3 and 6 months<\/b>: intense <b>lattice distortion<\/b> at 600 \u00b0C; <b>\u03b1-Co\u2083W (L1\u2082-ordered FCC, a = 0.357 nm)<\/b> after 800 \u00b0C; nucleation and growth of <b>W\u2083Co\u2083C (M\u2086C) carbide<\/b> after 800 and 1000 \u00b0C. <b>The same study did NOT observe the Co\u2082W Laves phase or the Co\u2087W\u2086 (\u00b5) phase in ANY condition<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\"><b>How this should be published<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\"><b>Do not hide the conflict.<\/b> The correct sentence is: <b>L-605 precipitates secondary phases at intermediate temperatures and loses room-temperature ductility<\/b> \u2014 that part is <b>not in dispute<\/b>. Which phase is responsible is disputed: the manufacturer says Co\u2082W Laves, the peer-reviewed work finds <b>\u03b1-Co\u2083W and M\u2086C<\/b>. <b>The engineering consequence is identical either way: after long exposure in the 600-1000 \u00b0C band the material is brittle when cold.<\/b> <b>Write the certificate against the behaviour, not against a phase name<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>The welding-side counterpart<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">The manufacturer&#8217;s fabrication guide says to avoid intermediate heat treatments in the <b>540-815 \u00b0C (1000-1500 \u00b0F)<\/b> band because of secondary phase precipitation. <b>That is binding on any post-weld stress relief you might consider.<\/b> The practical conclusion: L-605 belongs in <b>short and medium duration, high-temperature service with a sulphidation or galling risk<\/b>, and <b>was not designed for tens of thousands of hours of continuous service in the 600-1000 \u00b0C band<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"border:1px solid #d7dfe4;background:#ffffff;margin:24px 0 18px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\">\n<div style=\"background:#DD3333;color:#ffffff;font-size:13px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.04em;text-transform:uppercase;padding:10px 12px;line-height:1.35;\">Hot and Cold Working<\/div>\n<p><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<table style=\"border-collapse:collapse;width:100%;font-size:15px;line-height:1.5;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>Hot working range<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>Start 1204 \u00b0C (2200 \u00b0F) \u2192 finish 954 \u00b0C (1750 \u00b0F)<\/b>. The manufacturer requires the part to be held at 1205 \u00b0C <b>until the whole piece is at temperature<\/b>. One producer gives a forging temperature of <b>~1177 \u00b0C (2150 \u00b0F)<\/b> and says forging becomes difficult <b>below 1010 \u00b0C (1850 \u00b0F)<\/b>, with air cooling as normal practice<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\"><b>Cold working<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\"><b>The alloy work hardens very rapidly<\/b> \u2014 the manufacturer&#8217;s own words. One producer caps <b>total reduction at 40 %<\/b> and calls the work-hardening rate <b>&#8220;extremely high&#8221;<\/b>. <b>Budget FREQUENT intermediate anneals<\/b> for complex forming, and take press tonnage up relative to a stainless job. For scale: in the manufacturer&#8217;s Olsen cup test alloy 25 reaches <b>11.3 mm (0.443 in)<\/b>, comparable with other high-temperature alloys \u2014 so L-605 is not hard to form, <b>it is merely fast to harden<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<h4 id=\"dm-b8\" style=\"font-size:19px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;margin:30px 0 10px;line-height:1.35;\">Welding<\/h4>\n<div style=\"border:1px solid #d7dfe4;background:#ffffff;margin:24px 0 18px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\">\n<div style=\"background:#DD3333;color:#ffffff;font-size:13px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.04em;text-transform:uppercase;padding:10px 12px;line-height:1.35;\">Welding \u00b7 Haynes 25 \/ L-605<\/div>\n<p><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<table style=\"border-collapse:collapse;width:100%;font-size:15px;line-height:1.5;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>Recommended processes<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>TIG\/GTAW, MIG\/GMAW, covered electrode\/SMAW, electron beam (EBW) and resistance welding<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\"><b>NOT RECOMMENDED<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\"><b>SUBMERGED ARC (SAW) welding is not recommended.<\/b> The manufacturer&#8217;s own reasoning: the process is characterised by <b>high heat input to the base metal and slow cooling of the weld<\/b> \u2014 precisely the two conditions that invite secondary phase precipitation<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>Matching filler metal<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>Bare wire: AMS 5796<\/b> \u00b7 <b>covered electrodes: AMS 5797<\/b>. The manufacturer recommends <b>matching composition filler<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\"><b>Do NOT use ERCoCr-A \/ RCoCr-A<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\"><b>That is NOT L-605 filler.<\/b> The ERCoCr-A \/ RCoCr-A classification belongs to the <b>Stellite 6 type HARDFACING<\/b> alloy \u2014 far more carbon and chromium, far less tungsten. <b>Caution:<\/b> at least one welding consumable datasheet lists the L-605 chemistry in its table while printing <b>AWS A5.13 RCoCrA<\/b> in its heading; <b>that is a labelling error<\/b>. <b>AWS A5.14 is the wrong address too<\/b> \u2014 A5.14 is the <b>nickel<\/b>-base bare filler specification and R30605 is not in it. <b>The correct answer: L-605 filler has no AWS classification; it is ordered as AMS 5796 \/ AMS 5797<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>Preheat<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>NOT REQUIRED.<\/b> The manufacturer: &#8220;ambient or room temperature is generally considered a sufficient preheat temperature&#8221;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\"><b>Interpass temperature<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\"><b>MUST BE HELD BELOW 93 \u00b0C (200 \u00b0F).<\/b> This is a <b>published, numerical and binding<\/b> limit, stated with a clarity most nickel alloys never get. <b>Water cooling between passes is acceptable<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>Heat input<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>Low to moderate.<\/b> <b>Stringer beads are required; wide weave beads are NOT recommended<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\"><b>PWHT<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\"><b>Generally not required.<\/b> L-605 is a solid-solution alloy and carries no mandatory post-weld treatment of the kind precipitation-hardening alloys need. <b>But if any stress relief is done, the 540-815 \u00b0C band MUST be avoided<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<p style=\"margin:18px 0 6px;font-size:15px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;line-height:1.5;\">What actually goes wrong<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 12px;font-size:15px;line-height:1.75;\"><b>1. COPPER CONTACT \u2014 specific to cobalt alloys and almost never published.<\/b> The manufacturer&#8217;s fabrication guide is explicit: in <b>cobalt alloys copper contamination causes liquid metal embrittlement cracking<\/b>, and <b>surface contact with copper or copper-bearing materials in the weld region must be avoided<\/b>. In practice that means: <b>do NOT use a copper backing bar, do NOT use a copper chill block, and keep copper-tipped clamps away from the weld zone.<\/b> A crew coming from nickel-alloy work does not carry this habit, and the result is cracking at the fusion line.<br \/><b>2. Low-melting contaminants.<\/b> The manufacturer names <b>lead, sulphur and phosphorus<\/b>. Tapping compound, marker pen, cutting oil and handprints must be <b>completely removed<\/b> before welding. The <b>sulpho-chlorinated oil<\/b> that is specifically recommended for machining this alloy is <b>exactly why cleaning before welding is mandatory<\/b>.<br \/><b>3. Interpass temperature drifting.<\/b> 93 \u00b0C is not a comfort figure. In a heavy multi-pass joint the part heats itself and 93 \u00b0C quietly becomes 250 \u00b0C. <b>Measure with a contact thermometer before every pass<\/b>; in cobalt alloys this is enforced more strictly than in nickel alloys. The same logic bans the <b>wide weave bead<\/b>: it puts in more heat and holds the pool longer inside the secondary-phase band, so stringer beads plus a controlled travel speed are a rule here, not a preference.<br \/><b>4. Weld metal mechanical properties \u2014 published, and good.<\/b> The manufacturer&#8217;s own data at room temperature: <b>GTAW transverse Rp0.2 499 MPa \/ Rm 925 MPa \/ elongation 36.5 %<\/b>; <b>SMAW all-weld-metal Rp0.2 611 MPa \/ Rm 972 MPa \/ elongation 31.5 %<\/b>. In other words <b>a properly made weld delivers base-metal strength and keeps its ductility<\/b> \u2014 a genuine strength of this alloy, and one almost no distributor page bothers to print.<\/p>\n<h4 id=\"dm-b9\" style=\"font-size:19px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;margin:30px 0 10px;line-height:1.35;\">Machining<\/h4>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 12px;font-size:15px;line-height:1.75;\"><b>A caveat that must be stated openly:<\/b> <b>no manufacturer-published speed and feed table specific to L-605 could be found in this research.<\/b> What follows are <b>individual figures<\/b> published on product pages and <b>family-level guidance sentences<\/b>. Publish them as <b>&#8220;starting parameters for solution-annealed L-605&#8221;<\/b>, not as a verified producer table.<\/p>\n<div style=\"border:1px solid #d7dfe4;background:#ffffff;margin:24px 0 18px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\">\n<div style=\"background:#DD3333;color:#ffffff;font-size:13px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.04em;text-transform:uppercase;padding:10px 12px;line-height:1.35;\">Starting Parameters and Governing Rules<\/div>\n<p><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<table style=\"border-collapse:collapse;width:100%;font-size:15px;line-height:1.5;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>Turning speed<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">The only published figure is <b>4.6 m\/min (15 sfm)<\/b> (<b>single source<\/b>). <b>That is a very low speed and assumes HSS tooling<\/b>; higher speeds are used with coated carbide, but <b>no published carbide speed table was found<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\"><b>Tool material \u2014 CONFLICT<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">One producer says <b>&#8220;cobalt grades of high-speed steel OR carbide tools with rigid machine setups&#8221;<\/b>. One secondary database says <b>&#8220;carbide is unsuitable for milling, drilling and tapping \u2014 use HSS&#8221;<\/b>. <b>The conflict is real.<\/b> The practical compromise: <b>carbide for turning, cobalt HSS for interrupted cuts and for small diameter drilling and milling<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>Cutting fluid<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>Sulpho-chlorinated petroleum oil based fluids are recommended<\/b> (<b>single source<\/b>, but standard practice in this alloy family). <b>Critical warning: this fluid must be COMPLETELY removed before welding and before heat treatment<\/b> \u2014 residual sulphur causes hot cracking<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\"><b>The governing physics<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">Two numbers explain everything: the work-hardening rate is <b>&#8220;extremely high&#8221;<\/b> and the thermal conductivity is only <b>10.5 W\/m\u00b7K<\/b>. The heat does not leave with the chip, it stays at the tip; and every stalled feed leaves a work-hardened skin behind. <b>The rule: clamp rigidly, feed positively and continuously, never dwell, never rub, and on every pass cut UNDER the hardened layer left by the last one.<\/b> Deep-hole drilling and tapping are the two operations that break the most tools here \u2014 <b>use the best tapping compound available<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<h4 id=\"dm-b10\" style=\"font-size:19px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;margin:30px 0 10px;line-height:1.35;\">Corrosion and Oxidation \u2014 Where It Is Good, and Where It FAILS<\/h4>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 12px;font-size:15px;line-height:1.75;\"><b>Do not skip this section, because the most dangerous misinformation about L-605 lives here.<\/b> The alloy has <b>20 % chromium<\/b> and <b>no molybdenum<\/b> (\u22641 % as a residual). Those two facts determine its entire aqueous corrosion performance.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:18px 0 6px;font-size:15px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;line-height:1.5;\">High-temperature oxidation \u2014 with the real numbers<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 12px;font-size:15px;line-height:1.75;\"><b>The manufacturer&#8217;s own burner-rig data (980 \u00b0C, 1000 hours) reads as follows:<\/b> metal loss for alloy 25 was <b>198 \u00b5m (7.8 mils)<\/b>; in the same test alloy 230 lost <b>71 \u00b5m (2.8 mils)<\/b> and alloy 188 lost <b>28 \u00b5m (1.1 mils)<\/b>. In other words <b>at 980 \u00b0C L-605 loses roughly 2.8 times as much metal as 230 and about seven times as much as 188.<\/b> At <b>1095 \u00b0C for 500 hours<\/b> alloy 25 exceeded <b>635 \u00b5m (25 mils)<\/b> of loss \u2014 by the manufacturer&#8217;s own assessment, <b>inadequate<\/b>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 12px;font-size:15px;line-height:1.75;\"><b>That is why the manufacturer&#8217;s continuous-service ceiling is 980 \u00b0C (1800 \u00b0F).<\/b> Higher short-duration temperatures are possible; continuous service is not. <b>Against this, the figures in circulation are:<\/b> one publisher <b>1090 \u00b0C<\/b>, another <b>1095 \u00b0C<\/b>, and a third which on the same page says <b>&#8220;continuous 1093 \u00b0C, intermittent 871 \u00b0C&#8221;<\/b>. <b>That last one contradicts the manufacturer&#8217;s own data directly and is odd as engineering too<\/b> \u2014 an intermittent ceiling 200 \u00b0C below the continuous one could only be explained by severe scale spallation, which in turn supports the 980 \u00b0C figure. <b>The number to publish is 980 \u00b0C; give the others as a footnote on capability, not as a limit.<\/b><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:18px 0 6px;font-size:15px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;line-height:1.5;\">Sulphidation \u2014 the alloy&#8217;s real advantage<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 12px;font-size:15px;line-height:1.75;\"><b>Here L-605 is ahead of the nickel-base alloys, and that follows directly from the cobalt matrix.<\/b> The manufacturer lists sulphidation resistance among the alloy&#8217;s <b>principal features<\/b>. In environments where sulphur-bearing fuels burn \u2014 heavy fuel oil, some process gases, coal-derived combustion products \u2014 nickel-base alloys degrade quickly through the low-melting nickel-sulphur eutectic. <b>A cobalt matrix is not exposed to that mechanism in the same way.<\/b> <b>The commercial consequence:<\/b> if your customer&#8217;s problem is not oxidation but <b>sulphidation<\/b>, L-605 survives where <a href=\"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/en\/inconel-601\/\">alloy 601<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/en\/incoloy-800h\/\">alloy 800H<\/a> struggle. <b>But if oxidation is dominant in the same environment, alloy 188 answers both mechanisms at once.<\/b><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:18px 0 6px;font-size:15px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;line-height:1.5;\">Aqueous corrosion \u2014 WHERE IT FAILS<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 12px;font-size:15px;line-height:1.75;\"><b>The clearest sentence comes from a producer: L-605 is &#8220;NOT DESIGNED for resistance to corrosive aqueous media&#8221;.<\/b> That the same page states a few lines above that it is <b>&#8220;highly resistant to hydrochloric acid, nitric acid and wet chlorine&#8221;<\/b> shows that the page contradicts itself \u2014 and <b>that contradiction has been copied widely across the industry<\/b>. <b>The correct reading is this:<\/b> L-605 is a <b>high-temperature and wear alloy<\/b>; aqueous corrosion resistance is a secondary property, and <b>no published isocorrosion chart, critical pitting temperature (CPT) or critical crevice temperature (CCT) value could be found in this research<\/b>.<\/p>\n<div style=\"border:1px solid #d7dfe4;background:#ffffff;margin:24px 0 18px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\">\n<div style=\"background:#DD3333;color:#ffffff;font-size:13px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.04em;text-transform:uppercase;padding:10px 12px;line-height:1.35;\">Published Aqueous Corrosion Ratings \u2014 QUALITATIVE, NOT NUMERICAL<\/div>\n<p><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<table style=\"border-collapse:collapse;width:100%;font-size:15px;line-height:1.5;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\">Nitric acid<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>Good<\/b> \u2014 an oxidising environment, where 20 % chromium does the work<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\"><b>Sulphuric acid<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\"><b>MODERATE.<\/b> It is a reducing acid and <b>with no molybdenum<\/b> there is not much the alloy can do. <b>Do not offer L-605 for sulphuric acid service<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\">Salt spray (NaCl)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>Excellent<\/b> \u00b7 humidity and atmospheric exposure <b>excellent<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\"><b>Seawater<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\"><b>MODERATE.<\/b> In stagnant seawater there is a <b>crevice corrosion risk<\/b> and no molybdenum to suppress it. <b>For seawater service use a molybdenum-bearing alloy such as <\/b><a href=\"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/en\/aisi-f55\/\">F55\/Zeron 100<\/a><b> or <\/b><a href=\"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/en\/hastelloy-c-276\/\">C-276<\/a>. These ratings come from <b>a single producer&#8217;s product page<\/b> and are <b>qualitative<\/b>; <b>do not convert them into mm\/year and do not attach them to a quotation as an isocorrosion curve<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 12px;font-size:15px;line-height:1.75;\"><b>The honest comparison is this.<\/b> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/en\/hastelloy-c-276\/\">C-276<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/en\/hastelloy-c-22\/\">C-22<\/a> carry <b>13-16 % molybdenum<\/b>, and their pitting and crevice resistance comes from that molybdenum; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/en\/hastelloy-b-3\/\">B-3<\/a> with <b>28 % molybdenum<\/b> is the specialist in reducing acids. <b>L-605 has none of this.<\/b> What cobalt offers is sulphidation resistance when hot and non-galling behaviour in metal-to-metal contact; in aqueous corrosion it offers <b>no more than a 20 % chromium alloy should be expected to<\/b>. <b>If a process engineer has specified L-605 as a corrosion alloy, they probably meant MP35N or a Co-Cr-Mo implant grade \u2014 and that question is asked before delivery, not after.<\/b><\/p>\n<h4 id=\"dm-b11\" style=\"font-size:19px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;margin:30px 0 10px;line-height:1.35;\">Frequently Asked Questions<\/h4>\n<p style=\"margin:18px 0 6px;font-size:15px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;line-height:1.5;\">The customer specification says L-605, ASME Section VIII Div. 1, 600 \u00b0C design temperature. Can we supply?<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 12px;font-size:15px;line-height:1.75;\"><b>Not as a pressure-retaining material \u2014 and the reason is scope, not temperature.<\/b> Separating those two matters, because the entire conversation with the customer depends on which one you have hit.<br \/><b>Metallurgically<\/b> L-605 is not in difficulty at 600 \u00b0C: the manufacturer publishes a typical tensile strength of <b>823 MPa at 649 \u00b0C<\/b> and a <b>1000-hour rupture strength of 231 MPa at 649 \u00b0C<\/b>. The material works perfectly well at that temperature.<br \/><b>The problem is that R30605 is not an ASME code material.<\/b> In this research no allowable-stress entry in Section II Part D, no SB specification number and no valid code case could be found. <b>With no allowable stress there is no design<\/b> \u2014 not at 600 \u00b0C, and <b>not at any temperature<\/b>. The same applies to Section VIII Div. 2, Section I, B31.1 and B31.3. <b>No ASME Section IX P number has been assigned either<\/b>, so even procedure qualification has to run through the unlisted-material route.<br \/><b>There are three realistic answers.<\/b> One: if the part is not a pressure boundary \u2014 an inner liner, a heat shield, a flame holder, a bearing housing \u2014 <b>L-605 can be used and does not conflict with the code<\/b>; it simply does not enter the pressure calculation. Two: if it is a pressure boundary, move to a code-listed alloy \u2014 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/en\/inconel-625\/\">alloy 625<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/en\/hastelloy-x\/\">alloy X<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/en\/incoloy-800h\/\">alloy 800H<\/a>. Three: if the application is aerospace, the route is <b>MMPDS 6.4.1<\/b> design allowables and <b>AMS 5537 \/ AMS 5759<\/b> acceptance instead of ASME \u2014 and there L-605 is a fully equipped material. <b>What you must not do is quote &#8220;maximum operating temperature 980 \u00b0C&#8221; off a distributor page and let it turn into a code design temperature. That is a capability figure and no code accepts it.<\/b><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:18px 0 6px;font-size:15px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;line-height:1.5;\">The customer wants &#8220;L-605 seamless pipe to an ASTM standard&#8221;. What do we offer?<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 12px;font-size:15px;line-height:1.75;\"><b>The honest answer is that no such standard exists \u2014 and saying so up front is what saves you.<\/b> Published product specifications exist for R30605 in four forms only: <b>plate\/sheet\/strip\/foil (AMS 5537)<\/b>, <b>bar\/forging stock\/forgings\/rings (AMS 5759)<\/b>, <b>welding wire and electrodes (AMS 5796 \/ 5797)<\/b>, and <b>implant product (ASTM F90, ASTM F1091 for surgical fixation wire, ISO 5832-5 internationally)<\/b>. <b>For pipe, tube, fittings, flanges, bolting and castings there is no product specification covering R30605.<\/b><br \/><b>This is where the trap starts.<\/b> Distributor pages routinely cite <b>ASTM B626<\/b> for L-605 tube, <b>ASTM B637<\/b> for rings and <b>ASTM B564 \/ B446<\/b> for forged blocks. <b>These are all NICKEL alloy specifications and none of them covers cobalt R30605.<\/b> B626 is in any case a <b>welded<\/b> tube specification, not a seamless one. You will also see pages that write <b>&#8220;AMS 5759 \u2014 bar, forging, ring and tube&#8221;<\/b>; <b>there is no tube in the title of AMS 5759.<\/b><br \/><b>So what do you do?<\/b> Keep selling the product, but <b>write three lines onto the order confirmation<\/b>: (1) <b>chemistry is certified to AMS 5759<\/b>; (2) <b>mechanical acceptance<\/b> is stated explicitly \u2014 in most cases the customer will accept the AMS 5759 bar minima (<b>\u2265862 MPa tensile, \u2265310 MPa yield, \u226530 % elongation<\/b>); (3) <b>dimensional and surface tolerances<\/b> are to the producer standard or the customer drawing. <b>A supplier who writes those three lines does not have an acceptance argument six months later.<\/b> This is exactly how the medical stent tube world already works: the tube is made under <b>ASTM F90 chemistry plus the producer&#8217;s procedure<\/b>, not under a tube product specification.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:18px 0 6px;font-size:15px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;line-height:1.5;\">Our combustor liner is L-605. After 10,000 hours at 870 \u00b0C it cracked during strip-down. Was the material faulty?<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 12px;font-size:15px;line-height:1.75;\"><b>Most likely not \u2014 most likely the material behaved exactly as expected and the specification was the wrong choice.<\/b> This is L-605&#8217;s best-documented limit and the manufacturer&#8217;s own brochure says so.<br \/><b>What happens is this:<\/b> held for long periods at intermediate temperatures, L-605 <b>precipitates secondary phases and loses room-temperature ductility<\/b>. The part is <b>sound at service temperature<\/b>; it is brittle once it cools. The crack therefore often appears not during service but <b>during cooling, or during strip-down and handling<\/b> \u2014 exactly as you describe.<br \/><b>Which phase is responsible is where the sources diverge, and we are not hiding it.<\/b> The manufacturer&#8217;s brochure points to the <b>Co\u2082W Laves phase<\/b>. One mill gives the window as <b>760-925 \u00b0C<\/b>. Against that, a peer-reviewed ageing study \u2014 3 months at 600 \u00b0C, 6 and 12 months at 800 \u00b0C, 3 and 6 months at 1000 \u00b0C \u2014 <b>never observed the Co\u2082W Laves phase at all<\/b>; it found <b>\u03b1-Co\u2083W (L1\u2082-ordered)<\/b> at 800 \u00b0C and <b>W\u2083Co\u2083C (M\u2086C) carbide<\/b> at 800 and 1000 \u00b0C. <b>The engineering consequence is the same under either reading<\/b>, so do not let the phase argument distract you.<br \/><b>A second mechanism may also be in play:<\/b> 870 \u00b0C is below the manufacturer&#8217;s 980 \u00b0C oxidation ceiling, so oxidation alone does not explain it \u2014 <b>but if you burn a sulphur-bearing fuel and the fuel changed<\/b>, the picture changes with it.<br \/><b>What to do?<\/b> If the part really will spend tens of thousands of hours in the 600-1000 \u00b0C band, <b>L-605 is not the right alloy for that duty<\/b> \u2014 the manufacturer states in its own brochure that newer alloys are superior where thermal stability is critical. If sulphidation is also dominant, look at <b>alloy 188<\/b>; if the problem is purely oxidation and stability, look at <b>230 or <\/b><a href=\"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/en\/hastelloy-x\/\">alloy X<\/a>. <b>Choose L-605<\/b> when short to medium duration service, high short-term strength, galling resistance or cold formability is what you genuinely need.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:18px 0 6px;font-size:15px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;line-height:1.5;\">Our quotation is far above the one we gave six months ago. What happened to cobalt?<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 12px;font-size:15px;line-height:1.75;\"><b>The problem is not the alloy, it is the cobalt raw material, and it is a supply-and-policy story.<\/b> L-605 is <b>about 51 % cobalt by weight<\/b> \u2014 so its cost is very nearly the cobalt price. Add <b>15 % tungsten<\/b>, which is not a cheap element either. <b>The price of this alloy is built on those two elements and it does not follow the same wave as the nickel alloys.<\/b><br \/><b>Here is what happened.<\/b> Roughly <b>three quarters of world cobalt production<\/b> comes from the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The DRC imposed a <b>blanket export ban on 21 February 2025<\/b>, and then moved in <b>October 2025 to a quota system<\/b> capping quarterly exports per producer. The result shows in the price table: cobalt went from <b>US$24,424 per tonne in January 2025<\/b> to <b>US$41,880 in October 2025<\/b> \u2014 about a <b>71 % increase<\/b>. On the standard-grade cobalt hydroxide side a rise of roughly <b>167 % between January 2025 and June 2026<\/b> has been reported. Indonesian capacity has not been able to close the gap, and the DRC quotas are expected to persist through 2026. <b>Practical consequence: do not give long quotation validity, explain the difference between old stock cost and a new heat, and discuss the nickel-base alternative early.<\/b><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:18px 0 6px;font-size:15px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;line-height:1.5;\">Common datasheet errors \u2014 check these before you place an order<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 12px;font-size:15px;line-height:1.75;\"><b>1. &#8220;ERCoCr-A&#8221; or &#8220;RCoCr-A&#8221; quoted as L-605 filler \u2014 WRONG.<\/b> That classification belongs to the <b>Stellite 6 type HARDFACING<\/b> alloy. <b>AWS A5.14 is the wrong address too<\/b>; A5.14 is the <b>nickel<\/b>-base bare filler specification. <b>L-605 filler has no AWS classification; it is ordered as AMS 5796 (bare wire) and AMS 5797 (covered electrodes).<\/b> At least one consumable datasheet lists the L-605 chemistry in its table while printing A5.13 RCoCrA in its heading.<br \/><b>2. ASTM B-series numbers cited for R30605 \u2014 WRONG.<\/b> Distributor pages show <b>ASTM B626<\/b> for seamless tube, <b>ASTM B637<\/b> for rings and <b>ASTM B564 \/ B446<\/b> for forgings. <b>All of these are nickel alloy specifications.<\/b> B626 is a <b>welded<\/b> tube specification in any case.<br \/><b>3. &#8220;AMS 5759 \u2014 bar, forging, ring and tube&#8221; \u2014 WRONG.<\/b> The title of the specification is <b>bars, forging stock, forgings and rings<\/b>. <b>There is no tube.<\/b><br \/><b>4. &#8220;Mo 1.20-1.40 %&#8221; appearing in the chemistry \u2014 WRONG.<\/b> There is <b>no molybdenum<\/b> in the specification chemistry tables; the producer&#8217;s nominal table carries only a <b>Mo \u22641 % residual ceiling<\/b>. One distributor turned this into both a <b>range<\/b> and a figure <b>above<\/b> that ceiling.<br \/><b>6. Density circulating as four different values:<\/b> <b>9.07<\/b> (the manufacturer&#8217;s own brochure) \u00b7 <b>9.13<\/b> (most common) \u00b7 <b>9.20<\/b> \u00b7 <b>9.27 g\/cm\u00b3<\/b>. <b>The 2.2 % spread lands on the tonnage price.<\/b> Melting range likewise circulates as <b>1330-1410 \u00b0C<\/b> (manufacturer), <b>1410-1438 \u00b0C<\/b> and <b>1300-1330 \u00b0C<\/b> \u2014 most likely solidus\/liquidus confusion.<br \/><b>7. Oxidation ceiling: 980 or 1095 \u00b0C?<\/b> The manufacturer&#8217;s continuous service ceiling is <b>980 \u00b0C<\/b> and it is backed by its own burner-rig data (<b>over 635 \u00b5m loss in 500 hours at 1095 \u00b0C<\/b>). The <b>1090 \/ 1093 \/ 1095 \u00b0C<\/b> figures in circulation are capability limits. <b>One page writes &#8220;continuous 1093 \u00b0C, intermittent 871 \u00b0C&#8221;, contradicting both the manufacturer and itself.<\/b><br \/><b>8. Rupture strength given with NO TIME BASE.<\/b> &#8220;269 MPa at 649 \u00b0C&#8221; is <b>unusable<\/b>: is that 100 hours or 1000? In the manufacturer&#8217;s table 649 \u00b0C gives <b>328 MPa at 100 h<\/b> and <b>231 MPa at 1000 h<\/b>. <b>Never put a rupture value with no duration into a design.<\/b><br \/>strength comes from <b>cold work only<\/b>. An ageing procedure written out of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/en\/inconel-718\/\">718<\/a> habit does nothing here.<br \/><b>12. An ASME P number or a maximum code temperature quoted \u2014 WRONG.<\/b> For R30605 no Section II Part D entry, no SB number, no P-No. and no valid code case could be <b>found<\/b> in this research. <b>Do not publish a code temperature.<\/b><br \/><b>13. Alloy mix-ups.<\/b> <b>Haynes 188 (R30188)<\/b> contains lanthanum and is roughly seven times better in oxidation \u2014 <b>it is not L-605<\/b>. <b>Stellite 6B<\/b> is a wear alloy, not a structural one. <b>MP35N (R30035 \/ ASTM F562)<\/b> is Co-35Ni-20Cr-10Mo with no tungsten. <b>Stellite 25, however, really is L-605<\/b> \u2014 that is the one legitimate synonym.<br \/><b>14. W.Nr. and BS number conflicts.<\/b> <b>2.4964<\/b> is the established number; one source also writes <b>2.4967<\/b>. For the British standard one source says <b>BS HR 40<\/b> and another <b>BS HR 5<\/b>. <b>Both are single-source; do not publish without verifying against the standard itself.<\/b><br \/><b>15. &#8220;Highly resistant to HCl&#8221; and &#8220;not designed for corrosive aqueous media&#8221; printed on the SAME PAGE.<\/b> The second is correct. <b>No published isocorrosion chart, CPT or CCT value could be found<\/b> for L-605, and the alloy has <b>no molybdenum<\/b>. Do the aqueous corrosion work with <a href=\"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/en\/hastelloy-c-276\/\">C-276<\/a> or <a href=\"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/en\/hastelloy-c-22\/\">C-22<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/dm-zengin --><\/p>\n<p><!-- dm-ld --><script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"name\":\"Haynes 25\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/en\/haynes-25\/\",\"inLanguage\":\"en\",\"description\":\"Haynes 25 (UNS R30605 \/ W.Nr. 2.4964 \/ DIN-EN designation CoCr20W15Ni) is a wrought, single-phase face-centred-cubic (\u03b3) cobalt-chromium-tungsten-nickel solid-solution alloy: nominally 51 Co - 20 Cr - 15 W - 10 Ni.\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"name\":\"Defence Metal\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/\"},\"publisher\":{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"name\":\"Defence Metal\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/\"},\"mainEntity\":{\"@type\":\"DefinedTerm\",\"name\":\"Haynes 25\",\"description\":\"Haynes 25 (UNS R30605 \/ W.Nr. 2.4964 \/ DIN-EN designation CoCr20W15Ni) is a wrought, single-phase face-centred-cubic (\u03b3) cobalt-chromium-tungsten-nickel solid-solution alloy: nominally 51 Co - 20 Cr - 15 W - 10 Ni.\",\"inDefinedTermSet\":{\"@type\":\"DefinedTermSet\",\"name\":\"Defence Metal - metals and alloys\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/\"},\"alternateName\":[\"UNS R30605\",\"W.Nr. 2.4964\",\"CoCr20W15Ni\"],\"identifier\":[{\"@type\":\"PropertyValue\",\"propertyID\":\"UNS\",\"value\":\"R30605\"},{\"@type\":\"PropertyValue\",\"propertyID\":\"Werkstoffnummer\",\"value\":\"2.4964\"}],\"additionalProperty\":[{\"@type\":\"PropertyValue\",\"name\":\"DIN \/ EN designation\",\"value\":\"CoCr20W15Ni\"}]}}<\/script><!-- \/dm-ld --><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Haynes 25 \/ (L-605) \/ UNS R30605 \/ AMS 5537 \/ AMS 5759 DEFENCE METAL Haynes 25 (L-605) UNS R30605 \u00b7 W.Nr. 2.4964 \u00b7 L-605 \/ Alloy 25 \/ GH605 \u00b7 IT IS COBALT-BASED, NOT NICKEL-BASED: Co balance (~51-52%) \u2013 Cr 19.0-21.0% \u2013 W 14.0-16.0% \u2013 Ni 9.0-11.0% \u2013 Mn 1.0-2.0% \u2013 C 0.05-0.15% \u2013 &hellip; <\/p>\n<p class=\"link-more\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/en\/haynes-25\/\" class=\"more-link\"><span class=\"screen-reader-text\"> &#8220;Haynes 25 \/ (L-605) \/ AMS 5537 \/ AMS 5759&#8221;<\/span>devam\u0131n\u0131 oku<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":3526,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_title":"HAYNES 25 \/ UNS R30605 \/ AMS 5537 \/ AMS 5759 | Defence Metal","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Haynes 25 \/ L-605 (UNS R30605) \u2014 AMS 5537 \/ AMS 5759. Cobalt-based superalloy for high temperature turbine and combustion components.","inspiro_hide_title":false,"inspiro_hide_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"dm_sektor":[10,13,9,16,15],"class_list":["post-3539","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>HAYNES 25 \/ UNS R30605 \/ AMS 5537 \/ AMS 5759 | Defence Metal<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Haynes 25 \/ L-605 (UNS R30605) \u2014 AMS 5537 \/ AMS 5759. 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