{"id":3535,"date":"2026-09-16T10:57:32","date_gmt":"2026-09-16T07:57:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/en\/nitronic-50\/"},"modified":"2026-09-25T16:25:03","modified_gmt":"2026-09-25T13:25:03","slug":"nitronic-50","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/en\/nitronic-50\/","title":{"rendered":"Nitronic 50 \/ (1.3964) \/ AMS 5764"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><!-- dm-hap --><\/p>\n<h1 class=\"dm-ust-baslik\" style=\"font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,'Segoe UI',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif !important;text-transform:none !important;font-size:27px;line-height:1.3;font-weight:800;color:#12303f;margin:0 0 10px;letter-spacing:-.01em;\">Nitronic 50 \/ (1.3964) \/ UNS S20910 \/ AMS 5764<\/h1>\n<div style=\"border:1px solid #d7dfe4;background:#ffffff;margin:0 0 22px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\"><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"background:#12303f;padding:14px 16px 12px;position:relative;z-index:2;\">\n<div style=\"font-size:22px;font-weight:700;color:#fff;line-height:1.25;\">Nitronic 50<\/div>\n<div style=\"font-family:ui-monospace,Menlo,Consolas,monospace;font-size:12.5px;color:#b9cfdb;line-height:1.5;margin-top:5px;word-wrap:break-word;\">UNS S20910 \u00b7 ASTM XM-19 \u00b7 W.Nr. 1.3964 (SEW 390) \u00b7 trade names: Nitronic 50, Alloy 50, Fermonic 50, 22-13-5 \u00b7 ASTM composition: 20.5-23.5% Cr \u2013 11.5-13.5% Ni \u2013 4.0-6.0% Mn \u2013 1.50-3.00% Mo \u2013 0.20-0.40% N \u2013 0.10-0.30% Nb \u2013 0.10-0.30% V \u2013 C \u2264 0.06% \u2013 balance Fe. It is a NITROGEN-STRENGTHENED austenitic stainless steel: produced by SOLUTION ANNEALING + RAPID COOLING, NOT PRECIPITATION HARDENABLE and not aged; additional strength comes from COLD OR WARM WORK.<\/div>\n<div data-dmkars-blok=\"1\" style=\"border-top:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.16);margin-top:13px;padding-top:11px;\">\n<div style=\"font-size:10px;letter-spacing:.09em;text-transform:uppercase;color:#7f9fb0;font-weight:700;margin-bottom:8px;\">Not to be confused with<\/div>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/2026\/09\/16\/nitronic-50-aisi-316l-difference\/\" data-dmkars=\"1\" style=\"display:inline-block;padding:4px 11px;border:1px solid rgba(36,190,229,.45);background:rgba(36,190,229,.12);border-radius:99px;margin:0 6px 6px 0;font-size:12.5px;font-weight:600;color:#9fe2f7;text-decoration:none;\">AISI 316L<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"position:relative;z-index:2;\">\n<div style=\"display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">\n<div style=\"flex:0 0 118px;padding:11px 14px;background:#F7FAFB;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:.09em;text-transform:uppercase;color:#6b8091;font-weight:600;line-height:1.5;\">For what<\/div>\n<div style=\"flex:1 1 230px;min-width:0;padding:11px 14px;font-size:14.5px;line-height:1.7;color:#3d5260;word-wrap:break-word;overflow-wrap:break-word;\">Bought for parts where the strength of 304 and 316 is not enough and corrosion resistance in chloride or seawater service is wanted at the same time: pump and boat shafts, valve stems, fasteners, subsea and offshore hardware, drilling equipment.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">\n<div style=\"flex:0 0 118px;padding:11px 14px;background:#F7FAFB;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:.09em;text-transform:uppercase;color:#6b8091;font-weight:600;line-height:1.5;\">Forms<\/div>\n<div style=\"flex:1 1 230px;min-width:0;padding:11px 14px;font-size:14.5px;line-height:1.7;color:#3d5260;word-wrap:break-word;overflow-wrap:break-word;\">Round bar \u00b7 flat bar \u00b7 plate \u00b7 sheet \u00b7 pipe and tube \u00b7 forging. All forms supplied to order.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">\n<div style=\"flex:0 0 118px;padding:11px 14px;background:#F7FAFB;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:.09em;text-transform:uppercase;color:#6b8091;font-weight:600;line-height:1.5;\">Standards<\/div>\n<div style=\"flex:1 1 230px;min-width:0;padding:11px 14px;font-size:14.5px;line-height:1.7;color:#3d5260;word-wrap:break-word;overflow-wrap:break-word;\"><b style=\"font-size:16.5px;font-weight:800;color:#12303f;\">AMS 5764<\/b> (bars, forgings and rings). ASTM: A276 (XM-19, bar and shapes) \u00b7 A479 \/ SA-479 (bar and shapes for boilers and pressure vessels, S20910) \u00b7 A182 \/ SA-182 (forged flanges, fittings and valve parts, F XM-19) \u00b7 A312 \/ SA-312 (seamless and welded pipe, TP XM-19) \u00b7 A314 (billets and bars for forging) \u00b7 A193 Gr B8R and B8RA (bolts and studs) \u00b7 A194 Gr 8R and 8RA (nuts). WELDING CONSUMABLES: AWS A5.9 ER209 (wire), AWS A5.4 E209 (covered electrode). Sour service: NACE MR0175 \/ ISO 15156-3. EN\/SEW: 1.3964 (SEW 390).<br \/><span style=\"font-size:12.5px;color:#7b8f9b;line-height:1.6;display:inline-block;margin-top:6px;\">1) W.Nr. 1.3964 IS AN APPROXIMATE EQUIVALENT, NOT THE SAME MATERIAL. Metalcor&#8217;s 1.3964 datasheet gives 15.0-17.0% nickel and 3.00-3.50% molybdenum; ASTM XM-19 (S20910) calls for 11.5-13.5% nickel and 1.50-3.00% molybdenum.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">\n<div style=\"flex:0 0 118px;padding:11px 14px;background:#F7FAFB;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:.09em;text-transform:uppercase;color:#6b8091;font-weight:600;line-height:1.5;\">Advantage<\/div>\n<div style=\"flex:1 1 230px;min-width:0;padding:11px 14px;font-size:14.5px;line-height:1.7;color:#3d5260;word-wrap:break-word;overflow-wrap:break-word;\">Roughly twice the yield strength of 304 and 316 in the same table. The ASTM A479 annealed bar minimums give 690 MPa tensile and 380 MPa yield for S20910, while THE SAME TABLE gives 515 MPa tensile and 205 MPa yield for 304 and 316; on yield the ratio is 1.85.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">\n<div style=\"flex:0 0 118px;padding:11px 14px;background:#F7FAFB;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:.09em;text-transform:uppercase;color:#6b8091;font-weight:600;line-height:1.5;\">Welding<\/div>\n<div style=\"flex:1 1 230px;min-width:0;padding:11px 14px;font-size:14.5px;line-height:1.7;color:#3d5260;word-wrap:break-word;overflow-wrap:break-word;\">It is weldable. CONSUMABLES: AWS A5.9 ER209 wire and AWS A5.4 E209 covered electrode \u2014 these are the matching nitrogen-bearing austenitic consumables for XM-19; an XM-19 joint welded with 308\/316 consumables will have weld strength below that of the parent metal.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">\n<div style=\"flex:0 0 118px;padding:11px 14px;background:#fdeceb;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:.09em;text-transform:uppercase;color:#c0392b;font-weight:600;line-height:1.5;\">Limits<\/div>\n<div style=\"flex:1 1 230px;min-width:0;padding:11px 14px;font-size:14.5px;line-height:1.7;color:#3d5260;word-wrap:break-word;overflow-wrap:break-word;background:#fdeceb;\">1) THE HS AND SHS CONDITIONS ARE NOT PRECIPITATION HARDENING. Langley Alloys states it plainly: &#8216;annealed bars are solution treated and water quenched, and high-strength bars are COLD OR WARM WORKED to reach their strength&#8217;.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"padding:14px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/en\/contact\/\" style=\"display:inline-block;padding:11px 20px;font-size:14px;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;margin:0 8px 6px 0;background:#dd3333;color:#ffffff;\">REQUEST A QUOTE<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/en\/stainless-steel\/\" style=\"display:inline-block;padding:11px 20px;font-size:14px;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;margin:0 8px 6px 0;font-weight:600;border:1px solid #12303f;color:#12303f;\">All stainless steels &rarr;<\/a><span data-dm=\"dm-teknik\" style=\"cursor:pointer;display:inline-block;padding:11px 20px;font-size:14px;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;margin:0 8px 6px 0;border:1px solid #dd3333;color:#dd3333;\">TECHNICAL DETAILS &darr;<\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"padding:9px 14px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-size:11.5px;color:#8a9aa4;line-height:1.5;\">Compiled from manufacturer data sheets \u00b7 confirm against the current specification before ordering<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><!-- \/dm-hap --><!-- dm-nav --><\/p>\n<style>h4[id^=\"dm-b\"]{scroll-margin-top:120px}#dm-teknik{scroll-margin-top:120px}<\/style>\n<div style=\"border:1px solid #d7dfe4;background:#ffffff;margin:0 0 22px;padding:12px 14px;\">\n<div style=\"font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:.09em;text-transform:uppercase;color:#6b8091;font-weight:600;margin-bottom:9px;\">On this page &middot; click to jump<\/div>\n<div><span data-dm=\"dm-b0\" style=\"cursor:pointer;display:inline-block;padding:5px 11px;border:1px solid #dfe6ea;background:#F7FAFB;margin:0 6px 7px 0;font-size:13px;color:#12303f;\">What Nitronic 50 Is<\/span><span data-dm=\"dm-b1\" style=\"cursor:pointer;display:inline-block;padding:5px 11px;border:1px solid #dfe6ea;background:#F7FAFB;margin:0 6px 7px 0;font-size:13px;color:#12303f;\">Standards by Product Form<\/span><span data-dm=\"dm-b2\" style=\"cursor:pointer;display:inline-block;padding:5px 11px;border:1px solid #dfe6ea;background:#F7FAFB;margin:0 6px 7px 0;font-size:13px;color:#12303f;\">ASME Code Acceptance and Maximum Code Temperatures<\/span><span data-dm=\"dm-b3\" style=\"cursor:pointer;display:inline-block;padding:5px 11px;border:1px solid #dfe6ea;background:#F7FAFB;margin:0 6px 7px 0;font-size:13px;color:#12303f;\">Product Forms With NO Standard<\/span><span data-dm=\"dm-b4\" style=\"cursor:pointer;display:inline-block;padding:5px 11px;border:1px solid #dfe6ea;background:#F7FAFB;margin:0 6px 7px 0;font-size:13px;color:#12303f;\">Chemical Composition<\/span><span data-dm=\"dm-b5\" style=\"cursor:pointer;display:inline-block;padding:5px 11px;border:1px solid #dfe6ea;background:#F7FAFB;margin:0 6px 7px 0;font-size:13px;color:#12303f;\">Mechanical Properties<\/span><span data-dm=\"dm-b6\" style=\"cursor:pointer;display:inline-block;padding:5px 11px;border:1px solid #dfe6ea;background:#F7FAFB;margin:0 6px 7px 0;font-size:13px;color:#12303f;\">Physical Properties<\/span><span data-dm=\"dm-b7\" style=\"cursor:pointer;display:inline-block;padding:5px 11px;border:1px solid #dfe6ea;background:#F7FAFB;margin:0 6px 7px 0;font-size:13px;color:#12303f;\">Heat Treatment and Thermal Stability<\/span><span data-dm=\"dm-b8\" style=\"cursor:pointer;display:inline-block;padding:5px 11px;border:1px solid #dfe6ea;background:#F7FAFB;margin:0 6px 7px 0;font-size:13px;color:#12303f;\">Welding<\/span><span data-dm=\"dm-b9\" style=\"cursor:pointer;display:inline-block;padding:5px 11px;border:1px solid #dfe6ea;background:#F7FAFB;margin:0 6px 7px 0;font-size:13px;color:#12303f;\">Machining<\/span><span data-dm=\"dm-b10\" style=\"cursor:pointer;display:inline-block;padding:5px 11px;border:1px solid #dfe6ea;background:#F7FAFB;margin:0 6px 7px 0;font-size:13px;color:#12303f;\">Corrosion<\/span><span data-dm=\"dm-b11\" style=\"cursor:pointer;display:inline-block;padding:5px 11px;border:1px solid #dfe6ea;background:#F7FAFB;margin:0 6px 7px 0;font-size:13px;color:#12303f;\">Frequently Asked Questions<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><script>(function(){function go(id){var e=document.getElementById(id);if(e){var s=document.scrollingElement||document.documentElement;var y=e.getBoundingClientRect().top+s.scrollTop-118;if(y-0-0-0-0!==y){y=0;}window.scrollTo(0,y);}}function bind(el){el.addEventListener(\"click\",function(ev){ev.preventDefault();go(el.getAttribute(\"data-dm\"));});}function init(){var l=document.querySelectorAll(\"[data-dm]\");Array.prototype.forEach.call(l,bind);if(location.hash){if(location.hash.indexOf(\"#dm-\")===0){try{history.replaceState(null,\"\",location.pathname+location.search);}catch(e){}window.scrollTo(0,0);setTimeout(function(){window.scrollTo(0,0);},80);}}}if(document.readyState===\"loading\"){document.addEventListener(\"DOMContentLoaded\",init);}else{init();}})();<\/script><!-- \/dm-nav --><br \/>\n<span id=\"dm-teknik\" style=\"display:block;height:0;overflow:hidden;\"><\/span><br \/>\nNitronic 50 is an austenitic stainless steel that combines high strength with excellent corrosion resistance and good ductility. It is one of the highest strength members of the austenitic steel group; its UNS designation is S20910 and it is also widely known as XM-19.<\/p>\n<p>What separates the alloy from the standard 300 series is its high manganese and nitrogen content. Nitrogen dissolves interstitially in solid solution and raises the yield strength by up to 50%, while at the same time improving resistance to pitting corrosion. As a result Nitronic 50 roughly doubles the yield strength of 304L and 316L.<\/p>\n<p>It is non-magnetic, and that property is decisive wherever high strength non-magnetic fasteners are required. It can be supplied in two conditions: solution annealed, and cold worked (high strength). Machinability is somewhat more demanding than that of 316L.<\/p>\n<p>It is used in marine and offshore service for pumps, valves, shafts, propeller shafts and chains; in chemical processing for tanks and reactors in acid and chloride-bearing environments; in power generation and nuclear work for piping systems and heat exchanger components; and in aerospace for high strength non-magnetic fasteners.<\/p>\n<div style=\"border:1px solid #d7dfe4;background:#ffffff;margin:24px 0 18px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\">\n<div style=\"background:#DD3333;color:#ffffff;font-size:13px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.04em;text-transform:uppercase;padding:10px 12px;line-height:1.35;\">Chemical Composition \u00b7 Nitronic 50 (S20910)<\/div>\n<p><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<table style=\"border-collapse:collapse;width:100%;font-size:15px;line-height:1.5;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\">Cr \u2014 Chromium<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">20.5 \u2013 23.5%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\">Ni \u2014 Nickel<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">11.5 \u2013 13.5%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\">Mn \u2014 Manganese<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">4.0 \u2013 6.0%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\">Mo \u2014 Molybdenum<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">1.5 \u2013 3.0%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\">N \u2014 Nitrogen<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">0.20 \u2013 0.40%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\">C \u2014 Carbon<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">0.06% max<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\">Si \u2014 Silicon<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">1.0% max<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\">Fe \u2014 Iron<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">Balance<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"border:1px solid #d7dfe4;background:#ffffff;margin:24px 0 18px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\">\n<div style=\"background:#DD3333;color:#ffffff;font-size:13px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.04em;text-transform:uppercase;padding:10px 12px;line-height:1.35;\">Mechanical and Physical Properties \u00b7 Nitronic 50<\/div>\n<p><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<table style=\"border-collapse:collapse;width:100%;font-size:15px;line-height:1.5;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\">Solution annealed \u00b7 R<sub>m<\/sub><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">690 \u2013 760 MPa<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\">Solution annealed \u00b7 R<sub>p0.2<\/sub><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">380 \u2013 485 MPa<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\">Solution annealed \u00b7 Elongation<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">35 \u2013 45%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\">Cold worked \u00b7 R<sub>m<\/sub><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">1000 MPa and above<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\">Cold worked \u00b7 R<sub>p0.2<\/sub><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">690 MPa and above<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\">Hardness<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">~230 HB<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\">Density<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">7.9 g\/cm\u00b3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\">Service temperature<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">870 \u00b0C \u2014 structural stability up to this temperature<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"dm-std\" style=\"border:1px solid #d7dfe4;background:#ffffff;margin:24px 0 18px;\">\n<div style=\"background:#DD3333;color:#ffffff;font-size:13px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.04em;text-transform:uppercase;padding:10px 12px;line-height:1.35;\">Standards and Equivalents \u00b7 Nitronic 50<\/div>\n<div data-dmtw=\"1\" style=\"position:relative;overflow:hidden;\"><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"position:relative;z-index:2;overflow-x:auto;\">\n<table style=\"border-collapse:collapse;width:100%;font-size:15px;line-height:1.5;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\">Trade name<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">Nitronic 50<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\">UNS<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">S20910<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\">W.Nr (DIN\/EN)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">1.3964<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\">AMS<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">5764<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\">Available forms<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">Round bar \u00b7 Flat bar \u00b7 Plate \u00b7 Sheet \u00b7 Tube \u00b7 Forgings<br \/><span style=\"font-size:13px;color:#6b7a84;\">All forms are supplied to order.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"margin:28px 0 0;padding:14px 16px;border:1px solid #e0e0e0;background:#FBFCFD;font-size:15px;line-height:1.7;\">\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 10px;\"><span style=\"color:#DD3333;font-weight:700;\">\u2192<\/span> Contact us for Nitronic 50 stock availability, sizes and AMS 5764 certified supply.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/en\/contact\/\" style=\"display:inline-block;background:#DD3333;color:#ffffff;font-weight:700;font-size:14px;padding:9px 16px;text-decoration:none;\">Request a quote<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"margin:22px 0 0;padding:14px 16px;border:1px solid #e0e0e0;background:#FBFCFD;\">\n<p style=\"font-size:11px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.08em;text-transform:uppercase;color:#9aa3a8;margin:0 0 8px;line-height:1.4;\">Related grades<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0;font-size:15px;line-height:2;color:#333;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/en\/aisi-316l\/\" style=\"color:#24BEE5;font-weight:600;text-decoration:none;\">AISI 316L<\/a> &nbsp;\u00b7&nbsp; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/en\/aisi-904l\/\" style=\"color:#24BEE5;font-weight:600;text-decoration:none;\">AISI 904L<\/a> &nbsp;\u00b7&nbsp; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/en\/aisi-f53\/\" style=\"color:#24BEE5;font-weight:600;text-decoration:none;\">AISI F53<\/a> &nbsp;\u00b7&nbsp; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/en\/aisi-318\/\" style=\"color:#24BEE5;font-weight:600;text-decoration:none;\">AISI 318<\/a> &nbsp;\u00b7&nbsp; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/en\/austenitic-steels\/\" style=\"color:#666;font-weight:600;text-decoration:none;\">All austenitic steels \u2192<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p><!-- dm-zengin --><\/p>\n<h4 id=\"dm-b0\" style=\"font-size:19px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;margin:30px 0 10px;line-height:1.35;\">What Nitronic 50 Is \u2014 and Why \u201cHigh-Strength 316L\u201d Is the Wrong Description<\/h4>\n<p><!-- dm-diy-sert --><\/p>\n<div style=\"border:1px solid #e3e9ec;margin:22px 0 26px;background:#fff;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\">\n<div style=\"background:#12303f;color:#fff;padding:9px 14px;font-size:14px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.3px;position:relative;z-index:2;\">STRENGTH VALUES<\/div>\n<div style=\"position:relative;z-index:2;\">\n<div style=\"padding:12px 10px 0;\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 740 464\" style=\"width:100%;height:auto;display:block;\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" role=\"img\"><rect x=\"16\" y=\"6\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"#12303f\"\/><text x=\"34\" y=\"16\" font-size=\"11.5\" fill=\"#12303f\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">Yield (MPa)<\/text><rect x=\"146\" y=\"6\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"#7fa8bd\"\/><text x=\"164\" y=\"16\" font-size=\"11.5\" fill=\"#12303f\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">Tensile (MPa)<\/text><text x=\"16\" y=\"44\" font-size=\"12.5\" font-weight=\"bold\" fill=\"#12303f\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">ASTM A276 \u00b7 bar and shapes, Condition A (ANNEALED)<\/text><rect x=\"16\" y=\"50\" width=\"544.0\" height=\"15\" fill=\"#7fa8bd\"\/><text x=\"567.0\" y=\"62\" font-size=\"11.5\" fill=\"#5b7180\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">690<\/text><rect x=\"16\" y=\"68\" width=\"299.6\" height=\"15\" fill=\"#12303f\"\/><text x=\"322.6\" y=\"80\" font-size=\"11.5\" fill=\"#5b7180\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">380<\/text><text x=\"16\" y=\"108\" font-size=\"12.5\" font-weight=\"bold\" fill=\"#12303f\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">ASTM A479 \/ ASME SA-479 \u00b7 bar for boilers and pressure vessels, ANNEALED<\/text><rect x=\"16\" y=\"114\" width=\"544.0\" height=\"15\" fill=\"#7fa8bd\"\/><text x=\"567.0\" y=\"126\" font-size=\"11.5\" fill=\"#5b7180\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">690<\/text><rect x=\"16\" y=\"132\" width=\"299.6\" height=\"15\" fill=\"#12303f\"\/><text x=\"322.6\" y=\"144\" font-size=\"11.5\" fill=\"#5b7180\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">380<\/text><text x=\"16\" y=\"172\" font-size=\"12.5\" font-weight=\"bold\" fill=\"#12303f\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">ASTM A312 \/ ASME SA-312 \u00b7 seamless and welded pipe (TP XM-19), ANNEALED<\/text><rect x=\"16\" y=\"178\" width=\"488.8\" height=\"15\" fill=\"#7fa8bd\"\/><text x=\"511.8\" y=\"190\" font-size=\"11.5\" fill=\"#5b7180\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">620<\/text><rect x=\"16\" y=\"196\" width=\"272.0\" height=\"15\" fill=\"#12303f\"\/><text x=\"295.0\" y=\"208\" font-size=\"11.5\" fill=\"#5b7180\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">345<\/text><text x=\"16\" y=\"236\" font-size=\"12.5\" font-weight=\"bold\" fill=\"#12303f\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">ASTM A193 Gr B8R \u00b7 bolts and studs, carbide solution treated<\/text><rect x=\"16\" y=\"242\" width=\"544.0\" height=\"15\" fill=\"#7fa8bd\"\/><text x=\"567.0\" y=\"254\" font-size=\"11.5\" fill=\"#5b7180\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">690<\/text><rect x=\"16\" y=\"260\" width=\"299.6\" height=\"15\" fill=\"#12303f\"\/><text x=\"322.6\" y=\"272\" font-size=\"11.5\" fill=\"#5b7180\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">380<\/text><text x=\"16\" y=\"300\" font-size=\"12.5\" font-weight=\"bold\" fill=\"#12303f\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">HIGH STRENGTH (HS) \u00b7 COLD WORKED, 38-57 mm diameter \u2014 NOT PRECIPITATION HARDENING<\/text><rect x=\"16\" y=\"306\" width=\"652.0\" height=\"15\" fill=\"#7fa8bd\"\/><text x=\"675.0\" y=\"318\" font-size=\"11.5\" fill=\"#5b7180\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">827<\/text><rect x=\"16\" y=\"324\" width=\"571.6\" height=\"15\" fill=\"#12303f\"\/><text x=\"594.6\" y=\"336\" font-size=\"11.5\" fill=\"#5b7180\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">725<\/text><text x=\"16\" y=\"364\" font-size=\"12.5\" font-weight=\"bold\" fill=\"#12303f\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">HOT ROLLED HS (Virgamet nomenclature) \u2014 NOT PRECIPITATION HARDENING<\/text><rect x=\"16\" y=\"370\" width=\"544.0\" height=\"15\" fill=\"#7fa8bd\"\/><text x=\"567.0\" y=\"382\" font-size=\"11.5\" fill=\"#5b7180\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">690<\/text><rect x=\"16\" y=\"388\" width=\"327.2\" height=\"15\" fill=\"#12303f\"\/><text x=\"350.2\" y=\"400\" font-size=\"11.5\" fill=\"#5b7180\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">415<\/text><text x=\"16\" y=\"428\" font-size=\"12.5\" font-weight=\"bold\" fill=\"#12303f\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">Rolled Alloys TYPICAL measurement, 24 \u00b0C (75 \u00b0F)<\/text><rect x=\"16\" y=\"434\" width=\"636.2\" height=\"15\" fill=\"#7fa8bd\"\/><text x=\"659.2\" y=\"446\" font-size=\"11.5\" fill=\"#5b7180\" font-family=\"Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif\">807<\/text><\/svg><\/div>\n<div style=\"padding:12px 12px 2px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\"><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"overflow-x:auto;position:relative;z-index:2;\">\n<table style=\"width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:13.5px;min-width:430px;background:transparent;\">\n<tr>\n<th style=\"padding:7px 9px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:#12303f;background:#F2F6F8;border:1px solid #eceff1;\">Condition<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding:7px 9px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:#12303f;background:#F2F6F8;border:1px solid #eceff1;\">Hardness<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding:7px 9px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:#12303f;background:#F2F6F8;border:1px solid #eceff1;\">Yield MPa<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding:7px 9px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:#12303f;background:#F2F6F8;border:1px solid #eceff1;\">Tensile MPa<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding:7px 9px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:#12303f;background:#F2F6F8;border:1px solid #eceff1;\">Elongation<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">ASTM A276 \u00b7 bar and shapes, Condition A (ANNEALED)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">\u2014<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">380<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">690<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">35%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">ASTM A479 \/ ASME SA-479 \u00b7 bar for boilers and pressure vessels, ANNEALED<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">293 HBW max.<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">380<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">690<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">35%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">ASTM A312 \/ ASME SA-312 \u00b7 seamless and welded pipe (TP XM-19), ANNEALED<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">100 HRB \/ 241 HBW max.<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">345<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">620<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">35%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">ASTM A193 Gr B8R \u00b7 bolts and studs, carbide solution treated<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">271 HBW \/ 28 HRC max.<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">380<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">690<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">35%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">ASTM A194 Gr 8R and 8RA \u00b7 nuts, carbide solution treated<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">183-271 HB \u00b7 25 HRC max. \u00b7 88 HRB min.<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">\u2014<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">\u2014<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">\u2014<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">HIGH STRENGTH (HS) \u00b7 COLD WORKED, 38-57 mm diameter \u2014 NOT PRECIPITATION HARDENING<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">328 HBN max. (Langley Alloys)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">725<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">827<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">15%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">HOT ROLLED HS (Virgamet nomenclature) \u2014 NOT PRECIPITATION HARDENING<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">\u2014<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">415<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">690<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">30%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">Rolled Alloys TYPICAL measurement, 24 \u00b0C (75 \u00b0F)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">\u2014<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">\u2014<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">807<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">\u2014<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"padding:6px 14px 12px;font-size:12px;color:#5b7180;line-height:1.7;border-top:1px solid #f0f3f5;position:relative;z-index:2;\"><b style=\"color:#12303f;\">THIS ALLOY IS NOT PRECIPITATION HARDENABLE. The rows are split by SPECIFICATION, PRODUCT FORM and DEFORMATION STATE, not by an AGEING CONDITION; there is NO condition column such as H900 \/ H1025 \/ H1075 and there cannot be one. The &#8216;HS&#8217; and &#8216;SHS&#8217; rows are COLD or WARM WORKING conditions \u2014 they are not obtained by heat treatment and they are REVERSED by heat treatment (annealing). NOTE 1: in the annealed condition the tensile and yield minimums are 690\/380 MPa for BAR but 620\/345 MPa for PIPE; that is a difference of specification, not of material, and the two must not be mixed in a calculation. NOTE 2: cold work lowers elongation from 35% to 15% and reduction of area from 55% to 45%. The strength gain is paid for with part of the ductility. NOTE 3: the nomenclature differs between sources. Langley Alloys gives the name &#8216;HS&#8217; to the cold-worked condition while Virgamet gives the same name to the hot-rolled one. ORDERS MUST STATE THE NUMBERS AND THE DIAMETER RANGE, NOT THE NAME.<\/b> The rows are split by specification, product form and deformation state; there is no ageing condition column. The HS and SHS rows are cold or warm working conditions, not precipitation hardening. The bar minimums (690\/380 MPa) must not be confused with the pipe minimums (620\/345 MPa). Cold work lowers elongation from 35% to 15%. The HS \/ SHS nomenclature differs between sources; orders must state the numbers and the diameter range.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><!-- \/dm-diy-sert --><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 12px;font-size:15px;line-height:1.75;\">Nitronic 50 (UNS <b>S20910<\/b> \/ ASTM <b>XM-19<\/b> \/ also sold as <b>Alloy 50<\/b>, <b>Fermonic 50<\/b>, <b>22-13-5<\/b>) is a <b>nitrogen-strengthened fully austenitic stainless steel<\/b>. Its one distinguishing sentence: <b>it substitutes manganese and nitrogen for part of the nickel, which roughly doubles the annealed yield strength relative to 316L while keeping the structure 100 % austenitic<\/b> \u2014 so it does not transform to martensite when cold worked or taken to cryogenic temperature, and it <b>stays non-magnetic<\/b>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 12px;font-size:15px;line-height:1.75;\">Very few materials deliver both of those at once, and that is where the entire commercial value of the alloy sits. But <b>the same sentence also writes the alloy\u2019s limits<\/b>: nitrogen and manganese are an inexpensive nickel substitute, and the chromium\u2013molybdenum balance does not approach that of a <b>duplex<\/b> stainless. We hold that distinction in every section below.<\/p>\n<div style=\"border:1px solid #d7dfe4;background:#ffffff;margin:24px 0 18px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\">\n<div style=\"background:#DD3333;color:#ffffff;font-size:13px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.04em;text-transform:uppercase;padding:10px 12px;line-height:1.35;\">Honest Position in the Family \u2014 What It Is and What It Is NOT<\/div>\n<p><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<table style=\"border-collapse:collapse;width:100%;font-size:15px;line-height:1.5;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>Versus <a href=\"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/en\/aisi-316l\/\">316L<\/a><\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>Roughly double the yield<\/b> (380 MPa \/ 55 ksi minimum against 316L\u2019s 170 MPa \/ 25 ksi). Higher PREN. Measurably better pitting and crevice resistance in ferric chloride. <b>But resistance to stress corrosion cracking in boiling magnesium chloride is, on the producer\u2019s own data, about the SAME as 316<\/b> \u2014 in fact slightly worse. If you are leaving 316L because of chloride SCC, N50 does not solve your problem<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\"><b>Versus duplex \/ super duplex<\/b> (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/en\/aisi-f53\/\">2507 \/ F53<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/en\/aisi-f55\/\">Zeron 100 \/ F55<\/a>)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\"><b>N50 is fully austenitic; they are two-phase.<\/b> N50 wins on <b>non-magnetic behaviour<\/b>, retained cryogenic ductility, and freedom from phase-balance worries \u2014 no sigma, no 475 \u00b0C embrittlement, no ferrite-number control. In exchange, <b>duplex is clearly superior in chloride SCC and crevice corrosion<\/b>. The PREN numbers can look similar; <b>PREN does not measure SCC<\/b>, and that is precisely what makes the comparison misleading<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>Versus <a href=\"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/en\/monel-k500\/\">Monel K-500<\/a><\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">In the producer\u2019s metal-to-metal wear testing, <b>N50 outperformed K-500 despite its lower hardness<\/b> \u2014 a genuine alternative for seawater pump shafting<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\"><b>Versus Nitronic 60 (S21800)<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">N50 is the <b>corrosion-and-strength<\/b> alloy; <b>N60 is the galling alloy<\/b>. N50\u2019s galling resistance is, per the producer, <b>similar to or slightly better than 316<\/b> \u2014 i.e. it is <i>not<\/i> good. For valve stem bearing surfaces, threaded connections and sliding couples, <b>specify N60<\/b>. The two share a family name but not a job<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>Versus <a href=\"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/en\/17-4ph-1-4542-aisi-630\/\">17-4 PH<\/a><\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">17-4 PH reaches far higher strength by heat treatment but is <b>martensitic, magnetic<\/b> and much weaker in chloride. <b>Any non-magnetic requirement eliminates 17-4 PH at the outset<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\"><b>Versus nickel-base alloys<\/b> (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/en\/incoloy-825\/\">825<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/en\/inconel-625\/\">625<\/a>)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">N50 is an <b>iron-base stainless<\/b>, not a nickel alloy. In reducing acids, at high temperature and in severe chloride, the nickel-base alloys are in a different league. What N50 sells is <b>austenitic strength and non-magnetism at stainless-steel price<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<p style=\"margin:18px 0 6px;font-size:15px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;line-height:1.5;\">The three numbers that actually define the alloy<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 12px;font-size:15px;line-height:1.75;\"><b>Nitrogen 0.20\u20130.40 %.<\/b> Nitrogen is the most potent interstitial solid-solution strengthener in austenite and simultaneously a <b>powerful austenite stabiliser<\/b>. It does nickel\u2019s expensive job. Its contribution to pitting resistance enters the PREN formula with a <b>coefficient of 16<\/b> \u2014 sixteen times more effective than chromium.<br \/><b>Manganese 4.0\u20136.0 %.<\/b> Manganese contributes nothing to corrosion resistance on its own; its job is to <b>raise nitrogen solubility in the liquid steel<\/b>. You cannot hold 0.40 % nitrogen in an austenitic without it. Manganese here is a <b>process enabler<\/b>, not an alloying element.<br \/><b>Niobium 0.10\u20130.30 % and vanadium 0.10\u20130.30 %.<\/b> Almost no distributor sheet explains these two. <b>Nb and V are carbide\/carbonitride formers<\/b>: they tie up carbon and prevent chromium carbide (stabilisation), and they add strength through fine precipitates. This is why XM-19 is unexpectedly resistant to sensitisation.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 12px;font-size:15px;line-height:1.75;\"><b>The consequence:<\/b> XM-19 does the opposite of 316L\u2019s \u201cdilute the chemistry and give up strength\u201d approach \u2014 <b>it leaves carbon at \u22640.06 % but stabilises it with Nb + V, strengthens with nitrogen, and holds the nitrogen with manganese<\/b>. That is why it is strong in the annealed condition and still passes ASTM A262 Practices B and E after a 675 \u00b0C sensitising cycle.<\/p>\n<h4 id=\"dm-b1\" style=\"font-size:19px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;margin:30px 0 10px;line-height:1.35;\">Standards by Product Form<\/h4>\n<p><!-- dm-diy-std --><\/p>\n<div style=\"border:1px solid #e3e9ec;margin:22px 0 26px;background:#fff;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\">\n<div style=\"background:#12303f;color:#fff;padding:9px 14px;font-size:14px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.3px;position:relative;z-index:2;\">STANDARDS BY PRODUCT FORM<\/div>\n<div style=\"position:relative;z-index:2;\">\n<div style=\"padding:12px 12px 2px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\"><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"overflow-x:auto;position:relative;z-index:2;\">\n<table style=\"width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:13.5px;min-width:430px;background:transparent;\">\n<tr>\n<th style=\"padding:7px 9px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:#12303f;background:#F2F6F8;border:1px solid #eceff1;\">Product form<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding:7px 9px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:#12303f;background:#F2F6F8;border:1px solid #eceff1;\">Standards<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">Round bar, flat bar (including square and hexagon)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\"><b style=\"font-size:16.5px;font-weight:800;color:#12303f;\">AMS 5764<\/b> (SAE; bars, forgings and rings) \u00b7 ASTM A276 (XM-19) \u00b7 ASTM A479 \/ ASME SA-479 (S20910) \u00b7 ASTM A484 (general requirements)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">Forging and forging stock<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\"><b style=\"font-size:16.5px;font-weight:800;color:#12303f;\">AMS 5764<\/b> (forgings and rings) \u00b7 ASTM A314 (billets and bars for forging)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">Flange, fitting and valve part<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">ASTM A182 \/ ASME SA-182 Grade F XM-19 (Boltport, Aircraft Materials, Virgamet) \u00b7 dimensions to ASME B16.5 \/ B16.47. FXM-19 does not appear in HT Pipe&#8217;s A182 list; the conflict is recorded.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">Seamless and welded pipe<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">ASTM A312 \/ ASME SA-312 (TP XM-19). No AMS number could be confirmed.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">Plate, sheet and strip<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">ASTM A240 \u2014 NOT CONFIRMED BY FOUR SOURCES. Aircraft Materials and Boltport mention XM-19 with A240; S20910 does not appear in HT Pipe&#8217;s A240 grade list. Given for the record; it must be verified before ordering.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">Wire and coil<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">ASTM A580 (XM-19) \u2014 found only in Universal Stainless; the four-source threshold was not met, given for the record.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">Bolt, stud and nut<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">ASTM A193 Grade B8R and B8RA (bolts and studs) \u00b7 ASTM A194 Grade 8R and 8RA (nuts). Both belong to UNS S20910 and define the &#8216;carbide solution treated&#8217; condition.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">Welding consumable<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">AWS A5.9 ER209 (wire) \u00b7 AWS A5.4 E209 (covered electrode)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">Sour service qualification<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">NACE MR0175 \/ ISO 15156-3. WARNING: there is a hardness ceiling; the cold-worked HS\/SHS conditions may exceed it.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"padding:6px 14px 12px;font-size:12px;color:#5b7180;line-height:1.7;border-top:1px solid #f0f3f5;position:relative;z-index:2;\">AMS numbers first, ASTM after. AMS 5764 belongs directly to UNS S20910 and was confirmed by five independent sources. W.Nr. 1.3964 is an approximate equivalent; its nickel band does not overlap with S20910. The ASTM A240 and A580 rows did not meet the four-source threshold and are given for the record.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><!-- \/dm-diy-std --><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 12px;font-size:15px;line-height:1.75;\"><b>A critical warning up front:<\/b> every standard listed below covers <b>annealed<\/b> XM-19. The <b>HS \/ XHS \/ UHS high-strength levels described later on this page are NOT inside those standards<\/b> \u2014 they are mill specifications. Do not mix the two on one purchase order.<\/p>\n<div style=\"border:1px solid #d7dfe4;background:#ffffff;margin:24px 0 18px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\">\n<div style=\"background:#DD3333;color:#ffffff;font-size:13px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.04em;text-transform:uppercase;padding:10px 12px;line-height:1.35;\">Standards by Product Form \u00b7 Nitronic 50 (S20910 \/ XM-19)<\/div>\n<p><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<table style=\"border-collapse:collapse;width:100%;font-size:15px;line-height:1.5;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\">Bar<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">ASTM <b>A276<\/b> \/ ASME <b>SA-276<\/b> \u00b7 ASTM <b>A479<\/b> \/ SA-479 (bar for pressure vessel and boiler components) \u00b7 <b>AMS 5764<\/b> (aerospace bar \/ forgings \/ rings)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\">Plate \u00b7 sheet \u00b7 strip<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">ASTM <b>A240<\/b> \/ ASME <b>SA-240<\/b> \u2014 XM-19 is one of the grades listed in the A240 scope<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\">Billet and bar for forging<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">ASTM <b>A314<\/b> \/ SA-314 \u00b7 <b>AMS 5764<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\">Wire \u00b7 coil<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">ASTM <b>A580<\/b> (single-source mill specification table; see the \u201cproduct forms with no standard\u201d section below)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>Forged flanges \u00b7 fittings \u00b7 valve parts<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">ASTM <b>A182 Grade FXM-19<\/b> \u2014 <b>independently verified<\/b>. Note the grade designation in A182 is <b>FXM-19<\/b>, not \u201cF XM-19\u201d or \u201cF20910\u201d<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\"><b>Bolts \u00b7 studs<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">ASTM <b>A193 Grade B8R<\/b> (Class 1C, carbide solution treated) and <b>B8RA<\/b> (Class 1D) \u2014 both are UNS S20910<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>Nuts<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">ASTM <b>A194 Grade 8R<\/b> (for B8R) \/ <b>8RA<\/b>. <b>Very common error:<\/b> many pages pair B8R studs with \u201cA194 Gr 8\u201d or \u201cA194 Gr B8\u201d \u2014 <b>that is a 304 nut and it does not match<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\">Seamless and welded pipe<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">ASTM <b>A312<\/b> \u2014 <b>read carefully.<\/b> At least one producer data sheet states that S20910 is covered in A312 <b>for chemistry only<\/b>; other publishers list A312 without qualification. <b>The sources conflict.<\/b> For pipe, have the grade table of the current A312 edition confirmed <b>before<\/b> ordering<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\">Welding wire<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>AWS A5.9 ER209<\/b>, UNS <b>S20980<\/b> \u2014 sold under the trade name <b>Nitronic 50W<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\">Covered electrode<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\"><b>AWS A5.4 E209<\/b> (some sheets write the pair as \u201cE\/ER209\u201d)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\">Medical<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">ASTM <b>F899<\/b> (umbrella specification for surgical instrument steels)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\">Plate \u00b7 sheet (additional)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">ASTM <b>A412<\/b> \u2014 chromium-nickel-manganese stainless plate, sheet and strip; listed for XM-19 on a <b>single source<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>Europe<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">W.Nr. <b>1.3964<\/b> \/ <b>X2CrNiMnMoNNb21-16-5-3<\/b>, under <b>SEW 390<\/b> and <b>VG 81237<\/b> (German defence specification). <b>1.3964 is NOT IDENTICAL to S20910<\/b> \u2014 see the chemistry section<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\"><b>NACE<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\"><b>MR0175 \/ ISO 15156-3<\/b> and <b>MR0103<\/b> \u2014 S20910 is accepted in the annealed or hot\/cold-worked condition at a <b>maximum of 35 HRC<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<h4 id=\"dm-b2\" style=\"font-size:19px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;margin:30px 0 10px;line-height:1.35;\">ASME Code Acceptance and Maximum Code Temperatures<\/h4>\n<p><!-- dm-diy-isil --><\/p>\n<div style=\"border:1px solid #e3e9ec;margin:22px 0 26px;background:#fff;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\">\n<div style=\"background:#12303f;color:#fff;padding:9px 14px;font-size:14px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.3px;position:relative;z-index:2;\">HEAT TREATMENT \u2014 SCHEMATIC<\/div>\n<div style=\"position:relative;z-index:2;\">\n<div style=\"padding:10px 12px 2px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\"><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"position:relative;z-index:2;\">\n<div style=\"font-size:13.5px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;margin:6px 0 6px;\">1 \u00b7 SOLUTION ANNEAL (carbide solution treatment) \u2014 this is the only valid heat treatment<\/div>\n<table style=\"width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:13.5px;background:transparent;\">\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Step<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">1 \u00b7 SOLUTION ANNEAL (carbide solution treatment) \u2014 this is the only valid heat treatment<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Summary<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">It takes carbides and other precipitates into solid solution, renews the grain structure and holds the nitrogen in solution. IT DOES NOT RAISE STRENGTH, IT LOWERS IT. This is the Condition A \/ B8R \/ 8R delivery state.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Temperature<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">The sources diverge, ALL UNDER THEIR SOURCE NAME: Aircraft Materials gives 1065-1120 \u00b0C (1950-2050 \u00b0F) for AMS 5764 \u00b7 MW Alloys gives 1066-1121 \u00b0C (1950-2050 \u00b0F) \u00b7 ASTM A312 (HT Pipe) gives 1040-1100 \u00b0C. Langley Alloys gives no temperature, only &#8216;solution treated and water quenched&#8217;. NO SINGLE NUMBER IS WRITTEN, NO AVERAGE IS TAKEN. The practical envelope is roughly 1040-1121 \u00b0C.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Time<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">No numerical soak time could be confirmed in four independent sources, so NONE IS WRITTEN.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Cooling<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">RAPID COOLING \/ WATER QUENCH. Langley Alloys says &#8216;water quenched&#8217;; MW Alloys says &#8216;rapid quench&#8217;; ASTM A312 calls for a rapid quench. Slow cooling allows carbide precipitation.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Resulting hardness<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">The ASTM A479 ceiling is 293 HBW (Boltport). On the fastener side the ASTM A193 Gr B8R ceiling is 271 HBW \/ 28 HRC (Boltport), and the ASTM A194 Gr 8R band is 183-271 HB with 25 HRC maximum and 88 HRB minimum. The ASTM A312 pipe ceiling is 100 HRB \/ 241 HBW (HT Pipe).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Note<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">Directional warning from MW Alloys: THE LOWER END of the band preserves strength; THE UPPER END reduces the risk of intergranular attack in severe corrosion service and on welded parts.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"padding:10px 12px 2px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\"><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"position:relative;z-index:2;\">\n<div style=\"font-size:13.5px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;margin:6px 0 6px;\">2 \u00b7 POST-WELD SOLUTION ANNEAL \u2014 on welded parts<\/div>\n<table style=\"width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:13.5px;background:transparent;\">\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Step<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">2 \u00b7 POST-WELD SOLUTION ANNEAL \u2014 on welded parts<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Summary<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">It exists to redissolve the precipitates left by the welding thermal cycle and to recover corrosion resistance. It is NOT a strengthening step.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Temperature<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">THE UPPER END of the band in step 1 is recommended (MW Alloys). No separate recipe could be confirmed by four sources.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Time<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">Not confirmed \u2014 not written.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Cooling<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">Rapid cooling \/ water quench.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Resulting hardness<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">It returns to the annealed hardness ceilings. WARNING: a cold-worked part LOSES its HS strength in this step.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"padding:10px 12px 2px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\"><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"position:relative;z-index:2;\">\n<div style=\"font-size:13.5px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;margin:6px 0 6px;\">3 \u00b7 COLD OR WARM WORK \u2014 the HS \/ SHS conditions. THIS IS NOT PRECIPITATION HARDENING.<\/div>\n<table style=\"width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:13.5px;background:transparent;\">\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Step<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">3 \u00b7 COLD OR WARM WORK \u2014 the HS \/ SHS conditions. THIS IS NOT PRECIPITATION HARDENING.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Summary<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">This is the ONLY way to raise strength. Langley Alloys: &#8216;high-strength bars are cold or warm worked to reach their strength&#8217;. Rolled Alloys: &#8216;an austenitic alloy strengthened by cold work rather than precipitation hardening&#8217;. Universal Stainless: it &#8216;can be cold worked to much higher strengths than standard 300 series austenitics&#8217;.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Temperature<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">Room temperature (cold work) or warm work. A NUMERICAL WARM WORKING TEMPERATURE could not be confirmed by four independent sources and IS NOT WRITTEN.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Time<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">Not applicable \u2014 this is a matter of reduction ratio and diameter range, not of time.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Cooling<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">Not applicable.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Resulting hardness<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">Langley Alloys gives a 328 HBN ceiling for the cold-worked high-strength condition. The mechanical values are in the &#8216;hardness and strength&#8217; diagram. WARNING: in sour service the NACE MR0175 hardness ceiling may exclude this condition.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Note<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">THIS CONDITION IS REVERSED BY HEAT TREATMENT: an annealed part loses its HS strength. Welding and post-weld annealing therefore have to be considered together on HS material.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"padding:10px 12px 2px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\"><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"position:relative;z-index:2;\">\n<div style=\"font-size:13.5px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;margin:6px 0 6px;\">NO NUMERICAL FORBIDDEN BAND IS GIVEN \u2014 the four-source threshold was not met<\/div>\n<table style=\"width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:13.5px;background:transparent;\">\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Step<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">NO NUMERICAL FORBIDDEN BAND IS GIVEN \u2014 the four-source threshold was not met<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">What happens<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">In nitrogen-bearing highly alloyed austenitics, long service at intermediate temperature can lead to carbide and intermetallic (sigma) precipitation, which lowers toughness and corrosion resistance. HOWEVER, FOR XM-19 NO NUMERICAL TEMPERATURE BAND (for example 675-900 \u00b0C) COULD BE FOUND IN ANY INDEPENDENT SOURCE.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">As named in the source<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">The one directional statement available comes from MW Alloys: &#8216;lower temperature annealing preserves strength, while higher temperatures are recommended for severe corrosion environments or welded components to minimize intergranular attack risk&#8217;. The datasheets of Rolled Alloys, Universal Stainless, Langley Alloys, Virgamet and Aircraft Materials give no numerical precipitation band. THE BAND WAS THEREFORE NOT INVENTED; it is left empty and recorded in the &#8216;atlananlar&#8217; list.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Mechanism warning<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">The practical rule needs no number: RAPID COOLING after the solution anneal is mandatory and slow cooling damages the material. If long high-temperature service is planned, grade-specific precipitation data must be requested from the mill.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"padding:6px 14px 12px;font-size:12px;color:#5b7180;line-height:1.7;border-top:1px solid #f0f3f5;position:relative;z-index:2;\">The scheme is schematic; the time axis is NOT to scale. No published TTT\/CCT curve was used, so no curve is drawn. THIS ALLOY IS AUSTENITIC: it is produced by SOLUTION ANNEALING + RAPID COOLING, it is NOT PRECIPITATION HARDENABLE and it is not aged. There is NO hardening step such as H900 or H1075 and none is drawn. &#8216;Nitronic 50 HS&#8217; and &#8216;SHS&#8217; are NOT HEAT TREATMENT STEPS but COLD or WARM WORKING conditions; they are shown as step 3 in this diagram. The scheme is schematic; the time axis is not to scale. This alloy is NOT PRECIPITATION HARDENABLE; there is no ageing step. HS and SHS are cold or warm working conditions, not heat treatment steps. The solution anneal lowers strength and erases the cold work gain. A numerical carbide\/sigma precipitation band could not be confirmed by four sources and is not given.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><!-- \/dm-diy-isil --><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 12px;font-size:15px;line-height:1.75;\"><b>We have to be honest in this section.<\/b> The ASME material specifications for S20910 (<b>SA-240, SA-276, SA-479, SA-314<\/b>) are verified \u2014 the material <b>is<\/b> in the ASME system. What we <b>could not independently verify<\/b> is the maximum temperature at which it stops in the allowable-stress tables of <b>Section II Part D<\/b>.<\/p>\n<div style=\"border:1px solid #d7dfe4;background:#ffffff;margin:24px 0 18px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\">\n<div style=\"background:#DD3333;color:#ffffff;font-size:13px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.04em;text-transform:uppercase;padding:10px 12px;line-height:1.35;\">Code Status \u00b7 S20910 \u2014 Verified and Unverified<\/div>\n<p><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<table style=\"border-collapse:collapse;width:100%;font-size:15px;line-height:1.5;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>ASME material specifications<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>SA-240<\/b> (plate\/sheet\/strip) \u00b7 <b>SA-276<\/b> (bar) \u00b7 <b>SA-479<\/b> (pressure vessel bar) \u00b7 <b>SA-314<\/b> (forging billet) \u2014 <b>verified<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\"><b>Section VIII Div. 1 maximum temperature<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\"><b>Not independently verified.<\/b> Do not publish a number; confirm it project by project from <b>ASME II-D Table 1A<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>Section VIII Div. 2 \u00b7 Section I \u00b7 B31.1 \u00b7 B31.3<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>Not independently verified.<\/b> This page does not say \u201caccepted\u201d or \u201cnot accepted\u201d for those codes \u2014 because we could not confirm it<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\"><b>Bolting<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\"><b>A193 B8R \/ B8RA<\/b> and <b>A194 8R \/ 8RA<\/b> verified on the ASTM side; check the current edition for the ASME SA counterparts<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>Producer\u2019s mechanical data ceiling<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">One producer sheet states \u201cexcellent mechanical properties up to <b>1200 \u00b0F (649 \u00b0C)<\/b>\u201d. <b>That is a capability statement, not a code temperature<\/b> \u2014 and it cannot be used as one<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\"><b>A conflicting single-source claim<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">One secondary publisher writes \u201c<b>not recommended for continuous service above approximately 400 \u00b0C because of sigma phase<\/b>\u201d. This <b>directly contradicts<\/b> the producer\u2019s 649 \u00b0C statement and is single-sourced. <b>Know both; base no purchase decision on either alone<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>NACE MR0175 \/ ISO 15156-3<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">S20910 is accepted <b>annealed or hot\/cold worked<\/b> at a <b>maximum of 35 HRC<\/b>. ISO 15156 allows a small tolerance on individual readings: the <b>average of adjacent readings must stay within the limit<\/b> and <b>no single reading may exceed it by more than 2 HRC<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<h4 id=\"dm-b3\" style=\"font-size:19px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;margin:30px 0 10px;line-height:1.35;\">Product Forms With NO Standard \u2014 the Commercially Valuable Section<\/h4>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 12px;font-size:15px;line-height:1.75;\"><b>This is the section your sales engineers should memorise.<\/b> In XM-19 the specification gap is not in the chemistry but in the <b>strength levels<\/b> \u2014 and that leaves the alloy\u2019s best-selling condition outside any standard.<\/p>\n<div style=\"border:1px solid #d7dfe4;background:#ffffff;margin:24px 0 18px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\">\n<div style=\"background:#DD3333;color:#ffffff;font-size:13px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.04em;text-transform:uppercase;padding:10px 12px;line-height:1.35;\">Specification Gaps for S20910<\/div>\n<p><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<table style=\"border-collapse:collapse;width:100%;font-size:15px;line-height:1.5;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>HS \/ XHS \/ UHS high-strength levels<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>There is NO ASTM, AMS or EN product specification for these levels.<\/b> ASTM A276 and A479 cover XM-19 <b>annealed<\/b> (and to a degree cold worked); the 105 \/ 120 \/ 140 ksi yield levels are <b>mill specifications<\/b>. One producer calls them HS, \u201cSuper\u201d HS (XHS\/SHS) and \u201cUltra\u201d HS (UHS); another does the same job with its own <b>Level 1\u20135 mill specifications<\/b>. <b>Two producers\u2019 \u201cXHS\u201d are not the same product.<\/b> When buying, write down <b>which mill and which specification number<\/b>; \u201cXM-19 XHS\u201d on its own is an incomplete order<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\"><b>Cold drawn structural wire \u00b7 spring wire<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">ASTM <b>A580<\/b> is the stainless wire specification and its coverage of XM-19 comes from a <b>single-source mill table<\/b>; not independently verified. Suppliers do sell N50 wire, but in practice it goes out with <b>chemistry to A276\/A479 and mechanicals by agreement<\/b>. That is the honest answer to \u201cNitronic 50 spring wire to ASTM\u201d<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>Castings<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>There is NO standardised cast equivalent of S20910.<\/b> No \u201ccast XM-19\u201d grade exists in the ACI\/ASTM A743\u2013A744 system. Carrying the high-manganese, high-nitrogen chemistry into a casting creates a <b>nitrogen retention<\/b> problem: liquid metal cooling in the mould loses nitrogen as gas and produces <b>porosity<\/b>. If you need a cast body, <b>machine it from wrought XM-19<\/b> or choose a duplex casting (CD4MCu, CE3MN) \u2014 and tell the customer in writing that <b>it is not XM-19<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\"><b>Welded high strength<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\"><b>This is not a product form but an impossibility, which is why it belongs here.<\/b> HS\/XHS\/UHS strength comes from <b>proprietary hot working practice<\/b>. The producer\u2019s own statement is unambiguous: <b>further hot work, heat treatment or welding cannot be performed on these levels without losing the strength.<\/b> So <b>\u201cbuy XHS bar and build a welded structure\u201d does not exist.<\/b> If it will be welded, design to the <b>annealed<\/b> values (380 MPa yield)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<h4 id=\"dm-b4\" style=\"font-size:19px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;margin:30px 0 10px;line-height:1.35;\">Chemical Composition<\/h4>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 12px;font-size:15px;line-height:1.75;\"><b>ASTM A276 \/ A479 \/ A240 \/ AMS 5764 (UNS S20910), weight %:<\/b> <b>C \u22640.06<\/b> \u00b7 <b>Mn 4.00\u20136.00<\/b> \u00b7 <b>Si \u22641.00<\/b> \u00b7 <b>P \u22640.040<\/b> \u00b7 <b>S \u22640.030<\/b> \u00b7 <b>Cr 20.50\u201323.50<\/b> \u00b7 <b>Ni 11.50\u201313.50<\/b> \u00b7 <b>Mo 1.50\u20133.00<\/b> \u00b7 <b>N 0.20\u20130.40<\/b> \u00b7 <b>Nb 0.10\u20130.30<\/b> \u00b7 <b>V 0.10\u20130.30<\/b> \u00b7 Fe balance.<\/p>\n<div style=\"border:1px solid #d7dfe4;background:#ffffff;margin:24px 0 18px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\">\n<div style=\"background:#DD3333;color:#ffffff;font-size:13px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.04em;text-transform:uppercase;padding:10px 12px;line-height:1.35;\">Chemistry Divergences That Actually Matter on a Certificate<\/div>\n<p><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<table style=\"border-collapse:collapse;width:100%;font-size:15px;line-height:1.5;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>S (sulphur)<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>ASTM \u22640.030<\/b>. But at least one producer prints <b>\u22640.010 for its high-strength (HS) product<\/b>, and a widely mirrored secondary sheet publishes <b>0.010 as if it were the ASTM limit<\/b>. <b>That is wrong.<\/b> ASTM is 0.030; 0.010 is a <b>mill tightening<\/b>. A heat at S = 0.020 % meets ASTM but fails that mill\u2019s HS specification<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\"><b>C (carbon)<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\"><b>ASTM \u22640.06<\/b> \u00b7 the same producer\u2019s <b>HS level \u22640.03<\/b>. Same logic: not an ASTM ceiling, a product-level ceiling<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>Nominal \u2260 specification<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">The \u201c22-13-5\u201d nickname means <b>nominal Cr 22 \u2013 Ni 13 \u2013 Mn 5<\/b>. That is a <b>target chemistry<\/b>; the specification is the bands above. A mill certificate is audited <b>against the bands<\/b>, not against the nickname<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<p style=\"margin:18px 0 6px;font-size:15px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;line-height:1.5;\">1.3964 is not the material you think it is \u2014 the most expensive fact on this page<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 12px;font-size:15px;line-height:1.75;\">Almost every distributor sheet gives the European equivalent of S20910 as <b>W.Nr. 1.3964<\/b>. <b>That is a shortcut and it is not chemically correct.<\/b> Put the two chemistries side by side:<\/p>\n<div style=\"border:1px solid #d7dfe4;background:#ffffff;margin:24px 0 18px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\">\n<div style=\"background:#DD3333;color:#ffffff;font-size:13px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.04em;text-transform:uppercase;padding:10px 12px;line-height:1.35;\">S20910 (ASTM) versus 1.3964 (SEW 390) \u2014 NOT the Same Material<\/div>\n<p><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<table style=\"border-collapse:collapse;width:100%;font-size:15px;line-height:1.5;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>Nickel<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">S20910: <b>11.50\u201313.50 %<\/b> \u00b7 1.3964: <b>15.00\u201317.00 %<\/b> \u2014 <b>the bands do not overlap at all<\/b>. 1.3964 is a much higher-nickel steel<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\"><b>Molybdenum<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">S20910: <b>1.50\u20133.00 %<\/b> \u00b7 1.3964: <b>3.00\u20133.50 %<\/b> \u2014 they touch at a single point (3.00 %)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>Chromium<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">S20910: <b>20.50\u201323.50 %<\/b> \u00b7 1.3964: <b>20.00\u201321.50 %<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\"><b>Carbon<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">S20910: <b>\u22640.06 %<\/b> \u00b7 1.3964: <b>\u22640.03 %<\/b> \u2014 <b>twice as tight<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>Sulphur \u00b7 phosphorus<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">S20910: S \u22640.030 % \/ P \u22640.040 % \u00b7 1.3964: <b>S \u22640.010 % \/ P \u22640.025 %<\/b> \u2014 <b>a much cleaner steel<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\"><b>Nitrogen \u00b7 Nb \u00b7 W<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">S20910: N 0.20\u20130.40 %, Nb 0.10\u20130.30 % (with a MINIMUM), V 0.10\u20130.30 % \u00b7 1.3964: N 0.20\u20130.35 %, <b>Nb \u22640.25 % (no minimum)<\/b>, <b>W \u22640.25 %<\/b>, and <b>no vanadium specified<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>Mechanicals<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">1.3964 typical: <b>Rm 700\u2013950 MPa<\/b> \u2014 a BAND, with a ceiling \u2014 and hardness <b>\u2264279 HBW<\/b>. S20910 to ASTM: <b>Rm \u2265690 MPa<\/b> (floor only), hardness <b>\u2264241 HB<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\"><b>Where it lives<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">1.3964 exists in Germany under <b>VG 81237<\/b> (submarine \/ defence) and <b>SEW 390<\/b> (non-magnetic steels); it carries the nicknames \u201csubmarine steel\u201d and \u201cP501\u201d. <b>It is a sibling of ASTM XM-19, not its twin<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>What to do<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>If the customer asks for 1.3964, certify 1.3964; if they ask for XM-19, certify XM-19.<\/b> Shipping one against the other \u2014 especially given the nickel and molybdenum gap \u2014 is a <b>certification non-conformance<\/b>. Both may perform; the paperwork will not<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<h4 id=\"dm-b5\" style=\"font-size:19px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;margin:30px 0 10px;line-height:1.35;\">Mechanical Properties<\/h4>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 12px;font-size:15px;line-height:1.75;\"><b>Do not mix rows in this section.<\/b> XM-19 is not one material but <b>at least three separate products<\/b>: annealed, hot-worked high strength (HS\/XHS\/UHS), and cold-worked levels. <b>Only the first of these is inside a standard.<\/b><\/p>\n<div style=\"border:1px solid #d7dfe4;background:#ffffff;margin:24px 0 18px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\">\n<div style=\"background:#DD3333;color:#ffffff;font-size:13px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.04em;text-transform:uppercase;padding:10px 12px;line-height:1.35;\">1) ANNEALED \u2014 Specification Minimums (ASTM A276 \/ A479 \/ AMS 5764)<\/div>\n<p><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<table style=\"border-collapse:collapse;width:100%;font-size:15px;line-height:1.5;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>Cross-section \u2264144 in\u00b2 (\u2248929 cm\u00b2)<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">Rm <b>\u2265690 MPa (100 ksi)<\/b> \u00b7 Rp0.2 <b>\u2265380 MPa (55 ksi)<\/b> \u00b7 Elongation (4D) <b>\u226535 %<\/b> \u00b7 Reduction of area <b>\u226555 %<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\"><b>Cross-section 144\u2013324 in\u00b2<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">Rm <b>\u2265655 MPa (95 ksi)<\/b> \u00b7 Rp0.2 <b>\u2265345 MPa (50 ksi)<\/b> \u00b7 Elongation <b>\u226530 %<\/b> \u00b7 RA <b>\u226545 %<\/b> \u2014 <b>the minimums fall as the section grows; tables that omit this are incomplete<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>Hardness<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>\u2264241 HB<\/b> \u00b7 <b>\u2264100 HRB<\/b>. <b>Common error:<\/b> a secondary sheet prints \u201chardness 293\u201d. <b>293 HB is not an ASTM annealed limit<\/b>; some European-route sheets show \u2264279 HBW (and that is for 1.3964). <b>Always write the scale and the document<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\"><b>A193 B8R bolting<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">All diameters, Class 1C and 1D: Rm <b>\u2265690 MPa (100 ksi)<\/b> \u00b7 Rp0.2 <b>\u2265380 MPa (55 ksi)<\/b> \u00b7 Elongation (4D) <b>\u226535 %<\/b> \u00b7 RA <b>\u226555 %<\/b> \u00b7 hardness <b>\u2264271 HBW \/ \u226428 HRC<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>Hot rolled (European route, single source)<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">Rm <b>\u2265690 MPa<\/b> \u00b7 Rp0.2 <b>\u2265415 MPa<\/b> \u00b7 A <b>\u226530 %<\/b> \u00b7 Z <b>\u226550 %<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\"><b>Strain hardened (European route, single source)<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">Rm <b>\u2265825 MPa<\/b> \u00b7 Rp0.2 <b>\u2265725 MPa<\/b> \u00b7 A <b>\u226515 %<\/b> \u00b7 Z <b>\u226545 %<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"border:1px solid #d7dfe4;background:#ffffff;margin:24px 0 18px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\">\n<div style=\"background:#DD3333;color:#ffffff;font-size:13px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.04em;text-transform:uppercase;padding:10px 12px;line-height:1.35;\">2) HOT-WORKED HIGH STRENGTH \u2014 MILL SPECIFICATION, NOT A STANDARD<\/div>\n<p><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<table style=\"border-collapse:collapse;width:100%;font-size:15px;line-height:1.5;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>HS \u00b7 \u201cHigh Strength\u201d<\/b> (\u230012.7\u2013254 mm \/ \u00bd\u201310 in)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">Rp0.2 <b>\u2265724 MPa (105 ksi)<\/b> \u00b7 Rm <b>\u2265931 MPa (135 ksi)<\/b> \u00b7 Elongation <b>\u226520 %<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\"><b>XHS \/ SHS \u00b7 \u201cSuper High Strength\u201d<\/b> (\u230025.4\u2013254 mm \/ 1\u201310 in)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">Rp0.2 <b>\u2265827 MPa (120 ksi)<\/b> \u00b7 Rm <b>\u2265965 MPa (140 ksi)<\/b> \u00b7 Elongation <b>\u226522 %<\/b> \u00b7 hardness <b>\u226435 HRC<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>UHS \u00b7 \u201cUltra High Strength\u201d<\/b> (\u230089\u2013152 mm \/ 3\u00bd\u20136 in)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">Rp0.2 <b>\u2265965 MPa (140 ksi)<\/b> \u00b7 Rm <b>\u22651035 MPa (150 ksi)<\/b> \u00b7 Elongation <b>\u226520 %<\/b> \u00b7 hardness <b>\u226440 HRC<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\"><b>How it is produced<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\"><b>By proprietary hot working practice<\/b> \u2014 not by cold drawing and not by heat treatment. That is why properties are <b>more uniform through the section<\/b> and are achievable in large diameters<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>WHAT IS FORBIDDEN<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>Further hot work, heat treatment and welding take the strength back.<\/b> That is the producer\u2019s own statement. <b>Do not build a welded structure from XHS bar<\/b>; your design drops to annealed values<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\"><b>The HS level also has a different chemistry<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\"><b>C \u22640.03<\/b> (not ASTM 0.06) \u00b7 <b>S \u22640.010<\/b> (not ASTM 0.030) \u00b7 <b>Si 0.20\u20130.60 (with a minimum)<\/b>. So HS material is <b>both stronger and a cleaner steel<\/b> \u2014 and an ASTM annealed certificate cannot demonstrate that<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>The NACE trap<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">NACE MR0175\/ISO 15156-3 accepts S20910 at a <b>maximum of 35 HRC<\/b>. <b>HS and XHS comply (\u226435 HRC). UHS DOES NOT (\u226440 HRC).<\/b> There is no such product as \u201cNACE-compliant Nitronic 50 UHS\u201d \u2014 put that line in the order acknowledgement<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"border:1px solid #d7dfe4;background:#ffffff;margin:24px 0 18px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\">\n<div style=\"background:#DD3333;color:#ffffff;font-size:13px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.04em;text-transform:uppercase;padding:10px 12px;line-height:1.35;\">3) COLD-WORKED LEVELS \u2014 A SECOND FAMILY OF MILL SPECIFICATIONS<\/div>\n<p><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<table style=\"border-collapse:collapse;width:100%;font-size:15px;line-height:1.5;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>Level 1 \u2192 5 (Rm \/ Rp0.2 \/ A \/ Z)<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>1:<\/b> 758 \/ 620 MPa (110 \/ 90 ksi) \/ 35 % \/ 55 % \u00b7 <b>2:<\/b> 930 \/ 724 MPa (135 \/ 105 ksi) \/ 20 % \/ 50 % \u00b7 <b>3:<\/b> 1103 \/ 896 MPa (160 \/ 130 ksi) \/ 15 % \/ 45 % \u00b7 <b>4:<\/b> 1241 \/ 999 MPa (180 \/ 145 ksi) \/ 12 % \/ 45 % \u00b7 <b>5:<\/b> 1379 \/ 1241 MPa (200 \/ 180 ksi) \/ 10 % \/ 45 %<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\"><b>Caution<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">These levels are <b>another producer\u2019s mill specifications<\/b> and are <b>not the same thing<\/b> as the HS\/XHS\/UHS above. Level 2\u2019s yield (724 MPa) is numerically identical to HS, but the <b>production route differs<\/b> (cold work versus hot work). Cold-worked material carries more pronounced <b>residual stress and directionality<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>Non-magnetism survives here too<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>It does not become magnetic even after severe cold work.<\/b> This is where it parts company with 304\/316: in those, cold work produces deformation martensite and permeability rises. In XM-19 nitrogen stabilises the austenite so completely that <b>no transformation occurs even down to \u2212240 \u00b0C<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<p style=\"margin:18px 0 6px;font-size:15px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;line-height:1.5;\">Typical mill values and cryogenic behaviour \u2014 NOT GUARANTEED<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 12px;font-size:15px;line-height:1.75;\">A secondary source reports, for annealed XM-19, <b>Rm 827 MPa, Rp0.2 448 MPa, elongation 45 % at room temperature (24 \u00b0C)<\/b> and <b>Rm 1558 MPa, Rp0.2 883 MPa, elongation 40 % at \u2212196 \u00b0C<\/b>. <b>These are single-sourced<\/b> and are <b>typical measurements<\/b>, not specification minimums. What they describe is nonetheless true and important: <b>at cryogenic temperature the strength nearly doubles while elongation stays at 40 %<\/b> \u2014 there is no ductile-to-brittle transition. No ferritic or martensitic steel can do that. <b>In LNG, liquid oxygen and superconducting magnet structures, this is what the alloy is actually selling.<\/b><\/p>\n<h4 id=\"dm-b6\" style=\"font-size:19px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;margin:30px 0 10px;line-height:1.35;\">Physical Properties<\/h4>\n<div style=\"border:1px solid #d7dfe4;background:#ffffff;margin:24px 0 18px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\">\n<div style=\"background:#DD3333;color:#ffffff;font-size:13px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.04em;text-transform:uppercase;padding:10px 12px;line-height:1.35;\">Physical Properties \u00b7 Nitronic 50 (S20910)<\/div>\n<p><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<table style=\"border-collapse:collapse;width:100%;font-size:15px;line-height:1.5;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>Density<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>7.88 g\/cm\u00b3<\/b> (0.285 lb\/in\u00b3) \u2014 multiple independent publishers. <b>Warning [conflict]:<\/b> a widely mirrored producer sheet prints <b>\u201c7.68 g\/cm\u00b3 or 0.285 lb\/in\u00b3\u201d<\/b>. Those two <b>cannot<\/b> be the same number: 0.285 lb\/in\u00b3 = 7.88 g\/cm\u00b3. <b>7.68 is a typographic error; use 7.88<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\"><b>Modulus of elasticity<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\"><b>193 GPa<\/b> (28.0 \u00d7 10\u2076 psi) \u2014 producer value. <b>[conflict]<\/b> a European-route sheet gives <b>200 GPa<\/b>. The difference is not negligible in design; <b>state which document you used<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>Electrical resistivity<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>80\u201382 \u00b5\u03a9\u00b7cm<\/b> (21 \u00b0C). Three independent sources give 80, 81 and 82 \u2014 <b>good agreement<\/b>. About <b>10 % above 316L<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\"><b>Thermal conductivity<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\"><b>\u224814\u201315 W\/m\u00b7K<\/b> (room temperature). Sources give 14.0 and 15; one secondary source writes a 12\u201314 band. <b>Less than one third of carbon steel<\/b> \u2014 heat stays in the tool, which is the subject of the machining section<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>Specific heat<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>\u2248500 J\/kg\u00b7K<\/b> \u2014 single source<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\"><b>Mean thermal expansion<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">Producer table (in\/in\/\u00b0F \u00d7 10\u207b\u2076): 21\u201393 \u00b0C <b>9.0<\/b> \u00b7 21\u2013204 \u00b0C <b>9.2<\/b> \u00b7 21\u2013316 \u00b0C <b>9.6<\/b> \u00b7 21\u2013427 \u00b0C <b>9.9<\/b> \u00b7 21\u2013538 \u00b0C <b>10.2<\/b> \u00b7 21\u2013649 \u00b0C <b>10.5<\/b> \u00b7 21\u2013760 \u00b0C <b>10.8<\/b> \u00b7 21\u2013871 \u00b0C <b>11.1<\/b>. <b>Metric equivalent \u224816.2 \u2192 20.0 \u00d7 10\u207b\u2076\/K<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>Melting range<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>1399\u20131427 \u00b0C<\/b> (2550\u20132600 \u00b0F)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\"><b>MAGNETIC PERMEABILITY \u2014 the flagship property<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\"><b>\u00b5r = 1.002\u20131.004<\/b> \u2014 <b>annealed OR cold worked<\/b>. Producer measurement at 50\u2013200 Oersted: <b>1.004<\/b>. <b>Severe cold work does not spoil it<\/b> and <b>cryogenic cooling does not spoil it<\/b> \u2014 that is the real point of separation from 304\/316<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>Cryogenic permeability cusp<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">A cusp is observed at approximately <b>\u2212240 \u00b0C reaching \u00b5r \u22481.0073<\/b>, then it falls again. <b>The supermagnetic behaviour of the 300 series is not seen.<\/b> Worth publishing for superconducting magnet structures<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\"><b>WELD METAL PERMEABILITY<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\"><b>\u22481.2<\/b> (shielded metal arc), ferrite number <b>FN \u22486<\/b>. <b>That is two hundred times the base metal\u2019s 1.004 in difference terms.<\/b> On an assembly with a non-magnetic requirement, <b>the welds must be measured<\/b>. Almost no distributor sheet says this<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<h4 id=\"dm-b7\" style=\"font-size:19px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;margin:30px 0 10px;line-height:1.35;\">Heat Treatment and Thermal Stability<\/h4>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 12px;font-size:15px;line-height:1.75;\"><b>Basic rule: XM-19 cannot be hardened by heat treatment.<\/b> It is austenitic; there is no transformation hardening. Its only heat treatment is a <b>solution anneal<\/b>, and its purpose is not to harden but to <b>soften and restore corrosion resistance<\/b>. Strength comes either from nitrogen (annealed) or from <b>mechanical work<\/b>.<\/p>\n<div style=\"border:1px solid #d7dfe4;background:#ffffff;margin:24px 0 18px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\">\n<div style=\"background:#DD3333;color:#ffffff;font-size:13px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.04em;text-transform:uppercase;padding:10px 12px;line-height:1.35;\">Solution Anneal \u2014 TWO Temperatures, TWO Different Purposes<\/div>\n<p><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<table style=\"border-collapse:collapse;width:100%;font-size:15px;line-height:1.5;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>1066 \u00b0C (1950 \u00b0F) + water quench<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>Higher strength plus adequate corrosion resistance.<\/b> The general-purpose choice. Grain growth stays limited, so yield comes out higher<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\"><b>1121 \u00b0C (2050 \u00b0F) + water quench<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\"><b>For severely corrosive media and for AS-WELDED service.<\/b> A more complete solutioning; carbides and precipitates dissolve fully. The price: <b>coarser grain and somewhat lower yield<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>Do not blur these<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>Write whichever anneal temperature the specification calls for.<\/b> One producer publishes an \u201cin-process anneal\u201d practice at <b>1105 \u00b0C (2025 \u00b0F)<\/b>. A sheet that writes \u201c1950\u20132050 \u00b0F\u201d is correct but <b>incomplete<\/b>: it does not say which end is for what<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\"><b>Forging temperature<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\"><b>1175\u20131230 \u00b0C (2150\u20132250 \u00b0F)<\/b>. A <b>solution anneal after forging is mandatory<\/b> \u2014 except for the HS\/XHS\/UHS levels, where the special practice provides the strength and annealing would remove it<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>Hardening<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>Cannot be hardened by heat treatment.<\/b> Any hardness increase comes only from cold work \/ strain hardening, and it <b>consumes ductility irreversibly<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<p style=\"margin:18px 0 6px;font-size:15px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;line-height:1.5;\">Sensitisation \u2014 better than you would expect<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 12px;font-size:15px;line-height:1.75;\"><b>At C \u22640.06 %, XM-19 is not a \u201clow carbon\u201d grade<\/b> \u2014 it is twice 316L\u2019s \u22640.030 %. It is nevertheless resistant to sensitisation, and the reason is <b>Nb + V stabilisation<\/b>: niobium and vanadium tie carbon up in their own carbides and carbonitrides, leaving chromium free at the grain boundary.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 12px;font-size:15px;line-height:1.75;\"><b>What the producer measured:<\/b> ASTM <b>A262 Practice B<\/b> (ferric sulphate\u2013sulphuric acid) \u2014 <b>0.0009 in.\/month annealed at 1105 \u00b0C<\/b>; <b>0.0022 in.\/month after 1105 \u00b0C anneal plus a 1-hour sensitising cycle at 675 \u00b0C<\/b>. <b>A262 Practice E<\/b> (copper-accelerated) \u2014 <b>passed in both conditions<\/b>. So <b>one hour at 675 \u00b0C raised the rate 2.4\u00d7 but did not open the material to intergranular attack<\/b>. That cannot be said of 316 (non-L).<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 12px;font-size:15px;line-height:1.75;\"><b>Even so:<\/b> this does <b>not<\/b> mean the alloy is suited to continuous service in the 500\u2013900 \u00b0C band. A one-hour cycle and ten thousand hours of service are not the same thing. For the long-term effect of that band, see the conflict below.<\/p>\n<div style=\"border:1px solid #d7dfe4;background:#ffffff;margin:24px 0 18px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\">\n<div style=\"background:#DD3333;color:#ffffff;font-size:13px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.04em;text-transform:uppercase;padding:10px 12px;line-height:1.35;\">High Temperature \u2014 THERE IS A CONFLICT; KNOW BOTH SIDES<\/div>\n<p><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<table style=\"border-collapse:collapse;width:100%;font-size:15px;line-height:1.5;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>The producer\u2019s statement<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">\u201c<b>Excellent mechanical properties up to 649 \u00b0C (1200 \u00b0F).<\/b>\u201d That is a <b>short-term mechanical capability<\/b> statement<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\"><b>The counter-claim (single source)<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">One secondary publisher writes \u201c<b>not recommended for continuous service above approximately 400 \u00b0C because of sigma phase formation<\/b>\u201d. <b>Not independently verified, and in direct conflict with the producer\u2019s statement<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>What the metallurgy says<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>Sigma phase formation in Nitronic 50 and in the Nitronic 50W weld metal is a studied subject in the scientific literature<\/b> \u2014 so the phenomenon is real. <b>We could not verify the temperature\u2013time window numerically in this research; do not publish a curve or a \u201csafe time\u201d<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\"><b>Practical advice<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">Continuous high-temperature service <b>is not the reason to buy this alloy.<\/b> XM-19 is bought for <b>strength + non-magnetism + chloride<\/b>. For sustained service above 500 \u00b0C, look at alloys actually designed for it, such as <a href=\"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/en\/incoloy-800h\/\">800H<\/a> or <a href=\"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/en\/inconel-625\/\">625<\/a>. <b>Do not convert a capability figure into a design temperature<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>And a unit error<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">A widely mirrored producer PDF writes \u201c1200 \u00b0F (<b>629 \u00b0C<\/b>)\u201d. <b>1200 \u00b0F = 649 \u00b0C<\/b>, not 629. A small error, but it has propagated by copying<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<h4 id=\"dm-b8\" style=\"font-size:19px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;margin:30px 0 10px;line-height:1.35;\">Welding<\/h4>\n<div style=\"border:1px solid #d7dfe4;background:#ffffff;margin:24px 0 18px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\">\n<div style=\"background:#DD3333;color:#ffffff;font-size:13px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.04em;text-transform:uppercase;padding:10px 12px;line-height:1.35;\">Welding \u00b7 Nitronic 50<\/div>\n<p><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<table style=\"border-collapse:collapse;width:100%;font-size:15px;line-height:1.5;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>Recommended processes<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>GTAW\/TIG, GMAW\/MIG, SMAW<\/b> \u2014 all the arc processes used on austenitic stainless steels<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\"><b>DEFINITELY NOT RECOMMENDED<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\"><b>Electron beam (EB) and LASER welding.<\/b> Two separate reasons: (1) these processes use no filler and XM-19\u2019s own ferrite number potential is low (<b>FN \u22482<\/b>) \u2014 an autogenous bead is therefore prone to hot cracking; (2) <b>severe outgassing under vacuum<\/b>: the alloy carries 0.20\u20130.40 % nitrogen and a pool melting in vacuum loses it, <b>producing porosity and lowering weld strength<\/b>. <b>Neither line appears on almost any distributor sheet<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>Matching filler<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>AWS A5.9 ER209<\/b> (UNS <b>S20980<\/b>) \u2014 trade name <b>Nitronic 50W<\/b>. Covered electrode: <b>AWS A5.4 E209<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\"><b>Alternative fillers and their cost<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\"><b>308L<\/b> or <b>309<\/b> can be used \u2014 but <b>both strength and corrosion resistance drop<\/b>. The yield of 308L weld metal is about half the base metal\u2019s, so <b>you cannot obtain a full-strength joint<\/b>. If 209 filler is unavailable, <b>account for it in the design<\/b>; do not assume \u201cstainless is stainless\u201d<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>Preheat<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>Not required.<\/b> The producer\u2019s wording: \u201cgood weld joint properties can be obtained without necessity of preheat or post-weld annealing\u201d<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\"><b>Interpass temperature<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">One secondary source writes <b>\u2264150 \u00b0C<\/b> \u2014 <b>single-sourced<\/b>. It is consistent with austenitic stainless practice and sensible, but <b>could not be verified from a producer document<\/b>. If it goes into your procedure, support it with your own qualification<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>PWHT \/ stress relief<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>Normally not required.<\/b> If a full solution anneal is wanted for corrosive service, use <b>1121 \u00b0C (2050 \u00b0F) + water quench<\/b> \u2014 <b>do not<\/b> apply an intermediate-temperature \u201cstress relief\u201d; it does nothing except park the material in the precipitation range<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\"><b>Heavy section<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">Successful joints have been published in 1.25 in (32 mm) plate with SMAW and MIG spray transfer. <b>Use narrow stringer beads<\/b> \u2014 the producer explicitly recommends this to preserve ductility<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>GTA weld performance<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">Producer data: GTA welds have <b>mechanical properties similar to the base metal<\/b> and their <b>A262 Practice C (Huey test) corrosion performance matches the base metal<\/b>. Good news, and worth publishing<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<p style=\"margin:18px 0 6px;font-size:15px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;line-height:1.5;\">What actually goes wrong<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 12px;font-size:15px;line-height:1.75;\"><b>1. A \u201cnon-magnetic assembly\u201d order and magnetic weld beads.<\/b> The most common and most expensive misunderstanding. Base metal <b>\u00b5r = 1.004<\/b>; SMAW <b>weld metal \u00b5r \u22481.2<\/b>. The reason is that a sound, crack-free bead deliberately contains <b>some ferrite (FN \u22486)<\/b> \u2014 and ferrite is magnetic. <b>Ask for zero-ferrite filler and you buy hot cracking risk.<\/b> If the specification carries a \u00b5r ceiling, resolve it in <b>weld procedure qualification<\/b>, not after shipment.<br \/><b>2. Welding high-strength material.<\/b> The strength of HS\/XHS\/UHS and the cold-worked levels comes from <b>mechanical work<\/b>. The heat-affected zone is <b>locally annealed<\/b> and the strength you paid for <b>falls back to annealed values<\/b> there. The producer\u2019s own warning: <b>further hot work, heat treatment and welding cannot be applied to these levels.<\/b> For welded design, <b>calculate with 380 MPa yield<\/b>.<br \/><b>3. Autogenous (no-filler) TIG.<\/b> Common on thin-wall tube and sheet. XM-19\u2019s <b>FN potential is \u22482<\/b>; a filler-free bead solidifies essentially fully austenitic and is <b>prone to hot (solidification) cracking<\/b>. <b>Use ER209 filler.<\/b><br \/><b>4. Nitrogen loss.<\/b> Inadequate shielding or a long arc lets nitrogen escape from the pool. In this alloy nitrogen means <b>strength, austenite stability and pitting resistance<\/b> at once; all three weaken. <b>Take shielding gas and back-purge discipline seriously.<\/b><br \/><b>5. Sending as-welded material into corrosive service.<\/b> For as-welded use the producer calls for the <b>1121 \u00b0C (2050 \u00b0F)<\/b> anneal, not 1066 \u00b0C. Chloride, sulphur, zinc and copper contamination (marking pens, taped labels, galvanised lifting blocks) must also be <b>removed before welding<\/b>.<\/p>\n<h4 id=\"dm-b9\" style=\"font-size:19px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;margin:30px 0 10px;line-height:1.35;\">Machining<\/h4>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 12px;font-size:15px;line-height:1.75;\"><b>It has to be said plainly: XM-19 is a difficult material to machine, and that is the invisible part of its purchase cost.<\/b> The producer\u2019s own measurement is unambiguous: <b>approximately 21 % of the cutting rate of B1112 free-machining steel<\/b>. For scale, 316L sits roughly in the 36\u201345 % band on the same scale \u2014 so <b>XM-19 machines at about half the speed of 316L<\/b>.<\/p>\n<div style=\"border:1px solid #d7dfe4;background:#ffffff;margin:24px 0 18px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\">\n<div style=\"background:#DD3333;color:#ffffff;font-size:13px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.04em;text-transform:uppercase;padding:10px 12px;line-height:1.35;\">Machining \u00b7 Nitronic 50 (starting guidance)<\/div>\n<p><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<table style=\"border-collapse:collapse;width:100%;font-size:15px;line-height:1.5;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>Cutting speed \u2014 rule of thumb<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>With HSS tooling, roughly HALF the SFM you use for 304 or 316.<\/b> That is the producer\u2019s direct statement. Coated carbide closes part of the gap<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\"><b>Tooling<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\"><b>Coated carbide recommended<\/b> (the producer\u2019s explicit advice). HSS can be used but the speed penalty is heavy. Thick-CVD-coated, medium-toughness grades are the typical pick<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>Work hardening<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>More susceptible to work hardening than 304 and 316.<\/b> That single sentence governs the whole machining strategy<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\"><b>Rigidity<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\"><b>Requires more rigid tooling and shorter overhang than 304\/316.<\/b> Chatter here does not merely spoil the surface \u2014 it <b>produces a work-hardened skin and makes the next pass impossible<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>Governing rule<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>Positive cutting action; never dwell, never rub.<\/b> A stalled feed burnishes the surface and leaves a hard layer beneath. <b>The right response is to lower speed, not feed<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\"><b>Depth of cut<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\"><b>Cut beneath the work-hardened layer.<\/b> Shallow passes rub in the hardened skin and destroy the tool. Be generous in roughing and keep a steady depth in finishing<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>Coolant<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">Copious and pressurised. Thermal conductivity is <b>\u224814\u201315 W\/m\u00b7K<\/b>, less than a third of carbon steel: <b>the heat does not go into the part, it stays in the tool<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\"><b>Galling<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">Resistance is <b>similar to or slightly better than 316<\/b> \u2014 i.e. <b>not good<\/b>. For threaded connections, valve stem bearings and sliding surface pairs, specify <b>Nitronic 60 (S21800)<\/b> or apply a hard coating<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<h4 id=\"dm-b10\" style=\"font-size:19px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;margin:30px 0 10px;line-height:1.35;\">Corrosion \u2014 Where It Is Good and WHERE IT FAILS<\/h4>\n<p><!-- dm-diy-kars --><\/p>\n<div style=\"border:1px solid #e3e9ec;margin:22px 0 26px;background:#fff;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\">\n<div style=\"background:#12303f;color:#fff;padding:9px 14px;font-size:14px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.3px;position:relative;z-index:2;\">NITRONIC 50 \u2014 COMPARED WITH 304, 316, 303 AND 904L<\/div>\n<div style=\"position:relative;z-index:2;\">\n<div style=\"padding:10px 14px 0;font-size:12.5px;color:#5b7180;line-height:1.7;\">CRITERION: (A) STRENGTH \u2014 ASTM A479 \/ A479M annealed bar SPECIFICATION MINIMUMS, FROM ONE AND THE SAME TABLE, at room temperature. (B) CORROSION RESISTANCE \u2014 the Cr, Mo, N and Cu contents taken from the composition tables of the same specifications, together with PUBLISHED PREN values (formula: PREN = %Cr + 3.3\u00d7%Mo + 16\u00d7%N, NeoNickel). (C) HOW THE STRENGTH IS OBTAINED \u2014 qualitative, in the manufacturers&#8217; own words. THE BLOCKS ARE NOT SUMMED AND NOT PUT ON ONE AXIS.<\/div>\n<div style=\"padding:8px 12px 0;font-size:13.5px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">A \u00b7 STRENGTH \u2014 ASTM A479\/A479M annealed bar minimums (SAME TABLE, Boltport)<\/div>\n<div style=\"padding:2px 12px 0;font-size:12px;color:#5b7180;line-height:1.6;\">The values are SPECIFICATION MINIMUMS, not typical values. No row is a cold-worked condition.<\/div>\n<div style=\"padding:12px 12px 2px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\"><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"overflow-x:auto;position:relative;z-index:2;\">\n<table style=\"width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:13.5px;min-width:430px;background:transparent;\">\n<tr>\n<th style=\"padding:7px 9px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:#12303f;background:#F2F6F8;border:1px solid #eceff1;\">Criterion<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding:7px 9px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:#12303f;background:#F2F6F8;border:1px solid #eceff1;\">Nitronic 50<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding:7px 9px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:#12303f;background:#F2F6F8;border:1px solid #eceff1;\">AISI 304<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding:7px 9px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:#12303f;background:#F2F6F8;border:1px solid #eceff1;\">AISI 316<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding:7px 9px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:#12303f;background:#F2F6F8;border:1px solid #eceff1;\">AISI 904L<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding:7px 9px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:#12303f;background:#F2F6F8;border:1px solid #eceff1;\">AISI 303<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding:7px 9px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:#12303f;background:#F2F6F8;border:1px solid #eceff1;\">Difference<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">Tensile strength minimum (MPa)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">690<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">515<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">515<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">490<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">NOT WITHIN A479<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">Nitronic 50 is 1.34 times 304\/316 and 1.41 times 904L.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">Yield strength minimum 0.2% (MPa)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">380<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">205<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">205<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">220<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">NOT WITHIN A479<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">Nitronic 50 is 1.85 times 304\/316. THE SOURCE OF THE GAIN IS NITROGEN, not precipitation hardening.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">Elongation minimum<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">35%<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">30%<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">30%<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">35%<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">NOT WITHIN A479<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">Nitronic 50 is more ductile than 304\/316 DESPITE being stronger.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">Reduction of area minimum<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">55%<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">40%<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">40%<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">not given<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">NOT WITHIN A479<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">15 points in favour of Nitronic 50.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">Hardness ceiling<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">293 HBW max.<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">not given<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">not given<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">not given<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">ASTM A582 Condition A: 262 HBW max.<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">A479 gives a hardness ceiling only for S20910.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"padding:8px 12px 0;font-size:13.5px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">B \u00b7 COMPOSITION AND CORROSION \u2014 ASTM specification tables and published PREN values<\/div>\n<div style=\"padding:2px 12px 0;font-size:12px;color:#5b7180;line-height:1.6;\">The composition figures are taken from the tables of ASTM A240 (304, 316, N08904), ASTM A479\/A276 (S20910) and ASTM A582 (S30300). PREN WAS NOT CALCULATED.<\/div>\n<div style=\"padding:12px 12px 2px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\"><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"overflow-x:auto;position:relative;z-index:2;\">\n<table style=\"width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:13.5px;min-width:430px;background:transparent;\">\n<tr>\n<th style=\"padding:7px 9px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:#12303f;background:#F2F6F8;border:1px solid #eceff1;\">Criterion<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding:7px 9px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:#12303f;background:#F2F6F8;border:1px solid #eceff1;\">Nitronic 50<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding:7px 9px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:#12303f;background:#F2F6F8;border:1px solid #eceff1;\">AISI 304<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding:7px 9px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:#12303f;background:#F2F6F8;border:1px solid #eceff1;\">AISI 316<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding:7px 9px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:#12303f;background:#F2F6F8;border:1px solid #eceff1;\">AISI 904L<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding:7px 9px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:#12303f;background:#F2F6F8;border:1px solid #eceff1;\">AISI 303<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding:7px 9px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:#12303f;background:#F2F6F8;border:1px solid #eceff1;\">Difference<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">Chromium (Cr)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">20.5-23.5%<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">17.5-19.5%<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">16.0-18.0%<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">19.0-23.0%<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">17.0-19.0%<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">Nitronic 50 carries the HIGHEST chromium ceiling of these five.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">Molybdenum (Mo)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">1.50-3.00%<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">none<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">2.00-3.00%<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">4.00-5.00%<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">none<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">The molybdenum of Nitronic 50 is in the same band as 316 and about half that of 904L.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">Nitrogen (N)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">0.20-0.40% (DELIBERATE)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">\u22640.10% (ceiling)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">\u22640.10% (ceiling)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">\u22640.10% (ceiling)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">not specified<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">THE ONLY DELIBERATE NITROGEN ADDITION IS IN NITRONIC 50. Its coefficient in the PREN formula is 16; it raises strength and pitting resistance together.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">Copper (Cu)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">not specified<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">not specified<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">not specified<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">1.00-2.00% (DELIBERATE)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">\u22641.00%<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">Reducing acid resistance is the domain of 904L, not of Nitronic 50.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">Manganese (Mn)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">4.0-6.0%<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">\u22642.00%<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">\u22642.00%<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">\u22642.00%<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">\u22642.00%<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">The high manganese raises the solubility of nitrogen; this is why Nitronic 50 can carry up to 0.40% nitrogen.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">Published PREN value<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">no single published value found<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">19 (Langley Alloys)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">25 (Langley Alloys, for 316L)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">35 (ISSF\/worldstainless)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">no single published value found<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">Because no published PREN number could be found for Nitronic 50, NO CALCULATION WAS PERFORMED and the field is left empty. The qualitative comparison is in block D.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"padding:8px 12px 0;font-size:13.5px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">C \u00b7 HOW STRENGTH IS OBTAINED \u2014 the metallurgy shared by all five<\/div>\n<div style=\"padding:2px 12px 0;font-size:12px;color:#5b7180;line-height:1.6;\">This is the common statement of manufacturer technical bulletins; it is not a laboratory table.<\/div>\n<div style=\"padding:12px 12px 2px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\"><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"overflow-x:auto;position:relative;z-index:2;\">\n<table style=\"width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:13.5px;min-width:430px;background:transparent;\">\n<tr>\n<th style=\"padding:7px 9px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:#12303f;background:#F2F6F8;border:1px solid #eceff1;\">Criterion<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding:7px 9px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:#12303f;background:#F2F6F8;border:1px solid #eceff1;\">Nitronic 50<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding:7px 9px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:#12303f;background:#F2F6F8;border:1px solid #eceff1;\">AISI 304<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding:7px 9px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:#12303f;background:#F2F6F8;border:1px solid #eceff1;\">AISI 316<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding:7px 9px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:#12303f;background:#F2F6F8;border:1px solid #eceff1;\">AISI 904L<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding:7px 9px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:#12303f;background:#F2F6F8;border:1px solid #eceff1;\">AISI 303<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding:7px 9px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:#12303f;background:#F2F6F8;border:1px solid #eceff1;\">Difference<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">Is it precipitation hardenable?<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">NO<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">NO<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">NO<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">NO<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">NO<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">ALL FIVE ARE AUSTENITIC. None has an ageing step such as H900 or H1075.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">Delivery condition<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">Solution annealed + water quenched<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">Solution annealed + rapidly cooled<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">Solution annealed + rapidly cooled<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">Solution annealed + water quenched<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">Solution annealed + water quenched (ASTM A582 Condition A)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">The delivery condition follows the same logic in all five: anneal, cool fast.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">How is extra strength obtained?<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">Nitrogen (in the composition) + cold or warm work<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">Cold work<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">Cold work<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">Cold work<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">Cold work<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">What sets Nitronic 50 apart is that MOST of the strength comes from the composition (from nitrogen) and cold work is added ON TOP of it. That is why even in the annealed condition it gives nearly twice the yield of 304\/316.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">Name of the high-strength condition<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">HS \/ SHS \/ EHS \u2014 a COLD or WARM WORKING condition<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">Cold-drawn temper<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">Cold-drawn temper<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">Cold-drawn temper<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">Cold-drawn temper<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">HS IS NOT AN AGEING TREATMENT; it is reversed by annealing.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"padding:8px 12px 0;font-size:13.5px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">D \u00b7 SERVICE CLASS \u2014 qualitative distinction<\/div>\n<div style=\"padding:2px 12px 0;font-size:12px;color:#5b7180;line-height:1.6;\">This is the common statement of manufacturer technical bulletins.<\/div>\n<div style=\"padding:12px 12px 2px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\"><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"overflow-x:auto;position:relative;z-index:2;\">\n<table style=\"width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:13.5px;min-width:430px;background:transparent;\">\n<tr>\n<th style=\"padding:7px 9px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:#12303f;background:#F2F6F8;border:1px solid #eceff1;\">Criterion<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding:7px 9px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:#12303f;background:#F2F6F8;border:1px solid #eceff1;\">Nitronic 50<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding:7px 9px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:#12303f;background:#F2F6F8;border:1px solid #eceff1;\">AISI 304<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding:7px 9px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:#12303f;background:#F2F6F8;border:1px solid #eceff1;\">AISI 316<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding:7px 9px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:#12303f;background:#F2F6F8;border:1px solid #eceff1;\">AISI 904L<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding:7px 9px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:#12303f;background:#F2F6F8;border:1px solid #eceff1;\">AISI 303<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding:7px 9px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:#12303f;background:#F2F6F8;border:1px solid #eceff1;\">Difference<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">Chloride \/ seawater<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">Suitable \u2014 Rolled Alloys says &#8216;better corrosion resistance than 317L&#8217; and names seawater applications<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">Not suitable<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">Limited in warm seawater<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">Suitable \u2014 ISSF says a PRE of 35 gives good resistance to warm seawater<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">Not suitable<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">Nitronic 50 and 904L are in the seawater class; 303 and 304 are not.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">Reducing acid (sulphuric, phosphoric)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">Carries no copper \u2014 this is not its domain<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">Not suitable<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">Limited<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">ITS PRIMARY DOMAIN (copper addition)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">Not suitable<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">904L is the grade for this service; Nitronic 50 is not an acid material.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">High strength requirement<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">ITS PRIMARY DOMAIN (380 MPa yield when annealed)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">Low (205 MPa)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">Low (205 MPa)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">Low (220 MPa)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">Not within A479<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">For corrosion work that also demands strength, the grade to pick is Nitronic 50.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;\">Magnetic response<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">Stays non-magnetic even after severe cold work (Rolled Alloys)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">Can become magnetic with cold work<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">Can become slightly magnetic with cold work<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">Non-magnetic<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">Can become magnetic with cold work<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(247,250,251,.78);color:#3d5260;\">If a non-magnetic high-strength part is required, Nitronic 50 stands out.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"padding:10px 12px 2px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\"><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"position:relative;z-index:2;\">\n<div style=\"font-size:13.5px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;margin:6px 0 6px;\">Additional information<\/div>\n<table style=\"width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:13.5px;background:transparent;\">\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:34%;vertical-align:top;\">Compared with<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:6px 9px;border:1px solid #eceff1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.72);color:#3d5260;\">Nitronic 50 (S20910 \u00b7 XM-19) \u2014 AISI 304 (S30400) \u2014 AISI 316 (S31600) \u2014 AISI 904L (N08904 \u00b7 1.4539) \u2014 AISI 303 (S30300 \u00b7 1.4305)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"padding:6px 14px 12px;font-size:12px;color:#5b7180;line-height:1.7;border-top:1px solid #f0f3f5;position:relative;z-index:2;\">RULE: every block is read from A SINGLE SOURCE TABLE. 303 IS ABSENT from block A because ASTM A479 does not cover free-machining grades; its base is ASTM A582, and A582 gives a hardness ceiling rather than tensile and yield minimums. Every block is read from a single source table; the blocks are not summed. 303 does not appear in the strength block because it is not within ASTM A479. No published PREN value could be found for Nitronic 50, so that field is left empty. All five grades are austenitic and none of them is precipitation hardenable.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><!-- \/dm-diy-kars --><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 12px;font-size:15px;line-height:1.75;\"><b>XM-19 is a passive-film alloy<\/b>: protection comes from the chromium oxide film, and molybdenum and nitrogen stabilise that film against chloride. Its behaviour therefore sits <b>in the same family as 316L, only stronger<\/b> \u2014 do not look here for the behaviour of a nickel-base reducing-acid alloy.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:18px 0 6px;font-size:15px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;line-height:1.5;\">PREN \u2014 read the number correctly<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 12px;font-size:15px;line-height:1.75;\"><b>PREN = %Cr + 3.3 \u00d7 %Mo + 16 \u00d7 %N.<\/b> Calculated from the ends of XM-19\u2019s specification bands: <b>lower corner \u224828.7<\/b> (Cr 20.5 \u00b7 Mo 1.50 \u00b7 N 0.20) and <b>upper corner \u224839.8<\/b> (Cr 23.5 \u00b7 Mo 3.00 \u00b7 N 0.40). A <b>typical commercial heat lands at \u224833\u201335<\/b>. Published secondary values of <b>31\u201340<\/b> and \u201c>34\u201d are consistent with that calculation.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 12px;font-size:15px;line-height:1.75;\"><b>Now the honest part.<\/b> 316L\u2019s PREN is typically <b>23\u201328<\/b>; 2205 duplex is typically <b>33\u201335<\/b>. So <b>XM-19\u2019s PREN sits in the same band as 2205<\/b>, and many pages conclude from this that \u201cXM-19 \u2248 duplex\u201d. <b>That conclusion is wrong<\/b>, because <b>PREN predicts pitting initiation; it does not predict stress corrosion cracking<\/b>. The SCC data below shows exactly that.<\/p>\n<div style=\"border:1px solid #d7dfe4;background:#ffffff;margin:24px 0 18px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\">\n<div style=\"background:#DD3333;color:#ffffff;font-size:13px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.04em;text-transform:uppercase;padding:10px 12px;line-height:1.35;\">Pitting and Crevice Corrosion \u2014 GENUINELY GOOD HERE (10 % FeCl\u2083, 25 \u00b0C)<\/div>\n<p><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<table style=\"border-collapse:collapse;width:100%;font-size:15px;line-height:1.5;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>Plain specimen<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">XM-19 <b>&lt;0.001 g\/in\u00b2<\/b> \u00b7 Type 316 <b>0.011 g\/in\u00b2<\/b> \u2014 <b>at least 11\u00d7 better<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\"><b>CREVICED specimen<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">XM-19 <b>&lt;0.001 g\/in\u00b2<\/b> \u00b7 Type 316 <b>0.186 g\/in\u00b2<\/b> \u2014 <b>at least 186\u00d7 better<\/b>. <b>This is where the real difference is.<\/b> The creviced ferric chloride test is the laboratory analogue of gasketed flanges, tube-to-tubesheet joints and under-deposit attack<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>What it means<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">In a chloride service with crevice geometry \u2014 a seawater pump casing, a gasketed joint, the underside of a pipe support \u2014 <b>the gap between XM-19 and 316 is an order of magnitude<\/b>. This is the alloy\u2019s strongest sales argument<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\"><b>Seawater<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">The producer reports <b>minimal crevice attack after an 18-month immersion test<\/b>. <b>No numeric critical pitting or crevice temperature (CPT\/CCT) value was found in this research \u2014 do not publish a CPT figure<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"border:1px solid #d7dfe4;background:#ffffff;margin:24px 0 18px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\">\n<div style=\"background:#DD3333;color:#ffffff;font-size:13px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.04em;text-transform:uppercase;padding:10px 12px;line-height:1.35;\">Chloride Stress Corrosion Cracking \u2014 IT FAILS HERE (boiling 42 % MgCl\u2082, time to failure)<\/div>\n<p><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<table style=\"border-collapse:collapse;width:100%;font-size:15px;line-height:1.5;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>At 75 ksi (517 MPa)<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">Type 304 annealed <b>0.2 h<\/b> \u00b7 <b>XM-19 annealed 0.4 h<\/b> \u00b7 Type 316 annealed <b>0.8 h<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\"><b>At 50 ksi (345 MPa)<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">Type 304 <b>0.3 h<\/b> \u00b7 <b>XM-19 1.2 h<\/b> \u00b7 Type 316 <b>2.5 h<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>At 25 ksi (172 MPa)<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">Type 304 <b>0.8 h<\/b> \u00b7 <b>XM-19 5.0 h<\/b> \u00b7 Type 316 <b>7.0 h<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\"><b>THE PRODUCER\u2019S OWN CONCLUSION<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">\u201c<b>Nitronic 50 is about as resistant to cracking as 316.<\/b>\u201d The data speaks slightly more bluntly than that: <b>at all three stress levels XM-19 failed BEFORE 316<\/b>. Better than 304, somewhat worse than 316<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>WHY it matters<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">Because <b>XM-19\u2019s PREN is far above 316L\u2019s<\/b> and many pages infer \u201ctherefore superior in SCC too\u201d. <b>It is not.<\/b> Chloride SCC depends on nickel content and phase structure; XM-19\u2019s nickel (11.5\u201313.5 %) is in the same band as 316L, and <b>a fully austenitic structure is the structure most open to SCC<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\"><b>WHAT TO DO<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">If chloride SCC is your governing problem, <b>XM-19 is not the answer.<\/b> Duplex \/ super duplex (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/en\/aisi-f53\/\">2507 \/ F53<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/en\/aisi-f55\/\">F55<\/a>) is <b>an order of magnitude<\/b> better here thanks to its two-phase structure; or move to a high-nickel alloy (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/en\/incoloy-825\/\">825<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/en\/inconel-625\/\">625<\/a>). <b>Buy XM-19 for strength + non-magnetism + pitting\/crevice, not for SCC<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"border:1px solid #d7dfe4;background:#ffffff;margin:24px 0 18px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;\">\n<div style=\"background:#DD3333;color:#ffffff;font-size:13px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.04em;text-transform:uppercase;padding:10px 12px;line-height:1.35;\">Acids \u2014 Producer Immersion Data (mm\/yr, converted from mils per year)<\/div>\n<p><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-dmwm=\"1\" style=\"position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-18deg);font-size:72px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#12303f;opacity:.05;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none;user-select:none;z-index:3;\">DEFENCE METAL<\/span><\/p>\n<table style=\"border-collapse:collapse;width:100%;font-size:15px;line-height:1.5;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>1 % H\u2082SO\u2084, 80 \u00b0C<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">XM-19 <b>&lt;0.025<\/b> \u00b7 316 <b>0.051<\/b> \u00b7 317L <b>&lt;0.025<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\"><b>5 % H\u2082SO\u2084, 80 \u00b0C<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">XM-19 <b>&lt;0.025<\/b> \u00b7 316 <b>1.52<\/b> \u00b7 317L <b>0.91<\/b> \u2014 <b>XM-19 is clearly ahead here<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>10 % H\u2082SO\u2084, 80 \u00b0C<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">XM-19 <b>0.71<\/b> \u00b7 316 <b>2.54<\/b> \u00b7 317L <b>1.24<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\"><b>20 % H\u2082SO\u2084, 80 \u00b0C<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">XM-19 <b>3.38<\/b> \u00b7 316 <b>12.2<\/b> \u00b7 317L <b>3.94<\/b> \u2014 <b>all three are at unacceptable rates<\/b>. Concentrated sulphuric is not this alloy\u2019s job<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>1 % HCl, 35 \u00b0C<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">XM-19 <b>&lt;0.025<\/b> \u00b7 316 <b>0.30<\/b> \u00b7 317L <b>0.051<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\"><b>2 % HCl, 35 \u00b0C<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">XM-19 <b>&lt;0.025<\/b> \u00b7 316 <b>0.53<\/b> \u00b7 317L <b>0.58<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>2 % HCl, 80 \u00b0C \u2014 WATCH THIS<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>XM-19 11.2<\/b> \u00b7 317L <b>6.68<\/b>. <b>Raise the temperature from 35 to 80 \u00b0C and XM-19 accelerates at least 450-fold AND falls BEHIND 317L.<\/b> Every page claiming \u201csuperior to 316L and 317L in all media\u201d is ignoring this row. <b>Hot hydrochloric acid is not this alloy\u2019s job<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\"><b>65 % HNO\u2083, boiling<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\">XM-19 <b>0.18<\/b> \u00b7 316 <b>0.30<\/b> \u00b7 317L <b>0.30<\/b> \u2014 good, but for nitric service <b>low-carbon 304L<\/b> is already the cheaper answer<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;background:#F7FAFB;\"><b>Boiling acetic and formic acid<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;background:#F7FAFB;\">In 33 % acetic all three are <b>&lt;0.025<\/b>; in 40 % formic XM-19 is <b>0.81<\/b> and 316 is <b>0.86<\/b>. <b>Not a differentiator<\/b> \u2014 no reason to pay for XM-19 in these media<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;width:42%;\"><b>Reading rule<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:7px 12px;border-top:1px solid #eceff1;\"><b>XM-19 beats 316\/317L comfortably in dilute and moderately concentrated media; as concentration or temperature rises the advantage disappears and at some point REVERSES.<\/b> When selecting, ask not only the concentration but <b>the temperature<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<p style=\"margin:18px 0 6px;font-size:15px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;line-height:1.5;\">Intergranular corrosion<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 12px;font-size:15px;line-height:1.75;\"><b>Better here than you would expect.<\/b> ASTM <b>A262 Practice B<\/b>: <b>0.0009 in.\/month<\/b> annealed at 1105 \u00b0C; <b>0.0022 in.\/month<\/b> after a 1-hour sensitising treatment at 675 \u00b0C. ASTM <b>A262 Practice E<\/b>: <b>passed in both conditions<\/b>. The reason is <b>Nb + V stabilisation<\/b>. Even as-welded, A262 Practice C (Huey) performance matches the base metal. <b>Despite C \u22640.06 %, it behaves in practice like a stabilised grade<\/b> \u2014 a genuine advantage that deserves to be on the product page.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:18px 0 6px;font-size:15px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;line-height:1.5;\">Sour service and NACE<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 12px;font-size:15px;line-height:1.75;\"><b>S20910 is accepted under NACE MR0175 \/ ISO 15156-3 in the annealed or hot\/cold worked condition at a maximum of 35 HRC.<\/b> ISO 15156 allows a small tolerance on individual readings: the <b>average of adjacent readings must stay within the limit<\/b> and <b>no single reading may exceed it by more than 2 HRC<\/b>.<br \/><b>Commercial consequence:<\/b> <b>annealed (\u2264241 HB \u2248 \u226422 HRC), HS (\u226435 HRC) and XHS (\u226435 HRC) comply; UHS (\u226440 HRC) DOES NOT.<\/b> One producer additionally declares NACE <b>MR0103<\/b> (refinery equipment) compliance. <b>Write the level and the hardness ceiling into your order acknowledgement<\/b> \u2014 \u201cNACE-compliant XM-19\u201d on its own is an incomplete statement.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:18px 0 6px;font-size:15px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;line-height:1.5;\">Where not to use it<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 12px;font-size:15px;line-height:1.75;\"><b>1. Hot hydrochloric acid.<\/b> In 2 % HCl at 80 \u00b0C it falls behind 317L. <b>2. Concentrated sulphuric acid.<\/b> 3.38 mm\/yr in 20 % H\u2082SO\u2084 at 80 \u00b0C \u2014 out of service. <b>3. Applications governed by chloride SCC.<\/b> It is not better than 316; you need duplex or a high-nickel alloy. <b>4. Sliding metal-to-metal couples.<\/b> Galling resistance is at 316 level; you need Nitronic 60. <b>5. Continuous high-temperature service.<\/b> Mechanical capability is reported to 649 \u00b0C, but the <b>sigma phase claim is unresolved<\/b> and the alloy was not designed for this. <b>6. Reducing acids contaminated with ferric and cupric ions.<\/b> It is a passive-film stainless; oxidising contamination triggers pitting.<\/p>\n<h4 id=\"dm-b11\" style=\"font-size:19px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;margin:30px 0 10px;line-height:1.35;\">Frequently Asked Questions<\/h4>\n<p style=\"margin:18px 0 6px;font-size:15px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;line-height:1.5;\">The customer wants \u201cXM-19 bar, 120 ksi yield\u201d and expects an ASTM A479 certificate. Can we supply it?<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 12px;font-size:15px;line-height:1.75;\"><b>No \u2014 and the reason is not the material, it is the paperwork. This is the most frequent order mismatch on this alloy.<\/b><br \/><b>ASTM A479 (and A276) cover XM-19 in the annealed condition<\/b> and the minimum is <b>55 ksi (380 MPa) yield<\/b>. There is <b>no<\/b> \u201c120 ksi yield\u201d level inside the standard. 120 ksi is one producer\u2019s <b>XHS (\u201cSuper High Strength\u201d) mill specification<\/b>, and that strength comes from <b>proprietary hot working practice<\/b>. Another producer reaches a comparable strength by <b>cold work<\/b> under its own \u201cLevel 2\/3\u201d mill specification. <b>All three are UNS S20910; all three are different products.<\/b><br \/><b>What we can supply is this:<\/b> material certified to A479\/A276 (and to ASME SA-479 if you wish) <b>for chemistry<\/b>, with <b>mechanical properties certified to a named, numbered mill high-strength specification<\/b>. The order line should read: \u201c<b>UNS S20910, chemistry per ASTM A479, mechanical properties per [mill] XHS specification: Rp0.2 \u2265827 MPa, Rm \u2265965 MPa, A \u226522 %, hardness \u226435 HRC<\/b>.\u201d <b>An order that says only \u201cA479 XM-19 120 ksi\u201d cannot be filled<\/b> and is a return waiting to happen.<br \/><b>Two more things must be said up front.<\/b> First: <b>this material cannot be welded<\/b> \u2014 the heat-affected zone reverts to annealed values and the 120 ksi yield is simply <b>not there<\/b>. Second: <b>no further heat treatment can be applied<\/b> \u2014 the strength is taken back. If the customer intends to weld the part, <b>there is no point buying XHS<\/b>, and saying so before the order is far cheaper than arguing about it afterwards.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:18px 0 6px;font-size:15px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;line-height:1.5;\">Your data sheet says \u201cPREN 34, same as 2205 duplex\u201d. Can we use XM-19 instead of 2205 on our seawater line?<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 12px;font-size:15px;line-height:1.75;\"><b>It depends \u2014 and the decision rests not on PREN but on which damage mechanism you are afraid of. These two alloys share a PREN and behave very differently.<\/b><br \/><b>The PREN really is similar.<\/b> XM-19 typically <b>33\u201335<\/b>; 2205 typically <b>33\u201335<\/b>. And in what PREN actually measures \u2014 <b>pitting initiation<\/b> \u2014 XM-19 is genuinely strong. The producer\u2019s ferric chloride data is striking: <b>on a creviced specimen XM-19 is &lt;0.001 g\/in\u00b2 while Type 316 is 0.186 g\/in\u00b2<\/b>. On a seawater line with crevice geometry, that is an <b>order-of-magnitude<\/b> improvement over 316.<br \/><b>What PREN does not measure is stress corrosion cracking, and there the table turns.<\/b> In the producer\u2019s own boiling 42 % MgCl\u2082 data, <b>XM-19 failed BEFORE Type 316 at all three stress levels<\/b> (5.0 h versus 7.0 h at 172 MPa). The producer\u2019s own conclusion: \u201c<b>about as resistant as 316<\/b>\u201d. 2205, thanks to its two-phase structure, is <b>dramatically superior to both austenitics<\/b> in chloride SCC \u2014 that is precisely why duplex exists.<br \/><b>Decision rule:<\/b> if your line has <b>stagnant zones, deposits, gasket crevices and pipe supports<\/b> and the temperature is moderate, XM-19 is a good choice \u2014 and it is <b>non-magnetic<\/b> and free of duplex\u2019s ferrite-balance and sigma-phase worries. But if the line <b>runs hot<\/b>, <b>carries stress<\/b> (bent pipe, tight joints, weld residual stress) and <b>concentrates chloride<\/b> (evaporation, wet\u2013dry cycling, under insulation), <b>ask for 2205 or <a href=\"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/en\/aisi-f53\/\">2507<\/a><\/b>. <b>Assuming SCC parity from PREN parity is the most expensive mistake available between these two alloys.<\/b><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:18px 0 6px;font-size:15px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;line-height:1.5;\">We bought XM-19 because it is \u201cnon-magnetic\u201d, welded the assembly, and the gauss meter deflects at the weld beads. Did we get the wrong material?<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 12px;font-size:15px;line-height:1.75;\"><b>The material is almost certainly right. The specification was incomplete.<\/b> This is the most common field complaint on XM-19, and its cause is not in the base metal but in the <b>filler metal<\/b>.<br \/><b>The base metal really is non-magnetic<\/b>, and that is the alloy\u2019s core selling point: <b>\u00b5r = 1.002\u20131.004<\/b> and \u2014 unlike 304\/316 \u2014 <b>it stays non-magnetic after severe cold work and after cryogenic exposure<\/b>. Nitrogen stabilises the austenite so thoroughly that no deformation martensite forms.<br \/><b>Weld metal is different.<\/b> To obtain a sound, solidification-crack-free bead in austenitic stainless welding, the filler deliberately carries <b>some delta ferrite<\/b>. Measured on beads made with XM-19\u2019s matching filler <b>ER209 \/ E209<\/b>: <b>\u00b5r \u22481.2, ferrite number FN \u22486<\/b>. <b>Ferrite is magnetic.<\/b> The difference between the base metal\u2019s 1.004 and the bead\u2019s 1.2 is easily visible to a gauss meter.<br \/><b>And this is not a defect, it is an engineering trade-off.<\/b> Drive the ferrite to zero and you buy <b>hot cracking risk<\/b> \u2014 XM-19\u2019s own ferrite potential is already low (<b>FN \u22482<\/b>), which is one of the reasons the producer <b>does not recommend electron beam or laser welding<\/b>.<br \/><b>What to do:<\/b> if there is a \u00b5r ceiling, put it in the <b>weld procedure qualification<\/b>, not in the material order. Low-ferrite filler options, controlled use of autogenous passes, and \u2014 on critical beads \u2014 a <b>post-weld 1121 \u00b0C solution anneal<\/b> (which partially dissolves the ferrite, at a cost in distortion and money) can all be considered. <b>Tie the acceptance criterion to a value measured on the assembly, not to the material certificate.<\/b><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:18px 0 6px;font-size:15px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;line-height:1.5;\">The supplier says \u201c1.3964 = S20910\u201d and offers European-origin material. Should we accept it?<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 12px;font-size:15px;line-height:1.75;\"><b>Not without putting the two chemistries side by side. These materials are siblings, not twins, and the difference shows up on the certificate.<\/b><br \/>The largest divergence is <b>nickel<\/b>: S20910 is <b>11.50\u201313.50 %<\/b>, 1.3964 is <b>15.00\u201317.00 %<\/b>. <b>The bands do not overlap at all<\/b> \u2014 so no heat conforming to 1.3964 can conform to S20910, or vice versa. The second divergence is <b>molybdenum<\/b>: S20910 <b>1.50\u20133.00 %<\/b>, 1.3964 <b>3.00\u20133.50 %<\/b>; they touch at a single point. 1.3964 is also <b>lower in carbon<\/b> (\u22640.03 % against \u22640.06 %) and <b>much cleaner<\/b> (S \u22640.010 %, P \u22640.025 %); it specifies no vanadium and allows <b>\u22640.25 % tungsten<\/b>.<br \/><b>The mechanicals differ too:<\/b> 1.3964 gives <b>Rm 700\u2013950 MPa<\/b> as a <b>BAND<\/b> \u2014 it has a <b>ceiling<\/b>. ASTM sets only a floor (<b>Rm \u2265690 MPa<\/b>). <b>A very high-strength heat can clear ASTM and still sit at the top of the 1.3964 range.<\/b><br \/><b>Practical answer:<\/b> 1.3964 is not a bad material \u2014 it is a <b>different<\/b> material, and with its higher nickel and molybdenum it is probably better in chloride. <b>If the customer expects an XM-19 certificate, ship XM-19; if they want 1.3964, ship 1.3964.<\/b> Substituting one for the other is a <b>documentation<\/b> non-conformance, not a material one \u2014 and that kind of mismatch usually surfaces after the assembly is finished, during third-party inspection.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:18px 0 6px;font-size:15px;font-weight:700;color:#12303f;line-height:1.5;\">Common data sheet errors \u2014 check before you order<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 12px;font-size:15px;line-height:1.75;\"><b>1. \u201c1.3964 = S20910\u201d \u2014 WRONG (or at least badly incomplete).<\/b> The nickel bands do not overlap at all (11.5\u201313.5 % against 15\u201317 %), the molybdenum bands touch at a single point, and the carbon ceilings differ by a factor of two. <b>Sibling grades, not the same material.<\/b><br \/><b>2. The EN name given as \u201cX3CrNiMoCuNbN21-13-3\u201d \u2014 WRONG.<\/b> The EN short name of 1.3964 is <b>X2CrNiMnMoNNb21-16-5-3<\/b>. It contains <b>Mn<\/b> and contains <b>no Cu<\/b>, and the numbers are different too. This error is published in at least one distributor PDF in circulation.<br \/><b>3. Density \u201c7.68 g\/cm\u00b3 (0.285 lb\/in\u00b3)\u201d \u2014 ARITHMETICALLY IMPOSSIBLE.<\/b> 0.285 lb\/in\u00b3 = <b>7.88 g\/cm\u00b3<\/b>. A widely mirrored producer PDF carries this typographic error. <b>Use 7.88.<\/b><br \/><b>4. Hardness \u201c293\u201d given as an XM-19 property.<\/b> The ASTM annealed bar limit is <b>\u2264241 HB \/ \u2264100 HRB<\/b>; the A193 B8R bolting limit is <b>\u2264271 HBW \/ \u226428 HRC<\/b>; the European 1.3964 limit is <b>\u2264279 HBW<\/b>. <b>293 is none of those.<\/b> Always write the scale and the document.<br \/><b>5. A sulphur limit of \u201c\u22640.010 %\u201d quoted as the ASTM value \u2014 WRONG.<\/b> <b>ASTM A276\/A479: S \u22640.030 %.<\/b> 0.010 is a mill limit tightened for a producer\u2019s <b>high-strength product<\/b>. The same error is made on carbon: <b>ASTM \u22640.06 %<\/b>, HS product \u22640.03 %.<br \/><b>6. Annealed and high-strength values mixed in one table.<\/b> A page shows \u201cyield 55 ksi\u201d next to \u201cyield 120 ksi\u201d without saying which product is which. <b>Annealed = 380 MPa \u00b7 HS = 724 MPa \u00b7 XHS = 827 MPa \u00b7 UHS = 965 MPa, and the last three are NOT INSIDE ANY STANDARD.<\/b><br \/><b>7. Nuts for A193 B8R studs given as \u201cA194 Grade 8\u201d or \u201cB8\u201d \u2014 WRONG.<\/b> The correct nut is <b>A194 Grade 8R<\/b> (or 8RA). \u201cGr 8\u201d is a <b>304<\/b> nut and does not match an S20910 stud.<br \/><b>8. \u201c1200 \u00b0F (629 \u00b0C)\u201d \u2014 unit error.<\/b> <b>1200 \u00b0F = 649 \u00b0C.<\/b> This bad conversion has multiplied by copying out of a producer PDF.<br \/><b>9. \u201cSuperior to 316L and 317L in all media\u201d \u2014 WRONG.<\/b> In the producer\u2019s own data, <b>in 2 % HCl at 80 \u00b0C XM-19 (11.2 mm\/yr) is BEHIND 317L (6.68 mm\/yr)<\/b>. And in boiling acetic and formic acid all three are <b>effectively identical<\/b> \u2014 there is no case for paying for XM-19 there.<br \/><b>10. PREN quoted as a single number.<\/b> The real range computed from the specification bands is <b>\u224828.7 to \u224839.8<\/b>; a typical heat is <b>33\u201335<\/b>. <b>Your heat\u2019s actual PREN is computed from the real Cr, Mo and N on the mill certificate<\/b> \u2014 not from a catalogue figure.<br \/><b>11. \u201cPREN equals 2205, therefore as good as duplex\u201d \u2014 WRONG.<\/b> PREN predicts <b>pitting<\/b>, not <b>SCC<\/b>. In boiling 42 % MgCl\u2082 XM-19 fails <b>slightly earlier than even 316<\/b>.<br \/><b>12. \u201cNon-magnetic\u201d written without qualification.<\/b> True for the <b>base metal<\/b> (\u00b5r 1.002\u20131.004, even cold worked). <b>False for the weld metal<\/b> (\u00b5r \u22481.2, FN \u22486). If the assembly carries a non-magnetic requirement, have the beads measured.<br \/><b>13. NACE compliance stated independently of the strength level.<\/b> The MR0175\/ISO 15156-3 ceiling is <b>35 HRC<\/b>: annealed, HS and XHS comply; <b>UHS (\u226440 HRC) does not<\/b>.<br \/><b>14. \u201cCan be electron beam or laser welded\u201d \u2014 NOT RECOMMENDED.<\/b> The producer excludes these processes because of the low ferrite potential (FN \u22482) and <b>severe nitrogen outgassing under vacuum<\/b>.<br \/><b>15. \u201cNitronic 50 resists galling\u201d \u2014 WRONG PAIRING.<\/b> The galling alloy is <b>Nitronic 60 (S21800)<\/b>. N50\u2019s galling resistance is <b>at 316 level<\/b>. The two grades share a family name but not a job.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/dm-zengin --><\/p>\n<p><!-- dm-ld --><script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"name\":\"Nitronic 50\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/en\/nitronic-50\/\",\"inLanguage\":\"en\",\"description\":\"Nitronic 50 (UNS S20910 \/ ASTM XM-19 \/ also sold as Alloy 50, Fermonic 50, 22-13-5) is a nitrogen-strengthened fully austenitic stainless steel.\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"name\":\"Defence Metal\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/\"},\"publisher\":{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"name\":\"Defence Metal\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/\"},\"mainEntity\":{\"@type\":\"DefinedTerm\",\"name\":\"Nitronic 50\",\"description\":\"Nitronic 50 (UNS S20910 \/ ASTM XM-19 \/ also sold as Alloy 50, Fermonic 50, 22-13-5) is a nitrogen-strengthened fully austenitic stainless steel.\",\"inDefinedTermSet\":{\"@type\":\"DefinedTermSet\",\"name\":\"Defence Metal - metals and alloys\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/\"},\"alternateName\":[\"UNS S20910\"],\"identifier\":[{\"@type\":\"PropertyValue\",\"propertyID\":\"UNS\",\"value\":\"S20910\"}]}}<\/script><!-- \/dm-ld --><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Nitronic 50 \/ (1.3964) \/ UNS S20910 \/ AMS 5764 DEFENCE METAL Nitronic 50 UNS S20910 \u00b7 ASTM XM-19 \u00b7 W.Nr. 1.3964 (SEW 390) \u00b7 trade names: Nitronic 50, Alloy 50, Fermonic 50, 22-13-5 \u00b7 ASTM composition: 20.5-23.5% Cr \u2013 11.5-13.5% Ni \u2013 4.0-6.0% Mn \u2013 1.50-3.00% Mo \u2013 0.20-0.40% N \u2013 0.10-0.30% Nb \u2013 &hellip; <\/p>\n<p class=\"link-more\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.defencemetal.com\/index.php\/en\/nitronic-50\/\" class=\"more-link\"><span class=\"screen-reader-text\"> &#8220;Nitronic 50 \/ (1.3964) \/ AMS 5764&#8221;<\/span>devam\u0131n\u0131 oku<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":3526,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_title":"NITRONIC 50 \/ (1.3964) \/ UNS S20910 \/ AMS 5764 | Defence Metal","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Nitronic 50 \/ XM-19 (UNS S20910) \u2014 AMS 5764. High-strength non-magnetic austenitic stainless steel, annealed or cold worked. Bar, plate and forgings.","inspiro_hide_title":false,"inspiro_hide_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"dm_sektor":[10,13,9,14,16,15],"class_list":["post-3535","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>NITRONIC 50 \/ (1.3964) \/ UNS S20910 \/ AMS 5764 | Defence Metal<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Nitronic 50 \/ XM-19 (UNS S20910) \u2014 AMS 5764. High-strength non-magnetic austenitic stainless steel, annealed or cold worked. 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